CN113388834B - 一种用于金属阀门及管件的双工艺复合涂层 - Google Patents

一种用于金属阀门及管件的双工艺复合涂层 Download PDF

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CN113388834B
CN113388834B CN202110604409.4A CN202110604409A CN113388834B CN 113388834 B CN113388834 B CN 113388834B CN 202110604409 A CN202110604409 A CN 202110604409A CN 113388834 B CN113388834 B CN 113388834B
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tungsten carbide
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CN113388834A (zh
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鲜广
赵海波
鲜丽君
范洪远
熊计
郭智兴
王均
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Sichuan University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于金属阀门及管件的双工艺复合涂层，涉及表面涂层技术领域。双工艺复合涂层为采用热喷涂和物理气相沉积方法分别制备的内层为碳化钨基涂层、外层为氮化物陶瓷层，然后再经过真空热处理和脉冲电磁场处理，涂层组织十分致密，涂层中无孔洞和裂纹等组织缺陷，涂层与阀门及管件基体结合牢固。本发明的双工艺复合涂层表面硬度高，且腐蚀电位高、腐蚀电流密度低，兼具优良的抗磨和抗蚀作用，可满足苛刻、复杂工况条件的使用要求。

Description

一种用于金属阀门及管件的双工艺复合涂层
技术领域
本发明属于表面涂层技术领域，具体涉及一种用于金属阀门及管件的双工艺复合涂层。
背景技术
油气开采与输送、化工、污水处理等领域使用的阀门和管件在服役过程中承受流体的腐蚀和流体中硬质颗粒的冲蚀磨损，制作阀门和管件最常用的碳钢、低合金钢、不锈钢、铸铁等金属材料由于难以兼容耐蚀与耐磨性能，导致这些材质的金属阀门及管件使用寿命很短，这既给维护造成巨大的压力，同时存在较大的安全隐患。采用热喷涂方法在金属阀门及管件表面制备一层硬质防护涂层能够增强阀门和管件的耐磨性能和耐腐蚀性能，涂层阀门的服役寿命成倍提高。然而，热喷涂涂层中存在孔洞、裂纹、夹杂等组织缺陷，这些缺陷对液体介质非常敏感，往往成为破坏起源位置。现有涂层因致密性低、组织缺陷多，以及耐腐蚀性和耐磨性综合性能较差，导致涂层金属阀门及管件的寿命仍不理想。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术存在的问题，提供一种用于金属阀门及管件的双工艺复合涂层。
为达此目的，本发明提供的技术方案是：提供一种用于金属阀门及管件的双工艺复合涂层，所述复合涂层由内外两层构成，内层为粒径在50~200μm尺度的特粗晶碳化钨基涂层，内层碳化钨基涂层厚度为0.3~1.0mm，外层为金属元素铬、铝、钛中的一个或多个元素与氮元素构成的非柱状结构且致密的氮化物陶瓷涂层，外层氮化物陶瓷涂层厚度为2~5μm。
其中，所述内层碳化钨基涂层是由超音速火焰喷涂或为等离子喷涂或为等离子喷焊方法制成，碳化钨基涂层的硬质相为WC和W2C，WC和W2C硬质相的总体积分数为40~60%，碳化钨基涂层中还具有体积分数为10~30%的亚微米级Cr7C3和Cr23C6弥散强化相，碳化钨基涂层的粘结相为含Ni质量分数为70~90%的镍合金，镍合金粘结相的物相为FeNi3、CrSi2和Cr3Si。
其中，所述氮化物陶瓷涂层是由物相气相沉积方法制成，沉积氮化物陶瓷涂层前利用金属离子和气体离子对内层碳化钨基涂层表面进行离子刻蚀60分钟以上。
其中，所述复合涂层经过了真空热处理和电磁场处理的双重后处理，复合涂层组织致密，涂层中无孔洞、裂纹组织缺陷，并与金属阀门及管件基体结合牢固。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：本发明提供的用于金属阀门及管件的双工艺复合涂层，由内外两种具有性能互补作用的涂层构成，使涂层的耐磨性能与耐腐蚀性能得到同步提高。一方面，内层碳化钨基涂层的硬度高，厚度大，具有持久的优良的耐磨性能和耐蚀性能，外层氮化物陶瓷层具有更高的腐蚀电位和更低的腐蚀电流密度，同时表面硬度提高数倍，使得复合涂层的使用性能进一步提高；另一方面，外层氮化物陶瓷涂层由物相气相沉积，涂层致密，隔绝了液体介质与内层热喷涂碳化钨基涂层的接触，极薄的氮化物陶瓷涂层，在中前期为防止内层碳化钨基涂层局部破损发挥了重要作用。并且，复合涂层经过了真空热处理和电磁场处理双重后处理，复合涂层中的应力得以释放，孔洞、裂纹缺陷得以消除，层/层和层/基界面得以强化，因此，本发明提供的用于金属阀门及管件的双工艺复合涂层具有优良的抵抗液体和硬质颗粒冲蚀磨损的能力。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1中所提供的用于金属阀门及管件的双工艺复合涂层的截面组织形貌。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明，但本发明的保护内容不局限于以下实施例，本领域技术人员在本发明基础上做出的任何非创造性改动均属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
复合涂层由内外两层构成，内层为粒径在143μm的特粗晶碳化钨基涂层，内层碳化钨基涂层是由等离子喷涂制成，碳化钨基涂层的硬质相为WC和W2C，WC和W2C硬质相的总体积分数为42%，碳化钨基涂层中还具有体积分数为23%的亚微米级Cr7C3和Cr23C6弥散强化相，碳化钨基涂层的粘结相为含Ni质量分数为82%的镍合金，镍合金粘结相的物相为FeNi3、CrSi2和Cr3Si，内层碳化钨基涂层厚度为0.61mm，外层为金属元素钛与氮元素构成的非柱状结构且致密的氮化钛陶瓷涂层，氮化钛陶瓷涂层是由物相气相沉积方法制成，沉积氮化钛陶瓷涂层前利用金属离子和气体离子对内层碳化钨基涂层表面进行离子刻蚀90分钟，外层氮化钛陶瓷涂层厚度为3μm，复合涂层在1.5×10-1Pa的压强条件下经过900℃真空热处理2小时后，再经过电磁场处理。获得的复合涂层组织致密，涂层中无孔洞、裂纹组织缺陷，复合涂层与不锈钢阀门基体的结合强度大于52MPa。
实施例2
复合涂层由内外两层构成，内层为粒径在90μm的特粗晶碳化钨基涂层，内层碳化钨基涂层是由超音速火焰喷涂制成，碳化钨基涂层的硬质相为WC和W2C，WC和W2C硬质相的总体积分数为57%，碳化钨基涂层中还具有体积分数为18%的亚微米级Cr7C3和Cr23C6弥散强化相，碳化钨基涂层的粘结相为含Ni质量分数为76%的镍合金，镍合金粘结相的物相为FeNi3、CrSi2和Cr3Si，内层碳化钨基涂层厚度为0.5mm，外层为金属元素钛、铝与氮元素构成的非柱状结构且致密的氮化钛铝陶瓷涂层，氮化钛铝陶瓷涂层是由物相气相沉积方法制成，沉积氮化钛铝陶瓷涂层前利用金属离子和气体离子对内层碳化钨基涂层表面进行离子刻蚀70分钟，外层氮化钛铝陶瓷涂层厚度为2.6μm，复合涂层在1.8×10-1Pa的压强条件下经过950℃真空热处理1小时后，再经过电磁场处理。获得的复合涂层组织致密，涂层中无孔洞、裂纹组织缺陷，复合涂层与不锈钢阀门基体的结合强度大于70MPa。
实施例3
复合涂层由内外两层构成，内层为粒径在125μm的特粗晶碳化钨基涂层，内层碳化钨基涂层是由等离子喷焊制成，碳化钨基涂层的硬质相为WC和W2C，WC和W2C硬质相的总体积分数为48%，碳化钨基涂层中还具有体积分数为21%的亚微米级Cr7C3和Cr23C6弥散强化相，碳化钨基涂层的粘结相为含Ni质量分数为86%的镍合金，镍合金粘结相的物相为FeNi3、CrSi2和Cr3Si，内层碳化钨基涂层厚度为0.7mm，外层为金属元素铬、铝与氮元素构成的非柱状结构且致密的氮化铬铝陶瓷涂层，氮化铬铝陶瓷涂层是由物相气相沉积方法制成，沉积氮化铬铝陶瓷涂层前利用金属离子和气体离子对内层碳化钨基涂层表面进行离子刻蚀80分钟，外层氮化铬铝陶瓷涂层厚度为4μm，复合涂层在1.8×10-1Pa的压强条件下经过900℃真空热处理1小时后，再经过电磁场处理。获得的复合涂层组织致密，涂层中无孔洞、裂纹组织缺陷，复合涂层与不锈钢阀门基体的结合强度大于77MPa。

