CN113292541A - 硝基还原酶响应的诊疗一体化探针及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
硝基还原酶响应的诊疗一体化探针及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药领域,具体涉及一种硝基还原酶响应的诊疗一体化探针及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
近十几年来恶性肿瘤的发病率和死亡率呈双高态势,已成为严重威胁人类健康的主要公共卫生问题之一,发展肿瘤的早期检测手段和有效治疗新方法是提高患者生活质量、降低死亡率的必由之路。诊疗一体化是一种兼具疾病的诊断和监测及药物治疗的新型生物医学技术,可同时具备肿瘤监测、抗肿瘤治疗、疗效评估等多重功能。缺氧是肿瘤微环境的重要特征之一,也是研究肿瘤早期诊断和治疗的关键靶点,缺氧微环境下,肿瘤细胞发生一系列代谢和生物学特性改变,包括硝基还原酶高表达,由此可见,发展硝基还原酶响应的诊疗一体化探针对于恶性肿瘤的早期诊断和有效治疗都将具有重大的意义。
基于近红外荧光探针的近红外荧光成像可有效避免来自生物体的背景荧光干扰,且组织穿透能力强、对活体光损伤小,被广泛用于恶性肿瘤早期诊断的研究。光动力治疗是光敏剂利用光能将分子氧转化并产生活性氧,然后通过多因素机制杀死肿瘤细胞的新型肿瘤治疗模式。光动力治疗具有非侵入性、副作用少、抗癌谱广等优点,在临床肿瘤治疗中具有广阔的应用前景。而合成具有光敏能力的近红外荧光探针则可在体内同时进行肿瘤的近红外成像和治疗,为肿瘤的诊疗一体化提供新的技术手段。
发明内容
针对上述问题本发明提供了一种硝基还原酶响应的诊疗一体化探针及其制备方法,旨在解决肿瘤早期诊断困难和有效治疗手段缺乏的技术问题。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用了下列技术方案:
本发明提供一种硝基还原酶响应的诊疗一体化探针,其结构通式如下:
式中,R为甲基、乙基、丙基中的任意一种。
本发明还提供了一种诊疗一体化探针的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1,在有机溶剂中加入双氧水和三氟乙酸酐进行反应;
步骤2,反应结束后,加入近红外荧光染料继续反应;
步骤3,反应结束后,对反应液进行分离提纯,即可得到所述诊疗一体化探针。
进一步,所述步骤1中有机溶剂至少为四氢呋喃、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二氯甲烷、氯仿、乙腈、甲醇中的一种;所述步骤2中的近红外荧光染料的结构式为:
式中,R为甲基、乙基、丙基中的任意一种。
进一步,所述步骤1中的反应时间为10~100min,反应温度为-10~30℃;所述步骤2中的反应时间为0.5~6h,反应温度为0~40℃。
进一步,所述步骤1中有机溶剂的体积为1~20mL,步骤2中近红外荧光染料与步骤3中的双氧水和三氟乙酸酐的摩尔比为1:3~9:4~12。
进一步,所述步骤3中对反应液进行分离提纯的具体过程为,将反应液用二氯甲烷和水进行萃取,萃取后将有机相进行减压蒸馏,残渣经柱硅胶色谱柱分离,柱硅胶色谱柱分离的洗脱剂为体积比为20:1的二氯甲烷和甲醇。
更进一步,所述步骤1的最佳反应时间为30min,最佳反应温度为0℃;所述步骤2的最佳反应时间为2h,最佳反应温度为25℃。
更进一步,所述步骤1中有机溶剂的最佳用量为2mL,所述步骤2中近红外荧光染料与步骤1中的双氧水和三氟乙酸酐的最佳摩尔比为1:6:8。
本发明提供一种诊疗一体化探针的应用,应用于缺氧肿瘤细胞成像及光动力杀伤。
本发明提供一种诊疗一体化探针的应用,用于活体肿瘤成像及肿瘤光动力治疗。
与现有技术相比本发明具有以下优点:
1、本发明的分析波长位于近红外区,可有效避免生物体背景荧光干扰,组织穿透力强,对活体光损伤小。
2、本发明制备的硝基还原酶响应的诊疗一体化探针可对肿瘤组织缺氧环境中的硝基还原酶表现出近红外荧光增强响应,可实现肿瘤的近红外荧光成像诊断。
3、本发明制备的硝基还原酶响应的诊疗一体化探针在近红外光辐照下,可对肿瘤细胞表现出显著的光毒性,可显著抑制裸鼠肿瘤生长,是一种优良的诊疗一体化探针。
