CN113252002A - Full-net type interpenetration small-mesh combined monitoring method for surface rock movement in metal ore mining - Google Patents
Full-net type interpenetration small-mesh combined monitoring method for surface rock movement in metal ore mining Download PDFInfo
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- CN113252002A CN113252002A CN202110592629.XA CN202110592629A CN113252002A CN 113252002 A CN113252002 A CN 113252002A CN 202110592629 A CN202110592629 A CN 202110592629A CN 113252002 A CN113252002 A CN 113252002A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/32—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring the deformation in a solid
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
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- G01S19/14—Receivers specially adapted for specific applications
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Abstract
The invention discloses a full-net type interpenetration small-mesh combined monitoring method for metal ore mining surface rock movement, which comprises the following steps: according to the GPS static observation technology, a first group of GPS receivers are respectively arranged on fixed points to carry out long-time full-network type observation on the fixed points, and coordinate conversion parameters are obtained. And keeping a first group of GPS receivers fixed as a reference point, selecting another group of GPS receivers to perform static mobile observation, performing observation recording by adopting multiple times of multiple points, and performing record analysis on observation coordinates (X, Y and Z). And analyzing the earth surface movement rule by using the multi-period observation data. The precision is as follows, my is less than or equal to 10mm, mx is less than or equal to +/-10 mm, and mz is less than or equal to 15 mm. The full-net type interpenetration small-mesh combined monitoring method for the surface rock movement in metal ore mining adopts the full-net long period and short period for monitoring, and the monitoring mode is more targeted, so that the monitoring result is more accurate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of surface rock movement monitoring, in particular to a full-net type interpenetration small-mesh combined monitoring method for surface rock movement in metal ore mining.
Background
Along with the continuous expansion of the mining range of metal ores, the collapsed and damaged land is increased day by day. The land of the mining area is collapsed in a large area, so that the ecological environment of the mining area is seriously damaged, farmlands are wastefully cultivated, farmers have little land or no land, the land acquisition of a coal mine is more and more difficult, the completion of a metal mine production task is seriously influenced, and the earth surface movement parameters and the movement rules of the metal mine can be analyzed by establishing a surface rock movement observation station and obtaining complete observation data, thereby providing a basis for the comprehensive treatment of the land of similar working surfaces and subsidence areas in the future.
The existing mining area ground surface rock movement monitoring is carried out under the technical condition of a filling mining process, the ground surface monitoring method is not suitable for mining by a caving method, and the problems caused by the caving method cannot be solved, so that a full-net type interpenetration small-mesh combined monitoring method for mining the ground surface rock movement of the metal ore needs to be designed to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a full-net type interpenetration small-mesh combined monitoring method for metal mine mining surface rock movement, and aims to solve the problem that surface monitoring cannot be carried out in caving mining in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the full-net type interpenetration small-mesh combined monitoring method for the surface rock movement in metal ore mining comprises the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps:
according to the GPS static observation technology, a first group of GPS receivers are respectively arranged on fixed points to carry out long-time full-network type observation on the fixed points, and coordinate conversion parameters are obtained.
Step two:
keeping a first group of GPS receivers fixed, using the first group of GPS receivers as a reference point, selecting another group of GPS receivers to perform dynamic mobile observation, performing observation recording by adopting multiple times of multiple points, and performing record analysis by adopting observation coordinates (X, Y and Z). And analyzing the earth surface movement rule by using the multi-period observation data. The precision is as follows:
my is less than or equal to 10mm, mx is less than or equal to +/-10 mm, and mz is less than or equal to 15 mm.
Step three:
and (3) short-period daily whole-network detection, judging whether the earth surface starts to move, advancing the earth surface on a stope face for 0.2-0.5 h, and preselecting five groups of observation points of earth surface rock movement of the metal ores.
