CN113349312B - Industrialized blue crab cultivation anti-atomization bait and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Industrialized blue crab cultivation anti-atomization bait and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113349312B CN113349312B CN202110672394.5A CN202110672394A CN113349312B CN 113349312 B CN113349312 B CN 113349312B CN 202110672394 A CN202110672394 A CN 202110672394A CN 113349312 B CN113349312 B CN 113349312B
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- MBLBDJOUHNCFQT-LXGUWJNJSA-N aldehydo-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@@H](C=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO MBLBDJOUHNCFQT-LXGUWJNJSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- 229910000150 monocalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- JDLKFOPOAOFWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N allicin Chemical compound C=CCSS(=O)CC=C JDLKFOPOAOFWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C02F1/68—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
The invention discloses an anti-atomization bait for industrial blue crab culture and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation raw materials of the bait comprise the following components in parts by weight: 0.8-1.2 parts of salt, 28-32 parts of mixed minced fillet, 14-16 parts of shrimp shell powder or crab shell powder, 5-7 parts of cuttlefish powder, 15-17 parts of peeled soybean meal, 1.8-2.2 parts of spirulina powder or algae residue, 19-21 parts of high gluten flour, 1.8-2.2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 2.9-3.1 parts of fish oil, 2.9-3.1 parts of electrolytic multidimensional and 1.2-1.4 parts of phagostimulant; during the preparation of the bait, the minced fillet is fully gelled at 40-50 ℃ after being pulped at low temperature, so that a gel structure is formed, the stability of the feed in water is good, the hardness of the feed is moderate, and the biting of the blue crabs is easy. The green crab feed is cured at 75 ℃, belongs to semi-cured feed, and is more suitable for eating than completely cured feed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of blue crab culture. More particularly, the invention relates to an anti-atomization bait for industrial blue crab culture and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Blue crabs are one of Chinese mariculture products, and are popular in the market in the past because of tender meat, delicious taste and rich nutrition, especially female crabs (commonly called as cream crabs) with mature gonads, which are cooked, and the crab cream is orange or red orange in color.
The blue crabs mainly take small-sized fishes, shrimps, crabs, shellfish and the like as baits, natural biological baits not only destroy marine fishery resources, but also have limited resources, can not ensure timely and sufficient supply, have a single nutrition structure, and are easy to rot and decompose after being fed, thus damaging water quality. The existing commercial feed has the problems that although the nutrition is more abundant, the commercial feed is easy to atomize and disperse in water after being soaked for a long time and cut by blue crabs, and the stability is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an anti-atomization bait for industrial blue crab culture, which can balance nutrition, has good stability in water and is easy for blue crabs to bite.
The invention further aims to provide a preparation method of the industrialized blue crab culture anti-atomization bait, which is characterized in that after the minced fillet is pulped at low temperature, the minced fillet is fully gelled at 40-50 ℃ to form a gel structure, so that the stability of the feed in water is good, the hardness of the feed is moderate, and the blue crab biting is easy. The green crab feed is cured at 75 ℃, belongs to semi-cured feed, and is more suitable for eating than completely cured feed.
To achieve these objects and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, there is provided an anti-fogging bait for industrial blue crab culture, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
0.8-1.2 parts of salt, 28-32 parts of mixed minced fillet, 14-16 parts of shrimp shell powder or crab shell powder, 5-7 parts of cuttlefish powder, 15-17 parts of peeled soybean meal, 1.8-2.2 parts of spirulina powder or algae residue, 19-21 parts of high gluten flour, 1.8-2.2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 2.9-3.1 parts of fish oil, 2.9-3.1 parts of electrolytic multidimensional and 1.2-1.4 parts of phagostimulant.
Preferably, in the industrialized blue crab culture anti-atomization bait, the preparation raw material also comprises glutamine transaminase, and the dosage of the glutamine transaminase is one to four thousandths of the total amount of the raw material.
