CN113244966B - 一种钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物非均相催化剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物非均相催化剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 229920001795 coordination polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
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- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L caesium carbonate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]C([O-])=O FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000024 caesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;nickel Chemical compound [Ni].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001543 aryl boronic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940078494 nickel acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001502 aryl halides Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 125000005841 biaryl group Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
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- 229940078487 nickel acetate tetrahydrate Drugs 0.000 description 5
- OINIXPNQKAZCRL-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);diacetate;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Ni+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OINIXPNQKAZCRL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
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- BIWQNIMLAISTBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-methylphenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(B(O)O)C=C1 BIWQNIMLAISTBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNIQQKORSMFYPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-(4-methylphenyl)phenyl]ethanone Chemical group C1=CC(C(=O)C)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 GNIQQKORSMFYPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LAIZPRYFQUWUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel chloride hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ni+2] LAIZPRYFQUWUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供一种钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物非均相催化剂及其制备方法和应用;本发明提供了一种简单易得的,并可一次性大量制备的钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物的微米级棒状非均相催化剂的合成方法。具体的制备步骤如下:首先将钯盐和镍盐溶解于乙二醇形成0.1~0.4mol·L‑1溶液,随后将钛源溶解于上述乙二醇溶液,于室温下持续搅拌制得微米级棒状非均相催化剂材料。该棒状结构长度介于0.8~5μm,直径介于100~120nm。所制得材料可有效催化Suzuki偶联反应,该非均相催化剂催化效率高,回收方便,可重复使用,就用于工业化生产具有重要意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于催化材料开发相关技术领域,尤其涉及一种微米级棒状钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物非均相催化剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
