CN113290959B - 一种防12.7mm穿甲燃烧弹的陶瓷复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种防12.7mm穿甲燃烧弹的陶瓷复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种防12.7mm穿甲燃烧弹的陶瓷复合材料及其制备方法，该陶瓷复合材料为层状结构，自上而下包括聚脲层、芳纶层、碳化硼复合陶瓷层、碳纤维或钛板层、PE层和聚脲层，碳化硼复合陶瓷层中包括质量百分比为(90～98):(2～10)的碳化硼、碳纳米管或硼化钛。本发明通过对组分的控制获得了高性能碳化硼陶瓷，通过层状结构的设计使得本发明提供的陶瓷复合材料可成功防御12.7mm穿甲燃烧弹，且面密度控制在40kg/m2以内，满足装备升级要求。该制备方法制备的陶瓷复合材料便于直升机防护区域的装卸和升级，同时制备方法工艺简单，适于大规模生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及复合材料技术领域，尤其是一种防12.7mm穿甲燃烧弹的陶瓷复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
国内外直升机的防护区域集中于飞机座舱底板，两侧、座舱椅、驾驶舱玻璃及发动机舱等位置，防护目标以12.7mm穿甲燃烧弹为主。而现有采用的碳化硼防弹复合材料存在面密度大、碳化硼性能偏低等问题。
发明内容
本发明提供一种防12.7mm穿甲燃烧弹的陶瓷复合材料及其制备方法，用于克服现有技术中面密度大、碳化硼性能偏低等缺陷。为实现上述目的，本发明提出一种防12.7mm穿甲燃烧弹的陶瓷复合材料，所述陶瓷复合材料为层状结构，自上而下包括聚脲层、芳纶层、碳化硼复合陶瓷层、碳纤维或钛板层、PE层和聚脲层；
所述碳化硼复合陶瓷层中包括质量百分比为(90～98):(2～10)的碳化硼、碳纳米管或硼化钛。
为实现上述目的，本发明还提出一种防12.7mm穿甲燃烧弹的陶瓷复合材料的制备方法，包括：
S1：按质量百分比(90～98):(2～10)称取碳化硼、碳纳米管或硼化钛，并对所述碳化硼进行预处理，获得粒径为D50＝0.2～0.5μm的碳化硼；
S2：向预处理后的碳化硼中加入所述碳纳米管或硼化钛，球磨2～3h，获得混合料；
对所述混合料进行喷雾干燥，获得复合颗粒；
S3：根据实际需要设计碳化硼复合陶瓷层的形状、尺寸和厚度，根据碳化硼复合陶瓷层的形状、尺寸选择模具，根据碳化硼复合陶瓷层的厚度称取所述复合颗粒，将称取的复合颗粒填铺在选择的模具中，加压真空烧结，获得碳化硼复合陶瓷块；
S4：利用EVA胶膜将芳纶层、碳化硼复合陶瓷层、碳纤维或钛板层、PE层复合，然后在PE层和芳纶层外侧喷涂聚脲，获得陶瓷复合材料。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果有：
1、本发明提供的防12.7mm穿甲燃烧弹的陶瓷复合材料为层状结构，自上而下包括聚脲层、芳纶层、碳化硼复合陶瓷层、碳纤维或钛板层、PE层和聚脲层，碳化硼复合陶瓷层中包括质量百分比为(90～98):(2～10)的碳化硼、碳纳米管或硼化钛。聚脲层为包覆层，芳纶层为止裂层，碳化硼复合陶瓷层为破甲层，碳纤维或钛板层为过渡层，PE层为支撑层。破甲层中碳纳米管或硼化钛起到增韧增强的效果，在碳纳米管或硼化钛增强陶瓷基复合材料的制备过程中，网络状均匀分布的碳纳米管或硼化钛能够抑制陶瓷基体晶粒长大，起到细化陶瓷基体晶粒和促进致密度的作用，从而提高陶瓷复合材料的机械性能。碳纤维层起到增强增韧的作用，并基本不会增加产品的面密度。本发明通过对组分的控制获得了高性能碳化硼陶瓷，然后通过层状结构的设计使得本发明提供的陶瓷复合材料可成功防御12.7mm穿甲燃烧弹，且面密度在40kg/m2以内，满足装备升级要求。
