CN113243249A - Bottle bag-free cultivation basket and application thereof - Google Patents

Bottle bag-free cultivation basket and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113243249A
CN113243249A CN202110701596.8A CN202110701596A CN113243249A CN 113243249 A CN113243249 A CN 113243249A CN 202110701596 A CN202110701596 A CN 202110701596A CN 113243249 A CN113243249 A CN 113243249A
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China
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basket
fruiting
cultivation
free
bag
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CN113243249B (en
Inventor
高攀宏
何世强
张博
单亚东
卢冉
周同庆
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Ligu Chain Tianjin Industrial Internet Development Co ltd
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Ligu Chain Tianjin Industrial Internet Development Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
    • A01G18/62—Racks; Trays

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)

Abstract

The utility model provides a basket is cultivated to bottle bag exempts from, including basket bottom plate and one end and the basket lateral wall that basket bottom plate edge all around is connected, wherein, be equipped with in the space that basket bottom plate and basket lateral wall enclose and be used for separating into a plurality of vertical separators and the cross slab of putting the material space with this space, the edge all around of the side of basket bottom plate dorsad basket mouth is equipped with the first annular flange of peripheral size and basket mouth inner wall assorted, be equipped with spacing boss on the circumference outer wall of the one end that first annular flange is connected with the basket bottom plate, still be equipped with the sealing washer on the circumference outer wall of first annular flange, be equipped with on the side of basket bottom plate dorsad basket mouth and on the both sides wall that basket lateral wall and cross slab both ends are connected and be used for communicateing the ventilative structure in the space that first annular flange and basket bottom plate enclose and the basket lateral wall outside. The invention also provides application of the bottle bag-free cultivation basket. The invention can realize the cultivation of edible fungi only by using the basket, and has the advantages of less related devices and simple and convenient operation.

Description

Bottle bag-free cultivation basket and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, in particular to a bottle bag-free cultivation basket and application thereof.
Background
At present, as described in chinese patents CN111149616A and CN104012303B, in the cultivation of edible fungi, the conventional method is to put the compost into a bottle or a plastic bag, then put the bottle or the bag into a basket or a rack, move the bottle or the bag into a sterilization cabinet for sterilization, inoculate and cultivate the bag or the bag after sterilization, and then put the bag or the bottle directly on the rack (including a grid rack for lateral fruiting), or put the bag or the bottle and the basket for containing the bag or the bottle on the rack for fruiting management.
In the conventional method, bottles/bags and baskets or shelves for containing the bottles/bags are used for cultivating the edible fungi, so that a plurality of devices are involved, and the operation is complicated. Moreover, the variety of edible fungi is limited when the edible fungi are cultivated in bottles, and the edible fungi can only be used for cluster edible fungi which grow mushrooms upwards, such as needle mushrooms, hypsizigus marmoreus, velvet mushrooms and the like, and the edible fungi which are fruiting body single-grown like mushrooms can only be used for hypha cultivation by using the bottles, but cannot be used for fruiting. When the edible fungi are planted in the bags, the bags are consumable materials, cannot be recycled and pollute the environment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects that the existing edible fungus cultivation method involves a plurality of devices and is relatively complicated to operate, the invention provides a bottle bag-free cultivation basket and application thereof. The invention can realize the cultivation of edible fungi only by using the basket, and has the advantages of less related devices and simple and convenient operation.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the utility model provides a basket is cultivated to bottle bag exempts from, including basket bottom plate and one end with the basket lateral wall that basket bottom plate edge all around is connected, the other end of basket lateral wall encloses into the basket mouth, be equipped with edge on the basket mouth, wherein, be equipped with in the space that basket bottom plate and basket lateral wall enclose and be used for separating this space into a plurality of vertical separators and the cross slab that put criss-cross setting in material space, the edge all around of the side of basket bottom plate back to the basket mouth be equipped with peripheral size with enclose size assorted first annular flange in the basket mouth, first annular flange with be equipped with spacing boss on the circumference outer wall of the one end that the basket bottom plate is connected, on the circumference outer wall of first annular flange the other end with be equipped with the sealing washer between the spacing boss, on the side of basket bottom plate back to the basket mouth and be equipped with on the both sides wall that the basket lateral wall and cross slab both ends are connected and be used for the intercommunication first annular flange with the bottom plate encloses the basket bottom plate A space and an air-permeable structure outside the side wall of the basket. Like this, peg graft one and exempt from first annular connecting flange of bottle bag cultivation basket on another basket mouth of exempting from bottle bag cultivation basket, go up the end of basket and just can regard as the lid of basket down, and be equipped with the sealing washer on the first annular connecting flange circumference outer wall, so go up the basket and can seal down the basket, thereby when realizing similar with plastic bag or bottle cultivation domestic fungus, it has the effect that the fungus environment keeps apart to pass through bag/bottle with the culture material, exempt from simultaneously still to be equipped with ventilative structure on the bottle bag cultivation basket, can provide the necessary air in the domestic fungus cultivation process for confined basket. Therefore, the bottle-bag-free cultivation basket can be directly used for containing the cultivation materials, and the cultivation materials are contained in the material containing space, so that bottles or plastic bags are not needed. Moreover, the bottle bag-free cultivation baskets can be directly stacked, and a basket frame for holding the baskets is not needed. Therefore, when the bottle bag-free cultivation basket is used for cultivating edible fungi, only the basket is used, the related devices are few, and the operation is simple and convenient. In the specific cultivation process, during sterilization and spawn running, the uppermost basket is not filled with materials, gravels and the like are filled as balance weights, and the basket below the uppermost basket is pressed to realize sealing.