Suzuki偶联反应是工业上最通用和利用最广泛的反应之一,因为该反应是联芳基化合物合成中碳-碳键形成的最直接有效的方法。钯催化剂是Suzuki偶联反应中使用的最多也是催化效果最好的金属催化剂。然而,贵金属钯的自然界储量稀少,导致了钯催化剂的高成本,并且均相催化剂可再循环性的困难以及反应产物中残余金属催化剂的潜在污染,使得可容易回收的高活性钯催化剂对各种制药和化学工业中偶联反应的经济应用产生重大影响。
在钯催化的Suzuki偶联反应中,只有零价钯是有效的催化剂,但在反应过程中零价钯倾向于聚集,导致原子效率渐渐降低,进而失去催化活性。以载体固载来稳定和活化钯形成非均相钯催化剂便是解决上述问题的一种策略。多孔配位聚合物是有金属中心和有机连接体以配位键相连接,通过自组装形成的具有无限延展网络结构的多孔晶体材料。由于多孔配位聚合物的金属中心存在潜在的催化活性,所以其可以直接催化一些反应,如加氢脱硫、氧化反应、光催化反应等,但偶联反应中钯催化过程存在Pd(0)和Pd(II)之间的氧化还原循环,如果将Pd作为金属中心搭建多孔配位聚合物作为催化剂,反应过程中钯的外层电子变化会导致多孔配位聚合物结构破坏甚至坍塌,所以目前多孔配位聚合物在催化偶联反应中的应用均是作为载体负载金属,其多孔配位聚合物的任何组分均不直接参与催化反应。但是由于许多多孔配位聚合物自身结构的稳定性不佳,经过筛选后虽然能负载钯催化反应,但大多数多孔配位聚合物负载的钯催化剂的稳定性和循环使用性能都只是差强人意。因此开发具有高稳定性的和循环使用性能的配位聚合物钯非均相催化剂在工业应用中极为重要,应用前景广阔。
发明内容
针对现有的多孔配位聚合物形成的非均相钯催化剂稳定性较差且循环使用率低的问题,本发明提供一种微米级棒状钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物非均相催化剂材料和制备方法,制备出具有高稳定性的和良好的循环使用性能的配位聚合物钯非均相催化剂。
第一方面,本申请实施例提供了一种钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物非均相催化剂的制备方法,其合成工艺简便,可批量制备,利用钛源与金属盐在乙二醇溶液中的简单室温搅拌便可得到微米级棒状钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物非均相催化剂。
本发明所述的一种钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物非均相催化剂的制备方法,包括下述步骤:
步骤一:将钯盐和镍盐溶解于乙二醇,形成溶液S1,在所述溶液S1中,所述钯盐和镍盐的浓度范围均在0.1~0.4mol·L-1之间;
步骤二:在上述步骤一中形成的溶液S1中缓慢加入钛源,所加入的钛源与溶液S1中的镍盐和钯盐的总的摩尔比为1:0.5~1:1.5;加入钛源后进行搅拌,搅拌一段时间后即产生沉淀物,提取沉淀物进行清洗、烘干,得到钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物;在此溶液浓度范围内,可进一步调节浓度以便达到想要得到的钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物非均相催化剂的微米棒结构长度大小。
优选的,钛源与镍盐物质的量比为1:1,得到的材料形貌均匀,表面光滑,原材料利用率最高。
进一步优选的,步骤二中,所述搅拌时间为10~24h,搅拌温度为室温。
优选的,步骤一中,所述钯盐为醋酸钯、氯化钯中的一种或多种;所述镍盐为醋酸镍、氯化镍中的一种或多种;
优选的,步骤二中,所述钛源为钛酸四丁酯,四氯化钛或异丙醇钛中的任意一种。
第二方面,本申请实施例提供了由上述制备方法制备的一种微米级棒状钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物非均相催化剂,所述催化剂具有实心的棒状结构,该棒状结构为圆柱形,长度介于0.8~5μm,直径介于100~120nm。
第三方面,本申请实施例提供了由上述制备方法制备的一种微米级棒状钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物非均相催化剂在催化Suzuki偶联反应中的应用,本发明所述的微米级棒状钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物非均相催化剂作为Suzuki偶联反应中的金属催化剂,催化Suzuki偶联反应的反应条件为:氮气保护下,在乙醇和水的混合溶液中(体积比1:1),以溴苯类化合物、芳基硼酸为反应原料,在钯催化剂、无机碱存在的条件下,加热回流,分离得到联芳基类衍生物。
优选的,所述溴苯类化合物、芳基硼酸、本发明所制钯催化剂、无机碱的摩尔比为1.00:1.00:0.04:2.50。
优选的,所述无机碱为碳酸铯。
优选的,所述加热回流的温度为110℃,时间为12小时。
发明原理:本发明所制得微米级棒状钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物非均相催化剂材料具有中的钯金属颗粒由原位合成,所得钯金属颗粒均匀的置于配位聚合物的介孔中。由于钯金属颗粒的原位合成使其在介孔中稳定存在,不易在Suzuki偶联反应中流失,导致了本发明的非均相催化剂的高稳定性。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:
(1)本发明制备的钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物材料可作为Suzuki偶联反应中金属催化剂;
(2)本发明的钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物非均相催化剂的制备方法简便、周期短、所用原材料廉价易得、成本低,可批量生产,具有巨大的产业化应用价值,并可以投入大当量的Suzuki偶联反应中;
