CN113308068A - 耐高温pvc泡沫及其制备方法 - Google Patents

耐高温pvc泡沫及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113308068A
CN113308068A CN202110735174.2A CN202110735174A CN113308068A CN 113308068 A CN113308068 A CN 113308068A CN 202110735174 A CN202110735174 A CN 202110735174A CN 113308068 A CN113308068 A CN 113308068A
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张�成
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Abstract

本发明属于PVC材料技术领域,具体的涉及一种耐高温PVC泡沫及其制备方法。所述的耐高温PVC泡沫,原料由聚氯乙烯树脂、氯化聚氯乙烯树脂、苯乙烯‑丙烯腈共聚物、芳香族聚酰亚胺粉末、异氰酸酯、酸酐、发泡剂、增塑剂、硬脂酸锌和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚组成。本发明所述的耐高温PVC泡沫,基体树脂中使用氯化聚氯乙烯树脂与聚氯乙烯树脂复配,然后与异氰酸酯和酸酐进行接枝交联,经发泡剂发泡,在发泡过程中,添加壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚,控制发泡过程中泡孔孔径的均匀性,从而使得制备得到的PVC泡沫具有较高的玻璃化转变温度、阻燃性能和力学性能。本发明所述的耐高温PVC泡沫的制备方法,制备工艺简单,参数易于控制。

Description

耐高温PVC泡沫及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于PVC材料技术领域,具体的涉及一种耐高温PVC泡沫及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚氯乙烯是具有较高力学性能的通用塑料,其泡沫制品同时也具有质轻、耐化学腐蚀作用、阻燃、原料来源丰富等优异性能。但是,由于PVC的耐冲击性能差、耐热变形性及热稳定性不佳,不可以在较高的温度下使用,在很大程度上限制了PVC泡沫塑料的应用范围。因此,制备高耐热性、高性能的PVC泡沫塑料成为现如今泡沫塑料研究领域的一大热点。
PVC本身不耐高温,市售的硬质交联PVC泡沫材料的热变形温度低,使泡沫材料的使用温度限制在一定温度下。且有专利公开报道,使用特定的酸酐与PVC树脂,可以制备性能优异的硬质交联PVC泡沫材料。但是,特定原料的选择,增加了工艺控制难度,限制了工艺参数。为了扩展硬质交联PVC泡沫材料在轨道交通、建筑节能、风力发电、船舶、航空航天等领域的应用,要求泡沫材料在一定的机械性能的基础上,具有较高的使用温度上限,故而制备具有高玻璃化转变温度、耐热性的硬质PVC泡沫材料成为当今研究的热点方向。
发明内容
本发明的目的是:提供一种耐高温PVC泡沫。该耐高温PVC泡沫具有高的玻璃化转变温度、阻燃性能和力学性能。本发明同时提供了其制备方法。
本发明所述的耐高温PVC泡沫,以重量份数计,由以下原料组成:聚氯乙烯树脂100份、氯化聚氯乙烯树脂25-30份、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物10-15份、芳香族聚酰亚胺粉末2-3份、异氰酸酯65-70份、酸酐30-35份、发泡剂6-8份、增塑剂5-8份、硬脂酸锌1.5-2.0份和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚1.5-2.5份。
其中:
所述的芳香族聚酰亚胺粉末是由3,3’,4,4’-联苯四酸二酐与2,3,3’4’-联苯四羧酸的混合物与4,4’-二氨基二苯醚与2,2’-二苯基-4,4’-二氨基联苯的混合物于四氢呋喃溶液中经缩聚-亚胺化反应,制备得到芳香族聚酰亚胺溶液,然后经脱水,制备得到芳香族聚酰亚胺。
苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物的添加,有利于增强制备的PVC泡沫的抗热变形性和几何稳定性,增强了其承受载荷的能力。
