CN113321675A - 手性3-亚甲基吲哚啉化合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
手性3-亚甲基吲哚啉化合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- -1 3-methylene indoline compound Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L caesium carbonate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]C([O-])=O FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 46
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910000024 caesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 8
- QIAQEGLHCKQHOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylidene-1,2-dihydroindole Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(=C)CNC2=C1 QIAQEGLHCKQHOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical group OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001350 alkyl halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- HUCVOHYBFXVBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Cs+] HUCVOHYBFXVBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004970 halomethyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC(C)(C)[O-] MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004765 (C1-C4) haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical group [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- LZWQNOHZMQIFBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;2-methylpropan-2-olate Chemical compound [Li+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LZWQNOHZMQIFBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AZVCGYPLLBEUNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;ethanolate Chemical compound [Li+].CC[O-] AZVCGYPLLBEUNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyloxidanyl Chemical compound [O]C GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RPDAUEIUDPHABB-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium ethoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC[O-] RPDAUEIUDPHABB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BDAWXSQJJCIFIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium methoxide Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C BDAWXSQJJCIFIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium ethoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC[O-] QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000037 tert-butyldiphenylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[Si]([H])([*]C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 5
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 abstract description 34
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 4
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006257 total synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 104
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 64
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 60
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 60
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 44
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 35
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 32
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 16
- KZGWPHUWNWRTEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethynyl-tri(propan-2-yl)silane Chemical group CC(C)[Si](C#C)(C(C)C)C(C)C KZGWPHUWNWRTEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 12
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SJYNFBVQFBRSIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N norbornadiene Chemical compound C1=CC2C=CC1C2 SJYNFBVQFBRSIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004913 cyclooctene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005905 alkynylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentadiene Chemical compound C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SKTCDJAMAYNROS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxycyclopentane Chemical compound COC1CCCC1 SKTCDJAMAYNROS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRKODOZNUZCUBN-CCAGOZQPSA-N (1z,3z)-cycloocta-1,3-diene Chemical compound C1CC\C=C/C=C\C1 RRKODOZNUZCUBN-CCAGOZQPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KSWHBCCHGRULFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dihydroindol-3-ylidenemethanone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=C=O)CNC2=C1 KSWHBCCHGRULFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001361 allenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011914 asymmetric synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000975 bioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004663 cell proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- URYYVOIYTNXXBN-UPHRSURJSA-N cyclooctene Chemical compound C1CCC\C=C/CC1 URYYVOIYTNXXBN-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003402 intramolecular cyclocondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WHRNULOCNSKMGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran thf Chemical compound C1CCOC1.C1CCOC1 WHRNULOCNSKMGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYNNSCRYTDRFCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazene Chemical compound NN=N AYNNSCRYTDRFCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001889 triflyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/0803—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages
- C07F7/081—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te
- C07F7/0812—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te comprising a heterocyclic ring
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机合成技术领域,具体涉及一种手性3-亚甲基吲哚啉化合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
3-亚甲基吲哚啉是一类重要的结构单元,并广泛存在于天然产物和生物活性小分子中。如具有调节细胞增殖作用的alstorisine A结构中便含有一个3-亚甲基吲哚啉核心骨架。同时,通过简单的氧化或还原反应,3-亚甲基吲哚啉可以快速转化为3-羰基吲哚啉或2,3-二取代的吲哚啉。3-亚甲基吲哚啉的合成研究可以为含有该类核心骨架的活性分子的全合成提供方法学基础,具有重要的潜在应用价值。
关于3-亚甲基吲哚啉的不对称合成研究依然非常有限,目前仅有两例报道。2019年,张俊良等人通过钯催化三氟甲磺酰基(Tf)保护的三氮茚和联烯的环化反应,高收率(90%左右)高对映选择性(88%~97%ee)地合成了N-Tf-3-亚甲基吲哚啉衍生物,但是该方法必须以Tf保护的三氮茚为底物,对其它保护基,特别是吸电保护基,均不能适用(Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.,2019,58,11444-11448)。
2021年,李长坤等人以N-芳基磺酰基保护的烯基苯并恶嗪酮为原料,通过钯催化的分子内环化反应合成了手性的N-ArSO2-3-亚甲基吲哚啉衍生物,但产物收率(51~89%)和光学纯度(68~84%ee)较低,且受底物结构影响较大,特别是对于亚甲基上有取代的情形,仅能获得20%ee光学纯度的产物(Chin.Chem.Lett.,2021,32,405-407)。
发明内容
定义
为便于对本发明的理解,除非另外说明的,对本文使用的一些术语、缩写或其它缩略语定义如下。
如本文使用的描述化合物或化学部分“独立地为”应当理解为该术语前所限定的多个化合物或化学部分均应当相互无干扰地、等同地享有其后提供的选择范围,而不应当理解为是对各个基团之间的任何空间连接关系的限定;关于空间连接关系在本文中通过“相互独立”、“相连”等术语表示;应当予以区别;并且,在本发明中,“独立地为”与“分别独立地为”、“分别独立选自”具有基本相同的含义。
如本文使用的描述化学部分“任选地为……”应当理解为该术语前所限定的化学部分本身不是必需的,其可以存在或者不存在,当该化学部分存在时,这些取代基被限定为其后所提供的那些。
如本文使用的描述化合物或化学部分“任选的地被……基团取代”应当理解为该术语前所限定的化合物或化学部分上的取代基不是必需的,其可以不含取代基,当该化合物或化学部分上有取代基取代时,这些取代基被限定为其后所提供的那些。
发明详述
有鉴于此,本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种手性3-亚甲基吲哚啉化合物及其制备方法,本发明提供的手性3-亚甲基吲哚啉化合物的制备方法直接以炔基亚胺为底物与另一份子端炔试剂在含金属铑(I)和手性膦配体的催化体系下反应,得到一类亚甲基端位含取代基的吲哚啉化合物,不仅收率高,对映选择性好,且反应条件温和、原料简单易得、底物适用性广、不必采用N-保护的底物,原子经济性高。
为了实现本发明的目的,一方面,本发明提供一种手性3-亚甲基吲哚啉化合物的制备方法,包括:使式(1)所示炔基亚胺化合物与式(2)所示端炔试剂在催化剂、手性配体和添加剂的作用下反应,得到式(3)化合物;
其中,
R1任选地不存在或为一个或多个独立选自卤素、硝基、三氟甲基、氰基、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C1-4烷胺基或C1-4烷基-O-(C=O)-的基团;
R2为芳基或杂芳基,所述芳基或杂芳基任选地被一个或多个独立选自卤素、硝基、三氟甲基、氰基、C1-4烷基、C1-4卤代烷基、C1-4烷氧基或苯基的基团取代;
R3为氢、C1-4烷基、烯基、芳基、芳基-C1-4烷基,所述芳基或芳基-C1-4烷基中的芳基部分任选地被一个或多个独立选自卤素、硝基、三氟甲基、氰基、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷基-O-(C=O)-的基团取代;
R4a、R4b、R4c分别独立地为C1-4烷基或苯基;
所述催化剂为Rh(I)络合物;
所述手性配体为(R,R)-Ph-BPE,或(S,S)-Ph-BPE;
所述添加剂包括碱和质子源,其中,所述碱选自无机碱、无机碱金属盐或烷氧基碱金属盐;所述质子源选自醇或水。
按照本发明,本发明将式(1)结构的化合物和式(2)结构的化合物进行反应,得到式(3)结构的化合物,其中,原料化合物中:
R1为优选地为1个、2个、3个或4个独立选自F、Cl、Br、I、硝基、三氟甲基、氰基、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、甲氧基、乙氧基、二甲胺基或CH3O(C=O)-的取代基;更优选地为1个或2个独立选自卤素、三氟甲基、甲基的取代基。
R2优选地为苯基、萘基、吡啶基、噻吩基、呋喃基、吡咯基,所述苯基、萘基、吡啶基、噻吩基、呋喃基、吡咯基任选地被1个、2个、3个或4个独立选自F、Cl、Br、I、硝基、三氟甲基、氰基、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、卤代甲基、甲氧基、乙氧基或苯基的基团取代;更优选地为吡啶基或为任选被F、Cl、Br、I、硝基、甲基、卤代甲基、苯基取代的苯基。
R3优选地为H、甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、乙烯基、共轭二烯基、苄基,或任选地被1个、2个、3个或4个独立选自F、Cl、Br、I、硝基、三氟甲基、氰基、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、CH3O(C=O)-、EtO(C=O)-的基团取代的苯基;更优选地为正丙基、乙烯基或任选被CH3O(C=O)-、甲基取代的苯基。
优选地,R4a、R4b、R4c分别独立地为甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基或苯基。
更优选地,R4aR4bR4cSi为TMS、TES、TBS、TBDPS、TIPS。
本发明对于Rh(I)络合物没有特殊的要求,常规Rh(I)络合物均可实现本发明,尽管在收率上会有所差别;在一些实施例中,所述Rh(I)络合物优选地为[Rh(Cp)Cl]2、[Rh(COD)Cl]2、[Rh(COD)(OH)]2、[Rh(COE)Cl]2、Rh(NBD)2BF4中一种或多种,更优选地为[Rh(COD)Cl]2;其中,Cp表示环戊二烯,COD表示环辛二烯,COE表示环辛烯、NBD表示降冰片二烯。
在一些实施例中,所述碱优选地为Li2CO3、Na2CO3、K2CO3、Cs2CO3、LiOtBu、NaOtBu、KOtBu、LiOEt、NaOEt、KOEt、NaOMe、KOMe、CsOH、KOH、NaOH、LiOH中的一种或多种,更优选地为Cs2CO3。
在一些实施例中,所述质子源优选地为MeOH、EtOH、异丙醇、叔丁醇或H2O中的一种或多种;更优选地为H2O。
在一些实施例中,所述的反应在惰性气氛中进行,具体地,所述惰性气氛可以为氩气氛围、氮气氛。
在本发明中,所述的反应在有机溶剂中进行,所述有机溶剂为弱极性或中等极性的溶剂,具体地,所述弱极性或中等极性溶剂为本领域技术人员常规理解和应用的那些,或者是相对于以DMF为强极性溶剂而言的那些。在一些实施例中,所述有机溶剂选自醚类溶剂、酯类溶剂或卤代烷烃类溶剂或其至少二者的混合,所述醚类溶剂、酯类溶剂或卤代烷烃类溶剂为本领域技术人员常规应用或熟知的那些,例如,所述醚类溶剂包括但不限于乙醚、甲基叔丁基醚、环戊基甲醚CPME、四氢呋喃THF、1,4-二氧六环、2-甲基四氢呋喃,所述酯类溶剂包括但不限于乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、丙酸乙酯,所述卤代烷烃溶剂包括但不限于二氯甲烷、氯仿、1,1-二氯乙烷、1,2-二氯乙烷;在一些实施例中,所述有机溶剂优选自THF、1,4-二氧六环、氯仿、二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯中的一种或多种混合,更优选地为THF;在一些实施例中,所述有机溶剂为经过脱氧处理后的溶剂,也叫做无氧溶剂。本发明对混合溶剂的用量没有特殊要求,本领域技术人员可以根据实际条件选择合适的用量。
