CN113287469B - Turf replanting utilization method and application - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, and particularly discloses a turf re-planting utilization method and application. When the method is used for stacking and storing the turf blocks after the turf blocks are peeled off, the stacking activity change of the turf blocks is predicted according to the peeling and stacking seasons of the turf blocks, the geocell with the side holes is used as a framework supporting material to reduce activity attenuation, the turf blocks and the geocell are respectively paved on a slope surface at intervals along contour lines during re-planting, then soil is filled in the geocell, and plants are sown. The method can determine the stacking time of the turf blocks, keep the activity of turf in stacking, improve the survival rate of laying, realize the reutilization of the geocell, solve the problem of freezing and pulling damage to grass planting in the geocell in the high-cold freezing and thawing area, relieve the interference of livestock grazing on a green field, and improve the comprehensive effect of turf protection and slope vegetation recovery.

Description

Turf replanting utilization method and application

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, in particular to a turf re-planting utilization method and application.

Background

The ecological environment of plateau areas is fragile, the protection of the primary meadow turf is difficult in the engineering construction process, and the vegetation recovery period is long. There is therefore a need to find more effective methods of vegetation restoration to address this problem. At present, the related technology is still immature, the cost is high, a plurality of links exist in the construction, each link can influence the survival rate of the turf independently or in combination, and a unified construction process standard does not exist, so that the vegetation recovery effect is difficult to guarantee.

There is currently no research on reasonable stacking time of turf, and some documents indicate that the stacking time of turf should not exceed 1 year, but no report on specific attenuation of turf survival rate along with the change of stacking time is found until now, and for turf blocks stripped and stacked in different seasons, activity attenuation characteristics of turf blocks are not relevant to research.

At present, a support overhead method is adopted in the turf stacking stage before re-planting, but a separately manufactured wood frame or steel frame is mostly adopted for overhead, the manufacturing cost of the support is high, the support is difficult to recycle, and the support is difficult to popularize and utilize in practical engineering practice in a large amount. Therefore, the most common way for stacking and storing the turf is the stacking and storing way in practice at present, but the stacking way is not suitable for all re-planting situations, turf blocks are mutually extruded, and the defects of illumination, moisture and oxygen during stacking of the turf often cause photosynthesis inhibition and moisture stress of the overground part of the turf, a root system and a soil layer, so that the growth and the survival of the turf plants are adversely affected, and the vegetation recovery effect is further affected. Currently, there is no targeted construction method.

The geocell is a latticed structure processed by plastics, is commonly used for filling and fixing soil in slope protection, performs greening operation on a slope with a relatively slow slope rate, and can overcome the defects of poor soil condition of the original slope and even lack of plant growth soil. But the direct application of the method to the replanting still has the problem of limited applicability.

For example, chinese patent CN201510511825.4 proposes a method for improving the reinforcing effect of habitat base materials and preventing the base materials from splashing in the spray planting process, which comprises the following steps: clearing the slope; hanging a net and anchoring: a plurality of meshes are mutually connected to form a mesh whole and fixedly arranged on the slope surface; manufacturing geocell sheets; laying geocells; spraying the base material mixture: spraying a base material mixture to the slope surface paved with the meshes; and after the spraying construction is finished, the ecological protection of the side slope is finished. However, the applicability of the method is still limited, in many areas, particularly in areas with freeze-thaw erosion, freeze-pull action caused by the freeze-thaw erosion and scouring action caused by hydraulic erosion make the geocell difficult to be fixed on the slope, and after years, the geocell is gradually frozen and pulled from the soil and lifted to the ground surface, or the filled soil is scoured and suspended, so that the fixation effect on the soil in the later period is lost and the soil is suspended on the surface of the soil, and the problem exists in soil fixation and greening of the slope geocell in many places, so that the landscape effect in the later period is poor, and the application range of the method is severely limited. In summary, the protection and utilization techniques of the turf, especially the turf related to severe cold, are still relatively immature, many difficulties in the stacking process of the turf are not solved, and the replanting and recycling have a space for enhancing improvement, so that there is a need to provide a new method and application for replanting and recycling the turf to solve the problems of the prior art.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for replanting a turf and an application thereof, which can improve the protection and utilization effects of the turf and the replanting effect.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a method for re-planting and utilizing turf comprises the steps that after turf is stripped, according to the stacking season and the estimated stacking time length of the stripped turf blocks, the vitality of the turf blocks is predicted when re-planting is completed, the stacking mode of the turf blocks is selected according to the prediction result, then stacking is conducted, and then re-planting is conducted; if the predicted activity is more than or equal to 40%, stacking the turf blocks in a mixing or stacking mode, and if the predicted activity is less than 40%, stacking the turf blocks by adopting a framework interval supporting method;

the prediction method of the activity of the turf blocks comprises the following steps: when the soil temperature or air temperature (when the soil temperature can not be measured, air temperature data can be collected for replacement) reaches 5 ℃ or more continuously in 5 days in spring, prediction is carried out according to the 30% reduction of the survival rate every 30 days of stacking; when the stack is in a period of 5cm ground temperature at the end of summer or 5 days at 5-15 ℃ continuously, predicting according to the decrease of 15% of the survival rate per 30 days of stack; when the stacking is carried out in a period below 5 ℃ in winter and early spring, the prediction is carried out according to the reduction of 10% of the survival rate per 30 days of stacking, in terms of stacking days at the temperature of more than 0 ℃.

In stacking, the death of vegetative propagules such as herb rootstocks is influenced by the phenological and environmental conditions of the plants. The plant phenology is closely related to regional temperature, rainfall and the like, but specific influence factors do not reach consensus in current research, and a phenology classification method and index are only formed aiming at temperature indexes. The ecological significance of the activity accumulated temperature is widely regarded, the daily average gas temperature value of more than 10 ℃ is generally considered to be significant to most of vegetation life processes, and the value is also a reference temperature value for judging spring entering and winter entering in a four-season division method. However, for the phenological climate of the Tibet plateau, the limit value of the activity volume temperature is not very suitable, and the research of the invention finds that the turf blocks still have physiological activity in the stacking environment of less than 5 ℃, and the stacking still can generate adverse effect on the life activity of the turf blocks. The prediction of the decline of the activity of the turf blocks by using the single stacking day number or the stacking day number of more than 10 ℃ is not accurate, so that the method for predicting the decline of the activity of the turf blocks by using the stacking day number of more than 0 ℃ is provided by the invention, and the method can be closer to a real state. Moreover, the piling resistance of the turf blocks in different construction seasons is different, and the problem that a construction method aiming at each season is lacked at present is solved.

