CN113277916A - Special nutrient fertilizer for fruit tomatoes and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special nutrient fertilizer for fruit tomatoes and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113277916A CN113277916A CN202110727647.4A CN202110727647A CN113277916A CN 113277916 A CN113277916 A CN 113277916A CN 202110727647 A CN202110727647 A CN 202110727647A CN 113277916 A CN113277916 A CN 113277916A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a special nutritional fertilizer for fruit tomatoes and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of fertilizers and specifically comprising the following raw materials: 5-10 parts of potassium nitrate, 2-6 parts of urea, 1-5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 10-20 parts of a microbial agent, 10-18 parts of straws, 15-20 parts of wheat straws, 17-19 parts of mushroom residues, 20-30 parts of cow dung, 20-30 parts of chicken manure, 2-4 parts of grass peat and 30-40 parts of vermiculite. The fruit tomatoes obtained by using the fertilizer have high yield, good quality and low harm to soil, and the fertilizer has long fertilizer efficiency time and high utilization rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a special nutritional fertilizer for fruit tomatoes and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The tomato is an annual herbaceous plant, has good yielding, strong disease resistance and rich nutrition, is rich in a large amount of VC, lycopene and mineral substances, and can resist cancer and aging and improve the immunity of a human body. The tomato has wide application, can be used as vegetable salad, can be used as fresh fruit, can be processed into various tomato products such as tomato sauce, fruit juice, preserved fruit, dried granules and the like, and has high economic value. With the continuous upgrade of current consumption and the vigorous development of the fresh field, the zero-feeding of fruits and the conversion of vegetables and fruits become new popular trends. The fruit tomatoes are gradually an important driver of the process of vegetable and fruit formation due to the advantages of rich functions, various varieties and the like, and belong to high-yield crops.
However, the fruit tomatoes have large fertilizer demand, and the traditional fertilizers applied in the current market have poor tomato absorption and can not exert fertilizer efficiency, so that the fertilizer supply is often insufficient, on one hand, the waste of fertilizer resources is caused, on the other hand, the fertilizer deposition is also caused to cause damage to soil, and the planted fruit tomatoes have the bad conditions of small size and low yield. Therefore, how to promote the growth of fruit tomatoes, increase the yield of fruit tomatoes, improve the quality of fruit tomatoes and reduce the damage to soil is the focus of current research.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a special nutritional fertilizer for fruit tomatoes and a preparation method thereof. The fruit tomatoes obtained by the fertilizer have high yield, good quality and low harm to soil.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the special nutritional fertilizer for the fruit tomatoes comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
5-10 parts of potassium nitrate, 2-6 parts of urea, 1-5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 10-20 parts of a microbial agent, 10-18 parts of straws, 15-20 parts of wheat straws, 17-19 parts of mushroom residues, 20-30 parts of cow dung, 20-30 parts of chicken manure, 2-4 parts of grass peat and 30-40 parts of vermiculite.
Preferably, the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
8 parts of potassium nitrate, 4 parts of urea, 3 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 15 parts of a microbial agent, 14 parts of straws, 17 parts of wheat straws, 18 parts of mushroom residues, 25 parts of cow dung, 25 parts of chicken manure, 3 parts of grass peat and 35 parts of vermiculite.
Preferably, the microbial agent is a mixture of bacillus subtilis solution and phosphorus-enriched bacillus megaterium solution.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the special nutritional fertilizer for fruit tomatoes, which comprises the following steps:
1) airing and coarsely crushing the straws and wheat stalks;
2) mixing the coarsely crushed straws, wheat straws, mushroom residues, cow dung, chicken manure and grass peat, crushing, irradiating for 3-5min by ultraviolet rays, fermenting and decomposing, and spraying a microbial agent on the mixture to obtain an organic fertilizer;
3) mixing potassium nitrate, urea and monopotassium phosphate, adding 0.5-0.7 times of water into the mixture, heating to dissolve, drying and crushing to obtain an inorganic fertilizer;
4) roasting vermiculite at 800-1000 deg.c for 0.5-1min and cooling;
5) mixing the organic fertilizer obtained in the step 2), the inorganic fertilizer obtained in the step 3) and the vermiculite obtained in the step 4), adding water, and carrying out oscillation treatment to obtain the special nutritional fertilizer for fruits and tomatoes.
