CN113265351A - 一株乳杆菌w8172及其应用 - Google Patents
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- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种乳杆菌(lactobacillus sp.)W8172,其在中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心的保藏编号为CGMCC NO.21788,该菌种对蜂房哈夫尼菌具有很强的抑制能力,表现出优异的益生性能;在体内实验中,喂食有乳杆菌的单菌蜜蜂对蜂房蜜蜂球菌具有较好的抑制效果;通过对乳杆菌W8172培养液的上清液的分离,发现乳杆菌W8172的分泌产物对蜂房蜜蜂球菌有抑制作用,本发明制剂环保,无污染,不会影响蜂产品品质,适用于工业化生产和市场推广应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于微生物技术领域,具体涉及一种乳杆菌(lactobacillus sp.)W8172及其应用。
背景技术
蜜蜂是重要的农业授粉昆虫,其授粉作用可带来巨大的经济价值。2005年蜜蜂等昆虫为100种食用农作物传粉的价值为1530亿欧元,相当于当年食用农产品总价值的9.5%。中国是历史悠久的养蜂大国,全国现有蜂农30余万人,饲养蜂群800多万群,蜂蜜年产量占世界总产量的1/4以上。蜜蜂授粉对中国农业生产具有显著的促进作用,2006–2008年间蜜蜂授粉的年均价值高达3042.2亿元,相当于中国农业总产值的12%。然而近年来蜜蜂的健康受到很大威胁。10年前,美国养蜂者们发出警告,上万群的蜂巢出现空巢现象,蜜蜂神秘消失,这一现象被称作“蜂群衰竭失调”(collapse disorder,CCD)。2015至2016年冬天,美国蜂群的损失率为28.0%,加拿大为16.8%,欧洲为11.9%,新西兰为10.7%。然而这一问题是由包括气候变化、人类的集中化农业活动、类尼古丁类农药的施用、柴油等燃烧废气的排放等多方面原因造成的,这些因素都会影响到蜜蜂采食等相关行为,给蜂群带来威胁。
蜂房哈夫尼菌 (Hafnia alvei)是哈夫尼菌属的唯一模型株,Sakazaki曾建议哈夫尼菌属的细菌并属于肠科菌属,因此,蜂房哈夫尼菌也有蜂房变形杆菌(Enterobacter Hafnia alvei)这一名字。蜂房哈夫尼菌病是引起蜜蜂副伤寒病的主要致病菌,但大多报道于西蜂发病,具有传播速度快、危害程度严重、病程持续时间长、污染蜂产品等特点。蜜蜂感染该菌的主要症状表现为成蜂腹部膨大、行动迟缓、飞行无力、下痢等,以及肠道肿胀、呈灰白色。该病常见于湿度较大、温差变化较大季节,蜜蜂采食了含该菌的污水后感染,病蜂又污染饲料和巢脾,潜伏期3~14d,发病后蜜蜂大量死亡。另外,由于管理不善引起的盗蜂和偏集都会引起病情的扩散蔓延。
我国蜂房哈夫尼菌病鲜有报道。2016年初春,贵州某中蜂养殖场出现成蜂低飞、行动迟缓,幼蜂死亡、虫体呈乳白色、用镊子取出无拉丝和开箱有恶臭气味等症状。经判断这起蜂病由蜜蜂细菌性疾病蜂房哈夫尼菌所引起,造成当地蜂场较大经济损失。
目前蜂场在治疗时因没有有效的治疗手段,而滥用抗生素,不仅导致病源菌产生抗药性,而且会破坏蜜蜂肠道微生态平衡,使疾病进一步恶化。同时抗生素施用会导致蜂产品中残留,影响产品品质,带来食品安全性威胁。
目前未见任何关于乳杆菌用于蜂房哈夫尼菌防治的相关报道。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的问题,本发明提供了一种乳杆菌(lactobacillus sp.)W8172,其于2021年2月1日保藏在中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏编号为CGMCC No.21788,地址:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,中国科学院微生物研究所。
本发明乳杆菌W8172是从吉林获得的西方蜜蜂(Apis mellifera Linnaeus)中分离纯化得到的,其为革兰氏阳性菌,细胞形态为棒状,无芽胞,无鞭毛;单菌落大小为2-5mm,颜色呈灰白色,不透明,菌落表面光滑,边缘规则;菌体分别在pH值2.0、60℃水浴处理2h后存活率均大于50%、适宜于在酸性条件(pH 5.5~6.2)下生长;
提取菌株的总DNA,用细菌16S rRNA通用引物扩增目的片段,对片段进行回收、克隆、测序,16s rRNA序列如SEQ IDNo:1所示;对细菌16S rRNA基因片段序列使用NCBI的BLAST进行16S rRNA的相似性比对,结果显示与乳杆菌Firm5的关系最近,相似性达到100%,因此,鉴定为该菌株为乳杆菌,命名为乳杆菌W8172。
