CN113367039A - Method for planting sugarcane by utilizing sugarcane combustion ash - Google Patents
Method for planting sugarcane by utilizing sugarcane combustion ash Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/55—Sugar cane
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
- C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of recycling of agricultural wastes, and particularly discloses a method for planting sugarcane by utilizing sugarcane combustion ash, which comprises the following steps: mixing 20-28 parts by weight of bagasse ash, 10-16 parts by weight of molasses alcohol fermentation liquor and 7-11 parts by weight of filter mud, then adding a microbial inoculum, carrying out composting aerobic fermentation treatment to obtain a decomposed material, and mixing the decomposed material with slaked lime and a soil conditioner to obtain a decomposed fertilizer for sugarcane; deep ploughing and loosening the planting field before planting the sugarcane, and applying decomposed fertilizer for the sugarcane; ditching and planting single-bud seedlings of the sugarcane; intertillage and ridging are carried out when the sugarcane plants are jointing, and the rotten fertilizer for the sugarcane is applied. The method makes full use of the waste generated after the sugarcane is squeezed, changes waste into valuable, improves the soil fertility, effectively utilizes organic and mineral nutrient elements of the sugarcane, recycles the substances absorbed by the sugarcane in the growth period to the soil environment, provides sufficient absorbable nutrient substances for the subsequent growth of the sugarcane, and obviously improves the crop yield and quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of recycling of agricultural wastes, and particularly relates to a method for planting sugarcane by utilizing sugarcane combustion ash.
Background
Sugarcane is taken as an important economic crop, contains rich water, sugar, vitamins, proteins and other substances required by human bodies, can be directly eaten, and is also an important raw material for sugar production, so that the sugarcane has high market value, is one of the important economic crops in China, and has an important position in agricultural development in China. Guangxi is the biggest sugar industry base in China, the sucrose industry is also an important economic support for Guangxi, and the yield of the cane sugar accounts for about seventy percent of the whole country. A large amount of waste is generated in sugar production of sugarcane, for example, the sugarcane is used for producing the sugarcane bagasse, the sugarcane bagasse is combusted into waste sugarcane ash through a boiler of a sugar mill, a mixing agent is clarified in the sugar production process to obtain residue filter mud, and a byproduct of sugar production, namely molasses, is fermented to produce alcohol to produce waste molasses alcohol fermentation liquor and the like. The sugarcane ash contains rich mineral elements, the filter mud contains rich organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrients and other trace elements, the molasses alcohol fermentation liquor contains rich organic matters, and the wastes are discarded at will, so that not only is the resource waste caused, but also the serious environmental pollution is caused.
The fertilizer plays a very important role in the planting process of the sugarcane, and the quality of the fertilizer is related to the growth and development of leaf seedlings and root systems, so that the yield and the quality of the sugarcane are influenced. The chemical fertilizer in the currently used fertilizer accounts for the main part, can provide required nutrient substances for the sugarcane, and has the advantages of sufficient nutrients, quick response and the like, but years of practice verifies that the chemical fertilizer has more defects, trace elements are unbalanced in soil with excessive fertilizer application, crop pests and diseases become serious day by day, soil hardening, serious soil acidification and poor soil water-retaining property, so that the sugarcane grows slowly, and the yield and the quality are reduced. The problems of reducing the application of chemical fertilizers, improving the soil and improving the yield and the quality of the sugarcane are urgently needed to be solved by the sugarcane planting industry at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for planting sugarcane by utilizing sugarcane combustion ash, which effectively utilizes waste generated after the sugarcane is squeezed, effectively utilizes the sugarcane ash, molasses alcohol fermentation liquor and filter mud, provides sufficient absorbable nutrient substances for the growth of the sugarcane, greatly reduces the soil problem caused by excessive application of chemical fertilizers, and effectively improves the yield and quality of crops.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for planting sugar cane using sugar cane combustion ash, comprising the steps of:
(1) fully stirring and uniformly mixing 20-28 parts by weight of bagasse ash, 10-16 parts by weight of molasses alcohol fermentation liquor and 7-11 parts by weight of filter mud to obtain a mixture, then adding a microbial inoculum accounting for 0.5-0.8% of the weight of the mixture to uniformly mix, carrying out composting aerobic fermentation treatment, turning over after fermenting for 5-7 days, then continuing fermenting for 7-10 days to obtain a decomposed material, and mixing the decomposed material with slaked lime and a soil conditioner to obtain a decomposed fertilizer for sugarcane;
(2) deep ploughing and loosening the planted land before planting the sugarcane, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 40-60 cm, applying the rotten fertilizer for the sugarcane obtained in the step (1) at the application amount of 800-1200 kg/mu, and covering soil and leveling;
(3) ditching and planting single-bud seedlings of the sugarcane, wherein the depth of the ditches is 30-35 cm, the row spacing of the sugarcane is 1.1-1.2 m, and the planting density of the sugarcane is 4000-5000 plants/mu;
(4) intertillage and ridging are carried out when the sugarcane plants are subjected to jointing, and the rotten fertilizer for the sugarcane obtained in the step (1) is applied at the application amount of 250-400 kg/mu.
