CN113322116A - 液体辛基化的苯基-α-萘胺组合物 - Google Patents
液体辛基化的苯基-α-萘胺组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
辛基化的苯基‑α‑萘胺和至少一种低分子量芳香酯的液体共混物,其中所述辛基化的苯基‑α‑萘胺以所述共混物的约15重量%至约35重量%存在,以及一种润滑组合物,其包含润滑剂基料和一定量的所述共混物,所述共混物在所述组合物中提供至多2.0重量%的所述辛基化的苯基‑α‑萘胺。
Description
发明背景
发明领域
本发明涉及用于润滑剂的抗氧化剂添加剂,更具体地,涉及(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)-N-苯基-1-萘胺(化学文摘服务编号68259-36-9),或烷基化的苯基-α-萘胺(APANA),优选辛基化的N-苯基-α-萘胺。APANA与液体芳香酯共混以提供稳定的液体形式的APANA,其提供改进的操作质量。本发明还涉及一种润滑剂组合物,其包含润滑剂基料、以及APANA和芳香酯的共混物。
APANA是一种高度有效的抗氧化剂,可应用于广泛范围的润滑剂,包括航空涡轮油、燃气涡轮油、压缩机油、液压流体和发动机油。描述在润滑剂中使用辛基化的苯基-α-萘胺的实例是广泛的,并且可以参见US专利5726135、6326336、8227391、9783759,US专利申请2010/0099589、2013/0252863、2014/0045736、2016/0083671和UK专利2384245。然而,由于润滑剂共混设备难以处理该产品,因此其使用受到限制。主要问题是APANA必须作为粉末处理。这产生许多并发症,其中最重要的是与处理固体相关的增加的成本和由固体的粉尘暴露引起的工人健康风险。固体的熔融由于其高熔点而不实用。因此,在工业上需要提供液体形式的用于改进操作的APANA。
现有技术的讨论
可以以多种不同方式制备辛基化的N-苯基-α-萘胺。其制备的实例可以参见UK专利1046353、US专利3414618和US专利申请2011/0124538 A1。这些制备方法都包括分离作为固体的产物。
已经进行了许多尝试来稀释APANA,APANA是一种能够允许以液体形式输送固体产品的流体。这将消除某些工人对固体的暴露,并减少共混设备中的制造成本。已经尝试在矿物油、聚-α-烯烃、多元醇和多元醇酯中溶解APANA但没有成功。通常,少于1%的APANA可以溶解在这些常见的基液中。这不是将添加剂施加到添加剂包、添加剂包浓缩物或成品流体的实际水平。实际水平会是15重量%或更多的APANA在合适的增溶流体中。迄今为止,这种合适的流体尚未被找到。
发明内容
已经发现,APANA、优选辛基化的N-苯基-α-萘胺可以非常有效地溶解在低分子量的芳香酯(150-350MW)中,水平高达约35%,并且在环境(室温20℃)条件下长期储存时,该组合物是稳定的,没有固体掉落或结晶的迹象。在温和加热(50至60℃)的条件下,可以将更高浓度(高达约50重量%)的APANA溶解在这些芳香酯中。可使用的芳香酯包括邻苯二甲酸酯、间苯二甲酸酯、对苯二甲酸酯、偏苯三酸酯和苯甲酸酯。可使用的具体芳香酯的实例包括偏苯三酸三甲酯、偏苯三酸三乙酯、偏苯三酸三丙酯、偏苯三酸三丁酯、偏苯三酸三-2-乙基己酯、偏苯三酸三异辛酯、偏苯三酸三-2-乙基己酯、偏苯三酸三正辛酯、偏苯三酸三异壬酯、偏苯三酸三异癸酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二丙酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二-2-乙基己酯、邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯、邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯、邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯、邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯、间苯二甲酸二乙酯、间苯二甲酸二丙酯、间苯二甲酸二丁酯、间苯二甲酸二-2-乙基己酯、间苯二甲酸二异辛酯、间苯二甲酸二正辛酯、间苯二甲酸二异壬酯、间苯二甲酸二异癸酯、对苯二甲酸二乙酯、对苯二甲酸二丙酯、对苯二甲酸二丁酯、对苯二甲酸二-2-乙基己酯、对苯二甲酸二异辛酯、对苯二甲酸二正辛酯、对苯二甲酸二异壬酯、对苯二甲酸二异癸酯、苯甲酸2-乙基己酯、苯甲酸异辛酯、苯甲酸正辛酯、苯甲酸异癸酯和苯甲酸苄酯。优选地,反式肉桂酸甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯和/或苯甲酸苄酯用作稀释剂。可以使用一种或多种芳香酯,如以重量计比率为约2:1至约1:2、优选约1:1的邻苯二甲酸二乙酯和苯甲酸苄酯的组合。优选芳香酯的闭口杯闪点高于93.4℃。还优选的是芳香酯的分子量高于150amu,并且在760mmHg下沸点高于300℃。