Further, ventilative structure is including locating orientation on the side of basket bottom plate basket mouth dorsad the ventilative recess that the basket mouth arches, and locate the basket lateral wall with be used for the intercommunication on the both sides wall that the cross slab both ends are connected ventilative recess with the bleeder vent in the basket lateral wall outside, be equipped with the filter media through the compress card pressure on the bleeder vent, the filter media can be the non-woven fabrics also can be the sponge, the cross slab is located on the diapire that ventilative recess arches.
Furthermore, the side surface of the basket bottom plate facing the basket opening is provided with a heat dissipation pore canal which is parallel to the longitudinal partition plate, and two ends of the heat dissipation pore canal respectively penetrate through the basket side wall connected with two ends of the longitudinal partition plate. The heat generated by the cultivation material in the material placing space in the spawn running stage and the fruiting stage can be taken away through the cold air passing through the heat dissipation pore channel, so that the spawn running and fruiting effects are prevented from being influenced by overhigh temperature.
In the invention, the specific structural forms of the bottle bag-free cultivation basket comprise the following three types: the first form, the quantity of vertical separators is 1, the quantity of cross slab is a plurality of, the cross slab will by the space that basket bottom plate and basket lateral wall enclose becomes a plurality of subspaces of arranging side by side, vertical separators be for connect in the first vertical separator at heat dissipation pore top just first vertical separator separates into every subspaces and puts the material space of two symmetries, the basket lateral wall with be equipped with on the both sides wall that the cross slab both ends are connected rather than the adjacent lateral wall that puts the material space and communicate and go out the mushroom hole, be equipped with the mushroom handhole door on the mushroom handhole door of lateral wall. The bottle bag-free cultivation basket in the form is used for lateral fruiting cultivation of edible fungi, and the edible fungi are fruiting through the side wall fruiting holes in the side wall of the bottle bag-free cultivation basket. The fruiting hole cover covers the side wall fruiting holes in the fungus growing stage, and in the fruiting stage, the fruiting hole cover is taken off from the side wall fruiting holes or replaced by a fruiting hole cover with ear holes.
In a second form, the number of the longitudinal partition plates and the number of the transverse partition plates are a plurality of, the transverse partition plates divide a space enclosed by the basket bottom plate and the basket side walls into a plurality of subspaces arranged in parallel, each longitudinal partition plate comprises a first longitudinal partition plate connected to the top of the heat dissipation pore passage and a second longitudinal partition plate arranged between the heat dissipation pore passage and the basket side walls, and each subspaces is divided into a plurality of material placing spaces by the longitudinal partition plates. This kind of form exempt from bottle bag and cultivate basket, longitudinal baffle and cross slab all are fixed connection and exempt from the bottle bag to cultivate in the basket to exempt from the bottle bag and cultivate not have the lateral wall hole of fruiting on the lateral wall of basket, consequently this kind of form exempt from the bottle bag to cultivate the top that the basket is used for domestic fungus and cultivate to the cultivation of fruiting, the domestic fungus is through exempting from putting material space open-top of bottle bag cultivation basket and go out the mushroom.