Preferably, the fermentation and decomposition operations are as follows: fermenting at 60-70 deg.C for 1-2 days, turning, heating to 60-70 deg.C again for 1-2 days to turn into dark brown, fermenting for 7-15 days to complete fermentation and decomposition.
The crushing in the preparation method is to crush the mixture to the particle size of 4 mm.
Preferably, the wavelength of the ultraviolet light in the step 2) is 250-256 nm.
Preferably, the heating dissolution temperature in the step 3) is 30-40 ℃.
Preferably, the temperature of the oscillation treatment in the step 5) is 30-40 ℃, and the oscillation frequency is 180-190 r/min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention uses base fertilizers of potassium nitrate, urea and monopotassium phosphateThe organic fertilizer is used as an inorganic fertilizer to provide basic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, decomposed straws, wheat straws, mushroom residues, cow dung, chicken manure and peat are used as organic fertilizers, more nitrogen sources can be generated after decomposition treatment and sterilization treatment, nitrogen is a main component of protein (including some enzymes and coenzymes), nucleic acid and phospholipid, and is an important component of protoplasm, cell nucleus and biomembrane, and the organic fertilizer has a special function in plant life activity and has a regulation function on life, and nitrogen is also a component of chlorophyll and has a close relation with photosynthesis and can directly influence cell division and growth. Meanwhile, the invention takes the vermiculite as a carrier, the volume of the vermiculite is rapidly expanded by 8 to 15 times through roasting, and the average volume weight of the expanded vermiculite is 100-3The roasted and expanded vermiculite has fine air spacing layers, and the spacing layers can carry various nutrient elements, organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers which are necessary for the growth and development of plants, so that the fertilizer has a slow release effect, the fertilizer efficiency time of the fertilizer is prolonged, and the using amount of the fertilizer is reduced.
The invention destroys and changes the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) structure of microorganism in the organic fertilizer by the irradiation of ultraviolet ray, so that the bacteria can die immediately or can not breed offspring, thereby achieving the purpose of sterilization. After sterilization, bacillus subtilis liquid and phosphorus-containing bacillus megaterium liquid are added, the bacillus subtilis successfully colonizes to the rhizosphere, the body surface or the body of a plant, competes with pathogenic bacteria for nutrition around the plant, secretes antibacterial substances to inhibit the growth of the pathogenic bacteria, and induces a plant defense system to resist the invasion of the pathogenic bacteria, so that the purpose of biological control is achieved, and the harm of non-killed microorganisms to the plant is further prevented. The phosphorus-dissolving bacillus megatherium can decompose organic phosphorus in soil into available quick-acting phosphorus for plants.
According to the invention, the inorganic fertilizer, the organic fertilizer, the biological agent and the vermiculite are effectively utilized, and through mutual coordination among the components, the fertilizer can provide sufficient nitrogen sources, effectively inhibit the invasion of harmful microorganisms, has a slow release effect and a delayed fertilizer effect period, greatly reduces the using amount of the traditional fertilizer, reduces the harm to soil, and obtains the fruit and tomato with high yield and good quality.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The specification and examples are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
The raw materials of the invention are as follows:
and (3) microbial agent: purchased at a market retailer.
Straw, wheat straw, mushroom residue, cow dung, and chicken dung: purchased from a farm.
Grass carbon: purchased in the flower market, and rolled, crushed and sieved before use.
Vermiculite: purchased at a retailer.
The microbial agent used by the invention comprises bacillus subtilis liquid and phosphorus-containing bacillus megaterium liquid, and the amounts of the bacillus subtilis liquid and the phosphorus-containing bacillus megaterium liquid are the same.