Preferably, in the industrialized blue crab culture anti-atomization bait, the phagostimulant comprises glutamic acid, betaine and allicin according to the mass ratio of 6:6: 1.
The preparation method of the industrialized blue crab cultivation anti-atomization bait comprises the following steps:
grinding shrimp shell powder or crab shell powder, cuttlefish powder, peeled bean pulp powder, spirulina powder or algae residue, high gluten flour, monocalcium phosphate, electrolytic multi-dimensional food attractant into powder, and sieving with 80-100 mesh sieve;
step two, adding salt, fish oil and glutamine transaminase into the mixed minced fillet, adding the raw materials sieved in the step one, and fully pulping at 0-5 ℃ to obtain slurry;
and thirdly, molding the slurry prepared in the second step through a mold, fully gelling at 40-50 ℃, curing, drying and freezing for preservation.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the industrialized blue crab culture anti-atomization bait, ice cubes accounting for 10-15% of the weight of the slurry are added during pulping in the second step so as to fully pulp at 0-5 ℃, and the blue crab culture anti-atomization bait is cured at 75 ℃ in the third step.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the anti-atomization bait for industrial blue crab culture, in the third step, the drying is freeze drying, and after curing, the preparation method further comprises the step of uniformly wrapping the oyster shell wrapping, wherein the preparation method of the oyster shell wrapping comprises the following steps:
step one), uniformly mixing wood vinegar 300 times liquid and EM bacteria liquid according to the mass ratio of 10:1 to obtain mixed liquid;
step two), activated oyster shell powder and bacillus subtilis powder are mixed according to the mass ratio of 20:1, uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder;
step three), mixing the powder, the mixed solution and the adhesive according to the mass ratio of 1:2: and 0.5, uniformly mixing to obtain the oyster shell wrapping material.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the industrialized blue crab cultivation anti-atomization bait, the preparation method of the activated oyster shell powder comprises the following steps:
step A), soaking oyster shells in alkali liquor for 10 hours, filtering, washing with water, air-drying, and crushing to 60 meshes to obtain oyster shell coarse powder for later use;
step B), mixing oyster shell coarse powder and far infrared ceramic powder according to the weight ratio of 250:1, activating for 6 hours at the temperature of 200 ℃, and then crushing into 200 meshes to obtain activated oyster shell powder.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the industrialized blue crab cultivation anti-atomization bait, oyster shells are soaked in a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 20% in the step A).
Preferably, in the preparation method of the industrialized blue crab culture anti-atomization bait, the adhesive is composed of xanthan gum, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and sodium alginate according to the mass ratio of 2.5:1.5:1.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
the bait prepared by the invention has balanced nutrition, and the minced fillet is fully gelled at 40-50 ℃ after being pulped at low temperature in the preparation process, so that the gel structure is formed, the stability of the feed in water is good, the hardness of the feed is moderate, and the feed is easy to be bitten by blue crabs. The green crab feed is cured at 75 ℃, belongs to semi-cured feed, and is more suitable for eating than completely cured feed.
In the preparation process of the feed, wood vinegar, EM bacteria liquid and bacillus subtilis powder are introduced at normal temperature after curing, and freeze drying is adopted, so that the volatilization of active ingredients in the wood vinegar can be avoided, and the EM bacteria and bacillus subtilis are inactivated. By introducing wood vinegar, trace elements can be added, so that the effects of sterilizing and disinfecting, and regulating the health of the digestive tract of the blue crabs can be achieved, the shelf life of the feed can be prolonged, and the water quality can be purified. The EM bacterial liquid and the bacillus subtilis powder are added to regulate the intestinal tracts of the crabs, so that the immunity of the blue crabs is improved. The activated oyster shell powder is used as a slow-release material, so that wood vinegar, EM bacteria and bacillus subtilis can enter holes of the activated oyster shell powder, and the situation that the wood vinegar, EM bacteria and bacillus subtilis completely enter a water body and are not eaten by blue crabs due to the fact that the feed is soaked in water for a long time can be avoided.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to examples to enable those skilled in the art to practice the same by referring to the description.