所述的异氰酸酯为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯或碳化二亚胺改性二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的一种。
所述的酸酐为邻苯二甲酸酐、二苯醚四甲酸二酐、丁二酸酐或甲基六氢邻苯二甲酸酐中的至少两种。
所述的发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺与N,N-二亚硝基五亚甲基四胺的混合物,其中,偶氮二甲酰胺与N,N-二亚硝基五亚甲基四胺的质量比为1:0.3-0.5。
所述的增塑剂为磷酸三甲苯酯与邻苯二甲酸二辛酯的混合物。
壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚是一种非离子表面活性剂,它的添加有利于降低泡沫的表面张力,起到稳定气泡的作用,细化泡孔,从而提高PVC泡沫的耐高温性能。
本发明所述的耐高温PVC泡沫的制备方法,由以下步骤组成:
(1)将原料按照一定的重量份数称量后,固体原料经粉碎,添加到液体原料中混合均匀;
(2)将步骤(1)制备得到的糊状料倒入预热至180-185℃的模具中,在180-185℃,25-27MPa的热压机上热压成型,热压机自然冷却至35-40℃,从模具中取出模压发泡物;
(3)将模压发泡物于90-100℃的饱和水蒸汽中进行二次发泡,然后放入80-85℃的饱和蒸汽中进行固化处理,制备得到耐高温PVC泡沫。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明所述的耐高温PVC泡沫,添加芳香族聚酰亚胺粉末,所述的芳香族聚酰亚胺粉末是由3,3’,4,4’-联苯四酸二酐与2,3,3’4’-联苯四羧酸的混合物与4,4’-二氨基二苯醚与2,2’-二苯基-4,4’-二氨基联苯的混合物经缩聚-亚胺化反应制备得到的,是一种具有耐高温性能性能的芳香族聚酰亚胺,然后与苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物复配使用,将其添加到PVC树脂中,有利于增强制备的PVC泡沫的抗热变形性和几何稳定性,增强了其承受载荷的能力提高了制备的PVC泡沫的耐高温性能。
(2)本发明所述的耐高温PVC泡沫,基体树脂中使用氯化聚氯乙烯树脂与聚氯乙烯树脂复配,然后与异氰酸酯和酸酐进行接枝交联,经发泡剂发泡,在发泡过程中,添加壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚,控制发泡过程中泡孔孔径的均匀性,从而使得制备得到的PVC泡沫具有较高的玻璃化转变温度、阻燃性能和力学性能。
(3)本发明所述的耐高温PVC泡沫的制备方法,制备工艺简单,参数易于控制,制备得到的聚氯乙烯泡沫的性能优异。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
实施例1
本实施例1所述的耐高温PVC泡沫,以重量份数计,由以下原料组成:聚氯乙烯树脂100份、氯化聚氯乙烯树脂30份、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物13份、芳香族聚酰亚胺粉末3份、异氰酸酯70份、酸酐35份、发泡剂8份、增塑剂7份、硬脂酸锌1.5份和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚2.5份。
其中:
所述的芳香族聚酰亚胺粉末是由3,3’,4,4’-联苯四酸二酐与2,3,3’4’-联苯四羧酸的混合物与4,4’-二氨基二苯醚与2,2’-二苯基-4,4’-二氨基联苯的混合物于四氢呋喃溶液中经缩聚-亚胺化反应,制备得到芳香族聚酰亚胺溶液,然后经脱水,制备得到芳香族聚酰亚胺。
苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物的添加,有利于增强制备的PVC泡沫的抗热变形性和几何稳定性,增强了其承受载荷的能力。
所述的异氰酸酯为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯。
所述的酸酐为邻苯二甲酸酐与丁二酸酐的混合物。
所述的发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺与N,N-二亚硝基五亚甲基四胺的混合物,其中,偶氮二甲酰胺与N,N-二亚硝基五亚甲基四胺的质量比为1:0.5。
所述的增塑剂为磷酸三甲苯酯与邻苯二甲酸二辛酯的混合物。
壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚是一种非离子表面活性剂,它的添加有利于降低泡沫的表面张力,起到稳定气泡的作用,细化泡孔,从而提高PVC泡沫的耐高温性能。
本实施例1所述的耐高温PVC泡沫的制备方法,由以下步骤组成:
(1)将原料按照一定的重量份数称量后,固体原料经粉碎,添加到液体原料中混合均匀;
(2)将步骤(1)制备得到的糊状料倒入预热至185℃的模具中,在185℃,27MPa的热压机上热压成型,热压机自然冷却至38℃,从模具中取出模压发泡物;
(3)将模压发泡物于100℃的饱和水蒸汽中进行二次发泡,然后放入80-85℃的饱和蒸汽中进行固化处理,制备得到耐高温PVC泡沫。
实施例2
本实施例2所述的耐高温PVC泡沫,以重量份数计,由以下原料组成:聚氯乙烯树脂100份、氯化聚氯乙烯树脂25份、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物10份、芳香族聚酰亚胺粉末2份、异氰酸酯65份、酸酐30份、发泡剂6份、增塑剂8份、硬脂酸锌2.0份和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚1.5份。
其中:
所述的芳香族聚酰亚胺粉末是由3,3’,4,4’-联苯四酸二酐与2,3,3’4’-联苯四羧酸的混合物与4,4’-二氨基二苯醚与2,2’-二苯基-4,4’-二氨基联苯的混合物于四氢呋喃溶液中经缩聚-亚胺化反应,制备得到芳香族聚酰亚胺溶液,然后经脱水,制备得到芳香族聚酰亚胺。
苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物的添加,有利于增强制备的PVC泡沫的抗热变形性和几何稳定性,增强了其承受载荷的能力。
所述的异氰酸酯为碳化二亚胺改性二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯。
所述的酸酐为二苯醚四甲酸二酐与甲基六氢邻苯二甲酸酐的混合物。
所述的发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺与N,N-二亚硝基五亚甲基四胺的混合物,其中,偶氮二甲酰胺与N,N-二亚硝基五亚甲基四胺的质量比为1:0.4。
所述的增塑剂为磷酸三甲苯酯与邻苯二甲酸二辛酯的混合物。
壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚是一种非离子表面活性剂,它的添加有利于降低泡沫的表面张力,起到稳定气泡的作用,细化泡孔,从而提高PVC泡沫的耐高温性能。
本实施例2所述的耐高温PVC泡沫的制备方法,由以下步骤组成:
(1)将原料按照一定的重量份数称量后,固体原料经粉碎,添加到液体原料中混合均匀;
(2)将步骤(1)制备得到的糊状料倒入预热至180℃的模具中,在180℃,25MPa的热压机上热压成型,热压机自然冷却至40℃,从模具中取出模压发泡物;
(3)将模压发泡物于95℃的饱和水蒸汽中进行二次发泡,然后放入85℃的饱和蒸汽中进行固化处理,制备得到耐高温PVC泡沫。
实施例3
本实施例3所述的耐高温PVC泡沫,以重量份数计,由以下原料组成:聚氯乙烯树脂100份、氯化聚氯乙烯树脂28份、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物15份、芳香族聚酰亚胺粉末2.5份、异氰酸酯68份、酸酐32份、发泡剂7份、增塑剂5份、硬脂酸锌1.8份和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚2.0份。
其中:
所述的芳香族聚酰亚胺粉末是由3,3’,4,4’-联苯四酸二酐与2,3,3’4’-联苯四羧酸的混合物与4,4’-二氨基二苯醚与2,2’-二苯基-4,4’-二氨基联苯的混合物于四氢呋喃溶液中经缩聚-亚胺化反应,制备得到芳香族聚酰亚胺溶液,然后经脱水,制备得到芳香族聚酰亚胺。
苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物的添加,有利于增强制备的PVC泡沫的抗热变形性和几何稳定性,增强了其承受载荷的能力。
所述的异氰酸酯为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯。
所述的酸酐为二苯醚四甲酸二酐与甲基六氢邻苯二甲酸酐的混合物。