Example 1
8 parts of potassium nitrate, 4 parts of urea, 3 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 15 parts of a microbial agent, 14 parts of straws, 17 parts of wheat straws, 18 parts of mushroom residues, 25 parts of cow dung, 25 parts of chicken manure, 3 parts of grass peat and 35 parts of vermiculite.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) airing straws and wheat straws, coarsely crushing, fermenting and decomposing, secondarily crushing, and crushing to obtain the crushed particle size of 4 mm;
2) mixing the crushed straws, wheat straws, mushroom residues, cow dung, chicken manure and grass peat to obtain a mixture, crushing, irradiating for 4min by ultraviolet rays with the wavelength of 253.7nm, then placing the irradiated raw materials in an environment with the temperature of 65 ℃ for fermentation for 1.5 days, turning over piles, heating the raw materials again to 65 ℃ after turning over piles, maintaining for 1.5 days until the color is changed into dark brown and the smell is slightly acidic, fermenting for 10 days, and then spraying a microbial agent on the mixture to obtain an organic fertilizer;
3) mixing potassium nitrate, urea and monopotassium phosphate to obtain a mixture, adding 0.6 time of water into the mixture, heating and dissolving at the temperature of 35 ℃, drying, and crushing to obtain an inorganic fertilizer;
4) roasting vermiculite at 900 deg.C for 0.75min, and cooling;
5) mixing the organic fertilizer obtained in the step 2), the inorganic fertilizer obtained in the step 3) and the vermiculite obtained in the step 4), adding water, and oscillating at the temperature of 35 ℃ and the oscillation frequency of 185r/min to obtain the special nutritional fertilizer for fruits and tomatoes.
Example 2
5 parts of potassium nitrate, 6 parts of urea, 1 part of monopotassium phosphate, 10 parts of a microbial agent, 18 parts of straws, 15 parts of wheat straws, 17 parts of mushroom residues, 20 parts of cow dung, 30 parts of chicken manure, 2 parts of grass peat and 30 parts of vermiculite.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) airing straws and wheat straws, coarsely crushing, fermenting and decomposing, secondarily crushing, and crushing to obtain the crushed particle size of 4 mm;
2) mixing crushed straws, wheat straws, mushroom residues, cow dung, chicken manure and grass peat to obtain a mixture, crushing, irradiating for 3min by ultraviolet rays with the wavelength of 250nm, then placing the irradiated raw materials in an environment of 60 ℃ for fermentation for 2 days, turning over piles, heating the raw materials again to 60 ℃ after turning over piles, maintaining for 2 days until the color becomes dark brown, the smell is slightly acidic, fermenting for 15 days, and then spraying a microbial agent on the mixture to obtain an organic fertilizer;
3) mixing potassium nitrate, urea and monopotassium phosphate to obtain a mixture, adding 0.7 times of water into the mixture, heating and dissolving the mixture at the temperature of 40 ℃, drying and crushing the mixture to obtain an inorganic fertilizer;
4) roasting vermiculite at 1000 deg.C for 0.5min, and cooling;
5) mixing the organic fertilizer obtained in the step 2), the inorganic fertilizer obtained in the step 3) and the vermiculite obtained in the step 4), adding water, and oscillating at the temperature of 40 ℃ and the oscillation frequency of 180r/min to obtain the special nutritional fertilizer for fruits and tomatoes.
Example 3
10 parts of potassium nitrate, 1 part of urea, 5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 20 parts of a microbial agent, 10 parts of straws, 20 parts of wheat straws, 19 parts of mushroom residues, 30 parts of cow dung, 20 parts of chicken manure, 4 parts of grass peat and 40 parts of vermiculite.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) airing straws and wheat straws, coarsely crushing, fermenting and decomposing, secondarily crushing, and crushing to obtain the crushed particle size of 4 mm;
2) mixing crushed straws, wheat straws, mushroom residues, cow dung, chicken manure and grass peat to obtain a mixture, crushing, irradiating for 5min by ultraviolet rays with the wavelength of 256nm, then placing the irradiated raw materials at 70 ℃ for fermentation for 1 day, turning over piles, heating the raw materials again to 65 ℃ after turning over piles, maintaining for 1.5 days until the color is dark brown and the smell is slightly acidic, fermenting for 7 days, and then spraying a microbial agent on the mixture to obtain an organic fertilizer;
3) mixing potassium nitrate, urea and monopotassium phosphate to obtain a mixture, adding 0.5 time of water into the mixture, heating and dissolving at the temperature of 30 ℃, drying, and crushing to obtain an inorganic fertilizer;
4) roasting vermiculite at 800 deg.C for 1min, and cooling;
5) mixing the organic fertilizer obtained in the step 2), the inorganic fertilizer obtained in the step 3) and the vermiculite obtained in the step 4), adding water, and oscillating at the temperature of 30 ℃ and the oscillation frequency of 190r/min to obtain the special nutritional fertilizer for fruits and tomatoes.
Example 4
The difference from example 1 is that the fermentation and decomposition treatments of step 1) and step 2) were not performed.
