CN113278543A - 一株经复合诱变获得的高产surfactin的枯草芽孢杆菌及其发酵方法 - Google Patents
一株经复合诱变获得的高产surfactin的枯草芽孢杆菌及其发酵方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113278543A CN113278543A CN202110491359.3A CN202110491359A CN113278543A CN 113278543 A CN113278543 A CN 113278543A CN 202110491359 A CN202110491359 A CN 202110491359A CN 113278543 A CN113278543 A CN 113278543A
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- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一株Surfactin高产诱变菌株,所述高产菌株为枯草芽孢杆菌,其保藏号为GDMCC No:61604。本发明的高产诱变菌株是通过紫外线结合硫酸二乙酯和航天复合诱变的方法获得,其诱变成功率高,效果显著,该菌株surfactin产量显著增高、活性增强,可有效地抗革兰氏阴性致病菌和革兰氏阳性致病菌,且发泡性能增强,乳化能力提高,排油性增强,既可以用于食品领域,化妆品日用品领域,也可以应用于禽畜领域、石油领域,具有很好地应用推广前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于微生物技术领域,具体涉及一株复合诱变获得的高产surfactin的枯草芽孢杆菌及其发酵方法。
背景技术
随着各个行业的发展,世界对表面活性剂的需求逐年增加。有研究表明,2015-2022年期间,全球表面活性剂销量增长率为5.4%,销售额增长率为5.9%;到2020年,全球表面活性剂市场将达到427亿美元,市场总量将达到2280.2万吨。目前,使用的表面活性剂大多数是化学表面活性剂,应用量非常大,但使用后容易出现环境污染的问题。因此未来表面活性剂的发展趋势是朝向绿色、无污染以及高效性的方向进行。生物表面活性剂是经济上最受欢迎的生物技术产品,在不同的工业环境下,其经济、利润和威胁都超过了化学表面活性剂。
表面活性素(surfactin)是一种很有前途的微生物表面活性剂,只需少量剂量就可以使其溶液体系的界面状态发生明显变化。Surfactin是由多种细菌,真菌和酵母通过称为非核糖体肽合成酶(NRPS)的多酶复合物合成的两亲性分子。自Arima等首次发现surfactin后,其结构、合成方式、特性、功能等就不断被发掘。在结构上,由于surfactin的脂肪酸部分(如长度、饱和、分支或羟基化)和肽链中氨基酸的类型和序列不固定,可以由多个组合,所以,surfactin通常是以多个同系物的混合形式共存于细胞中。Surfactin比市售的合成表面活性剂具有多个优势,例如高发泡能力、低生态毒性、温和的生产条件以及在极端的pH,盐度和温度下具有较高的稳定活性,最重要的是它具有高度的生物降解性,因此具有巨大的商业价值。然而,surfactin的低的生物合成效率和高生产成本限制了其工业化生产。因此,获得高产surfactin的菌株成为本领域技术人员亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明通过诱变育种提高了枯草芽孢杆菌枯草亚种菌株的产表面活性素的能力,获得一株高产surfactin的枯草芽孢杆菌,将其命名为:FHYB-201030,分类学名称为:Bacillus subtilis并保藏于广东省微生物菌种保藏中心;获得保藏号GDMCC No:61604;保藏日期:2021年04月13日;保藏地址:中国广州市先烈中路100号59号楼五楼广东省微生物研究所。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