在一些实施例中,所述的反应的温度为25-70℃,优选地为30~60℃;更优选地为30~50℃,例如30℃、35℃、40℃、45℃、50℃。
在一些实施例中,式(1)与式(2)化合物的物质的量比为1:(1~2),优选地为1:1.5。
在一些实施例中,所述Rh(I)络合物相对于式(1)化合物的加入量为3%~15%mol;优选地为5%~10%mol;在本发明的催化剂用量范围内,催化剂的具体用量可以随反应规模放大而酌情降低;对于克级反应,使用5%的催化剂也能够催化反应顺利完成。
在一些实施例中,所述手性Ph-BPE配体与所述Rh(I)络合物加入的物质的量比为(1~2):1,优选地为(1.2~1.5):1,更优选地为1.2:1。
在一些实施例中,所述碱相对于式(1)化合物的摩尔比为(0.5~3.0):1,优选地为(1.0~2.0):1,进一步优选地为1.5:1。
在一些实施例中,所述质子源相对于式(1)化合物的摩尔比≥5:1,在一些实施例中为(5~100):1,优选地为(10~30):1,进一步优选地为(10~20):1,更优选地为10:1、15:1、20:1、25:1、30:1。质子源的参与对本发明十分重要,部分原料、试剂、溶剂未经严格干燥,可能含有提供足以促进本发明反应进行的所述质子源,例如水,也包括在本发明范围之内。
此外,本发明提供了一种手性3-(2-乙炔基-1-亚甲基)-吲哚啉衍生物的合成方法,包括以THF溶剂,[Rh(COD)Cl]2和手性配体Ph-BPE形成的络合物作为催化剂,以式(1)所示化合物为底物,以式(2)所示硅基端炔作为炔化试剂,以Cs2CO3为碱,H2O为质子源,在30-50℃温度下,在基本无氧环境中,搅拌反应,反应完成后柱层析分离得到目标产物。
另一方面,本发明还提供一种具有式(3)所示结构的手性3-亚甲基吲哚啉化合物,
其中,对R1、R2、R3、R4a、R4b、R4c的定义如前面任一项所述。
在一些实施例中,所述手性3-亚甲基吲哚啉化合物选自如下结构的化合物:
与现有技术相比,本发明提供了的手性3-亚甲基吲哚啉化合物及其制备方法,采用炔基亚胺为底物,与另一份子端炔试剂在含金属铑和手性膦配体的催化体系下发生炔化环化反应,得到亚甲基端位含取代基的吲哚啉化合物,不仅能取得较好的收率和对映选择性,还至少具有以下优势之一:1)反应条件温和,不需要高温加热和使用高沸点溶剂,后处理非常方便;2)原料简单易得,例如炔基亚胺原料可以通过相应的醛和胺经脱水反应以大于95%的收率获得;3)底物适用性广,对不同取代基底物具有很好的容忍性,更无需事先引入含N-保护基或采用具有N-保护基的底物;4)原子经济性高,无需对底物N预先进行保护,能够实现100%的原子利用率。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1和实施例2所得产物3a氨基被4-硝基苯磺酰基(Ns)保护后的单晶衍射图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
序号<sup>a</sup> | 配体 | 溶剂 | T(℃) | Conv.<sup>b</sup>(%) | Yield<sup>b</sup>(%) | ee<sup>c</sup>(%) |
1 | L1 | 1,4-dioxane | 60 | 76 | 15 | 27 |
2 | L2 | 1,4-dioxane | 60 | 56 | 13 | 24 |
3 | L3 | 1,4-dioxane | 60 | 35 | 6 | 22 |
4 | L4 | 1,4-dioxane | 60 | 55 | 19 | 5 |
5 | L5 | 1,4-dioxane | 60 | 77 | 47 | 2 |
6 | L6 | 1,4-dioxane | 60 | 100 | 62 | 50 |
7 | - | 1,4-dioxane | 60 | NR | - | - |
8 | L6 | EtOAc | 60 | 74 | 47 | 67 |
9 | L6 | ClCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>Cl | 60 | 78 | 58 | 61 |
10 | L6 | DMF | 60 | NR | - | - |
11 | L6 | 2-MeTHF | 60 | 71 | 47 | 71 |
12 | L6 | THF | 60 | 100 | 71 | 77 |
a反应在Ar气氛下进行b原料转化率和产物收率通过粗品进行1H NMR分析测定.cHPLC分析测定.NR表示“不反应”。
本发明通过对溶剂筛选,发现采用弱极性或中等极性的溶剂如:乙酸乙酯、1,2-二氯乙烷等普遍能取得更好的收率,特别是醚类溶剂如1,4-二氧六环,四氢呋喃和2-甲基四氢呋喃等,取得结果明显优于其它溶剂,其中当使用四氢呋喃作为溶剂时,反应结果最好,可以得到71%的产率和77%的ee值。
实施例2
序号<sup>a</sup> | Rh(I)络合物 | 溶剂 | Conv.<sup>b</sup>(%) | Yield<sup>b</sup>(%) | ee<sup>c</sup>(%) |
1 | [Rh(COD)Cl]<sub>2</sub> | Cs<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> | 100 | 71 | 77 |
2 | [Rh(Cp)Cl]<sub>2</sub> | Cs<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> | 100 | 47 | 77 |
3 | Rh(NBD)<sub>2</sub>BF<sub>4</sub> | Cs<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> | 100 | 49 | 80 |
4 | [Rh(COD)Cl]<sub>2</sub> | NaO<sup>t</sup>Bu | 93 | 48 | 79 |
5 | [Rh(COD)Cl]<sub>2</sub> | Et<sub>3</sub>N | 40 | 5 | 20 |
a反应在Ar气氛下进行b原料转化率和产物收率通过粗品进行1H NMR分析测定.cHPLC分析测定.NR表示“不反应”。
本发明通过对碱筛选,发现添加无机或有机碱金属盐对反应比较有利,特别是Cs2CO3,在收率和对映选择性上,对于反应有特殊的促进作用。
实施例3
a反应在Ar气氛下进行b原料转化率和产物收率通过粗品进行1H NMR分析测定.cHPLC分析测定NR表示“不反应”。
本发明的反应可以在温和的条件下进行,在对60℃以下温度进行考察发现,随着温度降低,反应立体选择性呈逐步升高趋势,而收率呈逐步下降趋势,当温度为30至60℃之间时,能够在产率和选择性之间维持较好的平衡。
值得一提的是,本发明经初步研究发现,加入一定量Mg2SO4作为添加剂对反应的收率和ee值具有较大影响,随后研究发现,其实是Mg2SO4其中所含少量H2O作为质子源发挥了作用。
实施例4
光学活性3-(2-乙炔基-1-亚甲基)-吲哚啉衍生物3a的合成:
在干燥的Schlenk反应管中,加入搅拌子、原料1a(33mg,0.1mmol),[Rh(COD)Cl]2(5mg,0.01mmol),Cs2CO3(48mg,0.15mmol),(R,R)-Ph-BPE(6mg,0.012mmol),然后抽换氩气三次,加入新蒸THF(2ml),H2O(36ul,2mmol),滴加三异丙基硅基乙炔2a(34ul,0.15mmol),氩气保护下30℃反应,TLC跟踪反应进展。原料反应完后,硅藻土过滤,滤液浓缩并经柱层析分离纯化(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=50:1)得到3a。产率80%,91%ee。黄色固体,Rf=0.4(正己烷:乙酸乙酯=10:1).[α]D 25=-217.50(c=1.00,CHCl3)for 91%ee.Mp=105-108℃.1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm)8.20-8.18(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.60-7.58(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.48-7.41(m,5H),7.08-7.04(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.69-6.67(dd,J=7.4,4.7Hz,2H),6.51-6.47(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),5.83(s,1H),4.34(s,1H),0.99-0.96(d,J=13.7Hz,21H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm)153.77,149.02,147.30,138.29,131.45,131.05,128.70,128.38,128.17,127.98,124.79,124.07,118.98,116.71,114.35,110.48,107.99,99.68,67.14,18.55,11.22.HRMS(ESI):calcd for509.2619,found 509.2619.HPLC:Chiracel OX-H柱(250mm);detected at 254nm;正己烷/异丙醇=100/4;流速=0.6ml/min;保留时间:22.346min(minor),25.414min(major).