The experimental methods described in the following embodiments are conventional methods unless otherwise indicated, and the reagents and materials are commercially available.
The industrialized blue crab culture anti-atomization bait comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
0.8-1.2 parts of salt, 28-32 parts of mixed minced fillet, 14-16 parts of shrimp shell powder or crab shell powder, 5-7 parts of cuttlefish powder, 15-17 parts of peeled soybean meal, 1.8-2.2 parts of spirulina powder or algae residue, 19-21 parts of high gluten flour, 1.8-2.2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 2.9-3.1 parts of fish oil, 2.9-3.1 parts of electrolytic multidimensional and 1.2-1.4 parts of phagostimulant.
In the industrialized blue crab culture anti-atomization bait, the preparation raw materials also comprise glutamine transaminase, and the dosage of the glutamine transaminase is one to four thousandths of the total amount of the raw materials.
In the industrialized blue crab culture anti-atomization bait, the phagostimulant comprises glutamic acid, betaine and allicin according to the mass ratio of 6:6: 1.
The preparation method of the industrialized blue crab cultivation anti-atomization bait comprises the following steps:
grinding shrimp shell powder or crab shell powder, cuttlefish powder, peeled bean pulp powder, spirulina powder or algae residue, high gluten flour, monocalcium phosphate, electrolytic multi-dimensional food attractant into powder, and sieving with 80-100 mesh sieve;
step two, adding salt, fish oil and glutamine transaminase into the mixed minced fillet, adding the raw materials sieved in the step one, and fully pulping at 0-5 ℃ to obtain slurry;
and thirdly, molding the slurry prepared in the second step through a mold, fully gelling at 40-50 ℃, curing, drying and freezing for preservation.
The bait prepared by the invention has balanced nutrition, and the minced fillet is fully gelled at 40-50 ℃ after being pulped at low temperature in the preparation process, so that the gel structure is formed, the stability of the feed in water is good, the hardness of the feed is moderate, and the feed is easy to be bitten by blue crabs. The green crab feed is cured at 75 ℃, belongs to semi-cured feed, and is more suitable for eating than completely cured feed.
In the preparation method of the industrialized blue crab culture anti-atomization bait, ice cubes accounting for 10-15% of the weight of the slurry are added during pulping in the second step so as to fully pulp at 0-5 ℃, and the third step is curing at 75 ℃.
In the preparation method of the industrialized blue crab culture anti-atomization bait, in the third step, the drying is freeze drying, and after curing, the method also comprises the step of uniformly coating oyster shell wrappers on the surface, wherein the preparation method of the oyster shell wrappers comprises the following steps:
step one), uniformly mixing wood vinegar 300 times liquid and EM bacteria liquid according to the mass ratio of 10:1 to obtain mixed liquid;
step two), activated oyster shell powder and bacillus subtilis powder are mixed according to the mass ratio of 20:1, uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder;
step three), mixing the powder, the mixed solution and the adhesive according to the mass ratio of 1:2: and 0.5, uniformly mixing to obtain the oyster shell wrapping material.
In the preparation process of the feed, wood vinegar, EM bacteria liquid and bacillus subtilis powder are introduced at normal temperature after curing, and freeze drying is adopted, so that the volatilization of active ingredients in the wood vinegar can be avoided, and the EM bacteria and bacillus subtilis are inactivated. By introducing wood vinegar, trace elements can be added, so that the effects of sterilizing and disinfecting, and regulating the health of the digestive tract of the blue crabs can be achieved, the shelf life of the feed can be prolonged, and the water quality can be purified. The EM bacterial liquid and the bacillus subtilis powder are added to regulate the intestinal tracts of the crabs, so that the immunity of the blue crabs is improved. The activated oyster shell powder is used as a slow-release material, so that wood vinegar, EM bacteria and bacillus subtilis can enter holes of the activated oyster shell powder, and the situation that the wood vinegar, EM bacteria and bacillus subtilis completely enter a water body and are not eaten by blue crabs due to the fact that the feed is soaked in water for a long time can be avoided.