本发明另一目的是将上述乳杆菌W8172或其发酵产物应用在抑制蜂房哈夫尼菌(Hafnia alvei)中,用于制成菌剂、饲料;
本发明所述的用途,是将乳杆菌W8172或其发酵产物用作制备防治蜂房哈夫尼菌的菌剂或饲料中,即以乳杆菌W8172或其发酵产物为活性成分,在制备防治蜂房哈夫尼菌的菌剂或饲料中的应用;
本发明防治蜂房哈夫尼菌的菌剂或饲料的成分(或有效成分)为乳杆菌W8172或其发酵产物,还可以加入一种或多种防治菌剂或饲料上可接受的辅料,制成菌剂或饲料适用的剂型,按常规添加量添加使用,
本发明菌剂或饲料中有效活菌数为106~1011cfu/g,菌剂或饲料均用于蜜蜂。
本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明提供的乳杆菌W8172在蜜蜂体内对蜂房哈夫尼菌具有很强的抑制能力,表现出优异的益生性能;将本发明的乳杆菌W8172菌制成菌剂后用于饲喂蜜蜂有益于肠道黏膜菌群实现再平衡,可以弥补肠道内良性微生物的不足,提高或恢复蜜蜂抗疾病的能力,进而使蜜蜂获得更好的营养消化吸收和利用的能力,且安全可靠,适于工业化生产和市场推广应用。
附图说明
图1为乳杆菌W8172上混悬溶液对蜂房哈夫尼菌的抑制作用结果示意图;
图2为乳杆菌W8172菌悬液干预1天后,基因表达量的变化结果示意图。
具体实施方式
下面通过附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明,但本发明保护范围不局限于所述内容,本实施例中方法如无特殊说明的均按常规方法操作,所用试剂如无特殊说明均为常规市售试剂或按常规方法配置的试剂,培养基均为市售产品,按使用说明使用;
其中MRS培养基为:蛋白胨10 g,牛肉膏10 g,酵母提取物5 g,磷酸氢二钾2 g,柠檬酸二铵2 g,乙酸钠5 g,葡萄糖20 g,吐温-80 1 mL,硫酸镁0.5 g,硫酸锰0.25 g,琼脂粉15 g,用蒸馏水定容至1 L,将pH调至6.2-6.4。
实施例1:乳杆菌W8172的分离及鉴定
从吉林捕获西方蜜蜂,并解剖取出蜜蜂完整肠道,在100 μL 25%(v/v)甘油中用研磨棒手动研磨将肠壁研磨破碎,并保存在-80℃超低温医用冰箱中;将肠道样品于乳酸细菌培养基(MRS)上三区划线,于35 ℃、5%二氧化碳培养箱中培养2-3天。观察菌落形态,从中挑取单菌落重新在MRS培养基上八个分区域划线,于35 ℃、5%二氧化碳培养箱中纯化培养;在培养基上选取若干个单菌落,分别进行编号;
细菌总DNA的提取采用天根生化科技有限公司的细菌基因组DNA提取试剂盒提取,采用16S rDNA的通用引物(27F:5'-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3';1492R:5'-GGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3'),在50μL的PCR体系(ddH2O 19μL、2×SanTaq PCR Mix 25μL、Primer 27F 2μL、Primer 1492R 2μL、模板DNA 2μL)中扩增;PCR条件为:94℃预变性2min;94℃变性30s,60℃复性30s,72℃延伸1min,30个循环;最后72℃延伸5min。
将样品送到上海生工科技有限公司进行测序,本实施例16srDNA扩增测序结果显示,编号为W8172的菌株,其16srDNA测序结果如SEQ ID NO:1所示;用BLAST工具在数据库中进行同源性比对,结果显示本发明涉及的菌株W8172与乳杆菌Firm5(Lactobacillus Firm5)关系最近,相似性达到100%。因此,鉴定该菌株为乳杆菌,命名为乳杆菌W8172;其为革兰氏阳性菌,细胞形态为棒状,无芽胞,无鞭毛;单菌落大小为2-5 mm,颜色呈灰白色,不透明,菌落表面光滑,边缘规则;菌体分别在pH值2.0、60℃水浴处理2 h后存活率均大于50%、适宜于在酸性条件(pH 5.5~6.2)下生长。
实施例2:冻干菌剂的制备
将蜜蜂乳杆菌W8172用MRS培养基活化,接种量为3%,将活化好的菌种,按照4%接种量转接到MRS液体培养基中在37 ℃培养25 h,离心(5000 g,15 min)收获菌体,备用。将上述菌体按照体积比为3∶1加入保护剂(冷冻干燥常规保护剂),混合均匀备用。在进行冷冻干燥之前,样品需在-80℃超低温冰箱预冻3h,随后采用三段式冷冻干燥,在512 Pa压力下冻干6 h,随后在256 Pa压力下冻干5 h,之后在103 Pa下冻干直至获得粉末产品。将冻干的菌剂分别在4 ℃和25 ℃保存菌粉,每隔2月测每种菌粉的活菌数,平行3次实验。结果如下表所示;由表可知,冻干的菌剂在4 ℃和25 ℃保存10个月后,活菌数仍保持在较高的水平;在25 ℃保存下的稳定性较4 ℃保存下虽然有一定的差距,但是仍然保持在90%的存活水平;
实施例3:蜜蜂体内试验
(1)受试品乳杆菌W8172混悬溶液的配置