本发明提供了一株Surfactin高产诱变菌株,该高产菌株为枯草芽孢杆菌亚种,己于2021年04月13日保藏于广东省微生物菌种保藏中心,保藏号为GDMCC No:61604,地址为中国广州市先烈中路100号59号楼五楼广东省微生物研究所。
本发明所提供的Surfactin高产菌株枯草芽孢杆菌是由出发菌株枯草芽孢杆菌枯草亚种(Bacillus subtilis subsp.Subtilis,资源编号:BNCC 194013)经航天结合紫外与硫酸二乙酯(DES)复合诱变选育得到。
本发明还提供了枯草芽孢杆菌FHYB-201030在生产Surfactin方面的应用。
本发明还提供了枯草芽孢杆菌FHYB-201030或其发酵产物或含有枯草芽孢杆菌FHYB-201030的菌剂在环境保护领域的应用。
本发明还提供了枯草芽孢杆菌FHYB-201030或其发酵产物或含有枯草芽孢杆菌FHYB-201030的菌剂在抗菌剂中的应用。
优选地,所述抗菌剂为抑制大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌、黑曲霉、根霉、放线菌或红酵母抗菌剂中的任一种。
本发明还提供了枯草芽孢杆菌FHYB-201030或其发酵产物或含有枯草芽孢杆菌FHYB-201030的菌剂在饲料领域或农业领域的应用。
本发明还提供了枯草芽孢杆菌FHYB-201030或其发酵产物或含有枯草芽孢杆菌FHYB-201030的菌剂在食品、医药或化妆品领域的应用。
本发明还提供了利用枯草芽面杆菌FHYB-201030生产Surfactin的方法,包括:挑取菌株FHYB-201030,用营养肉汤培养基培养至对数期,获得种子液,将种子液按3-10%(v/v)的接种量接入发酵培养基装液量为50%的发酵罐中,温度40℃,转速250rpm,培养3天,得到含有Surfactin的发酵液。
优选地,所述发酵培养基的配方为:牛肉膏3g/L,蛋白胨10g/L,NaCl 5g/L,麦芽糖15g/L,山梨醇10g/L,酵母提取物40g/L,酪蛋白30g/L,乳糖35g/L,乳酸5mmol/L,谷氨酸1g/L,MnSO4 1.5mmol/L,培养基pH为7.0。
优选地,所述方法还包括提取surfactin的步骤,所述步骤如下:收集枯草芽面杆菌FHYB-201030的发酵液,离心去除细胞保留上清液;调节pH至2.0使其出现沉淀,4℃静置过夜;离心回收沉淀后冷冻干燥,用无水乙醇萃取后取上清液,放置于37-50℃培养箱中进行浓缩;将浓缩液经滤膜过滤,所述滤液为含有surfactin的提取物。
本发明的有益效果为:本发明使用紫外线—硫酸二乙酯—航天复合诱变的方法获得了一株遗传稳定的高产surfactin的枯草芽孢杆菌FHYB-201030,诱变成功率高,效果显著,该菌株产surfactin产量显著增高、活性增强,可有效地抗革兰氏阴性致病菌和革兰氏阳性致病菌,发泡性能增强,乳化能力提高,排油性增强,既可以用于食品领域,化妆品日用品领域,也可以应用于禽畜领域、石油领域等,具有很好地应用推广前景。
附图说明
图1表面活性素CPC-BTB标准曲线图
图2为HPLC测定枯草芽孢杆菌FHYB-201030发酵液中surfactin产量的示意图(A为surfactin标准品HPLC色谱图;B为发酵中surfactin HPLC色谱图)
图3为诱变菌株遗传稳定性示意图
图4为诱变菌株的生长曲线图
图5为诱变菌株不同浓度表面活性素对PEDV的抑制作用
图6为诱变菌株不同浓度表面活性素对PRRSV的抑制作用
图7为原菌株与诱变菌株发酵液乳化性能图(a:空白对照组;b:原始菌株发酵上清液;c:菌株FHYB201030发酵上清液)
图8为原菌株与诱变菌株的发酵液乳化性能随时间的变化图
图9为原菌株与诱变菌株的发酵液排油圈对比图