In the invention, the stacking method of the framework interval support comprises the following steps: when the turf blocks are stripped and stacked for storage, the geocell with the side holes is used as a framework supporting material and is arranged among the turf blocks at intervals;

the mixing and stacking are as follows: stacking the turf blocks without specific arrangement;

the stacking is as follows: the turf blocks are directly stacked in an overlapping manner.

In the invention, the specific way of stacking the framework at intervals comprises the following steps: when the turf blocks are stacked and stored, stacking is adopted, geocells are laid among the turf blocks, the number of stacked turf blocks is 2-5, the height of each geocell is 5-20cm, the side length of each geocell is 14-20 cm, and holes are formed in the side face of each geocell.

According to the invention, the peeled turf blocks and the geocell are laid layer by layer at intervals, and a form of laying turf blocks, namely the geocell layer, the turf blocks, the geocell layer and the turf blocks at intervals is formed from the bottom layer to the top layer by taking the stacking number of the turf blocks as 3 layers as an example.

The invention can flexibly set the stacking layers according to the pressure bearing capacity of the geocell, and can select the performance parameters of the geocell, such as height, grid side length, material performance and the like, according to the stacking layers, so that the pressure bearing capacity of the geocell can meet the protection requirement of the set stacking turf layer. The geocell can be made of hard plastics.

In the invention, the spread area of each layer of the geocell when being stacked is the same as the surface area of the piled turf blocks.

Preferably, fixing pieces (which can be iron nails) are adopted to fix the geocell in a delta-shaped arrangement. In actual operation, the hard plastic earthwork standard chambers with the air holes on the side surface of each standard chamber can be flatly paved on the ground surface, unfolded and fixed in a delta shape by iron nails to be used as interlayer supporting frameworks of the turf blocks.

In the invention, one or more of stones, gravels and surface soil are filled in the cells of the geocell at intervals.

For the geocell with larger area, stones, gravels, surface soil and the like can be filled in the middle at intervals to strengthen the support performance of the geocell, which is beneficial to strengthening the support performance of the geocell and can ensure the ventilation requirement of the turf blocks.

In the invention, the turf pile formed after the turf blocks are stacked is covered with a grass blanket, a sunshade net, non-woven fabrics or geotextile. So as to be beneficial to the water retention performance of the pile body and reduce the evaporation and the loss of water, and the covering material with good air permeability is adopted, so that the heat exchange of the air of the turf pile body can be ensured.

In the invention, the turf blocks are peeled from a meadow steppe, and the meadow steppe is a plain meadow steppe and/or a mountain meadow steppe;

if the meadow steppe is a plain meadow steppe, the specification of the turf blocks is as follows: length × width × thickness (50-100) cm × (30-50) cm × 20 cm;

if the meadow steppe is a mountain meadow steppe, the specification of the turf blocks is as follows: length × width × thickness (20-50) cm × (25-50) cm × 20 cm;

the method has the advantages that the sources of turf block stripping are defined according to the vegetation types, so that turf stripping work in a dry grassland area is avoided, and the pertinence of the work can be improved; meanwhile, the requirements on the flatness of the terrain during operation of the construction machine and the weight of the turf blocks during manual operation are met, the difficulty and the easiness in carrying are comprehensively considered, the stripping specifications and sizes of different areas are set, and the stripping efficiency can be improved pertinently.

In the invention, when the grass sheets are used for re-planting, if the surface to be planted is a plane, the stored or stacked grass sheets are directly paved; if the surface to be paved is a slope, paving the stored or stacked turf blocks and the geocell back on the slope at intervals along the contour line in a strip shape, filling soil in the geocell and sowing plants;

and/or when the turf blocks and the geocell are used for re-planting together, the geocell strip is positioned between the grazing way and the turf block strip.

In the invention, the concrete mode of the slope surface replanting and utilizing comprises the following steps:

(1) paving the piled turf blocks into a first turf block strip along a slope contour line, and embedding a plurality of T-shaped clamping pieces on one side, facing the top end of the slope, of the first turf block strip to enable the vertical part of each T-shaped clamping piece to be embedded below the first turf block strip, wherein one transverse part of each T-shaped clamping piece is vertically penetrated into slope soil close to the side surface of the first turf block strip, and the other transverse part of each T-shaped clamping piece is vertical to the slope and provided with a fixing hole;

(2) spreading the geocell adjacent to the first turf block strip into a geocell strip, and fixing the geocell strip and the first turf block strip by using a fixing clamp to penetrate through the fixing hole from one side of the geocell; then, continuously paving the turf blocks on one side, facing the top end of the slope, of the geocell strip along the contour lines to form a second turf block strip, fixing the second turf block strip and the geocell strip by adopting a plurality of T-shaped clamping pieces directly, and repeating the steps (1) - (2) until the whole slope is fully paved;

(3) in the area where the geocell strip is not adjacent to the turf block strip, the geocell is additionally fixed on the slope soil; and filling soil in the cells of the geocell strip and sowing.

The invention relates to a method for paving a turf block and a geocell in a back-paving manner, which is different from the conventional consideration of keeping the moisture on the slope surface, the turf block, the geocell and the soil at the bottom are tightly fixed by a T-shaped clamping piece, the characteristic that the root system layer of the turf block is compact, the T-shaped clamping piece is tightly fixed with the root system layer and the turf block is not influenced by freezing is utilized to firmly fix the geocell by matching with the supplement fixation of the geocell (a clamping nail can be adopted) and simultaneously being combined with the laying of a turf block strip, so that the problem of freezing damage when the geocell is singly greened is solved, the scouring loss of moisture and silt can be effectively intercepted by the turf block strip arranged on the contour line through the combination of the turf block strip and the seeding of seeds in the geocell, the phenomenon that the soil in the geocell is easy to scour and leave the geocell in suspension due to scouring when the geocell is singly greened is effectively reduced, effectively maintains water and soil, so that the soil fixing and greening method of the geocell can be applied to a freeze-thaw erosion area, successfully combines turf laying and fixing of the geocell organically, and ensures the replanting effect.

