CN113338076B - 一种含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸及其制备方法和应用。本发明的含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸由以下质量百分比的原料制成：纤维素：9％～50％；氨基酸：50％～91％。本发明的含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸的制备方法包括以下步骤：先将纤维素和氨基酸分散在溶剂中，再进行微波反应、抽滤和干燥，即得含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸。本发明的含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸可以用于检测废水中的金属阳离子是否超标，具有发光强度高、显色性好、检测速度快和稳定性好等优点，且其制备方法简单、绿色环保，适合大面积推广应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及金属离子检测技术领域，具体涉及一种含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸及其制备方法和用于检测废水中金属阳离子的应用。
背景技术
量子点是一种重要的低维半导体材料，其三个维度上的尺寸都不大于对应的半导体材料的激子玻尔半径的两倍。量子点一般为球形或类球形，直径通常在2nm～20nm之间。量子点是一种纳米级别的半导体，通过对这种纳米半导体材料施加一定的电场或光压，它们便会发出特定频率的光，而光的频率会随着半导体尺寸的改变而变化，因而通过调节这种纳米半导体的尺寸就可以控制其发出的光的颜色。
常见的量子点有硅量子点、锗量子点、硫化镉量子点、硒化镉量子点、碲化镉量子点、硒化锌量子点、硫化铅量子点、硒化铅量子点、磷化铟量子点和砷化铟量子点等，这些量子点大多有毒，且对环境也有很大的危害。碳量子点是由无定形结构或纳米晶体结构的sp2/sp3碳内核和外层含氧/氮官能团组成的尺寸小于10nm的单分散球状纳米碳颗粒，是一种具有荧光性质的新型碳基零维纳米碳材料。碳量子点的性能与各种金属量子点类似，其在制备的过程中不涉及重金属的使用，甚至可以直接从食物中提取碳量子点。碳量子点不仅化学惰性较高(原因在于碳性质稳定)，而且在水中具有优异的溶解性(原因在于表面含有很多羧基等亲水性的官能团)，相较于金属量子点，其具有较高的生物相容性和较低的细胞毒性，且对环境危害很小，原料来源广，具有很好的应用前景。碳量子点具有优异的光学性质，不但具有激发/发射可调光的光致发光性能，而且还具备上转换发光、化学致发光和电化学致发光等性质。
金属阳离子能够使碳量子点发生荧光猝灭，这使得碳量子点有望在废水检测领域发挥重要的作用。当废水中铁离子浓度超过0.3mg/L时，废水开始变色产生异味，当废水中铁离子浓度超过5mg/L时，水中活性污泥的形成变慢。当废水中铜离子浓度超过0.1mg/L时，会对水体的自净功能产生抑制效果，当废水中铜离子浓度超过3mg/L时，水体会产生异味。目前，废水中金属阳离子含量检测的常用手段是将废水加入碳量子点溶液中，再测定溶液的荧光光谱，这种方法操作比较繁琐，且不能直接快速判断废水中金属离子是否超标，实际应用的意义并不大。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸及其制备方法和用于检测废水中金属阳离子的应用。
本发明所采取的技术方案是：
一种含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸，其由以下质量百分比的原料制成：纤维素：9％～50％；氨基酸：50％～91％。
优选的，一种含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸，其由以下质量百分比的原料制成：纤维素：9％～17％；氨基酸：83％～91％。
优选的，所述纤维素为阔叶木纤维素、针叶木纤维素、非木材纤维素中的至少一种。
优选的，所述非木材纤维素为玉米苞叶纤维素、麦秆纤维素、蔗渣纤维素、菠萝叶纤维素中的至少一种。
优选的，所述氨基酸为L-组氨酸、赖氨酸、色氨酸、苏氨酸中的至少一种。
进一步优选的，所述氨基酸为L-组氨酸。
上述含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸的制备方法包括以下步骤：先将纤维素和氨基酸分散在溶剂中，再进行微波反应、抽滤和干燥，即得含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸。
优选的，上述含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸的制备方法包括以下步骤：将组氨酸用溶剂分散，再加入纤维素，进行超声分散，再进行微波反应，再离心去掉上清液，再进行抽滤和干燥，即得含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸。
优选的，所述超声分散的时间为5min～15min。
优选的，所述微波反应在100℃～105℃下进行，反应时间为2min～10min。
优选的，所述微波反应的微波功率为500W～800W。
优选的，所述离心的离心机转速为5000r/min～8000r/min。
本发明的原理为：本发明的含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸在进行紫外光照射时，氮掺杂碳量子点会吸收紫外光的能量被激发，当第一电子激发态的最低振动能级跃迁降至基态的各不同振动能级时，则以光的形式发出，从而产生荧光现象，当铜、铁等离子通过氮掺杂碳量子点表面的羟基与氮掺杂碳量子点形成组装结构后会使电荷转移更加容易，抑制了激子的复合，从而产生荧光淬灭现象，因此，采用普通紫外手电筒照射检测纸便可以判断废水中金属阳离子是否超标。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明的含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸可以用于检测废水中的金属阳离子是否超标，具有发光强度高、显色性好、检测速度快和稳定性好等优点，且其制备方法简单、绿色环保，适合大面积推广应用。