实施例5
光学活性3-(2-乙炔基-1-亚甲基)-吲哚啉衍生物3d的合成:
在干燥的Schlenk反应管中,加入搅拌子、原料1d(33mg,0.1mmol),[Rh(COD)Cl]2(5mg,0.01mmol),Cs2CO3(48mg,0.15mmol),(R,R)-Ph-BPE(6mg,0.012mmol),然后抽换氩气三次,加入新蒸THF(2ml),H2O(36ul,2mmol),滴加三异丙基硅基乙炔2a(34ul,0.15mmol),氩气保护下30℃反应,TLC跟踪反应进展。原料反应完后,硅藻土过滤,滤液浓缩并经柱层析分离纯化(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=50:1)得到3d。产率67%,82%ee。黄色油状物Rf=0.4(正己烷:乙酸乙酯=10:1).[α]D 25=-62.37(c=1.00,CHCl3)for 82%ee.1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm)7.50-7.48(d,J=7.0Hz,2H),7.43-7.28(m,7H),7.08-7.04(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),6.69-6.63(dd,J=13.5,7.9Hz,2H),6.49-6.46(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),5.74(s,1H),4.58(s,2H),4.21(s,1H),0.98-0.95(d,J=10.5Hz,21H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm)154.15,148.03,142.46,138.64,136.82,130.70,129.04,128.90,128.59,127.72,127.54,125.24,124.69,118.57,116.14,110.56,108.06,98.84,67.83,45.96,18.60,11.22.HRMS(ESI):calcd for512.2535,found 512.2532.HPLC:Chiracel AS-H and OX-H柱(250mm);detected at 254nm;正己烷/异丙醇=100/7;流速=0.4ml/min;保留时间:19.681min(major),22.379min(minor).
实施例6
光学活性3-(2-乙炔基-1-亚甲基)-吲哚啉衍生物3e的合成:
在干燥的Schlenk反应管中,加入搅拌子、原料1e(36mg,0.1mmol),[Rh(COD)Cl]2(5mg,0.01mmol),Cs2CO3(48mg,0.15mmol),(R,R)-Ph-BPE(6mg,0.012mmol),然后抽换氩气三次,加入新蒸THF(2ml),H2O(36ul,2mmol),滴加三异丙基硅基乙炔2a(34ul,0.15mmol),氩气保护下30℃反应,TLC跟踪反应进展。原料反应完后,硅藻土过滤,滤液浓缩并经柱层析分离纯化(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=50:1)得到3e。产率60%,92%ee。黄色油状物.Rf=0.3(正己烷:乙酸乙酯=10:1).[α]D 25=-7.86(c=1.00,CHCl3)for 92%ee.1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm)7.57-7.52(m,6H),7.48-7.35(m,8H),7.10-7.06(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.72-6.66(dd,J=17.9,7.9Hz,2H),6.51-6.47(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),5.80(s,1H),4.27(s,1H),0.9-0.95(d,J=12.6Hz,21H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm)154.25,148.24,141.27,141.08,140.68,138.76,130.68,128.96,128.74,128.59,127.69,127.59,127.57,127.19,127.10,125.39,124.71,118.52,116.10,110.61,108.1,98.80,67.97,18.61,11.26.HRMS(ESI):calcd for 540.3081,found 540.3079.HPLC:Chiracel AS-H and OX-H柱(250mm);detected at 254nm;正己烷/异丙醇=100/5;流速=0.3ml/min;保留时间:24.612min(major),28.216min(minor).
实施例7
光学活性3-(2-乙炔基-1-亚甲基)-吲哚啉衍生物3f的合成:
在干燥的Schlenk反应管中,加入搅拌子、原料1f(30mg,0.1mmol),[Rh(COD)Cl]2(5mg,0.01mmol),Cs2CO3(48mg,0.15mmol),(R,R)-Ph-BPE(6mg,0.012mmol),然后抽换氩气三次,加入新蒸THF(2ml),H2O(36ul,2mmol),滴加三异丙基硅基乙炔2a(34ul,0.15mmol),氩气保护下30℃反应,TLC跟踪反应进展。原料反应完后,硅藻土过滤,滤液浓缩并经柱层析分离纯化(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=50:1)得到3f。产率68%,90%ee。黄色油状物.Rf=0.4(正己烷:乙酸乙酯=10:1).[α]D 25=-145.76(c=1.00,CHCl3)for 90%ee.1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm)7.51-7.49(m,2H),7.44-7.35(m,3H),7.32-7.26(m,1H),7.21-7.19(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.12-7.05(m,2H),7.00-6.96(td,J=8.3,1.9Hz,1H),6.69-6.64(dd,J=11.2,7.9Hz,2H),6.50-6.47(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),5.73(s,1H),4.23(s,1H),1.00-0.97(m,21H).13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm)163.01(d,J=246.3Hz),154.02,147.69,144.62(d,J=6.5Hz),138.58,130.76,130.24(d,J=8.1Hz),128.88,128.61,128.19,127.77,125.15,124.71,122.79(d,J=2.8Hz),118.68,116.39,114.33(dd,J=39.8,21.4Hz),110.54,107.98,99.02,67.66(d,J=1.2Hz),18.57,11.21.HRMS(ESI):calcd for482.2674,found 482.2655.HPLC:Chiracel AS-H and OX-H柱(250mm);detected at254nm;正己烷/异丙醇=100/7;流速=0.4ml/min;保留时间:16.632min(major),18.636min(minor).