取实施例2制得的冻干菌剂1 g(其中有效活菌数不低于1011 cfu/g),置于1 L的烧杯中,加入含450mL质量浓度50%的糖水和450 mL 1×PBS缓冲液的混合溶液搅拌混悬,同时加入100 g花粉继续混悬,即得1 L乳杆菌W8172混悬溶液;
(2)蜜蜂饲养
2、蜜蜂饲养及试验
蜜蜂饲养条件:群养,饲养温度与湿度:35 ℃、40%-70%,采用避光培养;培养箱条件始终保持稳定,以保证试验结果的可靠性,将蜜蜂分成无菌蜜蜂组、乳杆菌W8172单菌蜜蜂组、对照乳杆菌W8171单菌蜜蜂组(无抑菌活性);
无菌蜜蜂模型的构建:从蜂脾中取出未羽化的成虫放入无菌饭盒中,并置于无菌培养箱中35 ℃培养1-2天,每个饭盒中加入一管含有2 mL 50%蔗糖溶液的离心管,约一天后羽化,待其羽化后,将打孔的一次性杯子用75%酒精或84消毒液擦拭并在紫外下杀菌15min;随后从饭盒中挑出25只蜜蜂转移到无菌一次性杯子中(3组平行试验),在杯子中分别放入装有50%无菌蔗糖水溶液和无菌花粉的离心管用于饲喂蜜蜂,并用胶带固定;置于无菌环境中培养7天后,即可获得无菌蜜蜂。
乳杆菌单菌蜜蜂的构建:从蜂脾中取出未羽化的成虫放入无菌饭盒中,并置于无菌培养箱中35℃培养1-2天,每个饭盒中加入一管含有2 mL 50%蔗糖溶液的离心管,约一天后羽化。待其羽化后,将打孔的一次性杯子用75%酒精或84消毒液擦拭并在紫外下杀菌15min;随后从饭盒中挑出25只蜜蜂转移到无菌一次性杯子中(3组平行试验),将乳杆菌W8172混悬溶液(或乳杆菌W8171混悬溶液)加入2 mL离心管中,喂食给无菌蜜蜂,同时喂食无菌花粉,置于无菌培养箱中35℃培养7天,即获得乳杆菌W8173单菌蜜蜂模型。
致病菌侵染:将无菌蜜蜂组、乳杆菌W8172单菌组、对照乳杆菌8171单菌组蜜蜂分别培养七天后,分别用蜂房哈夫尼菌进行浸染;
样品采集及处理:在感染蜂房哈夫尼菌后五天,将所有蜜蜂进行取肠道处理,并进行蜜蜂肠道基因组提取,采用CTAB方法对每个蜜蜂肠道提取基因组。
将解剖后的肠道转移至728 μL CTAB缓冲液和20μL 20 mg/mL 的蛋白酶K溶液中,研磨杵均质30s,并转移至含有500 μL 0.1 mm无菌氧化锆珠的2 mL管子中;使用MO BIOVortex Genie 裂解3 min,并12000g离心5 min;取上清液并转移至无菌1.5 mL试管中,并56 ℃下孵育30 min,加入5 μL RNase A,在37 ℃下孵育30 min后加入400 μL苯酚-氯仿-异戊醇(25:24:1)有机相,并14000 rpm离心5 min,将上清液转移至新的1.5 mL试管中,并加入50 μL乙酸钠和500 μL异丙醇,14000 rpm离心30 min后,将沉淀物用70%乙醇洗涤两次,最终将其悬浮在50 μL去除核酸酶的水中,于-20℃保存。
(3)检测及分析方法
蜂房哈夫尼菌检测方法:使用Thermo Fisher公司生产的QuantStudio 1实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应仪器进行蜂房哈夫尼菌菌量的测试实验。使用设计的蜂房哈夫尼菌特异性的引物扩增蜜蜂肠道所提取的基因的总拷贝,通过荧光CT值和总拷贝数的对数值的对应关系来衡量。其中正向引物是Hafnia-F(5'- CTTCGGACCAAAGTGGGGG-3'),反向引物是Hafnia-R(5'-TGTCTCAGTTCCAGTGTGGC-3')。同时使用蜜蜂的肌动蛋白(actin, AB023025)基因拷贝数进行样品间的标准化处理,正向引物actin-F(5'-TGCCAACACTGTCCTTTCTG-3'),反向引物actin-R(5'-AGAATTGACCCACCAATCCA-3')。采用染料法进行qPCR试验,选用南京诺唯赞生产的AceQ® Universal SYBR qPCR Master Mix染料法试剂盒配制qPCR体系。其中体系总量为50 μL,包括25 μL的2 × ChamQ Universal SYBR qPCR Master Mix(VazymeBiotech公司)、0.4 μL的正向引物、0.4 μL的反向引物、1 μL的待测样品和8.2 μL的双蒸水。将不同稀释浓度的模板加入配好的体系进行qPCR试验,通过计算可得到绝对拷贝数的对数值和每个孔内样品荧光信号到达设定的域值时所经历的循环数(CT值)的对应关系。接着将待测样品适量稀释后,加入配好的体系进行qPCR试验,将得到的CT值带入已绘制好的标准曲线内即可得到样品对应的绝对拷贝数。而蜜蜂肠道样本的蜂房哈夫尼菌对应6个拷贝数,因而蜂房哈夫尼菌丰度等于样品总拷贝数的1/6。qPCR采用三步法,上述的循环条件为95 ℃下30 s(1个循环),95 ℃下3-10 s和60 ℃下10-30 s(40个循环),95 ℃下15 s、60℃下60 s和95 ℃下15 s(1个循环)。