4、本发明制备的硝基还原酶响应的诊疗一体化探针具备良好的生物安全性,对裸鼠无明显毒性。
5、本发明方法具有操作简便、成本低、快速、灵敏的优点,易于推广和应用。
附图说明
图1为实施例1合成的诊疗一体化探针的1H NMR图。
图2为实施例1合成的诊疗一体化探针的13C NMR图。
图3为实施例1合成的诊疗一体化探针的高分辨质谱图。
图4为实施例1合成的诊疗一体化探针对硝基还原酶的紫外-可见吸收响应图,其中曲线a为实施例1合成的诊疗一体化探针(10μM)的吸收光谱,曲线b为实施例1合成的诊疗一体化探针(10μM)与硝基还原酶(400ng/mL)在NADH(250μM)存在下反应后的吸收光谱。
图5为实施例1合成的诊疗一体化探针对不同浓度硝基还原酶的荧光响应图,图5中硝基还原酶的浓度从下到上依次为0,25,50,75,100,125,150,200,250,300,350,400和450ng/mL;NADH浓度为250μM。
图6为实施例1合成的诊疗一体化探针对缺氧A549细胞的共聚焦成像图。图中第一列为荧光通道,第二列为白光通道,第三列为合并通道。
图7为实施例1合成的诊疗一体化探针用于预先与硝基还原酶抑制剂双香豆素孵育过的缺氧A549细胞的共聚焦成像。图中第一列为荧光通道,第二列为白光通道,第三列为合并通道。
图8为A549建模裸鼠瘤内注射实施例1合成的诊疗一体化探针后不同时间节点的活体荧光成像。每幅图的左侧为对照组,右侧为实验组。
图9为DCFH-DA在实施例1合成的诊疗一体化探针(10μM)与硝基还原酶(400ng/mL)反应液中经660nm激光辐照后的荧光光谱。图9A为荧光光谱随激光辐照时间的变化,图中激光辐照时间从下到上依次为0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8和9min,功率密度为0.25W/cm2;图9B为荧光光谱随激光功率密度的变化,图中激光功率密度从下到上依次为0,0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20和0.25W/cm2,辐照时间为5min。
图10为经实施例1合成的诊疗一体化探针处理的A549细胞的Calcein-AM/PI染色图。绿色通道代表活细胞,红色通道代表死细胞。
图11为实施例7中不同治疗组裸鼠的肿瘤体积变化曲线。
图12为实施例7中不同治疗组裸鼠在治疗21天后的肿瘤图片。
图13为实施例8中不同治疗组裸鼠的体重变化曲线。
图14为实施例8不同治疗组裸鼠在治疗21天后的主要血清生化指标。
图15为实施例8不同治疗组裸鼠在治疗21天后各主要脏器及肿瘤组织的病理切片分析。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例和附图对本发明技术方案做详细的说明。应当注意的是,所述实施例是对本发明的解释而不是限定。
实施例1、硝基还原酶响应的诊疗一体化探针的制备
诊疗一体化探针按照下述路线合成:
具体步骤:将H2O2(62μL,0.6mmol)和二氯甲烷(2mL)混合均匀,向其中滴加三氟乙酸酐(126μL,0.8mmol),0℃下搅拌30min后升至室温。然后将近红外荧光染料(41mg,0.1mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(2mL)后加入上述溶液中继续反应2h,反应液用二氯甲烷和水萃取,有机相减压蒸干得到粗产物,用二氯甲烷/甲醇(20:1,V/V)作为洗脱剂经柱硅胶色谱柱分离,得到诊疗一体化探针,为紫色粉末。
探针确证结构如下:1H NMR和13C NMR图见图1和2。1H NMR(400MHz,298K,CDCl3):δ8.80(d,1H,J=15.2Hz),8.15(d,1H,J=1.6Hz),8.11(d,1H,J=8.4Hz),7.77-7.73(m,2H,),7.64-7.61(m,3H),7.25(s,1H),6.81(d,1H,J=15.6Hz),4.51(t,2H,J=7.2Hz),2.82(t,2H,J=6.0Hz),2.76(t,2H,J=6.0Hz),2.00(m,4H),1.90(s,6H),1.12(t,3H,J=7.2Hz).13C NMR(100MHz,298K,CD3OD):δ180.2,157.8,152.2,148.4,146.4,143.0,141.2,134.4,129.1,128.5,128.1,127.9,127.4,122.7,119.5,115.3,113.8,110.6,107.7,70.1,51.6,29.2,26.4,23.6,21.3,19.9,10.2.高分辨质谱:C28H29N2O3 +,M+;计算值:441.2173;测定值:441.2171(图3)。