And in the third form, the improvement is made on the basis of the second form, a second longitudinal clapboard of the bottle bag-free cultivating basket in the second form is set as a detachable longitudinal clapboard, two side walls of the basket side wall, which are connected with two ends of the transverse clapboard, are provided with side wall fruiting holes communicated with the adjacent material placing spaces, and the side wall fruiting holes are provided with fruiting hole covers. Thus, the bottle bag-free cultivation basket in the third form is changed into a cultivation basket for both lateral fruiting and top fruiting. When the third form of the bottle bag-free cultivation basket needs to be adopted for cultivation of edible fungi, the mushroom hole covers are covered on the mushroom hole holes in the side wall, the detachable second longitudinal partition plate does not need to be detached, and the cultivation basket is changed into the bottle bag-free cultivation basket with the second form and has the same structure basically. When the bottle bag free cultivation basket in the third form is needed to be adopted for lateral fruiting cultivation of edible fungi, the fruiting hole covers are taken down or replaced by the fruiting hole covers with the fruiting hole holes, the detachable second longitudinal partition plate is detached, and the cultivation basket which is basically the same as the bottle bag free cultivation basket in the first form is changed.
The invention also provides an edible fungus bottle-bag-free cultivation unit, which comprises an edible fungus bottle-bag-free indefinite-point fruiting unit, an edible fungus bottle-bag-free annular tube fruiting unit and an edible fungus bottle-bag bud thinning and positioning fruiting unit, and the specific structure is as follows:
the utility model provides an edible mushroom is exempted from adventitious point of bottle bag and is grown mushroom unit, wherein, including main cultivation basket with can dismantle connect in the adventitious point of main cultivation basket top is grown mushroom and is held the basket frame, main cultivation basket is the exempted from bottle bag cultivation basket of foretell second kind form or third kind form, the fixed point is grown mushroom and is held the basket frame including the frame end along, put up along and connect in the frame end along and put up the frame pillar between the edge, the frame end is equipped with in the basket mouth that encloses size assorted second annular connecting flange in peripheral size and main cultivation basket along the side of putting up the edge dorsad, fixed point is grown mushroom and is held the basket frame and passes through second annular connecting flange can dismantle peg graft in on the basket mouth of main cultivation basket. Like this, when using this edible fungi to exempt from that bottle bag does not fixed point goes out the mushroom unit and piles up the mushroom, the fixed point goes out the mushroom and holds basket frame and just can provide the edible fungi in the main cultivation basket that a space supplied the lower floor put the material space between upper and lower two-layer main cultivation basket and carry out the top to go out the mushroom. Because the fixed-point fruiting basket support only has the bottom edge and does not have a bottom plate, the whole bottom of the fixed-point fruiting basket support is hollow, and edible fungi in the main cultivation basket material placing space matched with the fixed-point fruiting basket support can be fruiting randomly in the hollow area, namely fixed-point fruiting is realized.
The utility model provides an edible fungi exempts from bottle bag and encircles a section of thick bamboo fruiting unit, wherein, including main cultivation basket with can dismantle connect in the basket frame is born the mushroom in the ring section of thick bamboo at main cultivation basket top, main cultivation basket is the exempt from bottle bag cultivation basket of foretell second kind form or third kind form, encircle a mushroom and bear the basket frame including put up the bottom plate, put up along and connect in put up the bottom plate and put up the frame pillar between along, on the bottom plate with the position that main cultivation basket each put the material space and correspond is equipped with a mushroom ring section of thick bamboo, be equipped with peripheral size and main cultivation basket's the interior circular ring shape connecting flange of enclosing size assorted in the basket mouth on the frame bottom plate dorsad edge, a ring section of thick bamboo mushroom bears the basket frame pass through second circular ring shape connecting flange can dismantle peg graft in on the basket mouth of main cultivation basket. The first function of the ring-tube fruiting basket support is the same as that of an indefinite-point fruiting basket support, and a space is provided for edible fungi in the material placing space of the lower main cultivation basket to carry out top fruiting. The difference is that the ring-tube mushroom-growing basket-bearing frame comprises a frame bottom plate, and mushroom-growing ring tubes are arranged at positions on the frame bottom plate corresponding to the material placing spaces of the main cultivation basket, so that edible fungi in the material placing spaces of the main cultivation basket matched with the ring-tube mushroom-growing ring tubes can only grow mushrooms through the mushroom-growing ring tubes, and the ring-tube mushroom growing is realized.