实施例8
光学活性3-(2-乙炔基-1-亚甲基)-吲哚啉衍生物3g的合成:
在干燥的Schlenk反应管中,加入搅拌子、原料1g(36mg,0.1mmol),[Rh(COD)Cl]2(5mg,0.01mmol),Cs2CO3(48mg,0.15mmol),(R,R)-Ph-BPE(6mg,0.012mmol),然后抽换氩气三次,加入新蒸THF(2ml),H2O(36ul,2mmol),滴加三异丙基硅基乙炔2a(34ul,0.15mmol),氩气保护下30℃反应,TLC跟踪反应进展。原料反应完后,硅藻土过滤,滤液浓缩并经柱层析分离纯化(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=50:1)得到3g。产率78%,92%ee。黄色油状物.Rf=0.4(正己烷:乙酸乙酯=10:1).[α]D 25=-135.82(c=1.00,CHCl3)for 92%ee.1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm)7.50-7.46(m,3H),7.41-7.32(m,4H),7.30-7.28(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.18-7.14(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.06-7.02(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),6.67-6.60(dd,J=19.9,7.9Hz,2H),6.47-7.43(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),5.67(s,1H),4.18(s,1H),0.97-0.93(m,21H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm)153.88,147.59,144.46,138.53,130.79,130.78,130.46,128.88,128.62,127.79,125.52,125.15,124.65,122.72,118.66,116.43,110.56,107.91,99.21,67.64,18.69,18.58,11.22.HRMS(ESI):calcd for542.1873,found542.1863.HPLC:Chiracel AS-H and OX-H柱(250mm);detected at 254nm;正己烷/异丙醇=100/5;流速=0.3ml/min;保留时间:23.403min(major),27.836min(minor).
实施例9
光学活性3-(2-乙炔基-1-亚甲基)-吲哚啉衍生物3h的合成:
在干燥的Schlenk反应管中,加入搅拌子、原料1h(33mg,0.1mmol),[Rh(COD)Cl]2(5mg,0.01mmol),Cs2CO3(48mg,0.15mmol),(R,R)-Ph-BPE(6mg,0.012mmol),然后抽换氩气三次,加入新蒸THF(2ml),H2O(36ul,2mmol),滴加三异丙基硅基乙炔2a(34ul,0.15mmol),氩气保护下30℃反应,TLC跟踪反应进展。原料反应完后,硅藻土过滤,滤液浓缩并经柱层析分离纯化(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=50:1)得到3h。产率68%,88%ee。黄色油状物.Rf=0.3(正己烷:乙酸乙酯=10:1).[α]D 25=-77.16(c=1.00,CHCl3)for 88%ee.1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm)8.24(s,1H),8.14-8.12(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.74-7.72(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.48-7.37(m,6H),7.08-7.04(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.68-6.62(dd,J=12.5,8.0Hz,2H),6.50-7.46(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),5.82(s,1H),4.32(s,1H),0.94-0.89(d,J=18.2Hz,21H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm)153.60,148.46,147.31,144.26,138.30,133.28,131.08,129.83,128.80,128.71,127.97,124.74,122.69,122.59,118.97,116.81,110.52,107.90,99.65,67.13,29.70,18.50,11.15.HRMS(ESI):calcd for509.2619,found509.2619.HPLC:Chiracel AS-H and OX-H柱(250mm);detected at 254nm;正己烷/异丙醇=100/7;流速=0.4ml/min;保留时间:26.034min(major),36.181min(minor).
实施例10
光学活性3-(2-乙炔基-1-亚甲基)-吲哚啉衍生物3j的合成:
在干燥的Schlenk反应管中,加入搅拌子、原料1j(28mg,0.1mmol),[Rh(COD)Cl]2(5mg,0.01mmol),Cs2CO3(48mg,0.15mmol),(R,R)-Ph-BPE(6mg,0.012mmol),然后抽换氩气三次,加入新蒸THF(2ml),H2O(36ul,2mmol),滴加三异丙基硅基乙炔2a(34ul,0.15mmol),氩气保护下30℃反应,TLC跟踪反应进展。原料反应完后,硅藻土过滤,滤液浓缩并经柱层析分离纯化(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=50:1)得到3j。产率66%,76%ee。黄色油状物.Rf=0.4(正己烷:乙酸乙酯=4:1).[α]D 25=-153.02(c=1.00,CHCl3)for 76%ee.1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm)8.65(s,1H),8.51-8.50(m,1H),7.66-7.64(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.47-7.45(d,J=7.1Hz,2H),7.41-7.36(m,3H),7.23-7.21(m,1H),7.07-7.03(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),6.67-6.62(dd,J=13.6,8.0Hz,2H),6.48-6.44(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),5.74(s,1H),4.28(s,3H),0.94(d,J=14.9Hz,21H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm)153.87,149.17,149.02,147.45,138.41,137.73,134.25,130.91,128.83,128.65,127.86,124.96,124.69,123.78,118.78,110.52,99.41,65.74,29.70,18.85,18.45,11.19.HRMS(ESI):calcd for465.2721,found 465.2718.HPLC:Chiracel AS-H and OX-H柱(250mm);detected at254nm;正己烷/异丙醇=100/7;流速=0.4ml/min;保留时间:28.083min(major),32.981min(minor).