Step four:
and carrying out multiple leveling measurements within a short time interval so as to find the sinking trend of the measuring points in time, determining the time for the ground surface to start moving, and repeatedly carrying out leveling measurements, wherein the time interval for repeated measurements depends on the sinking speed of the ground surface.
Step five:
the collapse area of the mining area is large, and the remote sensing technology is adopted for monitoring; monitoring key mining areas by adopting a high-precision GPS, a drilling inclinometer, a total station and the like; other methods adopt manual on-site investigation and measurement.
Preferably, in the step one, the long-time monitoring period is one month, and the period unit is a month.
Preferably, in the second step, the sampling points are recorded, the measuring points are prefabricated and buried, before the time is influenced by mining, the connection measurement is performed again, the comprehensive observation before mining is performed, and the time-position mining is completed before the influence is influenced.
Preferably, the patrol leveling in the fourth step starts when the earth surface point sinks by 10mm, the period is once a month, the leveling is encrypted in the later period, and the period of the active period (sinks by more than 20mm per month) is once a half month.
Preferably, in the fifth step, a five-step method is adopted, data are collected through first on-site investigation, a second step of plan of two steps of analysis of the type of the surface subsidence and analysis of the influence factors of the surface movement deformation is carried out, a third observation and analysis of the surface movement deformation, a fourth theoretical analysis and prediction of the surface subsidence are carried out, and a fifth step of mining of the surface movement deformation law and the surface subsidence characteristics is carried out.
Preferably, in the fifth step, deformation monitoring of the ground and the building is performed by generally setting a certain point location, and performing measurement by using a level gauge, a dial indicator, a seismograph and the like, or performing simple monitoring by using a pile burying method, a nail burying method, a painting method, a patch method and the like.
Preferably, the monitoring content of the collapse precursor phenomenon in the fifth step comprises: the phenomenon of spring water drying caused by pumping and draining underground water, surface water accumulation, surface bubbling or water bubble caused by artificial water storage (leakage), plant metamorphosis, building sound or inclination, surface annular cracking, underground soil layer collapse sound, sudden change of water quantity, water level and sand content of water points, terror abnormality of animals and the like.
Preferably, in the fifth step, deformation of the ground and the building, change of water quantity and water state of water points, underground cave distribution and development conditions thereof and the like need to be monitored continuously for a long time so as to master the formation and development rules of ground collapse and prevent and treat the ground collapse in advance, and a range finder or a tape measure is adopted to measure the area of a collapse area, the maximum depth of a collapse pit, the diameter and the like; and (5) investigating the quantity and the hazard degree of collapse pits on site.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the full-network type interpenetration small-mesh-degree combined monitoring method for the metal ore mining surface rock movement adopts full-network long-period monitoring and short-period monitoring, the monitoring mode is more targeted, the monitoring result is more accurate in long-period and short-period monitoring, the relative surface subsidence prediction is prepared through analysis and research again, and a safe and reliable scheme is provided for surface mining.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a surface fracture monitoring method of the invention, which is implemented by a full-net type interpenetration small-mesh combined monitoring method for metal ore mining surface rock migration.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-1, an embodiment of the present invention is shown:
the full-net type interpenetration small-mesh combined monitoring method for the surface rock movement in metal ore mining comprises the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps:
according to the GPS-RTK technology, a first group of GPS receivers are respectively arranged on fixed points to carry out full-network observation for a long time to obtain coordinate conversion parameters, and the long-time monitoring period is one month and takes the month as a cycle unit.
Step two:
keeping a first group of GPS receivers fixed as a reference point, selecting another group of GPS receivers to carry out dynamic mobile observation, adopting multiple times of multiple points to carry out observation recording, carrying out point acquisition recording, prefabricating and burying a measuring point, connecting measurement again and carrying out comprehensive observation before acquisition before time is influenced by acquisition, finishing before time position acquisition is influenced, and carrying out record analysis on observation coordinates (X, Y and Z). And analyzing the earth surface movement rule by using the multi-period observation data. The precision is as follows:
my is less than or equal to 10mm, mx is less than or equal to +/-10 mm, and mz is less than or equal to 15 mm.
