CN113341131A - 用于检测伏马毒素b1的试剂盒及检测方法 - Google Patents
用于检测伏马毒素b1的试剂盒及检测方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于检测伏马毒素B1的试剂盒及检测方法。该试剂盒包括由伏马毒素B1包被的磁珠、包被羊抗鼠IgG的纳米金探针及伏马毒素B1的单克隆抗体;磁珠和纳米金探针可通过单克隆抗体特异性结合,其中,单克隆抗体的可变区用于结合磁珠上的伏马毒素B1,单克隆抗体的恒定区用于结合纳米金探针上的羊抗鼠IgG的可变区。由于纳米金探针上的羊抗鼠IgG是通过可变区与单克隆抗体的恒定区进行结合的,这种结合更加牢固,具有稳定的放大作用,适合于获得准确和灵敏度高的检测结果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及伏马毒素B1检测技术领域,尤其涉及用于检测伏马毒素B1的试剂盒及检测方法。
背景技术
伏马毒素(Fumonisins,FBs)又称为烟曲霉毒素,主要由串珠镰刀菌产生。FBs分为A、B、C、D四大类,目前已发现的有FA1、FA2、FB1、FB2、FB3、FB4、FC1、FC2、FC3、FC4和FP1,共11种。其中FB1为其主要组分,含量占伏马菌素的70%-80%,且毒性最强,是导致伏马菌素毒性作用的主要成分。FB1具有多种毒性,主要包括神经毒性、组织器官毒性、致癌性、免疫毒性、细胞毒性、生殖毒性等。伏马菌素与马脑白质软化症、猪肺水肿症、羊肝肾病变和人类的食道癌等人畜疾病密切相关。
目前FB1的检测方法有高效液相色谱法、高效液相色谱-固相荧光法、免疫亲和柱净化-柱后衍生高效液相色谱法、高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用法、免疫学检测方法等。其中高效液相色谱法在伏马毒素的检测中最为常用。但该方法前处理过程繁琐,操作复杂,需要大型仪器设备及专业操作人员,不便于实际检测中的样品筛查。免疫学检测方法相对简单,尤其是IC-ELISA方法在小分子物质的免疫学检测中应用最为广泛,其具有相对于高效液相色谱法简单、灵敏、高效的优点,适合大量样品的初筛。但是对于一些微量样品甚至是痕量样品,其检测手段越来越受限,不能满足实际需求。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在提供一种用于检测伏马毒素B1的试剂盒,至少一定程度上解决上述技术问题之一。
第一方面,本发明实施例提供一种用于检测伏马毒素B1的试剂盒,包括由伏马毒素B1包被的磁珠、包被羊抗鼠IgG的纳米金探针及伏马毒素B1的单克隆抗体;所述磁珠和所述纳米金探针可通过所述单克隆抗体特异性结合,其中,所述单克隆抗体的可变区用于结合所述磁珠上的伏马毒素B1,所述单克隆抗体的恒定区用于结合所述纳米金探针上的羊抗鼠IgG的可变区。
在本发明的具体实施方式中,所述磁珠上的伏马毒素B1是通过载体蛋白进行包被的。
在本发明的具体实施方式中,所述载体蛋白包括白念珠菌酰基载体蛋白1、破伤风类毒素、破伤风类毒素己二酸酞阱衍生物、重组铜绿假单胞菌外毒素A、重组铜绿假单胞菌外毒素A己二酸酞脐衍生物、可溶内源性短肽及其修饰物中的至少一种。
在本发明的具体实施方式中,所述伏马毒素B1是先与所述载体蛋白结合后,再包被于所述磁珠上的。
在本发明的具体实施方式中,所述纳米金探针的合成步骤是以四氯金酸作为前驱体,维生素C为还原剂,阿拉伯胶为诱导剂进行的。
在本发明的具体实施方式中,所述纳米金探针表面具有表面增强拉曼散射热点。
在本发明的具体实施方式中,所述试剂盒还包括磁珠悬浮液、底物液和终止液。
第二方面,本发明实施例还提供第一方面涉及的试剂盒用于检测玉米中伏马毒素B1的方法,包括制备玉米样品的步骤以及对所述玉米样品进行分析的步骤。
在本发明的具体实施方式中,所述制备玉米样品的步骤包括,将研磨的玉米粉使用甲醇水溶液进行萃取,以及对于萃取后的上清液进行过滤的步骤。
与现有技术相比,本发明至少具有以下有益效果:
本发明中涉及的试剂盒,使用包被伏马毒素B1的磁珠与待测样品中伏马毒素B1竞争性结合其单克隆抗体,使得磁珠上竞争捕获的FB1与待测样品中FB1的浓度呈反向相关。而纳米金探针则能够显著放大这种反向相关关系,使得最终通过分析这种反向相关关系即能够实现检测。由于纳米金探针上的羊抗鼠IgG是通过可变区与单克隆抗体的恒定区进行结合的,这种结合更加牢固,具有稳定的放大作用,适合于获得准确的检测结果。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
第一方面,本发明实施例提供用于检测伏马毒素B1的试剂盒,包括由伏马毒素B1包被的磁珠、包被羊抗鼠IgG的纳米金探针及伏马毒素B1的单克隆抗体;磁珠和纳米金探针可通过单克隆抗体特异性结合,其中,单克隆抗体的可变区用于结合所述磁珠上的伏马毒素B1,单克隆抗体的恒定区用于结合纳米金探针上的羊抗鼠IgG的可变区。
具体的,磁珠上包被的伏马毒素B1(简称FB1)为完全抗原,其能够与待测样品中的FB1进行竞争,而与FB1的单克隆抗体结合,使得磁珠上竞争捕获的FB1与待测样品中FB1的浓度呈反向相关。而纳米金探针则能够显著放大这种反向相关关系,使得最终通过分析这种反向相关关系即能够实现检测。而由于纳米金探针上的羊抗鼠IgG是通过可变区与单克隆抗体的恒定区进行结合的,这种结合更加牢固,具有稳定的放大作用,非常适合于获得准确和灵敏的检测结果。
在本发明的具体实施方式中,磁珠上的FB1是通过载体蛋白进行包被的,通过载体蛋白进行包被,能够促使FB1稳定结合于磁珠表面,并且使FB1在磁珠表面获得较佳的包被效果。具体的,载体蛋白包括白念珠菌酰基载体蛋白1(简称ACP1)、破伤风类毒素(简称TT,北京生物制品研究所)、破伤风类毒素己二酸酞阱衍生物(简称TTah,北京生物制品研究所)、可溶内源性短肽(简称YebF)及其修饰物中的至少一种。另外以牛血清白蛋白(简称BSA,赛默飞世尔)作为对比的载体蛋白。
其中,ACP1是通过在大肠埃希菌BL21中表达的;例如,采用PCR扩增目的基因ACP1后,在序列的C端拼接上6xHis tag及终止子,拼接完成后连接构建到质粒中,成为原核表达载体pET30a-ACP1,转化入大肠埃希菌感受态细胞BL21中,通过异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside,IPTG)诱导表达;收集表达产物后通过镍离子螯合柱纯化得到ACP1。
其中,TTah的制备采用EDAC缩合法。将TT(北京生物制品研究所)分别用0.85%NaCI溶液稀释至终浓度为l0mg/mL,然后将其加入等体积的0.9mo1/L ADH中,调节至pH6.5,加入EDAC使其终浓度为7.5mmo1/L,控制pH在(6.5±0.1),反应2h,调节至pH8.0,终止反应,用含0.85%NaCI将衍生物超滤浓缩,除菌过滤得到的衍生物TTah。
其中,可溶内源性短肽为大肠杆菌分泌至细胞外的一种小分子蛋白YebF,大小为10.8kDa。YebF由47个氨基酸残基组成,其由一个二硫键(C35-0108)稳定结构;结构核心的二级结构包括1个4-转角α-螺旋((4-turna-helix,al),4个反向平行的R-折叠(R-strands)和1个1-转角310螺旋(single turn of 310helix);动态表面包括2个区域:动态环1(dynamic loop1)和动态环2(dynamic loop 2)。15N异核单量子相关谱(15N-HSQC)显示动态环1和动态环2的氨基酸残基会发生构象改变。其N末端具有较长的线性端,非常适合与磁珠进行偶联。
在本发明的具体实施方式中,FB1是先与载体蛋白结合后,再包被于磁珠上的。如此,能够使得FB1与载体蛋白充分结合,获得更大的载量,并获得与磁珠更加稳定的结合效果。
在本发明的具体实施方式中,纳米金探针的合成步骤是以四氯金酸作为前驱体,维生素C为还原剂,阿拉伯胶为诱导剂进行的。其中的,纳米粒径大约20nm,呈球形,均一性佳,并且其纳米粒表面富含纳米间隙,这促使其易于形成表面增强拉曼散射热点。而表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)效应是一种基于纳米尺度颗粒体系或粗糙金属表面的异常光学增强现象,用激发光作为强入射光源,同时使用表面增强技术采集待测样品的拉曼光谱,可以较大幅度提高待测样品的拉曼光谱强度。它可以使吸附在材料表面分子的拉曼信号放大约106倍,而对于特殊纳米量级粒子形态分布的基底表面,信号增强甚至可高达1014倍。SERS技术具有灵敏度高、分辨率高、能够抑制荧光产生等优点,因此成为一种很有潜力的生物大分子检测方法。