Meanwhile, the invention also utilizes the advantage that the geocell can hinder the passing of cloven-hoof animals to a certain extent, and generates the blocking effect on the grazing of cattle and sheep through reasonable layout, thereby playing the role of effectively reducing grazing interference and further protecting the green grassland of the related engineering in the grazing area.

The T-shaped clamping piece and the staple can be made of plastic or metal.

In the invention, the method specifically comprises the following steps:

1) stripping the turf blocks:

to plain meadow steppes, when the turf pieces are peeled, the specification of the turf pieces to be peeled is set as follows: firstly, preparing a steel plate with the length multiplied by the width multiplied by the thickness multiplied by (50-100) cm multiplied by (30-50) cm multiplied by 20cm, wherein the length multiplied by the width is the same as the specification of the turf blocks to be peeled, the thickness of the steel plate is 5mm, the steel plate is welded on the bottom surface of a loader bucket to be used as a cutting blade, and the loader is operated to cut and separate the turf blocks and the lower soil layer;

to mountain meadow steppe, the specification of the turf blocks to be peeled is set as follows: cutting the mountain meadow steppe to form turf grids, and then peeling the turf grids, wherein the length is multiplied by the width and multiplied by the thickness (20-50) cm multiplied by (25-50) cm multiplied by 20 cm; the turf can be cut into rectangular or square turf blocks by adopting a handheld electric saw;

if the meadow steppe to be peeled is an bush meadow, the meadow steppe field needs to be pretreated, and the pretreatment mode is as follows: cutting off the overground part of the irrigation cluster at the same level;

according to the method for stripping the turf blocks, the welding steel plate is used as a cutting blade on the bottom surface of the loader bucket, and the loader is operated to enable the steel plate to cut and separate the turf blocks from the lower soil layer, so that mechanical stripping of plain turf is easier to operate; the pre-treatment requirements for bush meadows, including cutting off the above-ground parts, are imposed, which makes the subsequent turf peeling easier.

2) Stacking the turf blocks, wherein when the stacking method with the framework supported at intervals is adopted, the concrete mode is as follows:

laying a layer of turf blocks as base turf blocks on a stacking site; spreading geocells on the base layer turf blocks, and fixing the positions of the geocells by using fixing pieces; then, the turf blocks and the geocells are paved layer by layer at intervals to form a turf pile, wherein the bottommost layer and the topmost layer are the turf blocks, the number of the stacking layers of the turf blocks is 2-5, and a turf blanket, a sunshade net or non-woven fabric is covered on the surface of the pile body of the turf pile;

performing daily watering management in the stacking period of the turf pile, and performing water replenishing when continuous drought exceeds 15 days;

3) re-planting and utilizing on the slope surface:

paving the turf blocks to form strips, arranging the strips and the strips paved and formed by the geocell at intervals on a slope along contour lines, and fixing the strips, wherein the concrete steps are as follows:

bottom soil reclamation, namely, reclaiming soil on the slope surface to be greened and tamping, wherein the thickness of the soil covering is 5-10 cm;

paving and fixing a turf block strip, namely unfolding the turf block, paving the turf block strip on a slope surface in a strip shape along a contour line to form a turf block strip (the strip width can be determined according to the quantity of available turf), and burying a plurality of T-shaped clamping pieces on one side of the turf block strip, which faces the top end of the slope surface;

paving earthwork standard room strips back, namely unfolding the earthwork standard rooms from top to bottom along the slope surface, and spreading the earthwork standard rooms on the slope surface along contour lines next to the turf blocks;

fixing clamping pieces, namely fixing the geocell strips and the turf block strips together with the T-shaped clamping pieces by adopting fixing clamping nails;

middle reinforcement, namely, in the area where the geocell strip is not adjacent to the turf block strip, the geocell is additionally fixed on slope soil;

filling soil, namely filling soil in the geocell strip until the geocell strip is filled with the soil, compacting, sowing grass seeds on the soil surface, and covering fine soil with the thickness of 1-2cm after sowing;

pressing, namely pressing the soil in the geocell strip and the paved turf block strip to ensure that the sowed seeds are fully combined with the soil, and the paved turf block is tightly combined with the soil below;

covering, namely uniformly covering the turf block strip and the geocell strip with a grass blanket, a sunshade net or non-woven fabric;

4) watering and maintaining after paving:

watering to maintain the soil moist until the grass sowed in the geocell strip becomes lawn, and the paved turf blocks survive.

The invention also provides the use of the method in turf protection or vegetation restoration.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) through categorizing the meadow according to the topographic condition, cut mountain region meadow turf with handheld electric saw, adopt loader bucket bottom surface horizontal welding steel sheet to cut plain meadow turf, can improve turf stripping efficiency by bigger degree ground. In a meadow in a mountain region, the terrain undulation is large, the meadow is not suitable for large-scale mechanical operation, and the turf blocks also need to be manually carried, so that the meadow is more convenient to move by adopting small-scale machinery, and the meadow is more suitable for being cut into small turf blocks according to the reasonable weight capable of being carried manually; and plain area meadow because the topography is flat, and the turf is peeled off thickness and is easily mastered, and the loader conveniently walks, and its power is big, and efficiency of construction is big, cuts through ligature welding steel sheet in the front end, and the efficiency of construction is high, and the turf transport can be accomplished by mechanical integration, consequently more is suitable for cutting into the great turf piece of area. The invention divides the terrain conditions into mountainous regions and plain regions, selects different stripping machines, sets different sizes of turf blocks for turf stripping, and has stronger adaptability compared with the existing technology.

(2) The invention provides a novel turf stacking method, which not only can achieve the stacking effect of a special framework, but also can be recycled in side slope protection due to the fact that geocells are mature products, and can save resources compared with the conventional stacking method.