In the preparation method of the industrialized blue crab cultivation anti-atomization bait, the preparation method of the activated oyster shell powder comprises the following steps:
step A), soaking oyster shells in alkali liquor for 10 hours, filtering, washing with water, air-drying, and crushing to 60 meshes to obtain oyster shell coarse powder for later use;
step B), mixing oyster shell coarse powder and far infrared ceramic powder according to the weight ratio of 250:1, activating for 6 hours at the temperature of 200 ℃, and then crushing into 200 meshes to obtain activated oyster shell powder.
In the preparation method of the industrialized blue crab cultivation anti-atomization bait, oyster shells are soaked in a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 20% in the step A).
In the preparation method of the industrialized blue crab culture anti-atomization bait, the adhesive is composed of xanthan gum, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and sodium alginate according to the mass ratio of 2.5:1.5:1.
In order to further improve the disease resistance of the blue crabs, the antiseptic and antibacterial capacity of the feed and the stability in water, the technical scheme can further comprise the following technical details so as to better realize the technical effects:
in the first step), 300 times of wood vinegar liquid, curcumin, cyclodextrin and EM bacterial liquid are mixed according to the mass ratio of 10:0.0006:0.01:1, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution;
the binder was hydrophobically modified xanthan gum, modified xanthan gum prepared in example 1 with application number CN201310694242.0 was used.
Example 1
The industrialized blue crab culture anti-atomization bait comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
0.8 part of salt, 28 parts of mixed minced fillet, 14 parts of shrimp shell powder or crab shell powder, 5 parts of cuttlefish powder, 15 parts of peeled soybean meal powder, 1.8 parts of spirulina powder or algae residue, 19 parts of high gluten flour, 1.8 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 2.9 parts of fish oil, 2.9 parts of electrolyzed multivitamin and 1.2 parts of phagostimulant.
In the industrial blue crab culture anti-atomization bait, the preparation raw materials also comprise glutamine transaminase, and the dosage of the glutamine transaminase is one thousandth of the total amount of the raw materials.
In the industrialized blue crab culture anti-atomization bait, the phagostimulant comprises glutamic acid, betaine and allicin according to the mass ratio of 6:6: 1.
The preparation method of the industrialized blue crab cultivation anti-atomization bait comprises the following steps:
grinding shrimp shell powder or crab shell powder, cuttlefish powder, peeled soybean meal, spirulina powder or algae residue, high gluten flour, monocalcium phosphate, electrolytic multi-dimensional food attractant into powder, and sieving with a 80-mesh sieve;
step two, adding salt, fish oil and glutamine transaminase into the mixed minced fillet, adding the raw materials sieved in the step one, and fully pulping at 0 ℃ to obtain slurry;
and thirdly, molding the slurry prepared in the second step through a mold, fully gelling at 40 ℃, curing, drying and freezing for preservation.
The bait prepared by the method has balanced nutrition, and the minced fillet is fully gelled at 40 ℃ after being pulped at low temperature in the preparation process to form a gel structure, so that the feed has good stability in water, moderate hardness and easy biting of blue crabs.
In the preparation method of the industrialized blue crab culture anti-atomization bait, ice blocks accounting for 10% of the weight of the slurry are added during pulping in the second step so as to fully pulp at 0 ℃, and the third step is curing at 75 ℃.
Example 2
The industrialized blue crab culture anti-atomization bait comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
1 part of salt, 30 parts of mixed minced fillet, 15 parts of shrimp shell powder or crab shell powder, 6 parts of cuttlefish powder, 16 parts of peeled soybean meal powder, 2 parts of spirulina powder or algae residue, 20 parts of high gluten flour, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 3 parts of fish oil, 3 parts of electrolytic multivitamin and 1.3 parts of phagostimulant.