(3)本发明制备方法制得的微米级棒状钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物非均相催化剂材料形貌规则、具备微米级尺寸,其中钯纳米颗粒小且分布均匀,同时,本发明制备的具体的钯镍钛乙二醇这种多孔配位聚合物相比于其他多孔配位聚合物更加有利于稳定钯纳米颗粒,阻止其团聚失活;
(4)本发明本发明制备方法的微米级棒状钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物非均相催化剂材料在Suzuki偶联反应中使用时,可以循环使用15次不失活。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备的钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物的微观形貌照片;
图2为实施例1制备的钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物的X-射线衍射图谱;
图3为实施例1制备的钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物催化剂催化Suzuki偶联反应及循环产率图;
图4a为实施例1的1H-NMR谱图;
图4b为实施例1的13C-NMR图谱。
具体实施方式
为了更好的理解上述技术方案,下面将结合说明书附图以及具体实施方式对上述技术方案进行详细的说明。
以下实施例中,将钯盐和镍盐溶解于乙二醇形成溶液做为催化剂,将钛酸四丁脂、四氯化钛或异丙醇钛作为钛源溶解于上述乙二醇溶液获得均匀的钛源溶液,通过长时间搅拌一次制备微米尺寸棒状结构的钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物;利用该材料作为Suzuki偶联反应的催化剂,循环使用合成联苯类衍生物。
实施例1
(1)称量0.01mol的醋酸钯和0.01mol四水合醋酸镍溶解在60ml的乙二醇(EG)溶液中;
(2)取0.02mol的钛酸四丁酯缓慢的滴加到上述(1)溶液中,并搅拌10h,转速为600r/min,溶液颜色为黄色;
(3)反应结束后,取出反应物并用乙醇进行清洗,得到黄色物体,在60℃的鼓风干燥箱中进行烘干,颜色由黄色变为灰色,得到微米级棒状钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物非均相催化剂;
钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物的微观形貌如附图1,其XRD表征如图2,可以看到,合成的钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物结构其长度介于0.8~1.1μm,直径介于100~120nm,该材料呈棒状结构,实心,为圆柱状。
测试例1
以本实施例1制得的材料为催化剂催化Suzuki偶联反应,测试催化剂性能。
将40mg钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物、0.3mmol对溴苯乙酰、0.75mmol碳酸铯、0.3mmol4-甲基苯硼酸一同加入到干燥的Schlenk管,将Schlenk管内的的气体氛围由空气置换为氮气,体系在一个标准大气压的氮气氛围里置换三次保证体系具有纯净的氮气氛围;在氮气氛围下,加入和2mL的乙醇和水的混合溶液(体积比为1:1),加热至110℃,搅拌3h,冷却至室温;加入4mL饱和氯化铵溶液淬灭反应,加入水8mL后用乙酸乙酯进行萃取、柱层析分离、纯化,如图4a和图4b所示,测试例1中催化suzuki反应所得到产物4-乙酰基-4'-甲基联苯的核磁谱图,该测试例的分离收率达到99%;过滤回收非均相催化剂后,以相同的反应条件重复反应15次后分离收率下降至90%,产率结果如图3,可以发现这种钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物非均相催化剂有非常好的催化性能、稳定性高和良好的循环使用性能。
实施例2
(1)称量0.005mol的醋酸钯和0.01mol四水合醋酸镍溶解在60ml的乙二醇(EG)溶液中;
(2)取0.015mol的钛酸四丁酯缓慢的滴加到上述(1)溶液中,并搅拌10h,转速为600r/min,溶液颜色为黄色;
(3)反应结束后,取出反应物并用乙醇进行清洗,得到黄色物体,在60℃的鼓风干燥箱中进行烘干,颜色由黄色变为灰色,得到微米级棒状钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物非均相催化剂;
本实施例的微观形貌与实施例1相同,但合成的钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物其长度介于1.8~2μm,直径介于100~120nm,该材料呈棒状结构,实心,为圆柱状。
实施例3
(1)称量0.002mol的醋酸钯和0.01mol四水合醋酸镍溶解在60ml的乙二醇(EG)溶液中;
(2)取0.012mol的钛酸四丁酯缓慢的滴加到上述(1)溶液中,并搅拌10h,转速为600r/min,溶液颜色为黄色;
(3)反应结束后,取出反应物并用乙醇进行清洗,得到黄色物体,在60℃的鼓风干燥箱中进行烘干,颜色由黄色变为灰色,得到微米级棒状钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物非均相催化剂;
本实施例的微观形貌与实施例1相同,但合成的钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物介于3~5μm,其直径介于100~120nm,该材料呈棒状结构,实心,为圆柱状。
实施例4
(1)称量0.01mol的氯化钯和0.01mol六水合氯化镍溶解在60ml的乙二醇(EG)溶液中;
(2)取0.02mol的钛酸四丁酯缓慢的滴加到上述(1)溶液中,并搅拌10h,转速为600r/min,溶液颜色为深红色;