实施例11
光学活性3-(2-乙炔基-1-亚甲基)-吲哚啉衍生物3k的合成:
在干燥的Schlenk反应管中,加入搅拌子、原料1k(39mg,0.1mmol),[Rh(COD)Cl]2(5mg,0.01mmol),Cs2CO3(48mg,0.15mmol),(R,R)-Ph-BPE(6mg,0.012mmol),然后抽换氩气三次,加入新蒸THF(2ml),H2O(36ul,2mmol),滴加三异丙基硅基乙炔2a(34ul,0.15mmol),氩气保护下30℃反应,TLC跟踪反应进展。原料反应完后,硅藻土过滤,滤液浓缩并经柱层析分离纯化(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=50:1)得到3k。产率65%,87%ee。黄色油状物.Rf=0.3(正己烷:乙酸乙酯=10:1).[α]D 25=-390.57(c=1.00,CHCl3)for 87%ee.1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm)8.19-8.17(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.57-7.55(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.42(s,5H),7.29-7.27(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),6.79(s,1H),6.65-6.63(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),5.88(s,1H),4.64(s,1H),0.95(d,J=14.2Hz,21H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm)155.43,148.15,147.56,145.39,137.58,128.98,128.55,128.41,128.33-127.87(m),125.70,124.41,124.19,121.99(q,J=3.9Hz),120.81,120.49,118.78,109.33,107.26,101.36,67.27,18.54,11.21.HRMS(ESI):calcd for577.2493,found 577.2490.HPLC:Chiracel OX×2柱(250mm);detected at 254nm;正己烷/异丙醇=100/10;流速=0.6ml/min;保留时间:13.568min(minor),15.044min(major).
实施例12
光学活性3-(2-乙炔基-1-亚甲基)-吲哚啉衍生物3l的合成:
在干燥的Schlenk反应管中,加入搅拌子、原料1l(34mg,0.1mmol),[Rh(COD)Cl]2(5mg,0.01mmol),Cs2CO3(48mg,0.15mmol),(R,R)-Ph-BPE(6mg,0.012mmol),然后抽换氩气三次,加入新蒸THF(2ml),H2O(36ul,2mmol),滴加三异丙基硅基乙炔2a(34ul,0.15mmol),氩气保护下30℃反应,TLC跟踪反应进展。原料反应完后,硅藻土过滤,滤液浓缩并经柱层析分离纯化(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=50:1)得到3l。产率63%,82%ee。黄色油状物.Rf=0.4(正己烷:乙酸乙酯=10:1).[α]D 25=-5.56(c=1.00,CHCl3)for 82%ee.1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm)8.16-8.15(d,J=7.7Hz,2H),7.56-7.54(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.43-7.37(m,5H),6.91-6.89(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),6.59-6.57(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),6.44(s,1H),5.78(s,1H),4.15(s,1H),2.02(s,3H),0.96-0.92(d,J=13.9Hz,21H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm)151.82,149.25,147.49,147.36,138.32,131.95,128.79,128.61,128.34,128.11,127.97,125.14,124.09,116.46,110.56,108.06,99.49,67.50,20.88,18.56,11.24,1.03.HRMS(ESI):calcd for523.2775,found 523.2770.HPLC:Chiracel AS-H andOX-H柱(250mm);detected at 254nm;正己烷/异丙醇=100/7;流速=0.2ml/min;保留时间:46.389min(minor),50.021min(major).
实施例13
光学活性3-(2-乙炔基-1-亚甲基)-吲哚啉衍生物3n的合成:
在干燥的Schlenk反应管中,加入搅拌子、原料1n(36mg,0.1mmol),[Rh(COD)Cl]2(5mg,0.01mmol),Cs2CO3(48mg,0.15mmol),(R,R)-Ph-BPE(6mg,0.012mmol),然后抽换氩气三次,加入新蒸THF(2ml),H2O(36ul,2mmol),滴加三异丙基硅基乙炔2a(34ul,0.15mmol),氩气保护下30℃反应,TLC跟踪反应进展。原料反应完后,硅藻土过滤,滤液浓缩并经柱层析分离纯化(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=50:1)得到3n。产率62%,90%ee。红色油状物.Rf=0.3(正己烷:乙酸乙酯=10:1).[α]D 25=-96.54(c=1.00,CHCl3)for 90%ee.1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm)8.19-8.17(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),7.56-8.53(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),7.41-7.36(m,5H),6.61(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),6.52-6.50(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),6.44-6.41(dd,J=8.4,1.7Hz,1H),5.82(s,1H),4.38(s,1H),0.96-0.91(m,21H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm)154.40,148.48,147.49,145.76,138.03,136.67,128.83,128.62,128.19,128.15,125.38,124.15,123.37,119.14,117.26,110.15,107.64,100.47,67.45,18.54,11.20.HRMS(ESI):calcdfor 543.2229,found 543.2210.HPLC:Chiracel AS-H and OX-H柱(250mm);detected at 254nm;正己烷/异丙醇=100/7;流速=0.4ml/min;保留时间:29.031min(minor),33.512min(major).
实施例14
光学活性3-(2-乙炔基-1-亚甲基)-吲哚啉衍生物3o的合成:
在干燥的Schlenk反应管中,加入搅拌子、原料1o(40mg,0.1mmol),[Rh(COD)Cl]2(5mg,0.01mmol),Cs2CO3(48mg,0.15mmol),(R,R)-Ph-BPE(6mg,0.012mmol),然后抽换氩气三次,加入新蒸THF(2ml),H2O(36ul,2mmol),滴加三异丙基硅基乙炔2a(34ul,0.15mmol),氩气保护下30℃反应,TLC跟踪反应进展。原料反应完后,硅藻土过滤,滤液浓缩并经柱层析分离纯化(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=50:1)得到3o。产率73%,94%ee。黄色固体.Yellowsolid.Rf=0.4(正己烷:乙酸乙酯=10:1).[α]D 25=-144.72(c=1.00,CHCl3)for 90%ee.1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm)8.18-8.16(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),7.55-7.53(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),7.41-7.36(m,5H),6.78(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),6.9-6.56(dd,J=8.4,1.5Hz,1H),6.46-6.44(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),5.81(s,1H),4.38(s,1H),0.96-0.92(m,21H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm)154.52,148.45,147.49,145.81,138.02,128.83,128.58,128.20,128.14,125.62,124.94,124.15,123.79,121.99,117.49,113.10,107.63,100.63,67.34,18.54,11.19.HRMS(ESI):calcd for587.1724,found 587.1724.HPLC:Chiracel AS-H and OX-H柱(250mm);detected at 254nm;正己烷/异丙醇=100/7;流速=0.4ml/min;保留时间:29.297min(minor),35.099min(major).