(3) The method comprises the steps of monitoring the temperature of stacking soil (when the temperature of the soil cannot be measured, air temperature data can be collected for replacement), estimating and judging the range of reduction of the survival coverage of plants according to the temperatures of different seasons and stacking days at the temperature of more than 0 ℃. Considering that the sensitivity of the turf blocks to stacking is different in different climatic seasons and the stacking time is different, different stacking schemes are designed, the method can better meet the climatic characteristics of growth, dormancy and the like of the turf blocks, and is favorable for improving the stacking success rate.

In general, the turf replanting technology comprises a plurality of technical links, and the change of the operation mode of each link can influence the turf replanting and environmental repairing effects. When the interval stacking scheme is adopted, stacking space can be saved, stacking survival rate of the turf can be improved to the maximum extent, stacking period is prolonged, follow-up replanting utilization is facilitated, and adverse effects caused by short construction period are avoided. In addition, the support protection material (geocell) in the stacking link is connected with the subsequent greening engineering technology, so that comprehensive utilization is realized, the construction cost is saved, and the resource waste caused by the independent design and manufacture of the stacked frameworks for turf processing by the existing framework stacking method is avoided.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the stacking of turf blocks and geocells (with the framework supports stacked at intervals) according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the core green belt protection of the present invention 2 using the turf strips to secure the geocell strips;

FIG. 3 is a schematic side sectional view of the re-planting and re-paving of geocell and turf blocks of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the result of statistics of the green-turning coverage of turf pieces for various treatments in the embodiment 2 of the present invention;

in the drawings: 1. a turf block; 2. geotechnical grid, 2-1. holes on the side of the grid; 3, fixing a clamp nail by using a T-shaped clamping piece 3-1; 4. slope soil, 4-1, slope bedding; 5. grazing the way; 6. a core green belt; 7. strips of sod pieces; 8. geocell strip.

Detailed Description

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples. It is to be understood that the following examples are given for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and alterations of this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention.

The experimental procedures used in the following examples are all conventional procedures unless otherwise specified. Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

In the specific embodiment of the invention, the coverage test mode of the green turning survival turf comprises the following steps: measuring the green turning condition of all the turf blocks 1 month after the replanting is finished by a needle punching method, calculating the proportion of the green turning part as green turning coverage (%), counting 10 samples per treatment, and taking an arithmetic average value.

Example 1

Overview of the implementation: the elevation along a road engineering line is 4000-5000 m, and the line mainly comprises two types of mountain landforms and plain landforms. Several meadow vegetation types such as alpine willow bush meadows, snow horizon rhododendron bush meadows, ghost arrow caragana bush meadows, alpine meadows and the like are distributed along a road, along-line climate is cold, plant propagation and growth are difficult, the ecological environment is fragile, and once ecological damage occurs, recovery is difficult. The highway construction method comprises the following steps of dividing a highway into two sections, wherein one section is located in a mountain section and mainly comprises various bush meadow types, and the meadow turf coverage is 90%; the two sections are mainly located in plain sections, a 5km long road section is adjacent to a reservoir, roadside vegetation is mainly an alpine meadow, the coverage of meadow turf required to be peeled is 90%, land blocks capable of peeling turf blocks mainly comprise roadbed occupation, soil taking fields and construction camp turf blocks, and the land requiring replanting turf blocks comprises roadbed slopes, construction campuses and the like.

Example 1 (two paragraphs):

the coverage of the meadow turf required to be stripped in the two standard sections is 90%, meteorological stations are arranged in villages and towns along the two standard sections, the work is planned to be performed in 5 months, through collecting the data of the meteorological stations for performing the work, the daily average temperature exceeds 5 ℃ continuously for 5 days in 5-month ten days, the construction of the slope of the general roadbed section can be completed for turf planting in 1 month, and the construction of the slope of the roadbed of the reservoir road section needs 3 months. In the construction organization, the activity reduction amplitude of the peeled turf blocks 1 is predicted, and the activity reduction amplitude of the peeled turf blocks 1 in spring is 30%/30 d, so that the activity of the peeled turf blocks is reduced to 50000m according to the general roadbed paragraph ² After the side slope is completely calculated for 1 month, the predicted reduction amplitude of the activity is less than 40 percent, so the turf blocks 1 are directly stripped, mixed and piled on the road side, and the turf blocks 1 are paved again after the roadbed side slope is formed;

and (3) estimated completion calculation of 3 months is carried out according to the roadbed slope of the reservoir section, at the moment, if the peeled turf blocks 1 are stacked in a common mixing mode, the activity is reduced by more than 40%, so that the turf blocks are stacked in a mode of supporting and stacking the turf blocks at intervals by adopting a geocell 2 framework, and a part of the turf blocks 1 are additionally arranged and compared in a mixing and stacking mode (a comparison group).

The specific stripping and stacking of the turf blocks 1 adopts the following procedures:

and (3) turf stripping: utilize at the horizontal welding steel sheet of loader bucket bottom surface for cutting turf piece 1, steel sheet thickness is 5mm, and 1 specification of peel off turf piece is: the length, width and thickness are 100cm multiplied by 30cm multiplied by 20 cm. The stripping date is 5 months and 10 days-6 months and 10 days.

And (3) stacking the turf:

for the turf blocks for replanting the side slope of a common roadbed section, wasteland with low roadside coverage is selected as a stacking field, a mixed stacking mode is adopted, namely, peeled turf blocks 1 are not separated from soil peeled below the peeled turf blocks, and specific arrangement of the turf blocks 1 is not carried out, the peeled turf blocks are directly mixed and stacked into a pile, in order to facilitate watering, the height of the pile is controlled to be below 1.5m, rolling and excessive trampling on the pile are avoided in stacking, and a sunshade net covers the surface of the stacked turf blocks.