图10为诱变菌株YUAN-0.Chr1全基因组图谱(最外圈是基因组序列位置坐标,由外到里,分别是编码基因、基因功能注释结果,包含COG(KOG),KEGG,GO数据库的注释结果信息、ncRNA、基因组GC含量:以窗口(染色体长度/1000)bp,步长(染色体长度/1000)bp来统计GC含量,向内的红色部分表示该区域GC含量低于全基因组平均GC含量,向外的绿色部分与之相反,且峰值越高表示与平均GC含量差值越大、基因组GC skew值:窗口(染色体长度/1000)bp,步长(染色体长度/1000)bp,具体算法为G-C/G+C,向内的粉色部分表示该区域G的含量低于C的含量,向外的浅绿色部分与之相反。)
图11为诱变菌株YUAN-0.Plas1全基因组图谱(由外到里,分别是COG功能注释分类基因(箭头顺时针表示正链编码)、基因组序列位置坐标、基因组GC含量:以窗口500bp,步长20bp来统计,向内的红色部分表示该区域GC含量低于全基因组平均GC含量,向外的绿色部分与之相反,且峰值越高表示与平均GC含量差值越大、基因组GC skew值:以窗口500bp,步长20bp来统计,具体算法为G-C/G+C,向内的粉色部分表示该区域G的含量低于C的含量,向外的浅绿色部分与之相反)
图12为诱变菌株YUAN.0基因簇及相应基因数量统计图
图13为诱变菌株YUAN.0基因功能注释COG功能分类图
图14诱变菌株YUAN.0基因岛中基因分布统计图
图15诱变菌株YUAN.0基因岛中基因分布统计图
图16诱变菌株YUAN.0基因功能注释GO功能分类图
图17诱变菌株YUAN.0基因功能注释KEGG代谢通路分类图
图18诱变菌株YUAN.0CAZy功能分类及相应基因数量统计图
图19诱变菌株YUAN.0基因功能注释TCDB功能分类图
图20诱变菌株全基因组变异图谱
图21诱变菌株YUAN.0_1_SNP_InDel SNP/InDel在基因组上的分布示意图
图22诱变菌株与原菌株的测序深度分布图
图23诱变菌株测序深度在YUAN.0基因组上的分布
图24诱变菌株与原菌株的碱基含量分布图
图25诱变菌株与原菌株的碱基质量分布图
具体实施方式
为了更加简洁明了的展示本发明的技术方案、目的和优点,下面结合具体实施例详细说明本发明的技术方案。如无特殊说明,本发明实施例中所涉及的试剂均为市售产品,均可以通过商业渠道购买获得。
实施例1Surfactin高产菌株复合诱变选育
S1、菌种保藏:出发菌株枯草芽孢杆菌枯草亚种(Bacillus subtilissubsp.Subtilis,资源编号:BNCC 194013)用营养肉汤培养基(NB)培养至对数期后,菌液与甘油1:1混匀,使甘油终浓度为50%,4℃冰箱预冷后,转置于-20℃和-80℃低温冰箱中。
S2、紫外诱变:挑取斜面上的枯草芽孢杆菌菌株接种于NB培养基中,培养至对数期,菌液稀释到合适梯度,涂布血平板,进行紫外诱变,以不照射为对照。除对照组外,均用黑纸包好,于37℃培养24-48h,通过溶血圈与菌落直径比来定性判断挑单菌落、复筛。紫外线诱变的紫外灯功率为20w,照射时间为90s,照射距离为30cm,诱变前需要紫外灯先预热20min,以保证其照射稳定。
S3、紫外-硫酸二乙酯(DES)复合诱变:在经过步骤S2的紫外诱变后,筛选出相对surfactin产量高菌株培养至对数期后,取1mL对数期种子液与1mL DES处理液,DES的浓度为2%,混合均匀,37℃保温30-60min,生理盐水稀释50倍终止反应,取100ul稀释后菌液涂布于血平板,37℃培养24-48h,通过溶血圈与菌落直径比来定性判断挑单菌落、复筛。对照组用超纯水处理种子液,筛选方法与实验组相同。