Claims (1)

1.一种用于金属阀门及管件的双工艺复合涂层，其特征在于：所述复合涂层由内外两层构成，内层为粒径在50~200μm尺度的特粗晶碳化钨基涂层，内层碳化钨基涂层厚度为0.3~1.0mm，外层为金属元素铬、铝、钛中的一个或多个元素与氮元素构成的非柱状结构且致密的氮化物陶瓷涂层，外层氮化物陶瓷涂层厚度为2~5μm；所述内层碳化钨基涂层是由超音速火焰喷涂或为等离子喷涂或为等离子喷焊方法制成，碳化钨基涂层的硬质相为WC和W2C，WC和W2C硬质相的总体积分数为40~60%，碳化钨基涂层中还具有体积分数为10~30%的亚微米级Cr7C3和Cr23C6弥散强化相，碳化钨基涂层的粘结相为含Ni质量分数为70~90%的镍合金，镍合金粘结相的物相为FeNi3、CrSi2和Cr3Si；所述氮化物陶瓷涂层是由物相气相沉积方法制成，沉积氮化物陶瓷涂层前利用金属离子和气体离子对内层碳化钨基涂层表面进行离子刻蚀60分钟以上；所述复合涂层经过了真空热处理和电磁场处理的双重后处理，复合涂层组织致密，涂层中无孔洞、裂纹组织缺陷，并与金属阀门及管件基体结合牢固。
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