CN109162693B - Method for rapidly testing rock mass block index by using monitoring while drilling technology without coring - Google Patents
Method for rapidly testing rock mass block index by using monitoring while drilling technology without coring Download PDFInfo
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- CN109162693B CN109162693B CN201811083588.6A CN201811083588A CN109162693B CN 109162693 B CN109162693 B CN 109162693B CN 201811083588 A CN201811083588 A CN 201811083588A CN 109162693 B CN109162693 B CN 109162693B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B45/00—Measuring the drilling time or rate of penetration
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
Abstract
The invention provides a method for testing a rock mass block index by utilizing a monitoring while drilling technology, which comprises the following steps: 1. installing various measuring devices on the drilling machine; 2. carrying out a drilling experiment in a test field to obtain the corresponding relation among drilling parameters in rock masses with different rock mass integrality; 3. coring and calculating the rock mass block index of the rock core; 4. determining pure drilling processes and auxiliary processes of all sections in the drilling process; 5. calculating the drilling speed of any depth in the pure drilling process; 6. establishing a functional relation between the rock mass block index and the drilling speed; 7. and carrying out while-drilling test in the test area, and rapidly acquiring the rock core rock mass block index under different drilling depths by utilizing the functional relation so as to evaluate the integrity of the rock mass. By researching the quantitative relation among the drill bit footage speed, the drill rod rotating speed, the drilling machine hydraulic oil pressure level and the core rock mass lumpiness index, the purpose of quickly and accurately obtaining the core rock mass lumpiness index in the drilling process can be achieved. Compared with the traditional measuring mode, the method is simple and easy to implement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of engineering geology, and particularly relates to a method for testing a rock mass block index.
Background
The rock mass block index (RBI) is proposed in the article 'rock mass block index and engineering significance' published in the 'water conservancy project' by Hu-Qu Wen et al 2002, is a comprehensive index for representing the size of the rock mass block and the structure type thereof, reflects the size of the block (size) of the rock mass and the mutual combination relationship thereof, serves as an important rock mass integrity evaluation index, and can quickly and quantitatively evaluate the integrity of the rock mass.
The rock mass fraction index (RBI) is based on the percentage of the integrity of the core of the borehole in different lengths and is defined as: taking the core length of 3-10, 10-30, 30-50, 50-100 and the core obtaining rate larger than 100cm as the numerical value obtained by the accumulation of the product of the weight and the corresponding coefficient, and calculating the expression as 3Cr3+10Cr10+30Cr30+50Cr50+100Cr100, wherein: cr3, Cr10, Cr30, Cr50 and Cr100 are respectively the core obtaining rate of the core with the core length of 3-10, 10-30, 30-50, 50-100 and >100cm, and are expressed by percentage.
Various scholars apply and develop the rock mass block index. In Huang run Qiu, it is equal to 2011, and in the text of quantitative evaluation of indexes of rock mass of dam foundation rock mass of hydropower station of grade I of brocade shield published in the journal of rock mechanics and engineering, the quantitative evaluation of indexes of rock mass is analyzed and studied, and the grading critical value of indexes of rock mass of whole, massive, secondary massive, mosaic and cracked structure is determined. The correlation between the integrity index of the rock mass such as RBI and the shear strength parameter is analyzed in a text of 'rock mass shear strength parameter estimation based on Copula theory' published in 'report of rock mechanics and engineering, Yangtao' et al in 2013, and the RBI and cohesive force c are found to have a high negative correlation. The Yangmilitary uniform equals 2014, the research on the high-strength bedrock blasting pretreatment slurry shield tunneling characteristic is published in geotechnical engineering journal, the quality of the surrounding rock of the water taking tunnel of the typhoon nuclear power station is respectively evaluated by using the rock mass index and the RQD, and the obtained results are basically consistent. And bin, in the application of drilling core grading Hoek-Brown criterion GSI in slope engineering published in railway construction in 2016, the rock mass structure rate, which is a linear quantification index of the slope rock mass structure type, is proposed based on the rock mass lumpiness index, and the GSI value can be obtained through table lookup by establishing the relationship between the slope drilling core and the rock mass structure rate. Niweida equals to 'classification research of dam foundation rock mass structure based on three-dimensional joint network simulation' published in 'rock and soil mechanics' in 2018, a three-dimensional equivalent rock mass index 3D is proposed in the research based on the rock mass index, and RBI3D is used as an evaluation index to carry out the classification of the dam foundation rock mass structure. Although the research is carried out on the rock mass index in some aspects, the research is mainly limited to the research in the fields of mechanics and strength, and the research is not started from the core obtaining process, namely the potential relation between the rock mass index and the drilling parameters is not researched, so that the research result is mainly theoretical analysis and has no practical timeliness and realistic and reliable reference value.