由此,通过将具有两性的羊抗鼠IgG蛋白,通过在形成具有表面纳米间隙的金颗粒,在其表面形成具有表面增强拉曼散射热点,能够获得较强的SERS光谱强度,使得在纳米金探针与磁珠结合后,不仅可以利用化学发光对其进行分析,还能利用SERS光谱对其进行更加准确的分析,提供检测的准确率和灵敏度。
一般而言,纳米金探针上还可通过包被化学发光的相关酶,如辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)催化底物发生反应,能够产生荧光,通过酶标仪即可实现检测。因而,此种实施方式中,试剂盒还包括磁珠悬浮液、底物液和终止液。
第二方面,本发明实施例还提供第一方面中的试剂盒用于检测玉米中伏马毒素B1的方法,包括制备玉米样品的步骤以及对所述玉米样品进行分析的步骤。
在本发明的具体实施方式中,制备玉米样品的步骤包括,将研磨的玉米粉使用甲醇水溶液进行萃取,以及对于萃取后的上清液进行过滤的步骤。其中,使用的甲醇水溶液体积比为60%~75%,优选为70%,如此,能够充分释放玉米中FB1促使其溶解至甲醇水溶液中。
下方结合更加具体的实施例进行说明,所涉及的试剂或仪器,若无特别说明均为常规试剂或仪器。
(磁珠的制备)
1、磁珠预处理
将磁珠试剂管放置于漩涡振荡器上震荡2min。混匀后取1mL磁珠悬浮液(含0.05%叠氮化钠的PBS水溶液,约25mg磁珠,Affimag公司)置于7mL EP管中,取5mL PBS缓冲液(0.01mol/L,pH=7.4)加入EP管中漩涡振荡器震荡1min。将EP管放置磁力架上静置3min后弃掉磁珠上清液,重复清洗两次。将磁珠悬浮于1mL PBS缓冲液中备用;
2、FB1的负载
称取1.0mgACP1和0.6mg FB1溶于1.0mL PBS中,逐滴加入1.0mL戊二醛溶液(0.3%戊二醛的PBS溶液),室温搅拌2h。加入0.25mL甘氨酸溶液(1mol/L,pH=7.0)继续搅拌10min。混合物4℃条件下PBS中透析24h,将获得的包被完全抗原(ACP1-FB1)定容至1.0mL后分装,-20℃保存备用,得到FB1-BSA。此处,仅示例性地使用了BSA作为载体蛋白,但是对于上方举例的其他载体蛋白均可参照此法进行。
3、ACP1-FB1与磁珠的偶联
向制备的磁珠悬浮液中加入5mL的ACP1-FB1(浓度为0.2mg/mL),同时加入加入偶联缓冲液(pH8.0~9.5,0.1M硼酸盐),并且加入含0.8~1.2M浓度磷酸铵的硼酸缓冲液(pH8.0~9.5)。37℃振荡孵育18h后,置于磁力架上静置分离上清液,即可获得包被BSA-FB1的磁珠,将获得的纳米磁珠探针于4℃冰箱保存备用。
对于采用不同的载体蛋白进行制备,以及是否先将FB1负载在载体蛋白上,这些具体的实施过程,可见表1。表1中,实施例5是在FB1负载过程中,同时加入了YebF和TTah两种蛋白,二者总共1.0mg。表1中,应用Brad-ford法对上清液进行蛋白定量分析,计算偶联效率,偶联效率=偶联前后FB1与载体蛋白结合体的浓度差×体积/磁珠量。由此,可知,实施例1-5的偶联效率均大于对比例。
表1
(纳米金探针的制备及其他试剂配制)
1、SERS纳米金制备
将100mL 50mM的HAuCl4(百灵威)溶液置于250mL锥形瓶中加热至沸腾,在持续搅拌的状态下迅速加入1%wt的1.2~1.5mL维生素C(百灵威)、1.5%wt 2.0~5.0ml阿拉伯胶(百灵威)。继续加热沸腾5分钟,并继续搅拌10分钟。获得20nm金纳米粒子冷却至室温后放置棕色瓶中4℃冰箱保存备用。
2、化学发光试剂包被
羊抗鼠IgG(1mg/mL,赛默飞)和HRP(1mg/mL,赛默飞)按1:4混合,取0.1mL混合液加入到10mL金纳米粒溶液中。将上述混合液搅拌20分钟后室温静置2小时,10000×g离心30分钟,弃上清后悬浮于10mL的PBS(含1%BSA)缓冲液中保存备用。
3、其他试剂配制
PBS缓冲液:NaCl(8g,分析纯),KCl(0.2g,分析纯),KH2PO4(0.2g,分析纯),Na2HPO4·12H2O(2.9g,分析纯),加入蒸馏水至1000mL,其pH=7.4;