实施例2、诊疗一体化探针对硝基还原酶的光学响应
称取4.4mg诊疗一体化探针,溶于10mL二甲基亚砜,配成探针储备液(又称母液,浓度为1mM),NADH配成浓度为50mM的储备液;将50μL上述探针母液加到一定量的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS,0.01M)中,然后加入25μL NADH母液和不同量的硝基还原酶溶液,再用PBS定容至5mL。37℃反应10分钟后,测试其紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱。荧光发射光谱测定时以660nm激发,激发和发射狭缝宽度分别为20nm和10nm。
图4所示为诊疗一体化探针对硝基还原酶的紫外-可见吸收响应图,图4中a为诊疗一体化探针(10μM)的吸收光谱,b为诊疗一体化探针(10μM)与硝基还原酶(400ng/mL)反应后的吸收光谱。图5所示为诊疗一体化探针对硝基还原酶的荧光响应图,硝基还原酶的浓度范围为0-450ng/mL。图5中硝基还原酶的浓度从下到上依次为0,25,50,75,100,125,150,200,250,300,350,400和450ng/mL。以上实验说明诊疗一体化探针对硝基还原酶表现出显著的荧光增强响应。
实施例3、诊疗一体化探针用于缺氧肿瘤细胞成像
(1)在37℃和5%CO2条件下,用含有10%(v/v)胎牛血清(FBS)、100U/mL青霉素、100μg/mL的链霉素的DMEM培养基培养人肺癌细胞A549。
(2)将对数生长期的A549细胞接种于激光共聚焦皿中,培养24h后弃去培养液并用PBS(pH 7.4)清洗三次,然后用含100μM氯化钴的培养基培养细胞以诱导细胞缺氧,分别于12、24、36和48h后移除培养基,细胞用PBS清洗三次,再与本发明制备的诊疗一体化探针(10μM)共孵育30min后置于激光共聚焦显微镜成像。成像激发波长为635nm,发射波长的收集范围为650-750nm。
图6所示为不同缺氧时间的A549细胞的共聚焦成像图,可以看出,正常培养的A549细胞几乎无荧光,而随着缺氧时间的延长,细胞荧光逐渐增强,说明诊疗一体化探针可以对肿瘤细胞的缺氧状态进行荧光成像。
图7所示为诊疗一体化探针用于预先与硝基还原酶抑制剂双香豆素共孵育的A549细胞的共聚焦成像图。双香豆素处理过的细胞荧光明显被抑制,说明诊疗一体化探针对缺氧微环境的荧光增强响应是由于缺氧微环境中过表达的硝基还原酶所引起的。
实施例4、诊疗一体化探针用于肿瘤模型裸鼠活体成像
(1)本实验得到山西医科大学动物伦理与使用委员会的批准,实验动物为5周龄BALB/c裸鼠,体重15g±1g/只,均在无菌环境下饲养。使用A549细胞建立肿瘤模型,将细胞以1×107个/mL的密度进行稀释,稀释完成后放置于冰上,用6%水合氯醛麻醉裸鼠,取200μL细胞悬液经皮下注射到裸鼠右侧腋下,每隔一天称量裸鼠体重并测量肿瘤大小,按公式V=a*b2/2(a为长径,b为短径)计算肿瘤体积,待体积超过50mm3时进行成像实验。
(2)取建模成功的裸鼠,瘤内注射诊疗一体化探针(最终浓度为100μM),在不同的时间节点对裸鼠进行荧光成像,观察各部位的荧光。成像时激发波长为670nm,发射波长为750nm。
图8所示为不同时间节点裸鼠的活体荧光成像图。对照组(瘤内注射PBS)始终没有荧光,而瘤内注射诊疗一体化探针P1的裸鼠在30min肿瘤部位即表现出荧光,随时间延长荧光逐渐变强,在4h肿瘤部位荧光强度达到最大。
实施例5、诊疗一体化探针的体外光动力效果