具体来说：
1)本发明以反应原料中的纤维素为载体制成纸张，氮掺杂碳量子点附着在纤维素上，纤维素和氮掺杂碳量子点结合牢靠，且避免了氮掺杂碳量子点的凝聚和沉降，得到的含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸均匀稳定、耐酸碱性强，符合相关行业的性能标准；
2)本发明的含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸的荧光强度高、显色性好，进行检测的过程中氮掺杂碳量子点在接触金属阳离子后会发生荧光淬灭，灵敏度高，即使废水中的铁离子浓度低至0.6mg/L、铜离子浓度低至1.5mg/L都可以通过普通紫外手电筒照射检测废水中金属阳离子是否超标，便于直接观察，有利于进行检测；
3)本发明的含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸的制备过程方便快捷，无有机溶剂挥发，不含放射性元素，无毒无害，安全环保。
附图说明
图1为实施例1的含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸滴加铁离子溶液后在紫外灯照射下的呈色效果图。
图2为实施例1的含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸滴加铜离子溶液后在紫外灯照射下的呈色效果图。
图3为实施例1的含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸的外观图。
图4为实施例1的含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸的紫外-可见分光光谱图。
图5为实施例1的含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸的荧光光谱图。
图6为实施例1的含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸的原子力显微镜图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的解释和说明。
实施例1～5中涉及到的原料和仪器的购买途径如下：
L-组氨酸：上海伯奥生物科技有限公司；
KH3200E超声波清洗器：昆山禾创超声仪器有限；
XH100B微波催化合成/萃取仪：北京北京翔鹄科技发展有限公司；
TG16-WS台式高速离心机：湖南湘仪实验室仪器开发有限公司；
SHZ-D(Ⅲ)循环水式真空泵：巩义市予华仪器有限公司；
101型电热鼓风干燥箱：上海锦屏仪器仪表有限公司通州分公司。
实施例1：
一种含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸，其制备方法包括以下步骤：
将83.3g的L-组氨酸和40g的去离子水加入烧杯，搅拌至L-组氨酸完全溶解，再加入16.7g的阔叶木纤维素，搅拌分散，再置于KH3200E超声波清洗器中，超声10min，再转移至XH100B微波催化合成/萃取仪中，调节反应功率至800W，反应6min，再转移至TG16-WS台式高速离心机中，调节转速至6000r/min，进行差速离心后去掉上清液，再用SHZ-D(Ⅲ)循环水式真空泵进行真空抽滤，再对滤得的产物进行水洗，再用101型电热鼓风干燥箱烘干，即得含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸。
性能测试：
1)将几滴铁离子浓度为0.6mg/L的溶液滴加在本实施例的含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸上，稍微风干后在紫外灯(深圳润沃机电有限公司，型号：RW-UVA型)下照射，再参照同样的方法选用铜离子浓度为1.5mg/L的溶液进行测试，得到的呈色效果图依次如图1和图2所示，而本实施例的含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸的外观图(无紫外灯照射)如图3所示。
由图1～图3可知：本发明的含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸在紫外光灯照射下可以呈现淡淡的蓝紫色，滴加了含铁离子或铜离子的溶液后，在紫外灯照射下会发生荧光猝灭现象，通过此现象可以检测废水中金属离子是否超标。
2)本实施例的含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸的紫外-可见分光光谱图如图4所示，荧光光谱图如图5所示，原子力显微镜图如图6所示。
由图4可知：氮掺杂碳量子点对光的吸收主要集中在紫外区域250nm～300nm之间，吸收峰对应氮掺杂碳量子点表面C＝N以及C＝O的n-π*电子的跃迁，其中，最主要是C＝N表面的n-π*电子跃迁。
由图5可知：当激发波长为350nm时，氮掺杂碳量子点的发射波长为440nm，且氮掺杂碳量子点的发射波长范围较宽。
由图6可知：氮掺杂碳量子点的形状接近于圆形，平均直径为7nm～8nm(10nm以内)，纵向尺寸最大值小于10nm，平均高度在4nm～5nm。
3)将本实施例的含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸室温下贮存静置10天，再观察检测纸的状态，测试发现无变色卷曲等异常情况，说明本发明的含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸的状态稳定。
注：
1)紫外-可见分光光谱的检测：使用carry 60紫外-可见分光光度计测量样品；
2)荧光光谱的检测：使用FluoroMax-4荧光光谱仪测量样品；
3)原子力显微镜图：使用Nanoscopollla扫描探针显微镜测量样品。
实施例2：
一种含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸，其制备方法包括以下步骤：