S4、航天结合紫外-DES复合诱变培养:将经过步骤S3后的菌液稀释并涂布于培养基平板上,配制新鲜半固体牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基,并将培养基转移至0.5mL冻存管中;用接种针沾取少量待接菌种,然后从培养基的中心穿入其底部(但不要穿透),然后沿原刺入路线抽出接种针,注意接种针不要移动;或在冻存管中制备斜面,在斜面上划线。接种后封好样品管,包装完成后移送北京航天公司。以同一块平板的菌体培养物作为地面对照菌株。发射前对照组样品置于4℃冰箱中,飞船升空后,将对照样品置于自然环境。取回搭载样品后与搭载样品同时置于4℃冰箱。搭载后样品的菌体培养物洗脱到10mL无菌水中,稀释梯度涂血平板,培养24-48h后,挑单菌落、复筛。
S5、血平板初筛:利用surfactin的溶血特性,将富集得到的培养液经灭菌的生理盐水稀释一定的倍数后,涂布血琼脂平板上,37℃培养过夜后,挑取溶血圈与菌落直径比大的菌落再次点种至血琼脂平板,验证溶血特性无误后,接种至营养琼脂斜面,进行下一步研究。
血平板的配制方法为:牛肉膏3.0g/L,蛋白胨10g/L,NaCl 5g/L,121℃灭菌15min,待降温至50-60℃后加入50-60mL/L无菌脱纤维羊血,倒平板,静置凝固后使用。
S6、CPC-BTB比色法复筛:0.2mmol/L CPC(氯化十六烷基吡啶)和0.2mmol/L BTB(溴百里酚蓝)等体积混合在0.1mol/L PBS(磷酸缓冲溶液,NaH2P04/Na2HPO4,pH 8.0)中配制成CPC-BTB溶液。在酶标板内分别加入100μL CPC-BTB溶液和20μL样品,25℃下反应5min,使用酶标仪测定其OD600。用标准曲线判断其产量。CPC-BTB标准曲线方程是:y=0.07836+0.000507409x(R2=0.98425),如图1所示的标准曲线。
S7、高效液相色谱法复筛:样品经离心,采用0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤,最后注入HPLC中进行测定,检测采用紫外检测器,色谱柱:COSMOSIL 5C18-AR-II(4.6X250 mm,日本Nacalai Tesque公司);进样量:20μl;柱温:30℃;检测波长:205nm;流速:0.84mL/min;流动相:水(含0.1%TFA):乙睛(含0.1%TFA)=10:90。经过液相检测其Surfactin标准品有4个峰,通过计算4个峰面积总和来计算Surfactin的浓度。高效液相色谱标准曲线方程是:y=15010100+13186.0655x(R2=0.98425)。
实施例2检测Surfactin高产诱变菌株的性能
1、surfactin产量检测:取对数期FHYB201030菌液,按5%的接种量加入到发酵培养基中,40℃发酵72h,利用CPC-BTB比色法检测,最终发酵液中测定surfactin的浓度为10.91g/L。采用HPLC测定产量,结果如图2所示,surfactin的产量为11.2g/L,以及提取surfactin的纯度为98.82%。
2、诱变菌株遗传稳定性的测定:
将诱变筛选出的高产突变菌株进行斜面传代培养,每隔24h传代1次,共传10代,挑取诱变菌株每一代进行摇瓶发酵3d,根据CPC-BTB比色法检测菌株的传代稳定性。结果如图3所示,第10代的突变菌株仍保持surfactin高产活性,与1代相比,其产量没有明显降低。说明本发明的突变菌株遗传稳定性强。
3、生长性能的测定:
活化筛选的枯草芽孢杆菌诱变菌和出发菌(原菌株),培养至对数期,接种至100孔蜂窝板中,在Bioscreen中进行生长曲线的测定读取数据;将每株菌所得到的OD值进行平均值的计算,然后绘制生长曲线。结果如图4所示,与原菌株相比,本发明的突变菌株生长速度更快。
4、抗菌性能的测定:
活化指示菌(大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、黑曲霉、红酵母、根霉和放线菌),将指示菌培养至对数期,均匀涂于平板固体培养基上。之后将已灭菌的牛津杯(内径6nm、外径8nm、高10nm的圆形小管)置于试验平板上,轻轻加压,使其与培养皿接触无空隙。往牛津杯中注入一定量的待测样品(A、B、C、D),培养一段时间后测定抑菌圈的大小。如表1所示:
表1突变菌株对各病原菌的抑菌圈直径(单位:cm)
表中:A为原菌株发酵上清液,B为原菌株surfactin提取物对半稀释液,C为诱变菌株FHYB-201030发酵上清液,D为诱变菌株FHYB-201030surfactin提取物对半稀释液。由表1可以看出,本发明诱变菌株FHYB-201030提高了surfactin产量,其发酵液上清中的surfactin含量较高,可直接用于抑制病原菌,表明诱变菌株的发酵提取液的抑菌效果更强。
5、抗病毒活性的测定:将100TCID50/100μL病毒与不同浓度(0.49、0.98、1.95、3.91、7.81、15.63、31.25、62.5μg/mL)的菌株FHYB-201030surfactin提取物等量混合,每个浓度重复6次。加到单层细胞中,37℃吸附90min,弃上清,PBS洗2-3遍,加细胞维持液,同时设正常细胞对照及病毒对照,37℃,5%CO2培养,测定细胞活性。本实施例中进行抗病毒试验所用的细胞是Vero和Marc-145细胞,病毒是两种囊膜病毒:猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)和猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合症病毒(PRRSV)。结果如图5、6可以看出,由本发明菌株FHYB-201030发酵液制备的surfactin提取物其浓度低至0.49μg/mL仍PEDV有抑制作用,抑制率可达80以上,对PRRSV的抑制浓度可低至0.98μg/mL,当浓度为1.95μg/mL时,其抑制率可达90%以上。
6、乳化性能的测定:选取液体石蜡为实验底物。等体积加入液体石蜡和样品溶液(发酵液)于螺口玻璃试管中,用涡旋振荡器振荡充分15min后静置,每隔12h测量乳化层高度与总液体高度,计算EI24。其中测定乳化性能添加的液体石蜡和发酵液分别为3ml。结果如图7、8可以看出,与原菌株相比,本发明的菌株显著提高了乳化性能。
7、排油活性的测定:将200μL的含0.5%苏丹III染液的液体石蜡垂直滴加入装有20mL超纯水的培养皿中(φ=90mm),水面形成一层薄薄的油膜。待油膜稳定后,在油膜正上方轻轻滴加10μL发酵液上清液,测定其排油圈直径大小。结果如图9可以看出,与原菌株相比,本发明菌株的排油圈直径显著大于原菌株。
8、重测序的检测:
将出发菌株和复合诱变菌株同时培养至对数期细菌,4000×g离心10min(4℃),弃上清,沉淀用无菌水洗2次后液氮冷冻,干冰送样,用于全基因组测序和基因组重测序分析。结果如表2、3,图10~25所示,说明最外圈是参考序列位置坐标,由外到里,分别是样品的InDel分布、SNP个数分布、reads覆盖深度、参考序列基因组GC含量、参考序列基因组GCskew值分布。如果有多个样品,会有多组的“InDel分布、SNP个数分布、reads覆盖深度”。
表2参考序列与诱变菌株的SNP分析
注:Ts:转换,Tv:颠换,Ts/Tv:转换颠换率,Het:杂合SNP,Hom:纯合SNP,Het rate=Het SNP/Total Genome Length。
表3参考序列与诱变菌株的InDel分析
实施例3本实施例提供本发明诱变菌株的发酵方法
本发明诱变菌株发酵培养基为:牛肉膏3g/L,蛋白胨10g/L,NaCl 5g/L,麦芽糖15g/L,山梨醇10g/L,酵母提取物40g/L,酪蛋白30g/L,乳糖35g/L,乳酸5mmol/L,谷氨酸1g/L,MnSO4 1.5mmol/L,培养基pH为7.0。
本发明诱变菌株发酵条件为:温度40℃,转速250rpm,装液量50%。
发酵方法:将获得诱变菌株的种子液以5%的接种量接种至上述发酵培养基中,按照上述发酵条件,培养3天。