In the industrial blue crab culture anti-atomization bait, the preparation raw materials also comprise glutamine transaminase, and the dosage of the glutamine transaminase is two thousandths of the total amount of the raw materials.
In the industrialized blue crab culture anti-atomization bait, the phagostimulant comprises glutamic acid, betaine and allicin according to the mass ratio of 6:6: 1.
The preparation method of the industrialized blue crab cultivation anti-atomization bait comprises the following steps:
grinding shrimp shell powder or crab shell powder, cuttlefish powder, peeled soybean meal, spirulina powder or algae residue, high gluten flour, monocalcium phosphate, electrolytic multi-dimensional and phagostimulant into powder, and sieving with a 90-mesh sieve;
step two, adding salt, fish oil and glutamine transaminase into the mixed minced fillet, adding the raw materials sieved in the step one, and fully pulping at the temperature of 2 ℃ to obtain slurry;
and thirdly, molding the slurry prepared in the second step through a mold, fully gelling at 45 ℃, curing, drying and freezing for preservation.
The bait prepared by the method has balanced nutrition, and the minced fillet is fully gelled at 45 ℃ after being pulped at low temperature in the preparation process to form a gel structure, so that the feed has good stability in water, moderate hardness and easy biting of blue crabs.
In the preparation method of the industrialized blue crab culture anti-atomization bait, ice blocks accounting for 12% of the weight of the slurry are added during pulping in the second step so as to fully pulp at the temperature of 2 ℃, and the blue crab culture anti-atomization bait is cured at the temperature of 75 ℃ in the third step.
Example 3
The industrialized blue crab culture anti-atomization bait comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
1.2 parts of salt, 32 parts of mixed minced fillet, 16 parts of shrimp shell powder or crab shell powder, 7 parts of cuttlefish powder, 17 parts of peeled soybean meal powder, 2.2 parts of spirulina powder or algae residue, 21 parts of high gluten flour, 2.2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 3.1 parts of fish oil, 3.1 parts of electrolytic multivitamin and 1.4 parts of phagostimulant.
In the industrial blue crab culture anti-atomization bait, the preparation raw materials also comprise glutamine transaminase, and the dosage of the glutamine transaminase is four thousandths of the total amount of the raw materials.
In the industrialized blue crab culture anti-atomization bait, the phagostimulant comprises glutamic acid, betaine and allicin according to the mass ratio of 6:6: 1.
The preparation method of the industrialized blue crab cultivation anti-atomization bait comprises the following steps:
grinding shrimp shell powder or crab shell powder, cuttlefish powder, peeled soybean meal, spirulina powder or algae residue, high gluten flour, monocalcium phosphate, electrolytic multi-dimensional and phagostimulant into powder, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve;
step two, adding salt, fish oil and glutamine transaminase into the mixed minced fillet, adding the raw materials sieved in the step one, and fully pulping at 5 ℃ to obtain slurry;
and thirdly, molding the slurry prepared in the second step through a mold, fully gelling at 50 ℃, curing, drying and freezing for preservation.
The bait prepared by the invention has balanced nutrition, and the minced fillet is fully gelled at 50 ℃ after being pulped at low temperature in the preparation process to form a gel structure, so that the feed has good stability in water, moderate hardness and easy biting of blue crabs.
In the preparation method of the industrialized blue crab culture anti-atomization bait, ice blocks accounting for 15% of the weight of the slurry are added during pulping in the second step so as to fully pulp at 5 ℃, and the blue crab culture anti-atomization bait is cured at 75 ℃ in the third step.