测定结果见图1,相比于感染蜂房哈夫尼菌的无菌蜜蜂和乳杆菌8171单菌蜜蜂组,乳杆菌W8172混悬溶液对蜂房哈夫尼菌具有较好的抑制作用。
实施例4:乳杆菌W8172刺激蜜蜂免疫基因的表达实验
采集接种乳杆菌W8171和乳杆菌W8172 1天后的蜜蜂,将其移入1.5 mL离心管中,在-80 ℃下冷冻;从每只蜜蜂中取出肠道,放入600 μL RNA裂解缓冲液中并匀浆;使用ZymoResearch快速RNA组织/昆虫微量制备试剂盒分离RNA;将RNA在50μL不含RNase的水中洗脱,并保存在-80℃下。使用Thermo Fisher Scientific NanoDrop Lite分光光度计对浓度进行定量;使用QuantaBio qScript cDNA合成试剂盒对RNA进行反转录;最后使用定量PCR确定相对基因表达;real-time RT-PCR分析中使用的引物见表2,扩增免疫基因abaecin、 apidaecin、hymenoptaecin、cactus-1、cactus-2、defensin-1、defensin-2和toll;
表2:
基因 | Forward | Reverse |
Abaecin | TCGGATTGAATGGTCCCTGAC | ATCTTCGCACTACTCGCCAC |
Apidaecin | GTAGGTCGAGTAGGCGGATCT | TTTTGCCTTAGCAATTCTTGTTG |
Cactus-1 | CTATCGTGGAGAAACTGCGTAT | TCAGGAAGTGGTTCTGGTATTG |
Cactus-2 | ATCAGACGGCTCTGCTCTAT | TCGTCTTCGTCAGTGGTATCT |
Dorsal | AGAGATGGAACGCAGGAAAC | TGACAGGATATAGGACGAGGTAA |
Hymenoptaecin | GTCGTCCATCCTTGGACATT | TTTCCCAAACTCGAATCCTG |
PGRP-LC | TCCGTCAGCCGTAGTTTTTC | CGTTTGTGCAAATCGAACAT |
Pirk | GCCCGAAATCTAGCAAGGATAA | TTCCTCTCCTCGTCCATCTT |
Relish | GGAGCTGATCCAAATCGAAC | AGTGGCATCCATCCATCATT |
Toll | TAGAGTGGCGCATTGTCAAG | ATCGCAATTTGTCCCAAAAC |
Defensin2 | GCAACTACCGCCTTTACGTC | GGGTAACGTGCGACGTTTTA |
Defensin-1 | TGCGCTGCTAACTGTCTCAG | AATGGCACTTAACCGAAACG |
为进一步研究作用于无菌蜜蜂后是否可以引起相关免疫信号通路的变化,进而探究乳杆菌W8172的抑菌机制;结果如图2所示,从图2中可以看出,乳杆菌W8172菌悬液干预1天后,hymenoptaecin、defensin-1和cactus-2基因表达量提高,促进了蜜蜂宿主抗菌肽的分泌,达到对蜂房哈夫尼的抑制作用。
总之,定植乳杆菌W8172的蜜蜂通过刺激蜜蜂免疫基因的表达,对蜂房哈夫尼菌有较好的抑制作用,从而达到对蜂房哈夫尼的抑制效果,其中喂食乳杆菌W8172的实验组中,乳杆菌可以更好地将蜂房哈夫尼菌的个数控制在107 个/肠,对蜂房哈夫尼菌有较好的抑制作用,从而达到对蜜蜂的保护作用。
序列表
<110> 昆明理工大学
<120> 一株乳杆菌W8172及其应用
<160> 7
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 1431
<212> DNA
<213> 乳杆菌W8172(lactobacillus sp. W8172)
<400> 1
gctgactcct ttacaggtta tctcaccggc tttgggtatt acaaactctc atggtgtgac 60
gggcggtgtg tacaaggccc gggaacgtat tcaccgcggc atgctgatcc gcgattacta 120
gcgattccag cttcatgcac tcgagttgca gagtgcaatc cgaactgaga ttagctttaa 180
gagattcgct tgccttcaca ggttcgctcc tcgttgtact aaccattgta gcacgtgtgt 240
agcccaggtc ataaggggca tgatgacttg acgtcgtccc caccttcctc cggtttgtca 300
ccggcagtct cattagagtg cccaacttaa tgctggcaac taataataag ggttgcgctc 360
gttgcgggac ttaacccaac atctcacgac acgagctgac gacagccatg caccacctgt 420