Preferably, in the method for planting sugarcane by using sugarcane combustion ash, in the step (1), the addition amount of the slaked lime is 3-5% of the decomposed material.
Preferably, in the method for planting sugarcane by using sugarcane combustion ash, the microbial inoculum is a mixed microbial inoculum of saccharomycetes, bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis in a weight ratio of 2-3: 1-2: 1.
Preferably, in the method for planting sugarcane by using sugarcane combustion ash, the soil conditioner is prepared by the following steps:
s1, drying and crushing bagasse into bagasse powder, adding the bagasse powder into a 10-20% sodium hydroxide solution, performing ultrasonic treatment at 40-60 ℃ for 4-6 h, wherein the ultrasonic power is 500-800W, and filtering, washing and drying to obtain pretreated bagasse powder; removing saccharides and lignin in bagasse by alkali solution and ultrasonic treatment of the bagasse to obtain bagasse fiber, and degrading the bagasse fiber;
s2, adding 20-30% of sodium hydroxide solution into acrylic acid to obtain a neutralized acrylic acid solution, adding acrylamide, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution;
s3, adding distilled water into the pretreated bagasse powder obtained in the step S1, uniformly stirring and dispersing to obtain a suspension, sequentially adding the mixed solution obtained in the step S2 and diatomite into the suspension, uniformly stirring and mixing, sequentially adding an initiator potassium persulfate and a cross-linking agent N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide into the suspension under the stirring condition, reacting for 2-5 hours at the temperature of 60-80 ℃, filtering to obtain a filter cake, washing and drying the filter cake to obtain the soil conditioner. The soil conditioner is obtained by graft copolymerization of bagasse fiber, acrylic acid, acrylamide and diatomite, is of a cross-linked network structure, has various active groups such as carboxyl, amide and the like, and has the effects of absorbing water, retaining fertilizer, adjusting soil structure and the like.
Preferably, in the method for planting sugarcane using sugarcane combustion ash, in the step S2, when the sodium hydroxide solution is added to the acrylic acid, the acrylic acid is added in a molar ratio of 1: 0.6-0.75; the mass ratio of the acrylic acid to the acrylamide is 2.2-4: 1. The neutralization degree of acrylic acid is adjusted by adding a sodium hydroxide solution with a certain proportion into the acrylic acid, so that ionized-COO with strong hydrophilicity is obtained in a reaction system-The content is moderate, so that the polymer chain obtained by copolymerization has certain negative charge, the electrostatic repulsion generated by the negative charge extends the reticular chain, and acrylamide is added to introduce an amide group.
Preferably, in the method for planting sugarcane using sugarcane combustion ash, in the step S3, the suspension has a solid content of 18-30%.
Preferably, in the method for planting sugarcane by using sugarcane combustion ash, in the step S3, the mixed solution obtained in the step S2 is added to the suspension in a mass ratio of 2-4: 1 of the total mass of acrylic acid and acrylamide to the pretreated sugarcane bagasse powder, and a weight ratio of the initiator potassium persulfate to the pretreated sugarcane bagasse powder is 0.02-0.035: 1; the total mass of the cross-linking agent N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide and the pretreated bagasse powder is 0.005-0.008: 1.
Preferably, in the method for planting sugarcane using sugarcane combustion ash, in step S3, the amount of diatomite added is 15-22% of the mass of the pretreated sugarcane bagasse powder, and the particle size of the diatomite is 200-300 meshes. The diatomite surface functional groups are beneficial to the grafting and crosslinking reaction, a crosslinking net structure is formed, and the water and fertilizer retention effects of the soil conditioner are improved.