实施例15
光学活性3-(2-乙炔基-1-亚甲基)-吲哚啉衍生物3q的合成:
在干燥的Schlenk反应管中,加入搅拌子、原料1q(38mg,0.1mmol),[Rh(COD)Cl]2(5mg,0.01mmol),Cs2CO3(48mg,0.15mmol),(R,R)-Ph-BPE(6mg,0.012mmol),然后抽换氩气三次,加入新蒸THF(2ml),H2O(36ul,2mmol),滴加三异丙基硅基乙炔2a(34ul,0.15mmol),氩气保护下30℃反应,TLC跟踪反应进展。原料反应完后,硅藻土过滤,滤液浓缩并经柱层析分离纯化(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=50:1)得到3q。产率51%,84%ee。黄色油状物.Rf=0.4(正己烷:乙酸乙酯=10:1).[α]D 25=-144.3(c=1.00,CHCl3)for 84%ee.1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm)8.41-8.39(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),8.18-8.16(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),8.09-8.07(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.56-7.53(dd,J=8.4,4.7Hz,3H),7.12-7.08(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),6.68-6.64(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),6.51-6.47(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),5.80(s,1H),4.34(s,1H),3.95(s,3H),1.06-0.83(m,21H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm)166.87,154.02,148.18,143.13,131.54,130.49,130.06,129.62,128.96,128.17,124.76,124.33,124.15,119.15,115.45,110.67,107.26,100.46,67.35,52.21,18.54,11.20.HRMS(ESI):calcd for567.2674,found 567.2668.HPLC:Chiracel AS-H and OX-H柱(250mm);detected at254nm;正己烷/异丙醇=100/7;流速=0.4ml/min;保留时间:48.220min(minor),56.946min(major).
实施例16
光学活性3-(2-乙炔基-1-亚甲基)-吲哚啉衍生物3r的合成:
在干燥的Schlenk反应管中,加入搅拌子、原料1r(34mg,0.1mmol),[Rh(COD)Cl]2(5mg,0.01mmol),Cs2CO3(48mg,0.15mmol),(R,R)-Ph-BPE(6mg,0.012mmol),然后抽换氩气三次,加入新蒸THF(2ml),H2O(36ul,2mmol),滴加三异丙基硅基乙炔2a(34ul,0.15mmol),氩气保护下30℃反应,TLC跟踪反应进展。原料反应完后,硅藻土过滤,滤液浓缩并经柱层析分离纯化(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=50:1)得到3r。产率67%,86%ee。黄色油状物.Rf=0.3(正己烷:乙酸乙酯=10:1).[α]D 25=-129.82(c=1.00,CHCl3)for 86%ee.1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm)8.20-8.17(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),7.59-7.57(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),7.37-7.35(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.24-7.22(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.11-7.07(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.78-6.76(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),6.68-6.66(d,J=7.9Hz,1H).6.54-6.50(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),5.82(s,1H),4.33(s,1H),2.43(s,3H),1.07-0.92(m,21H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm)153.70,149.11,147.35,146.94,137.74,135.23,130.92,129.36,128.61,128.15,124.98,124.80,124.07,118.96,116.84,110.45,99.29,67.18,21.38,18.70,18.57,11.24.HRMS(ESI):calcd for 523.2775,found 523.2770.HPLC:Chiracel AS-H and OX-H柱(250mm);detected at 254nm;正己烷/异丙醇=100/4;流速=0.3ml/min;保留时间:42.629min(minor),46.966min(major).
实施例17
光学活性3-(2-乙炔基-1-亚甲基)-吲哚啉衍生物3s的合成:
在干燥的Schlenk反应管中,加入搅拌子、原料1s(28mg,0.1mmol),[Rh(COD)Cl]2(5mg,0.01mmol),Cs2CO3(48mg,0.15mmol),(R,R)-Ph-BPE(6mg,0.012mmol),然后抽换氩气三次,加入新蒸THF(2ml),H2O(36ul,2mmol),滴加三异丙基硅基乙炔2a(34ul,0.15mmol),氩气保护下30℃反应,TLC跟踪反应进展。原料反应完后,硅藻土过滤,滤液浓缩并经柱层析分离纯化(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=50:1)得到3s。产率63%,68%ee。Yellow oil.Rf=0.4(正己烷:乙酸乙酯=10:1).[α]D 25=-234.3(c=1.00,CHCl3)for 68%ee.1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm)8.13-8.14(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),7.64-7.62(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.47-7.45(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),7.26–7.18(m,2H),6.86-7.82(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.71-6.69(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),5.84-5.80(d,J=16.7Hz,1H),5.73(s,1H),5.39-5.36(d,J=10.5Hz,1H),4.26(s,1H),1.02-0.92(m,21H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm)154.03,148.57,147.40,146.61,131.87,131.12,127.99,126.07,125.28,124.10,119.77,118.22,116.02,110.76,103.93,100.33,67.59,18.60,11.25.HRMS(ESI):calcd for459.2462,found459.2460.HPLC:Chiracel AS-H柱(250mm);detected at 254nm;正己烷/异丙醇=100/7;流速=0.5ml/min;保留时间:13.697min(minor),15.831min(major).