为评估诊疗一体化探针的光动力效果,利用商业化活性氧探针2’,7’-二氯二氢荧光素二乙酸酯(DCFH-DA)对诊疗一体化探针P1产生活性氧的性能进行评估。将诊疗一体化探针P1(10μM)与硝基还原酶(400ng/mL)、NADH(250μM)在37℃摇床中反应10min,向反应体系中加入活化好的DCFH-DA(5nM),然后用660nm激光照射反应液一定时间后测试荧光光谱,荧光激发波长为490nm。
图9A所示为荧光光谱随激光辐照时间的变化。图中激光辐照时间从下到上依次为0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8和9min,激光功率密度为0.25W/cm2;图9B所示为荧光光谱随激光功率密度的变化。图中激光功率密度从下到上依次为0,0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20和0.25W/cm2,激光辐照时间为5min。可以看出,随着激光辐照时间的延长或者激光功率密度的增大,体系在530nm处的荧光均逐渐增强,表明诊疗一体化探针与硝基还原酶反应体系在660nm激光照射下具有产生活性氧的能力,可用于光动力治疗。
实施例6、诊疗一体化探针用于肿瘤细胞光动力杀伤
通过Calcein-AM/PI染色法评估诊疗一体化探针对细胞的光动力杀伤性能。将对数生长期的A549细胞接种于六孔板,贴壁培养24h后缺氧培养12h。然后加入本发明制备的诊疗一体化探针(10μM)并孵育30min,随后用PBS清洗3次。激光组用660nm激光(0.25W/cm2)照射10min,对照组不予光照,然后分别加入商品化的Calcein-AM和PI试剂,继续避光30min后用荧光显微镜观察。
图10所示为细胞的Calcein-AM/PI染色图,其中绿色为AM通道,代表活细胞,红色为PI通道,代表死细胞。由结果可以看出诊疗一体化探针孵育过的细胞经660nm激光照射后大量死亡,与上述MTT结果一致,再次证实了诊疗一体化探针对缺氧肿瘤细胞的光动力杀伤性能。
实施例7、诊疗一体化探针用于肿瘤裸鼠光动力治疗
肿瘤模型裸鼠的建立同实施例4,待肿瘤体积长至75-150mm3时开始治疗。实验裸鼠随机分为4组,分别是PBS组、PBS+激光组、探针组和探针+激光组,每组4只。瘤内注射100μL相对应的药物,激光组在注射药物2h后通过660nm激光(0.25W/cm2)照射10min,治疗5次。在21天的治疗期内,每隔一天记录裸鼠的体重和肿瘤体积,待上述实验结束后剖出肿瘤并拍照。
图11所示为不同组裸鼠的肿瘤体积变化曲线,图12为不同组裸鼠在治疗21天后的肿瘤图片。这些结果表明诊疗一体化探针在660nm激光照射下可显著抑制肿瘤生长。
实施例8、诊疗一体化探针的生物安全性
实施例7中21天治疗周期内每隔一天记录裸鼠的体重。21天治疗周期结束后,麻醉裸鼠,眼眶采血,将采集的血样离心(3000rpm/min)10min,取上层血清用生化分析仪分别检测肝功能指标天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)和丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)以及肾功能指标尿素氮(BUN);完成上述操作后将裸鼠处死,取出心、肝、脾、肺、肾以及肿瘤,用4%的多聚甲醛固定,石蜡包埋切片后用苏木精和曙红进行染色,在荧光显微镜下观察。
图13所示为不同组裸鼠的体重变化曲线,各组裸鼠体重均略有增长;图14所示为不同组裸鼠在治疗21天后的主要血清生化指标,可以看出,各组裸鼠的肝功和肾功指标均在正常范围内;图15所示为不同组裸鼠在治疗21天后各主要脏器及肿瘤组织的病理切片分析,结果显示各主要脏器无明显异常,这些结果均表明诊疗一体化探针P1具有良好的生物安全性,基于该探针的光动力治疗无明显副作用。
最后应说明的是:上述仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,并非用于限定本发明。任何本领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思进行替换或改变均在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