Preferably, in the method for planting sugarcane by using sugarcane combustion ash, the soil conditioner is 1-2% of the decomposed material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the method for planting the sugarcane by utilizing the combustion ash of the sugarcane, the combustion waste bagasse ash of a boiler of a sugar mill is mixed with molasses alcohol fermentation liquor and filter mud according to a certain weight proportion for fermentation, and then the mixture is mixed with slaked lime and a soil conditioner to be used as a base fertilizer and an additional fertilizer for planting the sugarcane, and the application is carried out in the periods of seed turning, soil preparation, middle ploughing and earthing up of the sugarcane, so that nutrient substances required by the growth of the sugarcane are met, and other fertilizers are not required to be applied. The method makes full use of the waste generated after the sugarcane is squeezed, changes waste into valuable, improves the soil fertility, effectively utilizes organic and mineral nutrient elements of the sugarcane, recycles the substances absorbed by the sugarcane in the growth period to the soil environment again, provides sufficient absorbable nutrient substances for the subsequent growth of the sugarcane, greatly reduces the soil acidification caused by the excessive application of chemical fertilizers, and simultaneously effectively improves the crop yield and quality.
2. The method for planting the sugarcane by utilizing the combustion ash of the sugarcane adopts the rotten fertilizer for the sugarcane prepared by mixing the waste bagasse ash with the molasses alcohol fermentation liquid, the filter mud for fermentation and then with the hydrated lime and the soil conditioner to replace the fertilizer, and can improve the soil hardening condition, relieve the soil acidification, increase the organic matter content of the soil and increase the permeability and the water retention of the soil.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention is provided, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
Example 1
A method of growing sugar cane using sugar cane combustion ash comprising the steps of:
(1) fully and uniformly stirring 25 parts of bagasse ash, 12 parts of molasses alcohol fermentation liquor and 9 parts of filter mud to obtain a mixture, adding 0.7% of a microbial inoculum by weight of the mixture to uniformly mix, wherein the microbial inoculum is a mixed microbial inoculum of saccharomycetes, bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis in a weight ratio of 3:2:1, carrying out composting aerobic fermentation treatment on the mixture, turning over after fermenting for 7 days, continuing fermenting for 10 days to obtain a decomposed material, and mixing the decomposed material with 3.5% of slaked lime and 1.5% of a soil conditioner by weight of the decomposed material to obtain the decomposed fertilizer for sugarcane;
(2) deep ploughing and loosening the planted land before planting the sugarcane, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 50-60 cm, applying the rotten fertilizer for the sugarcane obtained in the step (1), the application amount is 1000 kg/mu, and covering and leveling soil;
(3) ditching and planting single-bud seedlings of the sugarcane, wherein the depth of the ditches is 30cm, the row spacing of the sugarcane is 1.2m, and the planting density of the sugarcane is 4000 plants/mu;
(4) intertillage ridging is carried out when the sugarcane plants are subjected to jointing, and the rotten fertilizer for the sugarcane obtained in the step (1) is applied at the application amount of 300 kg/mu.
The soil conditioner is prepared by the following steps:
s1, drying and crushing bagasse into bagasse powder, adding the bagasse powder into a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass percent concentration of 18%, wherein the mass ratio of the bagasse powder to the sodium hydroxide solution is 1:4, carrying out ultrasonic treatment at 50 ℃ for 5h, the ultrasonic power is 600W, filtering, washing with distilled water, and then obtaining pretreated bagasse powder;
s2, adding 27.2g (0.204mol of sodium hydroxide) of sodium hydroxide solution with the mass percent concentration of 30% into 21g (0.29mol) of acrylic acid to obtain a neutralized acrylic acid solution, adding 7g of acrylamide, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution;
s3, adding 30g of distilled water into 10g of pretreated bagasse powder, uniformly stirring and dispersing to obtain a suspension with a solid content of 25%, adding all the mixed solution prepared in the step S2 into the suspension, adding 2g of diatomite, uniformly stirring and mixing, sequentially adding 0.3g of initiator potassium persulfate and 0.06g of cross-linking agent N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide under the stirring condition, reacting for 5 hours at 60 ℃, filtering to obtain a filter cake, washing and drying the filter cake to obtain the soil conditioner.
Example 2
A method of growing sugar cane using sugar cane combustion ash comprising the steps of:
(1) fully and uniformly stirring 22 parts of bagasse ash, 16 parts of molasses alcohol fermentation liquor and 10 parts of filter mud to obtain a mixture, adding 0.55% of a microbial inoculum by weight of the mixture to uniformly mix, wherein the microbial inoculum is a mixed microbial inoculum of saccharomycetes, bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis in a weight ratio of 3:1:1, performing composting aerobic fermentation treatment on the mixture, turning over after fermenting for 7 days, continuing fermenting for 7 days to obtain a decomposed material, and mixing the decomposed material with 4% of slaked lime and 1.5% of a soil conditioner by weight of the decomposed material to obtain the decomposed fertilizer for sugarcane;
(2) deep ploughing and loosening the planted land before planting the sugarcane, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 50-60 cm, applying the rotten fertilizer for the sugarcane obtained in the step (1), the application amount is 1000 kg/mu, and covering and leveling soil;
(3) ditching and planting single-bud seedlings of the sugarcane, wherein the depth of the ditches is 30cm, the row spacing of the sugarcane is 1.2m, and the planting density of the sugarcane is 4000 plants/mu;
(4) intertillage ridging is carried out when the sugarcane plants are subjected to jointing, and the rotten fertilizer for the sugarcane obtained in the step (1) is applied at the application amount of 300 kg/mu.