Step three:
the short-period daily whole-network detection is carried out to judge whether the earth surface starts to move or not, the advance is carried out for 0.2-0.5 h on a stope face, five groups of observation points are preselected for rock movement of the earth surface of the metal mine, the number of the measurement points at the upper end of the observation lines and the density of the measurement points are mainly determined by the mining depth and the station setting purpose, and the moving phase transformation values and the distribution rule thereof are generally distributed at equal intervals in order to obtain the moving phase transformation values and the distribution rule thereof with accuracy. The control points are buried at two ends of the observation line, each end is not less than 2, and if the control points are arranged at one end only, the number of the control points is not less than 3. The distance between the control point and the outermost monitoring point is 50-100 m.
Density of measuring points
| Mining depth (m) | Measuring point distance (m) | Mining depth (m) | Measuring point spacing (m) |
| <50 | 5 | 200-250 | 15 |
| 50-100 | 10 | 250-350 | 20 |
| 100-200 | 15 | >350 | 25 |
Step four:
and carrying out multiple leveling measurements within a short time interval so as to find the sinking trend of the measuring point in time, determining the time for starting the movement of the earth surface, repeatedly carrying out the leveling measurements, wherein the leveling measurements are surveyed in the middle of the step four, the period is once a month when the earth surface sinks by 10mm, the leveling measurements are encrypted at the later stage, the period of the active period (the sinking period is more than 20mm per month) is once a half month, and the time interval of the repeated measurements is determined according to the sinking speed of the earth surface. In order to determine whether the ground surface starts to move, leveling measurement (also called tour measurement or prediction) is carried out every few days after the stope face advances for a certain distance (about 0.2H-0.5H), and if the measuring point is found to have a sinking trend, the ground surface is indicated to start to move.
Daily observation work is leveling work that is suitably added between the first and last full observations. During the movement, daily observation work is performed, i.e., water criterion amount is repeated. The interval between repeated leveling measurements is typically observed every 1-3 months, depending on the rate of subsidence of the earth's surface. In the active phase of the movement, the number of level observations is increased.
Step five:
the collapse area of the mining area is large, and the remote sensing technology is adopted for monitoring; monitoring key mining areas by adopting a high-precision GPS, a drilling inclinometer, a total station and the like; the other method adopts manual on-site investigation and measurement, a five-step method is adopted, data are collected through first on-site investigation, a second two-step walking scheme is adopted for analyzing the types of surface subsidence and analyzing the influence factors of surface movement deformation, a third surface movement deformation observation analysis, a fourth theoretical analysis and surface subsidence prediction are adopted, a fifth adopted surface movement deformation rule and surface subsidence characteristics are adopted, deformation monitoring of the ground and buildings is generally carried out by setting a certain point position and using a level gauge, a dial indicator, a seismograph and the like for measurement, or a pile burying method, a nail burying method, a painting method, a patch method and the like can be adopted for simple monitoring.
In addition, the monitoring content of the collapse precursor phenomenon comprises the following steps: the method is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps of pumping and draining underground water to cause spring water dryness, surface water accumulation, surface bubbling or water bubble caused by artificial water storage (leakage), plant metamorphosis, building sound or inclination, surface annular cracking, underground soil layer collapse sound, water quantity, water level and sand content mutation of water points and terror abnormal phenomena of animals so as to master the formation and development law of surface collapse and prevent and treat the surface collapse in advance, and a range finder or a tape is adopted to measure the area of a collapse area, the maximum depth of collapse pits, the diameter and the like; and (5) investigating the quantity and the hazard degree of collapse pits on site.