Example 5
The difference from example 1 is that no ultraviolet irradiation treatment was performed.
Example 6
The difference from example 1 is that vermiculite was not subjected to firing treatment.
Example 7
The difference from example 1 is that no organic fertilizer is added.
Example 8
The difference from example 1 is that no inorganic fertilizer is added.
Example 9
The difference from example 1 is that steps 4) and 5) are not performed, and the organic fertilizer and the inorganic fertilizer are directly mixed.
Comparative example 1
A fertilizer for tomatoes is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
40 parts of urea and 20 parts of monopotassium phosphate are mixed and stirred uniformly.
Test example:
the special nutrient fertilizer for the fruit tomatoes, which is prepared in the examples 1 to 9 and the comparative example 1, is blended with fertile soil according to the proportion of 1:6, the fertile soil is used in a blank group, 11 groups are set in the test, and the fruit tomatoes are planted in each group for a plurality of acres, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the table 1, the fruit tomatoes planted by adopting the special nutrient fertilizer for the fruit tomatoes have the advantages of high yield increase, high utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, low morbidity, low cost, simple preparation method and suitability for large-scale production.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. The special nutritional fertilizer for the fruit tomatoes is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
5-10 parts of potassium nitrate, 2-6 parts of urea, 1-5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 10-20 parts of a microbial agent, 10-18 parts of straws, 15-20 parts of wheat straws, 17-19 parts of mushroom residues, 20-30 parts of cow dung, 20-30 parts of chicken manure, 2-4 parts of grass peat and 30-40 parts of vermiculite.
2. The special fruit tomato nutrient fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
8 parts of potassium nitrate, 4 parts of urea, 3 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 15 parts of a microbial agent, 14 parts of straws, 17 parts of wheat straws, 18 parts of mushroom residues, 25 parts of cow dung, 25 parts of chicken manure, 3 parts of grass peat and 35 parts of vermiculite.
3. The special nutritional fertilizer for fruit tomatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microbial agent is a mixture of bacillus subtilis solution and phosphorus-enriched bacillus megaterium solution.
4. A method for preparing the fruit tomato special nutrient fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1-3, characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) airing and coarsely crushing the straws and wheat stalks;
2) mixing the coarsely crushed straws, wheat straws, mushroom residues, cow dung, chicken manure and grass peat, crushing, irradiating for 3-5min by ultraviolet rays, fermenting and decomposing, and spraying a microbial agent on the mixture to obtain an organic fertilizer;
3) mixing potassium nitrate, urea and monopotassium phosphate, adding 0.5-0.7 times of water into the mixture, heating to dissolve, drying and crushing to obtain an inorganic fertilizer;
4) roasting vermiculite at 800-1000 deg.c for 0.5-1min and cooling;
5) mixing the organic fertilizer obtained in the step 2), the inorganic fertilizer obtained in the step 3) and the vermiculite obtained in the step 4), adding water, and carrying out oscillation treatment to obtain the special nutritional fertilizer for fruits and tomatoes.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the fermentation decomposition in step 2) is performed by: fermenting at 60-70 deg.C for 1-2 days, turning, heating to 60-70 deg.C again for 1-2 days to turn into dark brown, fermenting for 7-15 days to complete fermentation and decomposition.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the pulverization is carried out to a particle size of 4 mm.
7. The method as set forth in claim 4, wherein the ultraviolet wavelength in step 2) is 250-256 nm.
8. The method according to claim 4, wherein the heated dissolution temperature in the step 3) is 30 to 40 ℃.
9. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the temperature of the oscillation treatment in step 5) is 30-40 ℃, and the oscillation frequency is 180-190 r/min.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116003184A (en) * | 2023-02-08 | 2023-04-25 | 广州市果树科学研究所 | Fertilizer composition for improving quality of pearl guava fruits |
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| CN112624872A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-04-09 | 重庆拓阳科技有限公司 | Compound microbial fertilizer for reducing tomato early blight incidence and preparation method thereof |
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| CN116003184A (en) * | 2023-02-08 | 2023-04-25 | 广州市果树科学研究所 | Fertilizer composition for improving quality of pearl guava fruits |
| CN116003184B (en) * | 2023-02-08 | 2024-02-23 | 广州市果树科学研究所 | Fertilizer composition for improving quality of pearl guava fruits |
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