The soil conditioner is prepared by the following steps:
s1, drying and crushing bagasse into bagasse powder, adding the bagasse powder into a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass percent concentration of 18%, wherein the mass ratio of the bagasse powder to the sodium hydroxide solution is 1:4, carrying out ultrasonic treatment at 50 ℃ for 5h, the ultrasonic power is 700W, filtering, washing with distilled water, and then obtaining pretreated bagasse powder;
s2, adding 40g (0.25mol of sodium hydroxide) of 25 mass percent sodium hydroxide solution into 28.5g (0.395mol) of acrylic acid to obtain a neutralized acrylic acid solution, adding 11.5g of acrylamide, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution;
s3, adding 30g of distilled water into 10g of pretreated bagasse powder, uniformly stirring and dispersing to obtain a suspension with a solid content of 25%, adding all the mixed solution prepared in the step S2 into the suspension, adding 1.8g of diatomite, uniformly stirring and mixing, sequentially adding 0.25g of initiator potassium persulfate and 0.075g of cross-linking agent N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide under the stirring condition, reacting for 3 hours at 70 ℃, filtering to obtain a filter cake, washing and drying the filter cake to obtain the soil conditioner.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that: in step (1), bagasse ash was not added, and other parameters and steps were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that: step (1) is to mix bagasse ash with slaked lime 4% of the weight of the bagasse ash and a soil conditioner 1.5% of the weight of the bagasse ash to obtain a decomposed fertilizer for sugarcane, and other parameters and steps are the same as those in example 1.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that: in the step (1), no soil conditioner is added.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that: preparation of soil conditioner step S3 without adding diatomaceous earth, the other parameters and steps were the same as in example 1.
Test example sugarcane field test
Carrying out a sugarcane planting test in a sugarcane planting test field, setting an example 1-2 group, a comparative example 1-4 group and a control group, adopting a random block design, setting 3 repeats for each group, setting the planting area of each zone to be 0.5 mu, setting the soil state of each zone to be the same, selecting healthy No. 49 sugarcane single-bud seedlings for planting, planting the example 1-2 group and the comparative example 1-4 group according to the methods provided by the example 1-2 group and the comparative example 1-4 group respectively, and carrying out conventional fertilization on the control group, wherein other management measures are the same. The plant height, stem diameter, cane juice purity, cane juice brix, sucrose content and yield were investigated after sugarcane ripening, and the average of 3 replicates was taken for each set of test results, the results are shown in table 1. Soil samples of 0-20 cm plough layers are collected by using a cutting ring, the PH, organic matter content, soil volume weight, total soil porosity and soil water content of the soil are investigated, each index is repeated for 3 times, and the results are shown in table 2.
As can be seen from table 1, the plant heights of the sugarcanes are sequentially from large to small in the example group > the comparative group > the control group, and the plant heights of the sugarcane in the example 1 and the example 2 are respectively increased by 7.6% and 7.2% compared with the control group; the stem diameter of the sugarcane in the example group is higher than that of the sugarcane in the comparative example group and the control group. The sugarcane juice purity, the sugarcane juice brix and the sugarcane content are main basis for examining the quality standard of sugarcane, and as can be seen from the table, the sugarcane juice purity of the example group is more than 91.5%, the sugarcane juice brix is more than 22.9, the content of the sugarcane content is more than 16.9%, and the sugarcane juice content is improved to different degrees compared with the control group, so that the sugarcane planting method by utilizing the sugarcane combustion ash content is favorable for improving the sugarcane quality.
As can be seen from Table 1, the yield of the example group is obviously higher than that of the control group, compared with the control group, the yield of the example 1 and the yield of the example 2 are respectively improved by 35.4 percent and 34.8 percent, and the difference reaches extremely obvious levels, which indicates that the fertilizer prepared by mixing bagasse ash, molasses alcohol fermentation liquor, filter mud, hydrated lime and a soil conditioner according to a certain proportion as the sugarcane fertilizer has obvious sugarcane yield increasing effect.