2、本发明提供的防12.7mm穿甲燃烧弹的陶瓷复合材料的制备方法可根据实际需要制备出不同形状、尺寸、性能的陶瓷复合材料，便于直升机防护区域的装卸和升级；同时，本发明提供的制备方法工艺简单，适于大规模生产。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图示出的结构获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明提供的防12.7mm穿甲燃烧弹的陶瓷复合材料的结构图。
本发明目的的实现、功能特点及优点将结合实施例，参照附图做进一步说明。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
另外，本发明各个实施例之间的技术方案可以相互结合，但是必须是以本领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础，当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应当认为这种技术方案的结合不存在，也不在本发明要求的保护范围之内。
无特殊说明，所使用的药品/试剂均为市售。
本发明提出一种防12.7mm穿甲燃烧弹的陶瓷复合材料，所述陶瓷复合材料为层状结构，如图1所示，自上而下包括聚脲层、芳纶层、碳化硼复合陶瓷层、碳纤维或钛板层、PE层和聚脲层；
所述碳化硼复合陶瓷层中包括质量百分比为(90～98):(2～10)的碳化硼、碳纳米管或硼化钛。
优选地，所述碳化硼复合陶瓷层的厚度为9～12mm；所述芳纶层的厚度为0.2～0.4mm；所述碳纤维层的厚度为1.5～3.5mm；所述钛板层的厚度为0.8～1.5mm；所述PE层的厚度为10～12mm；所述聚脲层的厚度为0.5mm。聚脲层可提高产品的耐磨耐腐蚀性能。
优选地，所述陶瓷复合材料中各层复合后的面密度为38～40kg/m2。
优选地，所述碳化硼复合陶瓷中碳化硼的粒径为D50＝0.2～0.5μm。碳化硼颗粒越细，晶界面越多，所能吸收的能量越多，裂纹越不易扩散，从而起到较好的防护。
优选地，所述陶瓷复合材料中各层之间采用EVA胶膜复合，复合牢固且不影响产品性能。
优选地，所述碳化硼复合陶瓷的抗弯强度为≧500MPa，断裂韧性为≧4.5MPa.m1/2，弹性模量为≧450GPa，维氏硬度为≧32000MPa。
本发明还提出一种防12.7mm穿甲燃烧弹的陶瓷复合材料的制备方法，如图1所示，包括：
S1：按质量百分比(90～98):(2～10)称取的碳化硼、碳纳米管或硼化钛并对所述碳化硼进行预处理，获得粒径为D50＝0.2～0.5μm的碳化硼；
S2：向预处理后的碳化硼中加入所述碳纳米管或硼化钛，球磨2～3h，获得混合料；
对所述混合料进行喷雾干燥，获得复合颗粒；
S3：根据实际需要设计碳化硼复合陶瓷层的形状、尺寸和厚度，根据碳化硼复合陶瓷层的形状、尺寸选择模具，根据碳化硼复合陶瓷层的厚度称取所述复合颗粒，将称取的复合颗粒填铺在选择的模具中，加压真空烧结，获得碳化硼复合陶瓷块；
获得碳化硼复合陶瓷块一般需要对其边缘进行整形，以获得形状、尺寸满足要求的碳化硼复合陶瓷块。
碳化硼复合陶瓷块可以为300*300mm的方块，便于拼接成任何所需结构。碳化硼复合陶瓷块也可以为任何其他尺寸和形状的块体。
S4：利用EVA胶膜将芳纶层、碳化硼复合陶瓷层、碳纤维或钛板层、PE层复合，然后在PE层和芳纶层外侧常温喷涂聚脲，获得陶瓷复合材料。
各层之间采用EVA胶膜复合，工艺条件是加热到90℃加压复合。
同时各层在复合前进行PVD(物理气相沉积)处理，增加活化能，提高粘接强度。
优选地，在步骤S1中，所述预处理具体为：
将碳化硼置于水介质中，加入正辛醇以去除杂质，加入分散剂和胶粘剂提升产品烧结性能，球磨6～8h。
所述预处理还可以为：通过研磨以使碳化硼的粒径为D50＝0.2～0.5μm。
优选地，在步骤S2中，所述喷雾干燥的温度为180℃。
优选地，在步骤S3中，所述真空烧结的压力为260吨压力，升温程序为：
第一阶段：从室温升温至300℃，时间为60min，升温速率为5℃/min；
第二阶段：从300℃升温至550℃，时间为60min，升温速率为4℃/min；
第三阶段：在550℃下保温60min；
第四阶段：从550℃升温至1800℃，时间为155min，升温速率为8℃/min；