所述的发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺与N,N-二亚硝基五亚甲基四胺的混合物,其中,偶氮二甲酰胺与N,N-二亚硝基五亚甲基四胺的质量比为1:0.3。
所述的增塑剂为磷酸三甲苯酯与邻苯二甲酸二辛酯的混合物。
壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚是一种非离子表面活性剂,它的添加有利于降低泡沫的表面张力,起到稳定气泡的作用,细化泡孔,从而提高PVC泡沫的耐高温性能。
本实施例3所述的耐高温PVC泡沫的制备方法,由以下步骤组成:
(1)将原料按照一定的重量份数称量后,固体原料经粉碎,添加到液体原料中混合均匀;
(2)将步骤(1)制备得到的糊状料倒入预热至183℃的模具中,在183℃,26MPa的热压机上热压成型,热压机自然冷却至35℃,从模具中取出模压发泡物;
(3)将模压发泡物于90℃的饱和水蒸汽中进行二次发泡,然后放入80℃的饱和蒸汽中进行固化处理,制备得到耐高温PVC泡沫。
对比例1
本对比例1所述的耐高温PVC泡沫,与实施例1所述的耐高温PVC泡沫的制备方法相同,唯一的不同点在于,原料中不添加芳香族聚酰亚胺粉末、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚。
对比例2
本对比例2所述的耐高温PVC泡沫,与实施例1所述的耐高温PVC泡沫的制备方法相同,唯一的不同点在于,原料中不添加氯化聚乙烯树脂。
对实施例1-3和对比例1-2制备得到的耐高温PVC泡沫进行性能测试,结果如下表1所示:
表1耐高温PVC泡沫性能测试结果
Figure BDA0003141328180000051

Claims (7)

1.一种耐高温PVC泡沫,其特征在于:以重量份数计,由以下原料组成:聚氯乙烯树脂100份、氯化聚氯乙烯树脂25-30份、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物10-15份、芳香族聚酰亚胺粉末2-3份、异氰酸酯65-70份、酸酐30-35份、发泡剂6-8份、增塑剂5-8份、硬脂酸锌1.5-2.0份和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚1.5-2.5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐高温PVC泡沫,其特征在于:所述的芳香族聚酰亚胺粉末是由3,3’,4,4’-联苯四酸二酐与2,3,3’4’-联苯四羧酸的混合物与4,4’-二氨基二苯醚与2,2’-二苯基-4,4’-二氨基联苯的混合物于四氢呋喃溶液中经缩聚-亚胺化反应,制备得到芳香族聚酰亚胺溶液,然后经脱水,制备得到芳香族聚酰亚胺。
3.根据权利要求1所述的耐高温PVC泡沫,其特征在于:所述的异氰酸酯为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯或碳化二亚胺改性二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的耐高温PVC泡沫,其特征在于:所述的酸酐为邻苯二甲酸酐、二苯醚四甲酸二酐、丁二酸酐或甲基六氢邻苯二甲酸酐中的至少两种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的耐高温PVC泡沫,其特征在于:所述的发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺与N,N-二亚硝基五亚甲基四胺的混合物,其中,偶氮二甲酰胺与N,N-二亚硝基五亚甲基四胺的质量比为1:0.3-0.5。
6.根据权利要求1所述的耐高温PVC泡沫,其特征在于:所述的增塑剂为磷酸三甲苯酯与邻苯二甲酸二辛酯的混合物。
7.一种权利要求1所述的耐高温PVC泡沫的制备方法,其特征在于:由以下步骤组成:
(1)将原料按照一定的重量份数称量后,固体原料经粉碎,添加到液体原料中混合均匀;
(2)将步骤(1)制备得到的糊状料倒入预热至180-185℃的模具中,在180-185℃,25-27MPa的热压机上热压成型,热压机自然冷却至35-40℃,从模具中取出模压发泡物;
(3)将模压发泡物于90-100℃的饱和水蒸汽中进行二次发泡,然后放入80-85℃的饱和蒸汽中进行固化处理,制备得到耐高温PVC泡沫。
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