实施例18
光学活性3-(2-乙炔基-1-亚甲基)-吲哚啉衍生物3t的合成:
在干燥的Schlenk反应管中,加入搅拌子、原料1t(29mg,0.1mmol),[Rh(COD)Cl]2(5mg,0.01mmol),Cs2CO3(48mg,0.15mmol),(R,R)-Ph-BPE(6mg,0.012mmol),然后抽换氩气三次,加入新蒸THF(2ml),H2O(36ul,2mmol),滴加三异丙基硅基乙炔2a(34ul,0.15mmol),氩气保护下30℃反应,TLC跟踪反应进展。原料反应完后,硅藻土过滤,滤液浓缩并经柱层析分离纯化(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=50:1)得到3t。产率65%,52%ee。黄色固体.Rf=0.4(正己烷:乙酸乙酯=10:1).[α]D 25=-156.7(c=1.00,CHCl3)for 53%ee.1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm)8.11-8.09(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),7.49-7.44(dd,J=12.6,8.3Hz,3H),7.16-7.12(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.83-6.79(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),6.69-6.67(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),5.65(s,1H),4.21(s,1H),2.65-2.50(dtd,J=21.7,14.4,7.4Hz,2H),1.75-1.66(dq,J=14.9,7.4Hz,2H),1.06–0.97(m,24H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm)153.49,149.38,147.28,145.56,130.33,127.92,125.68,125.37,123.98,119.39,117.78,110.42,108.38,98.85,66.93,34.91,21.45,18.59,13.95,11.26.HRMS(ESI):calcd for475.2775,found 475.2769.HPLC:Chiracel OD×2柱(250mm);detected at 254nm;正己烷/异丙醇=100/1.5;流速=0.8ml/min;保留时间:27.121min(major),32.151min(minor).
实施例19
光学活性3-(2-乙炔基-1-亚甲基)-吲哚啉衍生物3a的克级制备:
在干燥的茄形瓶中,加入搅拌子、原料1a(1.012g,3.1mmol),[Rh(COD)Cl]2(77mg,0.155mmol),Cs2CO3(1.414g,4.34mmol),(R,R)-Ph-BPE(94mg,0.186mmol),然后抽换氩气三次,加入新蒸THF(40ml),H2O(840ul,46.5mmol),滴加三异丙基硅基乙炔2a(974ul,4.34mmol),氩气保护下30℃反应,TLC跟踪反应进展。原料反应完后,硅藻土过滤,滤液浓缩并经柱层析分离纯化(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=50:1)得到3a 1.135g。产率72%,88%ee。
Claims (10)
1.手性3-亚甲基吲哚啉化合物的制备方法,包括:使式(1)所示炔基亚胺化合物与式(2)所示端炔试剂在催化剂、手性配体和添加剂的作用下反应,得到式(3)化合物;
其中,
R1任选地为一个或多个独立选自卤素、硝基、三氟甲基、氰基、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C1-4烷胺基或C1-4烷基-O-(C=O)-的基团;
R2为芳基或杂芳基,所述芳基或杂芳基任选地被一个或多个独立选自卤素、硝基、三氟甲基、氰基、C1-4烷基、C1-4卤代烷基、C1-4烷氧基或苯基的基团取代;
R3为氢、C1-4烷基、烯基、芳基、芳基-C1-4烷基,所述芳基或芳基-C1-4烷基中的芳基部分任选地被一个或多个独立选自卤素、硝基、三氟甲基、氰基、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷基-O-(C=O)-的基团取代;
R4a、R4b、R4c分别独立地为C1-4烷基或苯基;
所述催化剂为Rh(I)络合物;
所述手性配体为(R,R)-Ph-BPE或(S,S)-Ph-BPE;
所述添加剂包括碱和质子源,其中,所述碱选自无机碱、无机碱金属盐或烷氧基碱金属盐;所述质子源选自醇或水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的手性3-亚甲基吲哚啉化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,
R1为1个、2个、3个或4个独立选自F、Cl、Br、I、硝基、三氟甲基、氰基、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、甲氧基、乙氧基、二甲胺基或CH3O(C=O)-的取代基;
R2为苯基、萘基、吡啶基、噻吩基、呋喃基、吡咯基,所述苯基、萘基、吡啶基、噻吩基、呋喃基、吡咯基任选地被1个、2个、3个或4个独立选自F、Cl、Br、I、硝基、三氟甲基、氰基、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、卤代甲基、甲氧基、乙氧基或苯基的基团取代;
R3为H、甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、乙烯基、共轭二烯基、苄基,或任选地被1个、2个、3个或4个独立选自F、Cl、Br、I、硝基、三氟甲基、氰基、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、CH3O(C=O)-、EtO(C=O)-的基团取代的苯基;
R4a、R4b、R4c分别独立地为甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基或苯基。
3.根据权利要求1所述的手性3-亚甲基吲哚啉化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,
R1为1个或2个独立选自卤素、三氟甲基、甲基的取代基;
且/或,R2为吡啶基或为任选被F、Cl、Br、I、硝基、甲基、卤代甲基、苯基取代的苯基;
且/或,R3为正丙基、乙烯基或任选被CH3O(C=O)-、甲基取代的苯基;
且/或,R4aR4bR4cSi为TMS、TES、TBS、TBDPS、TIPS。
4.根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的手性3-亚甲基吲哚啉化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述Rh(I)络合物选自[Rh(Cp)Cl]2、[Rh(COD)Cl]2、[Rh(COD)(OH)]2、[Rh(COE)Cl]2、Rh(NBD)2BF4中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1至3所述的手性3-亚甲基吲哚啉化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述碱选自Li2CO3、Na2CO3、K2CO3、Cs2CO3、LiOtBu、NaOtBu、KOtBu、LiOEt、NaOEt、KOEt、NaOMe、KOMe、CsOH、KOH、NaOH、LiOH中的一种或多种;
且/或,所述质子源选自MeOH、EtOH、异丙醇、叔丁醇或H2O中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的手性3-亚甲基吲哚啉化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述碱相对于式(1)化合物的摩尔比为(1.0~2.0):1。
7.根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的手性3-亚甲基吲哚啉化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述质子源相对于式(1)化合物的摩尔比为(5~100):1。
8.根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的手性3-亚甲基吲哚啉化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的反应的溶剂选自醚类溶剂、酯类溶剂或卤代烷烃类溶剂或其至少二者的混合。
9.根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的手性3-亚甲基吲哚啉化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的反应的温度为25-70℃。
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