For the turf blocks used for the roadbed side slope of the reservoir road section, when the turf blocks 1 are stacked and stored, 3 layers of the turf blocks 1 are stacked in a stacking mode (the schematic sectional view is shown in figure 1), geocells 2 are laid among the turf blocks 1, the height of each geocell 2 is 10cm, the side length of each grid is 14cm, and the side face of each geocell is provided with a hole 2-1. During stacking, firstly, laying base layer turf blocks 1, controlling the laying range according to the length and the width of the whole geocell 2, laying the geocell 2 on the base layer turf blocks 1 after the turf blocks 1 are laid, fully unfolding the geocell 2, fixing each geocell in a delta shape by using iron nails, filling gravels of one geocell (with the side length of the grid being 14cm wide) at intervals of 50cm, increasing the supporting force of the geocell 2, then laying the upper layer turf blocks 1 and the upper layer geocell 2 in sequence, finally laying the uppermost layer turf blocks 1, covering a sunshade net on the surface of the uppermost layer turf blocks 1 after the laying is completed, and watering and maintaining.

The turf blocks 1 as a mixed pile-up comparison are directly piled up in a pile (treated the same as the turf blocks 1 for the replanting of a general roadbed section slope, without specific arrangement).

Replanting turf blocks 1 and filling soil in the geocell 2 for sowing:

after the roadbed section side slope is finished after 1 month, the mixed and stacked turf blocks 1 are directly paved on the side slope.

After the roadbed side slope of the reservoir section is finished after 3 months (namely 8 months), the turf blocks 1 which are supported and stacked at intervals by adopting the framework of the geocell 2 are replanted on the side slope, and the schematic side cross-sectional view of replanting the geocell 2 and the turf blocks 1 is shown in figure 3. Before re-planting, firstly arranging the slope lawn bed, and taking the poor soil quality of the whole slope into consideration, re-filling surface soil (slope surface soil filling 4-1) with the thickness of about 5cm, then re-planting a turf block strip 7 with the width of 30cm close to the slope toe along the contour line, pressing and burying a plurality of T-shaped clamping pieces 3 at one side of the turf block strip 7, which faces the top end of the upper slope surface, so that the vertical part of each T-shaped clamping piece 3 is pressed and buried under the turf block strip 7, one transverse part of each T-shaped clamping piece 3 is vertically penetrated into the slope surface soil 4 close to the side surface of the turf block strip 7, and the other transverse part of each T-shaped clamping piece 3 is vertical to the slope surface and is provided with a fixing hole; spreading the geocell 2 close to the turf block strip 7 into a geocell strip 8, then penetrating a fixing hole from one side of the geocell 2 by using a fixing staple bolt 3-1, and fixing the geocell strip 8 and the turf block strip 7 together; additionally fixing the area of the geocell strip 8 which is not adjacent to the turf block strip 7 on the slope soil by adopting an attachment clip; paving a turf strip 7 on the paved geocell strip 8 along a contour line, fixing the turf strip and the geocell strip by the T-shaped clamping piece 3, and then repeating the operation to pave the turf strip 7 and the geocell strip 8 at intervals; and then filling soil in the cells of all the geocell strips 8 and sowing: the method specifically comprises the steps of filling soil in the geocell strip 8 until the geocell strip is filled with the soil, tamping, sowing grass seeds on the soil surface, and covering fine soil with the thickness of 1-2cm after sowing. Finally, the soil in the geocell strip 8 and the paved turf block strip 7 are pressed, so that the sowing seeds are fully combined with the soil, and the paved turf block 1 is tightly combined with the soil below.

Covering: the whole slope surface is covered with non-woven fabrics and is watered normally for maintenance.

And (4) observing results: statistics is carried out on the re-planting survival conditions of the turf blocks, and the results show that the turf blocks which are mixed and stacked for one month (re-planted on the slope of the common roadbed section) are adopted after stripping, the coverage of the green-returning survival turf is 61.5%, and the coverage is reduced by 28.5%; after stripping, the earthwork standard room is adopted to assist in stacking the turf blocks for three months (re-planted on the roadbed slope of the reservoir section), the coverage of the green returning survival turf is 50%, and compared with the turf blocks which are stacked for three months in a mixed mode, the coverage of the green returning survival turf is only 3%, and therefore the method proves that after the reduction range of the spring mixed stacking survival rate is predicted, the re-planting effect can be well guaranteed, and the stacking effect of the turf blocks can be improved due to the earthwork standard room framework support.

Continuous observation after one year shows that a large amount of fine trench erosion occurs on the side direct seeding grass planting slope (contrast). Meanwhile, the combination of the soil engineering grid chambers after the replanting and the turf blocks is good, the phenomenon of large water and soil loss in the grid chambers does not occur, the erosion of the fine ditches does not occur, the phenomenon that the grid chambers are positioned on the soil surface due to freezing and drawing does not occur, and the relative elevation of the top of the grid chambers and the road surface does not change obviously. The slope greening is carried out by adopting a mode of combining the geocell and the turf block, and good effect is obtained.

Example 2 (one paragraph):

the first section is a mountain section, the climate is slightly cold, no weather station is arranged around the section, and the temperature and the earth temperature change need to be monitored automatically. Along the way, a plurality of meadow vegetation types such as a high mountain willow brush meadow, a snow layer rhododendron brush meadow, a ghost arrow caragana brush meadow and the like are mainly distributed, and the turf vegetation coverage degree is 83%. In the construction organization, carry out the preliminary treatment to meadow place earlier, clean ground earlier and cut down irritate clump overground part, the auxiliary electric saw manual operation of reuse mini-excavator peels off turf piece 1, peels off turf piece 1 specification and is: the length, width and thickness are 20cm, 50cm and 50 cm. The stripping construction is carried out in 8 months and 10 days, the daily average temperature is continuously kept between 5 and 15 ℃ for 5 days during the construction, the roadbed of the road section is more in excavated fill, the expected construction period is long, the transportation is difficult, a plurality of soil taking pits left in the construction of the previous roads on the road side can be replanted by combining turf stacking, and the roadbed side slope can be completed in 5 to 7 months in the next year.