(3)反应结束后,取出反应物并用乙醇进行清洗,得到深红色物体,在60℃的鼓风干燥箱中进行烘干,颜色由深红色变为深灰色,得到微米级棒状钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物非均相催化剂;
本实施例的微观形貌与实施例1相同,合成的钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物其长度介于0.8~1.1μm,直径介于100~120nm,该材料呈棒状结构,实心,为圆柱状。
实施例5
(1)称量0.01mol的醋酸钯和0.01mol四水合醋酸镍溶解在60ml的乙二醇(EG)溶液中;
(2)取0.02mol的四氯化钛缓慢的滴加到上述(1)溶液中,并搅拌10h,转速为600r/min,溶液颜色为黄色;
(3)反应结束后,取出反应物并用乙醇进行清洗,得到黄色物体,在60℃的鼓风干燥箱中进行烘干,颜色由黄色变为灰色,得到微米级棒状钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物非均相催化剂;
本实施例的微观形貌与实施例1相同,合成的钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物其长度介于0.8~1.1μm,直径介于100~120nm,该材料呈棒状结构,实心,为圆柱状。
实施例6
(1)称量0.01mol的醋酸钯和0.01mol四水合醋酸镍溶解在60ml的乙二醇(EG)溶液中;
(2)取0.02mol的异丙醇钛缓慢的滴加到上述(1)溶液中,并搅拌10h,转速为600r/min,溶液颜色为黄色;
(3)反应结束后,取出反应物并用乙醇进行清洗,得到黄色物体,在60℃的鼓风干燥箱中进行烘干,颜色由黄色变为灰色,得到微米级棒状钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物非均相催化剂;
本实施例的微观形貌与实施例1相同,合成的钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物其长度介于0.8~1.1μm,直径介于100~120nm,该材料呈棒状结构,实心,为圆柱状。
Claims (10)
1.一种钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物非均相催化剂的制备方法,包括下述步骤:
步骤一:将钯盐和镍盐溶解于乙二醇,形成溶液S1,在所述溶液S1中,所述钯盐和镍盐的浓度范围均在0.1~0.4mol·L-1之间;
步骤二:在上述步骤一中形成的溶液S1中缓慢加入钛源,所加入的钛源与溶液S1中的镍盐和钯盐的总的摩尔比为1:0.5~1:1.5;加入钛源后进行搅拌,搅拌一段时间后即产生沉淀物,提取沉淀物进行清洗、烘干,得到钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物非均相催化剂;
所述钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物非均相催化剂具有实心的棒状结构,该棒状结构为圆柱形,长度介于0.8~5μm,直径介于100~120nm。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物非均相催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述钛源与所述镍盐的物质的量比为1:1。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物非均相催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤二中,所述搅拌时间为10~24h,搅拌温度为室温。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物非均相催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤一中,所述钯盐为醋酸钯、氯化钯中的任意一种或多种;所述镍盐为醋酸镍、氯化镍中的一种或多种。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物非均相催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤二中,所述钛源为钛酸四丁酯,四氯化钛或异丙醇钛中的一种或多种。
6.由权利要求1-5中任意一项权利要求所述的制备方法制备的钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物非均相催化剂。
7.权利要求6所述的钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物非均相催化剂在催化Suzuki偶联反应中的应用,所述的钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物非均相催化剂作为Suzuki偶联反应中的金属催化剂。
8.如权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于,氮气保护下,在体积比1:1的乙醇和水的混合溶液中,以芳基卤代物、芳基硼酸为反应原料,在所述钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物非均相催化剂、碳酸铯存在的条件下,加热回流,分离得到联芳基类衍生物。
9.如权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于,所述芳基卤代物、芳基硼酸、钯镍钛乙二醇配位聚合物非均相催化剂、碳酸铯的摩尔比为1.00:1.00:0.04:2.50。
10.如权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,所述加热回流的温度为110℃,时间为12小时。
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