The utility model provides an edible fungi exempts from bottle bag and dredges bud location fruiting unit, wherein, including main cultivation basket with can dismantle connect in the bud location fruiting of dredging at main cultivation basket top holds the basket frame, main cultivation basket is the bottle bag cultivation basket of exempting from of foretell second kind form or third kind form, it includes that frame bottom plate, frame are gone up along and connect in frame bottom plate and frame are gone up along between the frame pillar, on the frame bottom plate with the position that main cultivation basket each put material space and correspond is equipped with and dredges bud mushroom hole, be equipped with peripheral size and the basket mouth inner wall size assorted second annular connecting flange of main cultivation basket on the side of frame bottom plate dorsad edge, a ring section of thick bamboo mushroom holds the basket frame pass through second annular connecting flange can dismantle peg graft in on the basket mouth of main cultivation basket. The first function of the bud thinning positioning fruiting basket support is the same as that of the indefinite-point fruiting basket support, and a space is provided for edible fungi in the material placing space of the lower main cultivation basket to carry out top fruiting. The flower bud thinning positioning fruiting basket bearing frame is characterized in that the flower bud thinning positioning fruiting basket bearing frame also comprises a frame bottom plate, and flower bud thinning fruiting holes are formed in positions, corresponding to the material placing spaces of the main cultivation basket, on the frame bottom plate, so that edible fungi in the material placing spaces of the main cultivation basket matched with the flower bud thinning positioning fruiting frame can only mushroom through the flower bud thinning fruiting holes, namely, flower bud thinning positioning fruiting is realized, and the flower bud thinning positioning fruiting basket bearing frame is more suitable for cultivation of fruiting body single-grown mushrooms.
The invention also provides an edible fungus bottle bag-free cultivation system, which comprises an edible fungus bottle bag-free spawn running cultivation system and an edible fungus bottle bag-free fruiting system, and the specific structure is as follows:
the edible fungus bottle-bag-free spawn running cultivation system comprises a bottom tray, bottle-bag-free cultivation baskets in any form and placed on the bottom tray in a positive stacking mode in a multi-layer multi-row multi-column or multi-layer multi-row single-column arrangement mode, and balancing weights placed in material placing spaces of the bottle-bag-free cultivation baskets on the topmost layer.
The bottle bag-free mushroom growing system for the edible fungi comprises a lateral mushroom growing system and a top mushroom growing system, wherein the lateral mushroom growing system comprises a bottom tray, bottle bag-free cultivating baskets in the first form or the third form and a balancing weight, wherein the bottle bag-free cultivating baskets are placed on the bottom tray in a multi-layer multi-row single-column arrangement mode in a positive stacking mode, the balancing weight is placed in a material placing space of the bottle bag-free cultivating basket at the topmost layer, two adjacent bottle bag-free cultivating baskets in each layer in a single column are provided, and the side walls provided with heat dissipation pore channels are adjacent and opposite; the top mushroom growing system comprises a bottom tray and an edible fungus bottle-bag-free indefinite-point mushroom growing unit which is placed on the bottom tray in a multi-layer multi-row and multi-column arrangement mode in a positive stacking mode, or an edible fungus bottle-bag-free circular-tube mushroom growing unit, or an edible fungus bottle-bag bud-free bud-thinning positioning mushroom growing unit.
Further, the end tray includes the tray main part, locates be used for exempting from bottle bag cultivation basket/domestic fungus to exempt from the bottle bag of bottom on the tray main part top surface and exempt from the bottle bag and exempt from the unit of mushroom/domestic fungus and exempt from bottle bag ring section of thick bamboo of mushroom unit/domestic fungus and exempt from the bottle bag and dredge bud location and go out the spacing groove that the mushroom unit carries on spacingly. Therefore, the bottom trays and the cultivation baskets/cultivation units are mutually matched in a limiting way to realize positioning and placement, and the whole tray can be used as a unit to perform operations such as mechanical inoculation, water injection, mushroom picking and the like.