The activity decreasing amplitude of the peeled turf blocks 1 is predicted in construction, the peeled turf blocks 1 are stacked from the time of construction (last 8 months in summer), the activity decreasing amplitude is 15%/30 d, according to historical data, the temperature is reduced to below 5 ℃ from 9 months, the stacking days from 9 months to 4 months in the next year are about 60 days, according to the past construction experience, considering that the temperature of frozen ice in the pile in spring is lower, the low-temperature period can be prolonged compared with the common ground temperature, calculating the stacking days of more than 0 ℃ from 9 months to 5 months of the next year for 60 days, predicting the stacking activity according to the survival rate reduction range of 10%/30 d, the reduction range from 9 months to the next 5 months is 20 percent, and the reduction range of the whole month after 8 months of stripping construction is 15 percent, the activity of the turf blocks 1 planted again by 5 months in the next year is predicted to be reduced by 35%, and the requirement of the green turning survival rate (activity) > 40% can be basically met by designing and mixing the stacks.

In the construction, the peeled turf blocks 1 are mixed and stacked, the temperature and humidity change of soil is monitored by adopting TDR (time domain reflectometry) for automatically transmitting recorded data in a stack, and the stack is covered with thick non-woven fabric for moisturizing. During actual stacking, the daily average temperature of the stack is reduced from 14 ℃ of 8 months and 10 days to 0-5 ℃ of 9 months and 23 days later, and is reduced to below 0 ℃ of 10 months and 2 days later. In the re-planting process, according to the construction progress, the grass sod re-planting (summer end mixed stacking group) of some soil taking pits is respectively carried out when 8-month and 30-month sod (stacking for 20d) and 9-month and 23-month sod (stacking for 44d) are peeled in autumn of the current year, the rest grass sod blocks 1 are continuously stacked, and winter irrigation is fully carried out before the soil is frozen in winter. Stacking to 5 middle ten days of the next spring, wherein the air temperature is above 0 ℃, but the temperature of the heap is still less than 0 ℃, and the temperature of the heap rises to 5 ℃ continuously for 5 days after 6 months and 15 days. In order to reduce the activity decline, a plurality of turf piles are turned over, turf blocks 1 are placed on the geocell 2 to be supported and stacked at intervals by the frameworks, the method is carried out on the ground 1, meanwhile, a plurality of turf blocks 1 (winter mixed pile group) are used for replanting, a small part of pile bodies are kept still, and the comparison group for continuous mixed stacking is used. After the roadbed slopes are formed in batches at 7 months, 15 days and 31 days, turning over the mixed-stacking and geocell framework-supported stacked turf piles in batches, and replanting the turf piles on the slopes (a spring mixed-stacking group and a spring geocell stacking group respectively) according to the implementation method 1.

When the turf blocks 1 are replanted and paved again, the livestock grazing channel beside the green land is considered, serious grazing interference can be generated on large newly-planted vegetation in a green area, and meanwhile, the geocell 2 stacked with the framework is recycled. For this purpose, the geocell 2 is fixed by the turf strips 7, and the geocell strip 8 structure formed by the geocell 2 is used as a core greenbelt area for preventing animals from entering the core greenbelt area, and the following planning layout method is adopted:

identifying a grazing passage of an area, planning and setting a restricted access area in a site to be greened, and arranging a geocell strip 8 in the area and fixing the geocell strip 8 at two sides of the area by using a replanting turf block strip 7 so that the geocell strip 8 can prevent livestock animals from entering a core greenbelt area; the specific operation is as follows:

1) firstly, covering a layer of bottom soil on a green field: covering soil on the slope to be greened, paving the soil with the thickness of 5-10cm, and tamping the soil;

2) spreading the piled turf blocks 1 on one side far away from the pasture path, paving the turf blocks on a slope in a strip shape along the contour line, then spreading and fixing the geocell strips 8 according to the mode of the implementation ground 1, and repeating the operations to lay the turf block strips 7 and the geocell strips 8 at intervals, fill soil and sow the turf blocks and the geocell strips 8 to form a core green belt 6;

3) paving a turf block strip 7, a geocell strip 8 and a turf block strip 7 at a position close to one side of a pastoral path where livestock can possibly enter a green field, wherein the fixed geocell 2 is used as a barrier for preventing livestock from entering a core green belt 6, the width of the geocell strip 8 is 1-2m, when the turf block strip 7 is paved by a pastoral path 5, then the geocell 2 is unfolded from top to bottom to form the geocell strip 8 by being tightly close to the turf block strip 7, the other side of the geocell strip 8 is fixed by the turf block strip 7 by paving the other side of the geocell strip 8 by the geocell strip 7, the geocell 2 is fixed by a binding rope or a staple in an area of the geocell strip 8 which is not close to the turf block strip 7, and the fixing methods are implemented in the same way 1; covering the geocell strip 8 with filling soil, firstly filling half of the soil, then sowing, compacting the cellular chamber after sowing, and keeping the upper geocell 2 exposed to the air; the geocell strip 8 is laid in the above method for other areas where livestock may enter the green space until the green space is surrounded by the geocell strip 8. The specific schematic diagram is shown in fig. 2.

4) Covering with grass blanket, sunshade net or non-woven fabric, and maintaining.

5) In the watering maintenance after the re-paving, the watering maintains the soil to be moist after the seeding until the vegetation is seeded in the geocell 2.

The survival effect of the planted turf is monitored, the green returning survival coverage of the replanted turf blocks of each batch is observed in a sampling mode, the counted days with various treatment temperatures of >0 ℃ and the green returning survival coverage are plotted, and the result is shown in a figure 4.

As can be seen from fig. 4, the turf blocks peeled off at 8 months and 10 days in the last year have the original herbaceous vegetation coverage of 83% (corresponding to the starting point of the abscissa), and the striking greens coverage observed in the sampling of the next year are 71.2% ± 8.4%, 59.9% ± 9.4% and 44.2% ± 1.4% for the three replanted turf batches at 8 months and 30 days, 9 months and 23 days in the soil pit, and 6 months and 15 days in the next year. According to the effect of the statistical fitting method of the data in the graph, the linear relation between the stacking day number at 0 ℃ and the vegetation survival coverage is good, the descending rates of the mixed stacking survival coverage in summer, autumn, winter and spring are respectively 16.1%/30 d, 10.9%/30 d and 29.1%/30 d, and the descending rates are closer to the descending ranges of the prediction standards adopted in each period, namely 15%/30 d in summer and autumn, 10%/30 d in winter and spring and 30%/30 d in spring and summer. The slope of a return surface coverage fitting line of the piled body supported by the geocell framework in the next year is more moderate than that of mixed piling, the green return coverage of 15 days in 7 months is 33.5 +/-7.8%, the green return coverage of mixed piling is 15.3 +/-3.2%, and in 31 days in the last 7 months of the piling period, the green return coverage of the piled body supported by the geocell framework is 20.2 +/-5.6%, and is also greatly higher than the green return coverage of mixed piling by 2.5 +/-2.5%, so that the excellent effect of supporting and piling of the geocell framework is proved.