第五阶段：从1800℃升温至2250℃，时间为150min，升温速率为3℃/min；
第六阶段：在2250℃下保温60min。
分段烧结，可以充分释放小分子，增加产品密实度，提升性能。
优选地，在步骤S4中，所述碳纤维采用T300-6K碳纤维UD布，所述钛板采用Ti6Al4V或TiAlZrMo合金。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种防12.7mm穿甲燃烧弹的陶瓷复合材料，所述陶瓷复合材料为层状结构，自上而下包括聚脲层、芳纶层、碳化硼复合陶瓷层、碳纤维层、PE层和聚脲层；碳化硼复合陶瓷层的厚度为9.5mm，芳纶层的厚度为0.2mm，碳纤维层的厚度为2mm，PE层的厚度为10mm，聚脲层的厚度为0.5mm；
碳化硼复合陶瓷层中包括质量百分比为97:3的碳化硼和碳纳米管。
本实施例还提供一种上述所述防12.7mm穿甲燃烧弹的陶瓷复合材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1：按质量百分比97：3称取碳化硼和碳纳米管，并对所述碳化硼、碳纳米管进行预处理，获得粒径为D50＝0.2μm的碳化硼；
预处理具体为：将碳化硼置于水介质中，加入正辛醇以去除杂质，加入分散剂和胶粘剂提高烧结性能，球磨6～8h。碳纳米管使用强酸处理。
S2：向预处理后的碳化硼中加入所述碳纳米管，球磨2.5h，获得混合料；
对所述混合料进行喷雾干燥(180℃)，获得复合颗粒；
S3：根据实际需要设计碳化硼复合陶瓷层的形状、尺寸和厚度，根据碳化硼复合陶瓷层的形状、尺寸选择模具，根据碳化硼复合陶瓷层的厚度称取所述复合颗粒，将称取的复合颗粒填铺在选择的模具中，加压真空烧结，获得碳化硼复合陶瓷块；
真空烧结的压力为260吨压力，升温程序为：
第一阶段：从室温升温至300℃，时间为60min，升温速率为5℃/min；
第二阶段：从300℃升温至550℃，时间为60min，升温速率为4℃/min；
第三阶段：在550℃下保温60min；
第四阶段：从550℃升温至1800℃，时间为155min，升温速率为8℃/min；
第五阶段：从1800℃升温至2250℃，时间为150min，升温速率为3℃/min；
第六阶段：在2250℃下保温60min。
S4：利用EVA胶膜将芳纶层、碳化硼复合陶瓷层、碳纤维层、PE层复合，然后在PE层和芳纶层外侧常温喷涂聚脲，获得陶瓷复合材料。
本实施例制备的陶瓷复合材料面密度为38.9kg/m2。将本实施例制备的陶瓷复合材料进行1发12.7mm穿甲燃烧弹的打靶测试，未被穿透。
本实施例中制备的碳化硼复合陶瓷的抗弯强度为500MPa，断裂韧性为4.8MPa.m1 /2，弹性模量为460GPa，维氏硬度为32500MPa。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种防12.7mm穿甲燃烧弹的陶瓷复合材料，与实施例1相比，本实施例的陶瓷复合材料碳化硼复合陶瓷层中碳化硼复合陶瓷包括质量百分比为95：5的碳化硼和碳纳米管。
碳化硼复合陶瓷层的厚度为10mm，芳纶层的厚度为0.3mm，碳纤维层的厚度为1.5mm，PE层的厚度为11mm，聚脲层的厚度为0.5mm。
其他同实施例1。
本实施例提供的陶瓷复合材料面密度为39.5kg/m2。将本实施例制备的陶瓷复合材料进行1发12.7mm穿甲燃烧弹的打靶测试，未被穿透。
本实施例中制备的碳化硼复合陶瓷的抗弯强度为550MPa，断裂韧性为4.5MPa.m1 /2，弹性模量为450GPa，维氏硬度为32800MPa。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种防12.7mm穿甲燃烧弹的陶瓷复合材料，与实施例1相比，本实施例的陶瓷复合材料碳化硼复合陶瓷层中碳化硼复合陶瓷包括质量百分比为96：4的碳化硼和硼化钛。
碳化硼复合陶瓷层的厚度为10.5mm，芳纶层的厚度为0.2mm，钛板层厚度为0.8mm，PE层的厚度为11mm，聚脲层的厚度为0.5mm。
其他同实施例1。