Close relation exists between rock integrity and drilling parameters. While monitoring while drilling techniques are common in the oil and gas drilling industry, particularly to monitor or calculate the rate of penetration while drilling, there are few applications of monitoring while drilling in the geotechnical or engineering geological industries. The prior Chinese patent application CN201610858285.1 discloses a method for testing rock strength by a monitoring while drilling technology, which aims to measure rock strength and establish a functional relation between the rock strength parameter and a drilling parameter, wherein the rock strength parameter mainly comprises cohesive force and an internal friction angle, belongs to the fields of mechanics and strength, and the monitoring while drilling technology is not used for considering rock mass block index, so that the integrity of the rock mass cannot be evaluated, the integrity of the engineering rock mass is correctly known and quantitatively described, and the method is a basis for safely, effectively and reasonably designing and constructing.
In addition, although research and practice for measuring the rock mass block index exists at present, drilling and coring are needed, and compared with non-coring drilling, the coring drilling takes longer time and is higher in price. For example, in the engineering investigation of overlying strata in a goaf in Shanxi, hundreds of cores are drilled to evaluate the integrity of rock mass. The depth of these boreholes is about 270m, the time for non-core drilling is usually about 3 days, and the time for core drilling is usually up to 10 days, which is 3.3 times that for non-core drilling; the price of non-core drilling is about 80 yuan/m, while the price of core drilling is about 200 yuan/m, which is 2.5 times that of non-core drilling.
In summary, non-core drilling has certain advantages in engineering, but there is no effective method for rapidly and accurately obtaining the rock mass block index of the core under the condition of non-core drilling, so that improvement on the prior art is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for rapidly and accurately obtaining a rock mass block index of a rock core under the condition of non-coring drilling by utilizing a monitoring while drilling technology to evaluate the integrity of a rock mass, so that the time cost can be saved, and the economic cost can be reduced.
In one embodiment of the invention, a method for testing the rock mass block index by using a monitoring while drilling technology is provided, which comprises the following steps:
500, calculating to obtain the drilling speed through the bit displacement and the drilling time acquired in the pure drilling process obtained through division;
and 700, carrying out while-drilling test in the test area, and quickly calculating the rock mass block index of the stratum of the test area according to the obtained functional relation.
Preferably, the real-time measuring device for the bit displacement comprises a pull rope displacement sensor and a data transmission cable, wherein one end of the data transmission cable is connected with the displacement sensor, and the other end of the data transmission cable is connected with a data acquisition device.
Preferably, the real-time measuring device for the hydraulic oil pressure of the drilling machine comprises a fluid pressure sensor and a data transmission cable, wherein one end of the data transmission cable is connected with the fluid pressure sensor, and the other end of the data transmission cable is connected with a data acquisition device.
Preferably, the real-time measuring device for the rotation speed of the drill rod comprises a rotation speed measuring instrument or a rotation speed probe and a data transmission cable, one end of the data transmission cable is connected with the rotation speed measuring instrument or the rotation speed probe, and the other end of the data transmission cable is connected with the data acquisition device.
Preferably, the recording time interval of the data acquisition device can be selected from 0.1 to 5 seconds.
Preferably, the difference between the pure drilling process and the auxiliary process in the step 400 is whether to contact the bottom rock mass and rotate to break the rock, in the pure drilling process, the drill bit contacts the bottom rock mass and rotate to break the rock, and in the auxiliary process, the drill bit does not drill into a new rock mass at the bottom of the hole, including the processes of idle drilling, adding a drill rod, pulling the drill rod, stopping the machine, and the like.
Preferably, the calculation formula of the drilling rate in the step 500 is that the drill bit is removed in a recording time interval in the pure drilling process.