The full-net type interpenetrating small-mesh combined monitoring method for the surface rock migration in metal ore mining adopts elevation measurement, and the elevation of each observation point of an observation station is determined by adopting a leveling method. The leveling measurement of each observation line is to measure the height difference of a turning point (a certain observation point), sequentially measure the height difference of intermediate points, measure the height difference of the turning point again, compare the height differences measured twice, and the difference of the three levels should not be more than 2mm, and the difference of the four levels should not be more than 3 mm. When the damage of the surface is large, or the inclination angle between two points exceeds 200, and the leveling measurement is inconvenient, the elevation of each observation point can be measured by adopting a triangular elevation method.
Measuring the distance between the control point and the observation point and the distance between the observation point and the observation point, and measuring by using a long steel ruler. During measurement, a standard pulling force is applied to the steel ruler, and the temperature is measured and recorded. And reading three times for each measurement, wherein the mutual difference is not more than 2mm, and taking the average value as the measurement result after meeting the requirement. The corrected horizontal round-trip limit difference between two adjacent observation points is 2mm when the point distance is less than 15m, and is 30mm when the point distance is more than 15 m.
In the process of moving the earth surface, in order to supplement the shortage of the overall observation times and research the change situation of the subsidence of part of observation points on an observation line, a plurality of leveling measurements are added properly and are carried out according to the requirements of four equal leveling measurements, the leveling measurements are carried out every 1-3 months, and the leveling measurements are carried out from the control point of the observation station. If control points are arranged at two ends or one end of the observation line, attached, closed or back-and-forth leveling measurement is adopted. And (4) carrying out measurement according to the requirements of the three equal leveling precision, and calculating the elevations of the measuring points after adjustment. If the inclination angle of the earth surface between the two points is more than 20 degrees, using triangular elevation measurement to measure the vertical angle by two measurement returns, and calculating the difference between the return elevations according to the following formula:
△h=8+0.1L
Δ h: difference in reciprocal height, mm
L: horizontal distance between two points, m
The subsidence coefficient of the full-net type interpenetration small-mesh combined monitoring method for the metal ore mining surface rock movement can be obtained by the calculation formula Wmax = mqcos √ n1, n3 of the maximum subsidence value:
q=w.max/(mcosa√n1，n3)
in the formula:
q-coefficient of sinking
Wmax-maximum sag value
m-thickness of metal deposit
a-angle of inclination of metal deposit
n 1-oblique direction mining coefficient, n 3-strike direction mining coefficient
The mining coefficient is the ratio of the actual length of the goaf in the inclined direction or the trend direction to the minimum length of the goaf in the corresponding direction when the ground surface is fully mined. The calculation formula of the mining coefficient is as follows:
n1=K1(D1/H0)
n3=K2(D2/H0)
n1- -coefficient of mining in the oblique direction
n3 mining coefficient in heading direction
D1 actual length of goaf in inclined direction, D3 actual length of goaf in strike direction, H0 average mining depth
K1, K2-coefficient less than 1.
The overlying strata of the metal ores are medium hard softer strata, and K1 and K2 can be 0.8.
In order to comprehensively analyze the earth surface movement observation data, a large amount of on-site observation data should be collected and summarized according to the purpose and requirement of the comprehensive analysis. During the collection process, attention is paid to the reliability and accuracy of the data. The values of geological mining conditions, such as seam thickness, seam inclination and panel size, should be collected as measured values after recovery.