TABLE 1 Performance indices and yields of different groups of sugarcane
As can be seen from table 2, compared with the control group, the soil organic matters of the group 1 and the group 2 are increased by 14.5% and 13.7, the volume weight of the soil is reduced by 12% and 10%, the total porosity of the soil is increased by 15.6% and 14%, and the water content of the soil is increased by 33.3% and 27.1%.
TABLE 2 physicochemical Properties of the soil
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A method for planting sugarcane by using sugarcane combustion ash is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) fully stirring and uniformly mixing 20-28 parts by weight of bagasse ash, 10-16 parts by weight of molasses alcohol fermentation liquor and 7-11 parts by weight of filter mud to obtain a mixture, then adding a microbial inoculum accounting for 0.5-0.8% of the weight of the mixture to uniformly mix, carrying out composting aerobic fermentation treatment, turning over after fermenting for 5-7 days, then continuing fermenting for 7-10 days to obtain a decomposed material, and mixing the decomposed material with slaked lime and a soil conditioner to obtain a decomposed fertilizer for sugarcane;
(2) deep ploughing and loosening the planted land before planting the sugarcane, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 40-60 cm, applying the rotten fertilizer for the sugarcane obtained in the step (1) at the application amount of 800-1200 kg/mu, and covering soil and leveling;
(3) ditching and planting single-bud seedlings of the sugarcane, wherein the depth of the ditches is 30-35 cm, the row spacing of the sugarcane is 1.1-1.2 m, and the planting density of the sugarcane is 4000-5000 plants/mu;
(4) intertillage and ridging are carried out when the sugarcane plants are subjected to jointing, and the rotten fertilizer for the sugarcane obtained in the step (1) is applied at the application amount of 250-400 kg/mu.
2. The method for planting sugarcane using sugarcane combustion ash as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the addition amount of the slaked lime is 3-5% by weight of the decomposed material.
3. The method for planting sugarcane from sugarcane combustion ash as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microbial inoculum is a mixed microbial inoculum of yeast, bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis in a weight ratio of 2-3: 1-2: 1.
4. The method for planting sugarcane with sugarcane combustion ash as set forth in claim 1, wherein the soil conditioner is prepared by:
s1, drying and crushing bagasse into bagasse powder, adding the bagasse powder into a 10-20% sodium hydroxide solution, performing ultrasonic treatment at 40-60 ℃ for 4-6 h with the ultrasonic power of 500-800W, and filtering, washing and drying to obtain pretreated bagasse powder;
s2, adding 20-30% sodium hydroxide solution into acrylic acid to obtain neutralized acrylic acid solution, adding acrylamide, and uniformly mixing to obtain mixed solution;
s3, adding distilled water into the pretreated bagasse powder obtained in the step S1, stirring and dispersing uniformly to obtain a suspension, sequentially adding the mixed solution obtained in the step S2 and diatomite into the suspension, stirring and mixing uniformly, sequentially adding an initiator potassium persulfate and a cross-linking agent N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide into the suspension under the stirring condition, reacting for 2-5 hours at the temperature of 60-80 ℃, filtering to obtain a filter cake, washing and drying the filter cake to obtain the soil conditioner.
5. The method for planting sugarcane according to claim 4, wherein in the step S2, when the sodium hydroxide solution is added to the acrylic acid, the acrylic acid and the sodium hydroxide are added according to a molar ratio of 1: 0.6-0.75; the mass ratio of the acrylic acid to the acrylamide is 2.2-4: 1.
6. The method for planting sugarcane using sugarcane combustion ash as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step S3, the solid content of the suspension is 18-30%.
7. The method for planting sugarcane using sugarcane combustion ash as set forth in claim 4, wherein in step S3, the mixed solution obtained in step S2 is added to the suspension in a weight ratio of 2-4: 1 of the total mass of acrylic acid and acrylamide to the pretreated sugarcane bagasse powder, and a weight ratio of 0.02-0.035: 1 of the initiator potassium persulfate to the pretreated sugarcane bagasse powder; the weight ratio of the cross-linking agent N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide to the pretreated bagasse powder is 0.005-0.008: 1.
8. The method for sugarcane planting using sugarcane combustion ash as set forth in claim 4, wherein the diatomaceous earth is added in an amount of 20-28% by mass of the pretreated sugarcane bagasse powder in step S3, and has a particle size of 200-300 mesh.
9. The method for planting sugarcane with sugarcane combustion ash as claimed in claim 4, wherein the soil conditioner is 1-2% of the decomposed material.
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