将83.3g的L-组氨酸和40g的去离子水加入烧杯，搅拌至L-组氨酸完全溶解，再加入16.7g的针叶木纤维素，搅拌分散，再置于KH3200E超声波清洗器中，超声10min，再转移至XH100B微波催化合成/萃取仪中，调节反应功率至800W，反应6min，再转移至TG16-WS台式高速离心机中，调节转速至6000r/min，进行差速离心后去掉上清液，再用SHZ-D(Ⅲ)循环水式真空泵进行真空抽滤，再对滤得的产物进行水洗，再用101型电热鼓风干燥箱烘干，即得含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸。
经测试，本实施例制备的含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸的微观结构、呈色效果和储存稳定性都与实施例1的含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸基本相同。
实施例3：
一种含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸，其制备方法包括以下步骤：
将83.3g的L-组氨酸和40g的去离子水加入烧杯，搅拌至L-组氨酸完全溶解，再加入16.7g的玉米苞叶纤维素，搅拌分散，再置于KH3200E超声波清洗器中，超声10min，再转移至XH100B微波催化合成/萃取仪中，调节反应功率至800W，反应6min，再转移至TG16-WS台式高速离心机中，调节转速至6000r/min，进行差速离心后去掉上清液，再用SHZ-D(Ⅲ)循环水式真空泵进行真空抽滤，再对滤得的产物进行水洗，再用101型电热鼓风干燥箱烘干，即得含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸。
经测试，本实施例制备的含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸的微观结构、呈色效果和储存稳定性都与实施例1的含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸基本相同。
实施例4：
一种含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸，其制备方法包括以下步骤：
将88.2g的L-组氨酸和40g的去离子水加入烧杯，搅拌至L-组氨酸完全溶解，再加入11.8g的阔叶木纤维素，搅拌分散，再置于KH3200E超声波清洗器中，超声10min，再转移至XH100B微波催化合成/萃取仪中，调节反应功率至800W，反应5min，再转移至TG16-WS台式高速离心机中，调节转速至6000r/min，进行差速离心后去掉上清液，再用SHZ-D(Ⅲ)循环水式真空泵进行真空抽滤，再对滤得的产物进行水洗，再用101型电热鼓风干燥箱烘干，即得含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸。
经测试，本实施例制备的含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸的微观结构、呈色效果和储存稳定性都与实施例1的含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸基本相同。
实施例5：
一种含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸，其制备方法包括以下步骤：
将90.91g的L-组氨酸和40g的去离子水加入烧杯，搅拌至L-组氨酸完全溶解，再加入9.09g的阔叶木纤维素，搅拌分散，再置于KH3200E超声波清洗器中，超声10min，再转移至XH100B微波催化合成/萃取仪中，调节反应功率至800W，反应4min，再转移至TG16-WS台式高速离心机中，调节转速至6000r/min，进行差速离心后去掉上清液，再用SHZ-D(Ⅲ)循环水式真空泵进行真空抽滤，再对滤得的产物进行水洗，再用101型电热鼓风干燥箱烘干，即得含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸。
经测试，本实施例制备的含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸的微观结构、呈色效果和储存稳定性都与实施例1的含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸基本相同。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (2)
1.一种含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：将L-组氨酸用去离子水分散，再加入纤维素，进行超声分散，再进行微波反应，再离心去掉上清液，再进行真空抽滤，再对滤得的产物进行水洗，再进行烘干，即得含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸；所述含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸由以下质量百分比的原料制成：纤维素：9%～50%；L-组氨酸：50%～91%；所述纤维素为阔叶木纤维素、针叶木纤维素、非木材纤维素中的至少一种；所述超声分散的时间为5min～15min；所述微波反应在100℃～105℃下进行，反应时间为2min～10min；所述微波反应的微波功率为500W～800W；所述离心的离心机转速为5000r/min～8000r/min。
2.一种由权利要求1所述的制备方法制得的含氮掺杂碳量子点的检测纸用于检测废水中金属阳离子的应用。
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| CN108456519A (zh) * | 2018-07-06 | 2018-08-28 | 大连工业大学 | 一种氮掺杂荧光碳量子点及其制备方法 |
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