Example 4
In the preparation method of the anti-atomization bait for industrial blue crab culture, in the third step, the drying is freeze drying, and after curing, the method further comprises the step of uniformly coating oyster shell wrappers on the surface, wherein the preparation method of the oyster shell wrappers comprises the following steps:
step one), uniformly mixing wood vinegar 300 times liquid and EM bacteria liquid according to the mass ratio of 10:1 to obtain mixed liquid;
step two), activated oyster shell powder and bacillus subtilis powder are mixed according to the mass ratio of 20:1, uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder;
step three), mixing the powder, the mixed solution and the adhesive according to the mass ratio of 1:2: and 0.5, uniformly mixing to obtain the oyster shell wrapping material.
In the preparation process of the feed, wood vinegar, EM bacteria liquid and bacillus subtilis powder are introduced at normal temperature after curing, and freeze drying is adopted, so that the volatilization of active ingredients in the wood vinegar can be avoided, and the EM bacteria and bacillus subtilis are inactivated. By introducing wood vinegar, trace elements can be added, so that the effects of sterilizing and disinfecting, and regulating the health of the digestive tract of the blue crabs can be achieved, the shelf life of the feed can be prolonged, and the water quality can be purified. The EM bacterial liquid and the bacillus subtilis powder are added to regulate the intestinal tracts of the crabs, so that the immunity of the blue crabs is improved. The activated oyster shell powder is used as a slow-release material, so that wood vinegar, EM bacteria and bacillus subtilis can enter holes of the activated oyster shell powder, and the situation that the wood vinegar, EM bacteria and bacillus subtilis completely enter a water body and are not eaten by blue crabs due to the fact that the feed is soaked in water for a long time can be avoided.
In the preparation method of the industrialized blue crab cultivation anti-atomization bait, the preparation method of the activated oyster shell powder comprises the following steps:
step A), soaking oyster shells in alkali liquor for 10 hours, filtering, washing with water, air-drying, and crushing to 60 meshes to obtain oyster shell coarse powder for later use;
step B), mixing oyster shell coarse powder and far infrared ceramic powder according to the weight ratio of 250:1, activating for 6 hours at the temperature of 200 ℃, and then crushing into 200 meshes to obtain activated oyster shell powder.
In the preparation method of the industrialized blue crab cultivation anti-atomization bait, oyster shells are soaked in a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 20% in the step A).
In the preparation method of the industrialized blue crab culture anti-atomization bait, the adhesive is composed of xanthan gum, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and sodium alginate according to the mass ratio of 2.5:1.5:1.
Example 5
On the basis of the embodiment 4, in order to further improve the disease resistance of the blue crabs, the antiseptic and antibacterial capabilities of the feed and the stability in water, the technical scheme can further comprise the following technical details so as to better realize the technical effects:
in the first step), 300 times of wood vinegar liquid, curcumin, cyclodextrin and EM bacterial liquid are mixed according to the mass ratio of 10:0.0006:0.01:1, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution; curcumin has antioxidant, antibacterial and immunity enhancing effects, but is insoluble in water. Since the outer perimeter of the cyclodextrin molecule is hydrophilic and the inner cavity is hydrophobic, it can provide a hydrophobic binding site as a host to encapsulate various suitable guests, so that the inner cavity of cyclodextrin can encapsulate curcumin, rendering it water soluble.
The binder was hydrophobically modified xanthan gum, modified xanthan gum prepared in example 1 with application number CN201310694242.0 was used. The hydrophobic xanthan gum is adopted to wrap the feed, so that the dissolution rate of active ingredients in the feed in water can be reduced, the stability of the feed in water is better, and the utilization rate of the blue crabs to the feed is higher.
Comparative example 1
The industrialized blue crab culture anti-atomization bait comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
1 part of salt, 30 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of shrimp shell powder or crab shell powder, 6 parts of cuttlefish powder, 16 parts of peeled soybean meal powder, 2 parts of spirulina powder or algae residue, 20 parts of high gluten flour, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 3 parts of fish oil, 3 parts of electrolytic multivitamin, 1 part of adhesive and 1.3 parts of phagostimulant.
In the industrialized blue crab culture anti-atomization bait, the phagostimulant comprises glutamic acid, betaine and allicin according to the mass ratio of 6:6: 1.