cttagtgttc ccgaaggaaa caccctatct ctagggttgg cactagatgt caagacctgg 480
taaggttctt cgcgttgctt cgaattaaac cacatgctcc accgcttgtg cgggcccccg 540
tcaattcctt tgagttttaa ccttgcggtc gtactcccca ggcggagtgc ttaatgcgtt 600
agctgcagca ctgagaggcg gaaacctccc aacacttagc actcatcgtt tacggcatgg 660
actaccaggg tatctaatcc tgttcgctac ccatgctttc gaacctcagc gtcagttaca 720
gaccagagag ccgccttcgc cactggtgtt cttccatata tctacgcatt tcaccgctac 780
acatggagtt ccactctcct cttctgcact caagaaaaac agtttcagtt gccgttcctc 840
ggttaagccg agggctttca cagctgactt gttctcccgc ctgcgttcgc tttacgccca 900
ataaatccgg acaacgcttg ccacctacgt attaccgcgg ctgctggcac gtagttagcc 960
gtgactttct ggttgattac cgtcaaacat agatcagtta ctacccatgt ccttcttcac 1020
caacaacaga gctttacgat ccgaaaacct tcttcactca cgcggcgttg ctccatcaga 1080
cttgcgtcca ttgtggaaga ttccctactg ctgcctcccg taggagtttg ggccgtgtct 1140
cagtcccaat gtggccgatc agtctctcaa ctcggctatg catcattgcc ttggtaagcc 1200
gttaccttac caactagcta atgcaccgcg ggcccatcct ttagtgacag ctcgaaagcc 1260
gcctttcata gcttgagcat gcgctcttac ttcttatttg gtattagcac ctgtttccaa 1320
gtggtatccc aagctaaagg gcaggttgcc cacgtgttac tcacccatcc gccgctcgcg 1380
ctattaaatt cctaccgaag tattccttta actttgctcg ctcgacttgc a 1431
<210> 2
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial)
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agagtttgat cctggctcag 20
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ggttaccttg ttacgactt 19
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<213> 人工序列(Artificial)
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cttcggacca aagtggggg 19
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<213> 人工序列(Artificial)
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tgtctcagtt ccagtgtggc 20
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<213> 人工序列(Artificial)
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Claims (3)
1.一种乳杆菌(lactobacillus sp.)W8172,其在中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心的保藏编号为CGMCC NO.21788。
2.权利要求1所述的乳杆菌W8172或其发酵产物在抑制蜂房哈夫尼菌(Hafnia alvei)中的应用。
3.权利要求1所述的乳杆菌W8172或其发酵产物在制备抑制蜂房哈夫尼菌菌剂或饲料中的应用。
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