实施例4本实施例提供一种提取surfactin产物的方法
收集实施例3的发酵液,将发酵液离心(4℃,9000×g,10min)去除细菌细胞沉淀,并收集含有surfactin的发酵上清液。加入6mol/L HCl将发酵上清液的pH调节至2.0,出现絮状沉淀,4℃静置过夜。离心(4℃下12000g,20min)回收酸沉淀的粗提物,蒸馏水反复水洗3次,冷冻干燥过夜后,用比例为1:20(mg/ml)的无水乙醇萃取(重复2-3次),离心(12000×g,20min,4℃)取上清液,合并上清液,放置于37-50℃培养箱中进行浓缩。将浓缩液经0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤,滤液为含有surfactin的提取物。
最后所应当说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
Claims (10)
1.一株Surfactin高产诱变菌株,其特征在于,所述高产菌株为枯草芽孢杆菌FHYB-201030,其保藏号为GDMCC No:61604。
2.如权利要求1所述的枯草芽孢杆菌FHYB-201030在生产Surfactin方面的应用。
3.如权利要求1所述的枯草芽孢杆菌FHYB-201030或其发酵产物或含有枯草芽孢杆菌FHYB-201030的菌剂在环境保护领域的应用。
4.如权利要求1所述的枯草芽孢杆菌FHYB-201030或其发酵产物或含有枯草芽孢杆菌FHYB-201030的菌剂在抗菌剂或抗病毒制剂中的应用。
5.如权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,所述抗菌剂为抑制大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌、黑曲霉、根霉、放线菌或/和红酵母抗菌剂中的任一种;所述抗病毒制剂为抑制PEDV或/和PRRSV制剂中的一种。
6.如权利要求1所述的枯草芽孢杆菌FHYB-201030或其发酵产物或含有枯草芽孢杆菌FHYB-201030的菌剂在饲料领域或农业领域的应用。
7.如权利要求1所述的枯草芽孢杆菌FHYB-201030或其发酵产物或含有枯草芽孢杆菌FHYB-201030的菌剂在食品、医药或化妆品领域的应用。
8.一种利用枯草芽孢杆菌FHYB-201030生产Surfactin的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:挑取权利要求1所述的菌株FHYB-201030,用营养肉汤培养基培养至对数期,获得种子液,将种子液按3-10%(v/v)的接种量接入发酵培养基装液量为50%的发酵罐中,温度40℃,转速250rpm,培养3天,得到含有Surfactin的发酵液。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,所述发酵培养基的配方为:牛肉膏3g/L,蛋白胨10g/L,NaCl 5g/L,麦芽糖15g/L,山梨醇10g/L,酵母提取物40g/L,酪蛋白30g/L,乳糖35g/L,乳酸5mmol/L,谷氨酸1g/L,MnSO41.5mmol/L,培养基pH为7.0。
10.如权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括提取surfactin的步骤,所述步骤如下:收集所述枯草芽孢杆菌FHYB-201030的发酵液,离心去除细胞保留上清液;调节pH至酸性使其出现沉淀,4℃静置过夜;离心回收沉淀后冷冻干燥,用无水乙醇萃取,取上清液,将其置于37-50℃培养箱中进行浓缩;将浓缩液经滤膜过滤,所得滤液为含有surfactin的提取物。
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