In addition, after multiple practices, the obtained actual reduction rate is close to the prediction standard of the invention, which shows that the prediction standard used by the invention is reasonable in design and can better represent the change of the survival rate of the turf.

After one year, the implementation side slope is observed again, and the soil and water conservation effect of the side slope formed by combining the geocell and the turf blocks is good, the damage degree of vegetation is relatively low due to grazing, the hoof prints of livestock in the middle of the geocell are less in distribution and are not damaged due to freezing and pulling, and the vegetation coverage degree in the middle of the geocell reaches 60.0% +/-3.2%; and the control slope adopting direct seeding for greening has a large amount of water and soil loss and is greatly influenced by grazing, the coverage of the seeding vegetation is only 40.0 +/-2.3 percent, and therefore, the slope greening by adopting a mode of combining a geocell and a turf block has good effect.

Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims (9)

1. A method for re-planting and utilizing turf is characterized in that after turf is peeled off, the vitality of turf blocks is predicted when re-planting is finished according to the stacking season and the predicted stacking time length of the peeled turf blocks, the stacking mode of the turf blocks is selected according to the prediction result, and then the turf blocks are stacked and used for re-planting; if the predicted activity is more than or equal to 40%, stacking the turf blocks in a mixing or laminating mode, and if the predicted activity is less than 40%, stacking the turf blocks by adopting a framework interval supporting method;

the prediction method of the activity of the turf blocks comprises the following steps: when the temperature is 5cm in spring or the temperature reaches 5 ℃ or more after 5 days, the survival rate is reduced by 30% every 30 days; when the stack is at 5cm ground temperature at the end of summer or the temperature is 5-15 ℃ continuously for 5 days, predicting according to the 15% reduction of the survival rate per 30 days of stack; when the stack is in a period below 5 ℃ in winter and early spring, the stack day at the temperature of more than 0 ℃ is used for prediction according to the reduction of 10% of the survival rate per 30 stacked days;

the stacking method of the framework interval support comprises the following steps: when the turf blocks are stripped and stacked for storage, the geocell with the side holes is used as a framework supporting material and is arranged among the turf blocks at intervals;

the mixing and stacking are as follows: stacking the turf blocks without specific arrangement;

the stacking is as follows: directly stacking the turf blocks in an overlapped manner;

and (5) replanting by using the piled turf blocks.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the spaced support of the framework is stacked by: when the turf blocks are stacked and stored, stacking is adopted, geocells are laid among the turf blocks, the number of stacked turf blocks is 2-5, the height of each geocell is 5-20cm, the side length of each geocell is 14-20 cm, and holes are formed in the side face of each geocell.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein each layer of said geocell, when stacked, has an expanded area that is the same as the surface area of the pieces of sod that are stacked;

and/or one or more of sand and earth are filled in the cells of the geocell at intervals so as to increase the supporting force of the geocell;

and/or the outside of the turf pile formed after the turf blocks are stacked is covered with a grass blanket, a sunshade net, non-woven fabrics or geotextile.

4. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the pieces of turf are peeled from a meadow steppe, the meadow steppe being a plain meadow steppe and/or a mountain meadow steppe;

if the meadow steppe is a plain meadow steppe, the specification of the turf pieces is as follows: length × width × thickness (50-100) cm × (30-50) cm × 20 cm;

if the meadow steppe is a mountain meadow steppe, the specification of the turf blocks is as follows: length × width × thickness (20-50) cm × (25-50) cm × 20 cm.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, in the re-planting, if the surface to be planted is a plane, the preserved or stacked turf blocks are directly laid; if the surface to be paved is a slope, paving the stored or stacked turf blocks and the geocell back on the slope at intervals along the contour line in a strip shape, filling soil in the geocell and sowing plants;

and/or when the turf blocks and the geocell are used for re-planting together, the geocell strip is positioned between the grazing way and the turf block strip.

6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the specific manner of re-implantation on the slope surface comprises:

(1) paving the piled turf blocks into a first turf block strip along a slope contour line, and embedding a plurality of T-shaped clamping pieces on one side, facing the top end of the slope, of the first turf block strip to enable the vertical part of each T-shaped clamping piece to be embedded below the first turf block strip, wherein one transverse part of each T-shaped clamping piece is vertically penetrated into slope soil close to the side surface of the first turf block strip, and the other transverse part of each T-shaped clamping piece is vertical to the slope and provided with a fixing hole;

(2) spreading the geocell adjacent to the first turf block strip into a geocell strip, and fixing the geocell strip and the first turf block strip by using a fixing clamp to penetrate through the fixing hole from one side of the geocell; then, continuously paving the turf blocks on one side, facing the top end of the slope, of the geocell strip along the contour line to form a second turf block strip, fixing the second turf block strip and the geocell strip by adopting a plurality of T-shaped clamping pieces, and repeating the steps (1) - (2) until the whole slope is fully paved;

(3) in the area where the geocell strip is not adjacent to the turf block strip, the geocell is additionally fixed on the slope soil; and filling soil in the cells of the geocell strip and sowing seeds.