Preferably, the step of establishing the functional relationship in step 600 is:
step 601, accumulating the bit displacement in the pure drilling process to obtain the drilling depth;
step 602, obtaining a drilling depth range and a corresponding rock mass index corresponding to the section of the core according to the core start-stop time of the core;
step 603, obtaining the drilling speed within the core drilling depth range according to the drilling depth and the drilling speed, and obtaining the average drilling speed by taking the arithmetic mean value of the drilling speed within the drilling depth range; wherein, the step 602 and the step 603 have no sequence restriction;
and step 604, performing regression on a plurality of groups of rock mass indexes obtained in the step 602 and the average drilling speed obtained in the step 603 to obtain a functional relation between the rock mass indexes and the drilling speed.
Preferably, the functional relationship between the rock mass block index and the drilling speed is obtained according to a Pearson linear correlation analysis method, specifically, where RBI is 4.97V-0.16, and Pearson correlation coefficient r is 0.937.
Preferably, in step 700, the rock mass index of the formation in the test area is calculated through the current drilling speed of the drilling machine according to the functional relationship between the rock mass index and the drilling speed.
Compared with the traditional measuring mode, the invention has the following advantages: the method utilizes the characteristic that the drill bit footage speed of the rock cores with different rock integrity is different under the determined hydraulic oil pressure level and the rotating speed, and utilizes the while-drilling monitoring technology to test the rock mass block index of the rock core. By researching the quantitative relation between the rock mass block index and the drilling speed of the drill bit, the rock mass block index can be rapidly and accurately obtained in the drilling process, and the purpose of evaluating the integrity of the rock mass is achieved, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) the invention establishes the functional relation between the rock mass index and the drilling speed, can calculate the rock mass index of the drilled stratum without a large amount of core drilling, and greatly saves the drilling time and the economic cost.
2) The method establishes the functional relation between the rock mass index and the drilling speed, can give the rock mass index under the current drilling depth in real time, and has stronger timeliness.
3) The invention establishes the functional relation between the rock mass index and the drilling speed, can directly calculate the rock mass index by using the established functional relation for strata with similar lithology in the nearby area, does not need coring, and has practical and reliable reference value for strata with similar lithology in the nearby area.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method for testing the rock mass block index of the core rock by using the monitoring while drilling technology;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for testing the rock mass block index of the core rock by using a monitoring while drilling technology;
FIG. 3 is a partial core swung within a core box according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a partial graph of rate of penetration as a function of time in one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5a is a partial graph of bit displacement over time obtained in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5b is a partial graph of drill bit displacement summed to give a depth of penetration over time according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a partial plot of the change in penetration rate while drilling depth obtained in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
figure 7 is a plot of the resulting core rock mass fraction index as a function of the average rate of penetration V, established in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. Wherein the reference numbers indicate:
1-a pull rope displacement sensor; 2-rotating speed probe; 3-a liquid pressure sensor; 4-vibrating wire readers; 5-pulling a rope displacement sensor data transmission cable; 6-rotating speed probe data transmission cable; 7-liquid pressure sensor data transmission cable; 8-drilling machine.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are provided to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises/comprising," "consists of … …," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a product, apparatus, process, or method that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such product, apparatus, process, or method if desired. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising/including … …," "consisting of … …," or "comprising" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a product, device, process, or method that comprises the element.
The test site is a certain goaf in Shanxi province. As high-grade highway engineering is built above the goaf, a plurality of holes need to be drilled on the overlying rock-soil mass of the goaf. The depth of the overlying rock-soil body is 0-145m, and the depth of 145-270m is the rock body.
The mining year of the coal seam of the goaf is 2006-2015. And 3, mining the No. 3 coal bed by the mine in an inclined longwall coal mining method, wherein the recovery rate is 90 percent, and the roof management method is controlled by a total caving method. So far, the active period of the ground surface movement deformation of the mining area is basically finished, and the goaf site is basically stable.
Referring to fig. 2, the drilling machine 8 used in the test is an XY-4 type drilling machine, the pull rope displacement sensor 1 is selected as a real-time displacement measuring device, the liquid pressure sensor 3 is selected as a real-time hydraulic pressure measuring device, the rotating speed probe 2 is selected as a real-time drill rod rotating speed measuring device, the dataTaker DT80 steel wire vibrating wire type reader 4 manufactured by Beijing digital technologies, Inc. is selected as a data acquisition device, and the recording time interval of the data acquisition device is selected to be 1 s.