由一种或多种芳香酯组成的APANA的液体共混物可以通过在室温(20℃)和60℃之间混合固体APANA与一种或多种液体芳香酯来制备。添加的顺序不是关键。该共混物也可以作为用于生产固体APANA的制造方法的一部分来制备,其中在避免生产固体产物的方法中的一个点处添加芳香酯。这是有利的,因为它将节省与分离固体产物相关的相当大的成本,例如避免了溶剂、结晶步骤和过滤步骤。
由一种或多种芳香酯组成的APANA的液体共混物可以在室温或伴随温和加热的条件添加到成品润滑剂、润滑剂添加剂浓缩物或润滑剂添加剂包中。通常不需要加热。用于添加这种共混物的典型实际温度范围为20℃至60℃。更优选的温度是20℃至40℃。最优选的为20℃至35℃。可以将包含APANA和一种或多种芳香酯的共混物倒入或泵入成品流体、添加剂浓缩物或添加剂包中。
由一种或多种芳香酯组成的APANA的液体共混物在成品润滑剂中具有另外的益处。例如,APANA与一种或多种芳香酯的组合应当改善其它添加剂在添加剂包和成品润滑剂中的溶解度。因此,润滑组合物可以包含润滑剂基料,APANA和芳香胺的共混物,以及抗氧化剂、腐蚀抑制剂、防锈剂、抗磨添加剂、有机摩擦改性剂和钼基摩擦改性剂中的一种或多种。
附图的简要说明
图1-4是描绘用于测定共混有30%的辛基化的N-苯基-α-萘胺的苯甲酸苄酯和邻苯二甲酸二乙酯的相对于温度的质量损失的液体共混物的热重分析的曲线图。
图5-7是显示包含不同基础油和本发明的辛基化的N-苯基-α-萘胺/苯甲酸苄酯共混物及APANA/邻苯二甲酸二乙酯共混物的润滑组合物的相对氧化的柱状图。
具体实施方式
在约20℃将辛基化的N-苯基-α-萘胺(可以以1202抗氧化剂从Vanderbilt Chemicals,LLC,Norwalk,CT获得)与低分子量芳香酯共混。低分子量芳香酯优选为苯甲酸苄酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯或两者的混合物。然而,可以预期,本说明书前面所列的所有芳香酯对于所述目的,即为辛基化的N-苯基-α-萘胺提供稳定的液体环境都是有效的。辛基化的N-苯基-α-萘胺在共混物中的量为约15重量%至约35重量%,优选约25重量%至约32重量%,更优选约28重量%至约32重量%,和最优选约30重量%。
本发明还涉及一种润滑组合物,其包含至少85重量%的润滑基料、以及APANA(优选辛基化的N-苯基-α-萘胺)和芳香酯的共混物,其量为在润滑组合物中提供约0.01重量%至约1.0重量%的APANA,优选约0.05重量%至约0.2重量%。
用1202辛基化的N-苯基-α-萘胺(在附图中也标为VL 1202),以在邻苯二甲酸二乙酯中30重量%和40重量%的总辛基化的N-苯基-α-萘胺/酯共混物制备测试样品。在邻苯二甲酸二乙酯中的30%辛基化的N-苯基-α-萘胺在46天后显示良好的储存稳定性。在邻苯二甲酸二乙酯中的30%辛基化的N-苯基-α-萘胺。在邻苯二甲酸二乙酯中的40%辛基化的N-苯基-α-萘胺在13天后显示晶体掉落,表明40%辛基化的N-苯基-α-萘胺太高而不能实现稳定性,因此可接受的限度低于40%。
在1:1(按重量计)的苯甲酸苄酯:邻苯二甲酸二乙酯溶剂混合物中制备30%和40%辛基化的N-苯基-α-萘胺的液体样品。在1:1的苯甲酸苄酯和邻苯二甲酸二乙酯中的30%辛基化的N-苯基-α-萘胺样品在76天后显示出良好的稳定性。下表1显示了30%和40%共混物在稳定性方面的结果。
表1
*存储的样品,冷却以模拟可变的存储温度,然后温和地加热至再溶解。证实了室温稳定性。
保存在冰箱中的样品RTJ 683-113显示晶体掉落。然而,在温和加热至50℃时,固体组分完全溶解并于室温70天后保持澄清。
下表2示出了30%辛基化的N-苯基-α-萘胺(OPANA)共混物的分析性分析
表2
表3
参照图1-4和上表3,进行热重分析(TGA)以评估挥发性,根据重量损失测量以确定共混物变为挥发性的开始温度。较高的开始温度是优选的。与SWD-689-66(邻苯二甲酸二乙酯)相比,SWD-689-61(苯甲酸苄酯)样品的TGA显示出更好的挥发性。
参照图5-7,以0.05、0.1和0.2重量%辛基化的N-苯基-α-萘胺的处理率将辛基化的N-苯基-α-萘胺/苯甲酸苄酯和辛基化的N-苯基-α-萘胺/邻苯二甲酸二乙酯的样品(在共混物中均为30%辛基化的N-苯基-α-萘胺)加入到I类和II类基础油中,并通过RPVOT(旋转压力容器氧化试验)和PDSC(压力差示扫描量热法)评价抗氧化剂活性。这些数据表明,当与单独使用辛基化的N-苯基-α-萘胺相比时,在抗氧化剂保护方面,辛基化的N-苯基-α-萘胺/芳香酯的共混物在可接受的范围内。然而,考虑到处理本发明共混物比固体辛基化的N-苯基-α-萘胺更容易,表明该共混物是固体辛基化的N-苯基-α-萘胺的有利替代。
Claims (14)
1.液体共混物,其包含辛基化的苯基-α-萘胺和至少一种低分子量芳香酯,其中所述辛基化的苯基-α-萘胺以所述共混物的约15重量%至约35重量%存在。