In the industrialized blue crab culture anti-atomization bait, the adhesive consists of xanthan gum, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and sodium alginate according to the mass ratio of 2.5:1.5:1.
The preparation method of the industrialized blue crab cultivation anti-atomization bait comprises the following steps:
grinding shrimp shell powder or crab shell powder, cuttlefish powder, peeled soybean meal, spirulina powder or algae residue, high gluten flour, monocalcium phosphate, electrolytic multivitamin, binder and phagostimulant into powder, sieving with 80 mesh sieve, mixing with fish oil, extruding into 3mm thick and thin feed with pellet feed granulator, cutting into 1-2cm hard pellet feed, steaming in steamer for 15min, oven drying at 50deg.C, and freeze preserving.
Test 1
In the industrial cultivation test of blue crabs in the mountain harbor area of North sea in Guangxi Zhuang nationality, 640 blue crabs with the weight of 101+/-0.34 g are selected and randomly distributed into 16 cement ponds, 40 blue crabs in each pond are fed by adopting the feed prepared in the embodiment 2, 4 and 5 and the comparative example 1, 3 groups of repetition are arranged in the other 12 cement ponds, the blue crabs in each cement pond are fed 2 times per day for 8:30 and 16:30 respectively, water is changed every other day, and the water amount is about 1/3 of water change every time. During the experiment, the water temperature is 28-31 ℃, the dissolved oxygen is more than 5.0mg/L, and after 4 weeks, the blue crabs in each cement pond are counted and weighed, and the survival rate and the weight gain rate are calculated. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 survival rate and weight gain rate of blue crabs
As is clear from Table 1, the survival rate of the blue crabs can be improved by feeding the feed prepared in examples 2, 4 and 5, and the survival rate and the weight gain rate of the blue crabs are highest by feeding the feed prepared in example 5, which means that wood vinegar, EM bacterial liquid and bacillus subtilis powder are introduced at normal temperature after curing in the feed preparation process, and the volatilization of active ingredients in the wood vinegar, the inactivation of EM bacterial and bacillus subtilis can be avoided by adopting freeze drying. By introducing wood vinegar, trace elements can be added, so that the effects of sterilizing and disinfecting, and regulating the health of the digestive tract of the blue crabs can be achieved, the shelf life of the feed can be prolonged, and the water quality can be purified. The EM bacterial liquid and the bacillus subtilis powder are added to regulate the intestinal tracts of the crabs, so that the immunity of the blue crabs is improved. The activated oyster shell powder is used as a slow-release material, so that wood vinegar, EM bacteria and bacillus subtilis can enter holes of the activated oyster shell powder, and the situation that the wood vinegar, EM bacteria and bacillus subtilis completely enter a water body and are not eaten by blue crabs due to the fact that the feed is soaked in water for a long time can be avoided. And the dissolution rate of active ingredients in the feed in water can be reduced by adopting the hydrophobic xanthan gum, so that the feed has better stability in water and the utilization rate of the blue crabs to the feed is higher. .
Test 2
The feeds prepared in examples 2, 4 and 5 were used for soaking tests in a laboratory of a fourth ocean institute of the natural resources department, and comparative example 1 and commercial blue crab pellet feed (blue crab puffed compound feed) were used for comparison, and the conditions of atomization and dissolution loss after the feed was put into water for 1h, the longest water-resistant time and atomization and dispersion in water after blue crab large chelate cutting after soaking for 6h were detected, and the results are shown in table 2, and the bar-in table 2 indicates no dissolution loss phenomenon.
TABLE 2 feed water entry conditions
As can be seen from Table 2, the feeds prepared in examples 2, 4 and 5 were subjected to a soaking test, after 1h, the feeds were free of dissolution loss phenomenon, after soaking for 6h, the feeds prepared in example 5 were free of dissolution loss phenomenon, and the feeds were atomized and dispersed in water after being subjected to big chelation cutting of blue crabs, and the water-resistant time was longest, which indicates that the hydrophobic xanthan gum is used for wrapping the feeds, so that the dissolution loss rate of active ingredients in the feeds in water can be reduced, the stability of the feeds in water is better, and the utilization rate of the blue crabs to the feeds is higher.