And 200, starting the drilling machine 8 and the sensors, the probes and the dataTaker DT80 steel wire vibrating wire type reader which are arranged on the drilling machine, and monitoring to obtain data such as drill bit displacement, drilling machine hydraulic oil pressure, drill rod rotating speed, drilling time and the like in the drilling process.
300, drilling and coring rock masses within the range of 145-270 meters in a test field, placing the rock masses in core boxes (shown in figure 3), and recording the coring start-stop time of the rock cores in each core box; measuring the length of the rock core, and calculating the rock mass block index.
Specifically, the method is calculated by adopting a formula RBI of 3Cr3+10Cr10+30Cr30+50Cr50+100Cr100, for example, the length of a core taken out is 3 meters after the drilling machine drills for 4 meters for one time, the accumulated length of the cores in the range of 3-10 cm is 1m, the core obtaining rate of 3-10 cm is that the core obtaining rate is 25 percent obtained by dividing 1m by 4m, and the like, the core obtaining rates in the range of each length are obtained, and the rock mass index can be calculated.
The core length is measured with a tape measure to an accuracy of at least 1 mm.
And step 400, determining the discrimination standard (table 1) of the pure drilling process and the auxiliary process according to the data of the bit displacement, the drilling machine hydraulic oil pressure, the drill rod rotating speed, the drilling time and the like in the step 200, and obtaining the data of the bit displacement, the drilling machine hydraulic oil pressure, the drill rod rotating speed, the drilling time and the like collected in the pure drilling process.
TABLE 1 criteria for discrimination between pure drilling process and auxiliary process
And 500, calculating the drilling speed (figure 4) according to the data of the bit displacement and the drilling time acquired in the pure drilling process obtained by dividing in the step 400.
In the invention, the bit displacement is acquired at fixed intervals, for example, once per second, and the drilling speed is obtained by dividing the bit displacement by the interval time.
step 601, accumulating the bit displacement (fig. 5a) in the pure drilling process to obtain the drilling depth (fig. 5 b).
And step 602, obtaining a drilling depth range corresponding to each section of rock core within the range of 145-270m and a corresponding rock mass block index according to the coring start-stop time of the rock core.
Step 603, obtaining a drilling rate (fig. 6) within the core drilling depth range according to the drilling depth (fig. 5b) and the drilling rate (fig. 4).
The drilling speed in the drilling depth range of the rock core and the rock mass block index (RBI) of the taken rock core are analyzed (table 2), the average drilling speed in the table refers to the arithmetic mean of the calculated drilling speeds in the coring depth range of each section of the rock core, the lithology of the drilled stratum is mainly sandstone stratum, the hydraulic oil pressure level is kept at about 75kPa, and the rotating speed is kept at 4 r/s.
TABLE 2 core segment lithology, RBI values and corresponding drilling parameter data for each number
Step 604, according to the Pearson linear correlation analysis method, an expression between the rock mass block index RBI of the core and the corresponding average drilling rate V may be calculated as RBI 4.97V-0.16 (fig. 7). The Pearson correlation coefficient r is 0.937, indicating that the expression has a higher accuracy.
And 700, carrying out while-drilling test in the test area, and quickly calculating the rock mass index of the drilled stratum by using the average drilling speed according to the functional relation between the obtained rock mass index and the drilling speed.
The method utilizes the characteristic that rock masses with different integralities have different drill bit footage speeds under the determined hydraulic oil pressure level and the determined rotation speed, and utilizes the while-drilling monitoring technology to test the rock mass block index of the rock core. By researching the quantitative relation among the drill bit footage speed, the drilling machine hydraulic oil pressure level, the drill rod rotating speed and the rock mass block index, the rock mass block index can be quickly and accurately obtained in the drilling process, and the purpose of evaluating the integrity of the rock mass is achieved. Compared with the traditional measurement mode, the method is simple and easy to implement, and can give the rock mass block index under the current drilling depth in real time and evaluate the integrity of the rock mass block index.
The method does not need to carry out a large amount of core drilling, has wide applicability, for example, 100 holes need to be drilled, the method can obtain the function relation between the RBI and the drilling speed V by only coring 1 hole, other 99 holes only need to carry out non-core drilling, the RBI can be obtained by the method, the calculation result of the function relation has higher precision, and the method can be used for judging the lithologic-like stratum rock mass block index of the nearby area, greatly saves the drilling time and the economic cost, and has practical and reliable reference value for lithologic-like strata of the nearby area.