7. A method according to any of claims 1-3, characterized in that the method comprises:

1) stripping the turf blocks:

to plain meadow steppes, when the turf pieces are peeled, the specification of the turf pieces to be peeled is set as follows: firstly, preparing a steel plate with the length multiplied by the width multiplied by the thickness multiplied by (50-100) cm multiplied by (30-50) cm multiplied by 20cm, wherein the length multiplied by the width is the same as the specification of the turf blocks to be peeled, the thickness of the steel plate is 5mm, the steel plate is welded on the bottom surface of a loader bucket to be used as a cutting blade, and the loader is operated to cut and separate the turf blocks and the lower soil layer;

for mountain meadow steppes, the specification of turf blocks to be peeled is set as follows: cutting the mountain meadow steppe to form a turf lattice, and then peeling the turf lattice;

if the meadow steppe to be stripped is an bush meadow, the meadow steppe field needs to be pretreated, and the pretreatment mode is as follows: cutting off the overground part of the irrigation cluster at the same level as the ground;

2) stacking the turf blocks, wherein when the stacking method with the framework supported at intervals is adopted, the concrete mode is as follows:

laying a layer of turf blocks as base turf blocks on a stacking site; spreading geocells on the base layer turf blocks, and fixing the positions of all the geocells by fixing pieces; then, the turf blocks and the geocells are laid layer by layer at intervals to form a turf pile, wherein the bottommost layer and the upmost layer of the turf pile are the turf blocks, the number of stacking layers of the turf blocks is 2-5, and a turf blanket, a sunshade net or non-woven fabric is covered on the surface of a pile body of the turf pile;

performing daily watering management in the stacking period of the turf pile, and performing water replenishing when continuous drought exceeds 15 days;

3) re-planting and utilizing on the slope surface:

paving the turf blocks to form strips, arranging the strips and the strips paved and formed by the geocell at intervals on a slope along contour lines, and fixing the strips, wherein the concrete steps are as follows:

bottom soil reclamation, namely, reclaiming soil on the slope surface to be greened and tamping, wherein the thickness of the soil covering is 5-10 cm;

paving and fixing a turf block strip, namely unfolding the turf block, paving the turf block strip on the slope along a contour line in a strip shape to form a turf block strip, and burying a plurality of T-shaped clamping pieces on one side of the turf block strip, which faces the top end of the slope;

paving earthwork standard room strips back, namely unfolding the earthwork standard rooms from top to bottom along the slope surface, and spreading the earthwork standard rooms on the slope surface along contour lines next to the turf blocks;

a fixing clamp piece adopts a fixing staple bolt and fixes the geocell strip and the turf block strip together with the T-shaped clamp piece;

middle reinforcement, namely supplementing and fixing the geocell on slope soil in the area where the geocell strip is not adjacent to the turf block strip;

filling soil, namely filling soil in the geocell strip until the geocell strip is filled with the soil, compacting, sowing grass seeds on the soil surface, and covering fine soil with the thickness of 1-2cm after sowing;

pressing, namely pressing the soil in the geocell strip and the paved turf block strip to ensure that the sowed seeds are fully combined with the soil, and the paved turf block is tightly combined with the soil below;

covering, namely uniformly covering the turf block strip and the geocell strip with a grass blanket, a sunshade net or non-woven fabric;

4) watering and maintaining after paving:

watering to maintain the soil moist until the grass sowed in the geocell strip becomes lawn, and the paved turf blocks survive.

8. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that it comprises:

1) stripping the turf blocks:

to plain meadow steppes, when the turf pieces are peeled, the specification of the turf pieces to be peeled is set as follows: firstly, preparing a steel plate with the length multiplied by the width multiplied by the thickness multiplied by (50-100) cm multiplied by (30-50) cm multiplied by 20cm, wherein the length multiplied by the width is the same as the specification of the turf blocks to be peeled, the thickness of the steel plate is 5mm, the steel plate is welded on the bottom surface of a loader bucket to be used as a cutting blade, and the loader is operated to cut and separate the turf blocks and the lower soil layer;

to mountain meadow steppe, the specification of the turf blocks to be peeled is set as follows: cutting the mountain meadow steppe to form turf grids, and then peeling the turf grids, wherein the length is multiplied by the width and multiplied by the thickness (20-50) cm multiplied by (25-50) cm multiplied by 20 cm;

2) stacking the turf blocks, wherein when a framework interval supporting stacking method is adopted, the concrete mode is as follows:

laying a layer of turf blocks as base turf blocks on a stacking site; spreading geocells on the base layer turf blocks, and fixing the positions of all the geocells by fixing pieces; then, the turf blocks and the geocells are paved layer by layer at intervals to form a turf pile, wherein the bottommost layer and the topmost layer are the turf blocks, the number of the stacking layers of the turf blocks is 2-5, and a turf blanket, a sunshade net or non-woven fabric is covered on the surface of the pile body of the turf pile;

performing daily watering management in the stacking period of the turf pile, and performing water replenishing when continuous drought exceeds 15 days;

3) re-planting and utilizing on the slope surface:

paving the turf blocks to form strips, arranging the strips and the strips paved and formed by the geocell at intervals on a slope along contour lines, and fixing the strips, wherein the concrete steps are as follows:

covering bottom soil, namely covering soil on the slope to be greened and tamping, wherein the thickness of the covering soil is 5-10 cm;

paving and fixing a turf block strip, namely unfolding the turf block, paving the turf block strip on the slope along a contour line in a strip shape to form a turf block strip, and burying a plurality of T-shaped clamping pieces on one side of the turf block strip, which faces the top end of the slope;

paving earthwork standard room strips back, namely unfolding the earthwork standard rooms from top to bottom along the slope surface, and spreading the earthwork standard rooms on the slope surface along contour lines next to the turf blocks;

a fixing clamp piece adopts a fixing staple bolt and fixes the geocell strip and the turf block strip together with the T-shaped clamp piece;

middle reinforcement, namely, in the area where the geocell strip is not adjacent to the turf block strip, the geocell is additionally fixed on slope soil;

filling soil, namely filling soil in the geocell strip until the geocell strip is filled with the soil, compacting, broadcasting grass seeds on the soil surface, and covering fine soil with the thickness of 1-2cm after sowing;

compacting, namely compacting the soil in the geocell strip and the paved turf block strip to ensure that the sowing seeds are fully combined with the soil and the paved turf block is tightly combined with the soil below;

covering, namely uniformly covering the turf block strip and the geocell strip with a grass blanket, a sunshade net or non-woven fabric;

4) watering and maintaining after paving:

watering to maintain the soil moist until the grass seeds sowed in the geocell strips form lawn, and enabling the paved turf blocks to survive.

9. Use of the method of any one of claims 1-8 for turf protection or vegetation restoration.

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