The general method of the comprehensive analysis has many influencing factors in the moving process of the earth surface and the rock stratum, and in the comprehensive analysis, all the influencing factors cannot be considered at the same time, only the most important influencing factors or other main influencing factors related to the moving process under a certain specific condition can be considered.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Claims (8)
1. The full-net type interpenetration small-mesh combined monitoring method for the surface rock movement in metal ore mining is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps:
according to the GPS static observation technology, a first group of GPS receivers are respectively arranged on fixed points to carry out long-time full-network observation on the fixed points, and coordinate conversion parameters are obtained;
step two:
keeping a first group of GPS receivers fixed as a reference point, selecting another group of GPS receivers to perform static mobile observation, performing observation recording by adopting multiple times and multiple points, performing record analysis by using observation coordinates (X, Y and Z), and analyzing earth surface movement rules by using multi-period observation data, wherein the accuracy is as follows:
my is less than or equal to 10mm, mx is less than or equal to +/-10 mm, and mz is less than or equal to 15 mm;
step three:
performing short-period daily whole-network monitoring, judging whether the earth surface starts to move, advancing for 0.2-0.5 h on a stope face, and preselecting five groups of observation points of earth surface rock movement of the metal ores;
step four:
carrying out multiple leveling measurements within a short time interval so as to find the sinking trend of the measuring points in time, determining the time for the earth surface to start moving, and repeatedly carrying out leveling measurements, wherein the time interval for repeated measurements depends on the sinking speed of the earth surface;
step five:
the collapse area of the mining area is large, and the remote sensing technology is adopted for monitoring; monitoring key mining areas by adopting a high-precision GPS, a drilling inclinometer, a total station and the like; other methods adopt manual on-site investigation and measurement.
2. The method for monitoring the surface rock movement in metal mining by combining the full-mesh type penetration and small mesh size according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the first step, the long-time monitoring period is one month, and the month is taken as a period unit.
3. The method for monitoring the surface rock movement in metal mining by combining the full-mesh type penetration and small mesh size according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the second step, the sampling points are recorded, the measuring points are prefabricated and buried, before the time is influenced by mining, the connection measurement and the comprehensive observation before mining are carried out again, and before the time position mining is influenced, the operation is finished.
4. The method for monitoring the surface rock movement in metal mining by combining the full-mesh type penetration and small mesh size according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the fourth step, the patrol leveling measurement starts when the earth surface point sinks by 10mm, the period is once a month, the leveling measurement is encrypted in the later period, and the period of the active period (the sink is more than 20mm every month) is once a half month.
5. The method for monitoring the surface rock movement in metal mining by combining the full-mesh type penetration and small mesh size according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the fifth step, a five-step method is adopted, data are collected through first on-site investigation, a second step of walking scheme of analyzing the type of the ground surface subsidence and analyzing the influence factors of the ground surface movement deformation is carried out, a third step of observing and analyzing the ground surface movement deformation, a fourth step of theoretical analysis and prediction of the ground surface subsidence are carried out, and a fifth step of mining the law of the ground surface movement deformation and the characteristics of the ground surface subsidence is carried out.
6. The method for monitoring the surface rock movement in metal mining by combining the full-mesh type penetration and small mesh size according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the fifth step, deformation monitoring of the ground and the building is carried out by generally setting a certain point position and measuring by using a level gauge, a dial indicator, a seismograph and the like, or simply monitoring by adopting a pile burying method, a nail burying method, a painting method, a patch method and the like.
7. The method for monitoring the surface rock movement in metal mining by combining the full-mesh type penetration and small mesh size according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the monitoring content of the collapse precursor phenomenon in the step five comprises the following steps: the phenomenon of spring water drying caused by pumping and draining underground water, surface water accumulation, surface bubbling or water bubble caused by artificial water storage (leakage), plant metamorphosis, building sound or inclination, surface annular cracking, underground soil layer collapse sound, sudden change of water quantity, water level and sand content of water points, terror abnormality of animals and the like.
8. The method for monitoring the surface rock movement in metal mining by combining the full-mesh type penetration and small mesh size according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the fifth step, deformation of the ground and the building, change of water quantity and water state of water points, underground cave distribution and development conditions thereof and the like need to be continuously monitored for a long time so as to master the formation and development rules of ground subsidence, prevent and treat the ground subsidence in advance, and a range finder or a tape measure is adopted to measure the area of a subsidence area, the maximum depth of a subsidence pit, the diameter and the like; and (5) investigating the quantity and the hazard degree of collapse pits on site.
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