Thus, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that while exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described in detail herein, many other variations and modifications can be made, which are consistent with the principles of the invention, from the disclosure herein, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be understood and interpreted to cover all such other variations or modifications.
Claims (9)
1. A method for rapidly testing the rock mass block index by using a monitoring while drilling technology without coring is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 100, selecting a position of a drilling machine, leveling the drilling machine, and installing a real-time measuring device for bit displacement, a real-time measuring device for hydraulic oil pressure of the drilling machine, a real-time measuring device for the rotation speed of a drill rod and a data acquisition device on the drilling machine;
step 200, starting a drilling machine, each real-time measuring device and each data acquisition device, and monitoring and recording drill bit displacement, hydraulic oil pressure of the drilling machine, drill rod rotating speed and drilling time in the drilling process;
step 300, drilling and coring rock masses within a specific depth range in a test field, placing the rock masses in core boxes, and recording the coring start-stop time of the core in each core box; measuring the length of a rock core, and calculating a rock mass block index;
step 400, dividing a pure drilling process and an auxiliary process according to the bit displacement, the hydraulic oil pressure of the drilling machine and the rotating speed of the drill rod to obtain the bit displacement, the hydraulic oil pressure of the drilling machine, the rotating speed of the drill rod and the drilling time collected in the pure drilling process; wherein, the steps 300 and 400 are not limited in sequence;
500, calculating to obtain the drilling speed through the bit displacement and the drilling time acquired in the pure drilling process obtained through division;
step 600, establishing a functional relationship between the rock mass block index and the drilling speed, specifically:
step 601, accumulating the bit displacement in the pure drilling process to obtain the drilling depth;
step 602, obtaining a drilling depth range and a corresponding rock mass index corresponding to the section of the core according to the core start-stop time of the core;
step 603, obtaining the drilling speed within the core drilling depth range according to the drilling depth and the drilling speed, and obtaining the average drilling speed by taking the arithmetic mean value of the drilling speed within the drilling depth range; wherein, the step 602 and the step 603 have no sequence restriction;
step 604, performing regression on a plurality of groups of rock mass indexes obtained in the step 602 and the average drilling speed obtained in the step 603 to obtain a functional relation between the rock mass indexes and the drilling speed;
and 700, carrying out while-drilling test in the test area, and quickly calculating the rock mass block index of the stratum of the test area according to the obtained functional relation.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the real-time measuring device for the drill bit displacement comprises a stay cord displacement sensor and a data transmission cable, wherein one end of the data transmission cable is connected with the displacement sensor, and the other end of the data transmission cable is connected with a data acquisition device.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the real-time measuring device for the hydraulic oil pressure of the drilling machine comprises a fluid pressure sensor and a data transmission cable, wherein one end of the data transmission cable is connected with the fluid pressure sensor, and the other end of the data transmission cable is connected with a data acquisition device.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the real-time measuring device for the rotation speed of the drill rod comprises a rotation speed measuring instrument or a rotation speed probe and a data transmission cable, wherein one end of the data transmission cable is connected with the rotation speed measuring instrument or the rotation speed probe, and the other end of the data transmission cable is connected with a data acquisition device.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the recording time interval of the data acquisition device is 0.1-5 seconds.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: the difference between the pure drilling process and the auxiliary process in the step 400 is whether the drill bit contacts the bottom rock mass and rotationally breaks the rock, in the pure drilling process, the drill bit contacts the bottom rock mass and rotationally breaks the rock, and in the auxiliary process, the drill bit does not drill into a new rock mass at the bottom of the hole, including the processes of idle drilling, drill rod adding, drill rod pulling and stopping.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein: the calculation formula of the drilling rate in step 500 is that the bit removal in a certain recording time interval in the pure drilling process is performed in the recording time interval.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein: the functional relation between the rock mass block index and the drilling speed is obtained according to a Pearson linear correlation analysis method RBI =4.97V-0.16, and the Pearson correlation coefficient r is 0.937.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein: in step 700, the rock mass index of the formation in the test area is calculated through the current drilling speed of the drilling machine according to the functional relationship between the rock mass index and the drilling speed.
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