本实施例提供的陶瓷复合材料面密度为39.8kg/m2。将本实施例制备的陶瓷复合材料进行1发12.7mm穿甲燃烧弹的打靶测试，未被穿透。
本实施例中制备的碳化硼复合陶瓷的抗弯强度为540MPa，断裂韧性为4.9MPa.m1 /2，弹性模量为490GPa，维氏硬度为34000MPa。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是在本发明的发明构思下，利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构变换，或直接/间接运用在其他相关的技术领域均包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (9)
1.一种防12.7mm穿甲燃烧弹的陶瓷复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括：
S1：按质量百分比（90~98）:(2~10）称取碳化硼、碳纳米管，并对所述碳化硼进行预处理，获得粒径为D50=0.2~0.5mm的碳化硼；
S2：向预处理后的碳化硼中加入所述碳纳米管，球磨2~3h，获得混合料；
对所述混合料进行喷雾干燥，获得复合颗粒；
S3：根据实际需要设计碳化硼复合陶瓷层的形状、尺寸和厚度，根据碳化硼复合陶瓷层的形状、尺寸选择模具，根据碳化硼复合陶瓷层的厚度称取所述复合颗粒，将称取的复合颗粒填铺在选择的模具中，加压真空烧结，获得碳化硼复合陶瓷块；所述真空烧结的压力为260吨压力，升温程序为：
第一阶段：从室温升温至300℃，时间为60min，升温速率为5℃/min；
第二阶段：从300℃升温至550℃，时间为60min，升温速率为4℃/min；
第三阶段：在550℃下保温60min；
第四阶段：从550℃升温至1800℃，时间为155min，升温速率为8℃/min；
第五阶段：从1800℃升温至2250℃，时间为150min，升温速率为3℃/min；
第六阶段：在2250℃下保温60min；
S4：利用EVA胶膜将芳纶层、碳化硼复合陶瓷层、碳纤维或钛板层、PE层复合，然后在PE层和芳纶层外侧喷涂聚脲，获得陶瓷复合材料；
所述陶瓷复合材料为层状结构，自上而下包括聚脲层、芳纶层、碳化硼复合陶瓷层、碳纤维或钛板层、PE层和聚脲层。
2.如权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，在步骤S1中，所述预处理具体为：
将碳化硼置于水介质中，加入正辛醇，分散剂和胶粘剂，球磨6~8h。
3.如权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，在步骤S2中，所述喷雾干燥的温度为180℃。
4.一种防12.7mm穿甲燃烧弹的陶瓷复合材料，其特征在于，由权利要求1~3任一项所述制备方法制备得到；所述碳化硼复合陶瓷层中包括质量百分比为（90~98）:(2~10）的碳化硼、碳纳米管。
5.如权利要求4所述的防12.7mm穿甲燃烧弹的陶瓷复合材料，其特征在于，所述碳化硼复合陶瓷层的厚度为9~12mm；所述芳纶层的厚度为0.2~0.4mm；所述碳纤维层的厚度为1.5~3.5mm；所述钛板层的厚度为0.8~1.5mm；所述PE层的厚度为10~12mm；所述聚脲层的厚度为0.5mm。
6.如权利要求4所述的防12.7mm穿甲燃烧弹的陶瓷复合材料，其特征在于，所述陶瓷复合材料中各层复合后的面密度为38~40kg/m2。
7.如权利要求4所述的防12.7mm穿甲燃烧弹的陶瓷复合材料，其特征在于，所述碳化硼复合陶瓷中碳化硼的粒径为D50=0.2~0.5mm。
8.如权利要求4所述的防12.7mm穿甲燃烧弹的陶瓷复合材料，其特征在于，所述陶瓷复合材料中各层之间采用EVA胶膜复合。
9.如权利要求4所述的防12.7mm穿甲燃烧弹的陶瓷复合材料，其特征在于，所述碳化硼复合陶瓷的抗弯强度为≧500MPa，断裂韧性为≧4.5MPa.m1/2，弹性模量为≧450GPa，维氏硬度为≧32000MPa。
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