Test 3
The feeds prepared in examples 2, 4, 5 and comparative example 1 of the present invention were tested for storage time at 0℃and the results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 feed storage time
| Group of | Storage time/day |
| Example 2 | 10 |
| Example 4 | 13 |
| Example 5 | 20 |
| Comparative example 1 | 7 |
As is clear from Table 3, the feed prepared in example 5 has the longest storage time at 0 ℃, which indicates that the addition of pyroligneous liquor and curcumin in the feed preparation process can play a role in sterilization and disinfection, and can improve the shelf life of the feed. And after the pyroligneous liquor is introduced, freeze drying is adopted, so that the volatilization of active ingredients in the pyroligneous liquor can be avoided, and the long-acting effect of the pyroligneous liquor can be realized.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the details and embodiments shown, it is well suited to various fields of use for which the invention is suited, and further modifications may be readily made by one skilled in the art, and the invention is therefore not to be limited to the particular details and examples shown and described herein, without departing from the general concepts defined by the claims and the equivalents thereof.
Claims (3)
1. The preparation method of the industrialized blue crab cultivation anti-atomization bait is characterized by comprising the following steps:
grinding 14-16 parts of shrimp shell powder or crab shell powder, 5-7 parts of cuttlefish powder, 15-17 parts of peeled soybean meal, 1.8-2.2 parts of spirulina powder or algae residue, 19-21 parts of high-gluten flour, 1.8-2.2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 2.9-3.1 parts of electrolytic multi-component and 1.2-1.4 parts of phagostimulant into powder, and sieving with a 80-100-mesh sieve; wherein the phagostimulant consists of glutamic acid, betaine and allicin according to the mass ratio of 6:6:1;
step two, adding 0.8-1.2 parts of salt, 2.9-3.1 parts of fish oil and glutamine transaminase which is one to four thousandths of the total amount of raw materials into 28-32 parts of mixed minced fillet, adding the raw materials sieved in the step one, and fully pulping at 0-5 ℃ to obtain slurry;
step three, the sizing agent prepared in the step two is molded by a mold, then is fully gelled at 40-50 ℃, is cured, is uniformly wrapped with oyster shell wrappage, is freeze-dried and is stored in a freezing way;
the preparation method of the oyster shell wrapping material comprises the following steps:
step one), uniformly mixing wood vinegar 300 times liquid, curcumin, cyclodextrin and EM bacteria liquid according to the mass ratio of 10:0.0006:0.01:1 to obtain mixed liquid;
step two), uniformly mixing activated oyster shell powder and bacillus subtilis powder according to the mass ratio of 20:1 to obtain mixed powder;
step three), uniformly mixing the mixed powder, the mixed solution and the hydrophobically modified xanthan gum according to the mass ratio of 1:2:0.5 to obtain oyster shell wrappage;
in the second step, ice cubes accounting for 10-15% of the weight of the slurry are added during pulping to fully pulp at 0-5 ℃, and in the third step, the ice cubes are cured at 75 ℃.
2. The method for preparing the anti-atomization bait for industrial blue crab culture as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for preparing the activated oyster shell powder comprises the following steps:
step A), soaking oyster shells in alkali liquor for 10 hours, filtering, washing with water, air-drying, and crushing to 60 meshes to obtain oyster shell coarse powder for later use;
step B), mixing oyster shell coarse powder and far infrared ceramic powder according to the weight ratio of 250:1, then activating for 6 hours at the temperature of 200 ℃, and then crushing into 200 meshes to obtain activated oyster shell powder.
3. The method for preparing the anti-atomization bait for industrial blue crab culture according to claim 2, wherein in the step A), oyster shells are soaked in a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 20%.
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