2.根据权利要求1所述的共混物,其中所述芳香酯选自偏苯三酸三甲酯、偏苯三酸三乙酯、偏苯三酸三丙酯、偏苯三酸三丁酯、偏苯三酸三-2-乙基己酯、偏苯三酸三异辛酯、偏苯三酸三-2-乙基己酯、偏苯三酸三正辛酯、偏苯三酸三异壬酯、偏苯三酸三异癸酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二丙酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二-2-乙基己酯、邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯、邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯、邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯、邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯、间苯二甲酸二乙酯、间苯二甲酸二丙酯、间苯二甲酸二丁酯、间苯二甲酸二-2-乙基己酯、间苯二甲酸二异辛酯、间苯二甲酸二正辛酯、间苯二甲酸二异壬酯、间苯二甲酸二异癸酯、对苯二甲酸二乙酯、对苯二甲酸二丙酯、对苯二甲酸二丁酯、对苯二甲酸二-2-乙基己酯、对苯二甲酸二异辛酯、对苯二甲酸二正辛酯、对苯二甲酸二异壬酯、对苯二甲酸二异癸酯、苯甲酸2-乙基己酯、苯甲酸异辛酯、苯甲酸正辛酯、苯甲酸异癸酯、反式-肉桂酸甲酯和苯甲酸苄酯中的一种或多种的组合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的共混物,其中所述辛基化的苯基-α-萘胺以所述共混物的约25重量%至约32重量%存在。
4.根据权利要求3所述的共混物,其中所述辛基化的苯基-α-萘胺以所述共混物的约30重量%存在。
5.根据权利要求1所述的共混物,其中所述芳香酯选自苯甲酸苄酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯及其组合。
6.根据权利要求3所述的共混物,其中所述芳香酯选自苯甲酸苄酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯及其组合。
7.根据权利要求4所述的共混物,其中所述芳香酯选自苯甲酸苄酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯及其组合。
8.润滑组合物,其包含占所述润滑组合物的85重量%或更多的润滑剂基料,以及包含辛基化的苯基-α-萘胺和至少一种芳香酯的液体共混物,其中所述辛基化的苯基-α-萘胺以所述共混物的约15重量%至约35重量%存在,并且所述共混物以在所述润滑组合物中提供约0.01重量%至约1.0重量%的辛基化的苯基-α-萘胺的量存在于所述润滑组合物中。
9.根据权利要求8所述的润滑组合物,其中所述辛基化的苯基-α-萘胺以所述共混物的约25重量%至约32重量%存在。
10.根据权利要求9所述的润滑组合物,其中所述辛基化的苯基-α-萘胺以所述共混物的约30重量%存在。
11.根据权利要求8所述的润滑组合物,其中所述共混物以在所述润滑组合物中提供约0.05重量%至约0.2重量%的辛基化的苯基-α-萘胺的量存在于所述润滑组合物中。
12.根据权利要求9所述的润滑组合物,其中所述共混物以在所述润滑组合物中提供约0.05重量%至约0.2重量%的辛基化的苯基-α-萘胺的量存在于所述润滑组合物中。
13.根据权利要求10所述的润滑组合物,其中所述共混物以在所述润滑组合物中提供约0.05重量%至约0.2重量%的辛基化的苯基-α-萘胺的量存在于所述润滑组合物中。
14.根据权利要求8所述的润滑组合物,其中所述芳香酯选自偏苯三酸三甲酯、偏苯三酸三乙酯、偏苯三酸三丙酯、偏苯三酸三丁酯、偏苯三酸三-2-乙基己酯、偏苯三酸三异辛酯、偏苯三酸三-2-乙基己酯、偏苯三酸三正辛酯、偏苯三酸三异壬酯、偏苯三酸三异癸酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二丙酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二-2-乙基己酯、邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯、邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯、邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯、邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯、间苯二甲酸二乙酯、间苯二甲酸二丙酯、间苯二甲酸二丁酯、间苯二甲酸二-2-乙基己酯、间苯二甲酸二异辛酯、间苯二甲酸二正辛酯、间苯二甲酸二异壬酯、间苯二甲酸二异癸酯、对苯二甲酸二乙酯、对苯二甲酸二丙酯、对苯二甲酸二丁酯、对苯二甲酸二-2-乙基己酯、对苯二甲酸二异辛酯、对苯二甲酸二正辛酯、对苯二甲酸二异壬酯、对苯二甲酸二异癸酯、苯甲酸2-乙基己酯、苯甲酸异辛酯、苯甲酸正辛酯、苯甲酸异癸酯、反式-肉桂酸甲酯和苯甲酸苄酯中的一种或多种的组合。
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