洗涤液:含0.05%Tween20的PBS水溶液;
磁珠悬浮液:含0.05%叠氮化钠的PBS水溶液;
伏马毒素FBl标准液:含5%甲醇的PBS缓冲液将FBl母液稀释7个浓度50μg/L,16.67μg/L,5.56μg/L,1.85μg/L,0.62μg/L,0.21μg/L,0.07μg/L,0μg/L,共8瓶;
底物液:其包含0.1mol/L柠檬酸,0.1mol/L柠檬酸钠,0.01mol/L邻苯二胺(北京鼎国昌盛生物技术有限公司),调pH至5.0,4℃保存;
终止液:10%H2SO4
(玉米样品检测)
1、取磨细的玉米样品1g,加入5mL 70%的甲醇水溶液于振荡器上200rpm振荡萃取10min。4000g离心10min,上清液用0.45μM膜过滤后PBS缓冲液稀释备用。
2、纳米磁珠探针混匀后加入96孔板中,每孔100μL;每孔分别加入50μL单克隆抗体(1mg/mL)和50μL标样(或样品提取液),室温反应10min;磁场分离洗涤3次,每孔加入100μL酶标二抗(4000倍稀释)室温反应10min;再次洗涤后每孔中加入150μL底物液,室温下反应15min;每孔加入50μL终止液;酶标仪读取吸光度值。
3、同时采用上述相同方法,对FB1的标准液进行检测,制作标准曲线,并进行相关分析。
(检测结果)
对于标准品的检测及玉米样品的检测结果如表2所示,标准品的检测用于制作标准曲线,并根据标准曲线的拟合方程技术处玉米样品中FB1的浓度。其中,实施例1-5的再三个不同标准品的变异系数均小于对比例,检测重复性更高,更加准确,并且实施例1的最低检出浓度更低,更加灵敏。而对于玉米样品的检测,实施例的变异系数也小于对比例,检测更加准确。
表2
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.用于检测伏马毒素B1的试剂盒,其特征在于,包括由伏马毒素B1包被的磁珠、包被羊抗鼠IgG的纳米金探针及伏马毒素B1的单克隆抗体;
所述磁珠和所述纳米金探针可通过所述单克隆抗体特异性结合,其中,所述单克隆抗体的可变区用于结合所述磁珠上的伏马毒素B1,所述单克隆抗体的恒定区用于结合所述纳米金探针上的羊抗鼠IgG的可变区。
2.根据权利要求1所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,所述磁珠上的伏马毒素B1是通过载体蛋白进行包被的。
3.根据权利要求2所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,所述载体蛋白包括白念珠菌酰基载体蛋白1、破伤风类毒素、破伤风类毒素己二酸酞阱衍生物、重组铜绿假单胞菌外毒素A、重组铜绿假单胞菌外毒素A己二酸酞脐衍生物、可溶内源性短肽及其修饰物中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,所述伏马毒素B1是先与所述载体蛋白结合后,再包被于所述磁珠上的。
5.根据权利要求1所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,所述纳米金探针的合成步骤是以四氯金酸作为前驱体,维生素C为还原剂,阿拉伯胶为诱导剂进行的。
6.根据权利要求5所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,所述纳米金探针表面具有表面增强拉曼散射热点。
7.根据权利要求5所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,还包括磁珠悬浮液、底物液和终止液。
8.权利要求1-7任一项所述的试剂盒用于检测玉米中伏马毒素B1的方法,其特征在于,包括制备玉米样品的步骤以及对所述玉米样品进行分析的步骤。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,所述制备玉米样品的步骤包括,将研磨的玉米粉使用甲醇水溶液进行萃取,以及对于萃取后的上清液进行过滤的步骤。
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