2.一种权利要求1所述的硝基还原酶响应的诊疗一体化探针的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤1,在有机溶剂中加入双氧水和三氟乙酸酐进行反应;
步骤2,反应结束后,加入近红外荧光染料继续反应;
步骤3,反应结束后,对反应液进行分离提纯,即可得到所述诊疗一体化探针。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种硝基还原酶响应的诊疗一体化探针的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤1中的反应时间为10~100min,反应温度为-10~30℃;所述步骤2中的反应时间为0.5~6h,反应温度为0~40℃。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种硝基还原酶响应的诊疗一体化探针的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤1中有机溶剂的体积为1~20mL,步骤2中近红外荧光染料与步骤1中的双氧水和三氟乙酸酐的摩尔比为1:3~9:4~12。
6.根据权利要求2所述的一种硝基还原酶响应的诊疗一体化探针的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤3中对反应液进行分离提纯的具体过程为,将反应液用二氯甲烷和水进行萃取,萃取后将有机相进行减压蒸馏,残渣经柱硅胶色谱柱分离,柱硅胶色谱柱分离的洗脱剂为体积比为20:1的二氯甲烷和甲醇。
7.根据权利要求4所述的一种硝基还原酶响应的诊疗一体化探针的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤1的最佳反应时间为30min,最佳反应温度为0℃;所述步骤2的最佳反应时间为2h,最佳反应温度为25℃。
8.根据权利要求5所述的一种硝基还原酶响应的诊疗一体化探针的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤1中有机溶剂的最佳体积为2mL,所述步骤2中近红外荧光染料与步骤3中的双氧水和三氟乙酸酐的最佳摩尔比为1:6:8。
9.一种权利要求1~8任一项所述的诊疗一体化探针的应用,其特征在于:用于缺氧肿瘤细胞成像及光动力杀伤。
10.一种权利要求1~8任一项所述的诊疗一体化探针的应用,其特征在于:用于活体肿瘤成像及肿瘤光动力治疗。
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CN115368347A (zh) * | 2022-09-01 | 2022-11-22 | 南开大学 | 一类具有ptt和pdt效应的近红外分子及其用途 |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN114149448A (zh) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-03-08 | 山东第一医科大学(山东省医学科学院) | 一种用于检测硝基还原酶的近红外荧光探针及应用 |
CN114149448B (zh) * | 2021-11-12 | 2023-03-10 | 山东第一医科大学(山东省医学科学院) | 一种用于检测硝基还原酶的近红外荧光探针及应用 |
NL2032434B1 (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2023-03-28 | Shandong First Medical Univ & Shandong Academy Of Medical Sciences | Near-infrared fluorescent probe and preparation method and application thereof |
CN115368347A (zh) * | 2022-09-01 | 2022-11-22 | 南开大学 | 一类具有ptt和pdt效应的近红外分子及其用途 |
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