The invention also provides a bottle-bag-free cultivation method of edible fungi, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a corresponding bottle bag-free cultivation basket according to a fruiting mode suitable for edible fungi to be cultivated, sterilizing the cultivation material prepared by stirring and the selected bottle bag-free cultivation basket, inoculating strains to the sterilized cultivation material, and placing the inoculated cultivation material in a material placing space of the bottle bag-free cultivation basket;
s2, positively stacking bottle bag-free cultivation baskets loaded with inoculated cultivation materials on a bottom tray in a multi-layer multi-row multi-column or multi-layer multi-row single-column arrangement mode, stacking a layer of bottle bag-free cultivation baskets with balancing weights in material placing spaces at the top of the topmost bottle bag-free cultivation basket to form an edible fungus bottle bag-free spawn running cultivation system, and moving the edible fungus bottle bag-free spawn running cultivation system into a cultivation room for hypha cultivation;
s3, after the cultivation of the edible fungus hyphae is finished, if a bottle bag-free cultivation basket suitable for a lateral fruiting mode is selected in the step S1 and lateral fruiting is selected in the final fruiting mode, and the bottle bag-free cultivation basket in the step S2 adopts a multi-layer multi-row single-column arrangement mode and is stacked on a bottom tray, the stacking modes of an edible fungus bottle bag-free fungus growing cultivation system and a lateral fruiting system are the same, the edible fungus hyphae can be directly moved into a fruiting chamber to carry out fruiting management operation after the cultivation of the hyphae is finished, and the edible fungus hyphae are picked after the fruiting is mature; if the bottle bag-free cultivation basket in the step S2 adopts a multilayer multi-row multi-column arrangement mode to be stacked on the bottom tray, or if the multilayer multi-row single-column arrangement mode is adopted to be stacked on the bottom tray, but the top mushroom fruiting mode is selected finally, each bottle bag-free cultivation basket of the edible fungus bottle bag-free mushroom growing culture system needs to be detached independently, if the bottle bag-free cultivation basket suitable for the lateral mushroom fruiting mode is selected in the step S1, and the lateral mushroom fruiting is selected finally, the step S4 is performed; if the bottle bag-free cultivation basket suitable for the top mushroom growing mode is selected in the step S1 and the top mushroom growing mode is selected finally, performing the step S5;
s4, positively stacking the bottle bag-free cultivation baskets which are independently detached in the step S3 and have finished fungus growth on a bottom tray in a multi-layer multi-row single-column arrangement mode, stacking a layer of bottle bag-free cultivation baskets with balancing weights in material placing spaces at the top of the topmost bottle bag-free cultivation basket to form a lateral fruiting system, performing fruiting management operation, and picking up the mushrooms after the mushrooms are mature;
s5, if the edible fungi need to be subjected to fruiting at fixed points in the top direction, performing step S6; if the top fruiting of the edible fungi needs to adopt a ring tube for fruiting, the step S7 is carried out; if the fruiting of the edible fungi in the top direction needs to adopt bud thinning positioning, the step S8 is carried out;
s6, arranging an unfixed-point fruiting basket support on the top of each bottle-bag-free cultivation basket which is independently disassembled in the step S3 and used for spawn running to form edible fungus bottle-bag unfixed-point fruiting units, stacking a plurality of edible fungus bottle-bag-free unfixed-point fruiting units on a bottom tray in a fruiting chamber in a multi-layer multi-row multi-column arrangement mode to form a top fruiting system, moving the edible fungus bottle-bag unfixed-point fruiting units into the fruiting chamber, carrying out fruiting management operation, and picking the edible fungus when the edible fungus is mature;
s7, arranging a circular tube fruiting bearing basket frame at the top of each bottle bag-free cultivation basket which is independently disassembled in the step S3 and subjected to fungus growing to form an edible fungus bottle bag-free circular tube fruiting unit, and then stacking a plurality of edible fungus bottle bag-free circular tube fruiting units on a bottom tray in a fruiting chamber in a multi-layer multi-row multi-column arrangement mode to form a top fruiting system, performing fruiting management operation, and picking after fruiting is mature;
s8, arranging a bud thinning positioning fruiting bearing basket frame on the top of each bottle bag-free cultivation basket which is independently disassembled in the step S3 and used for spawn running to form an edible fungus bottle bag bud thinning positioning fruiting unit, and then stacking a plurality of edible fungus bottle bag bud thinning positioning fruiting units on a bottom tray in a fruiting chamber in a multi-layer multi-row multi-column arrangement mode to form a top fruiting system, carrying out fruiting management operation, and picking after fruiting is mature.
Further, in the step S1, sterilizing the selected bottle bag-free cultivation basket and the cultivation material prepared by stirring, respectively, then placing the sterilized cultivation material into a material placing space of the bottle bag-free cultivation basket in an aseptic environment, and then performing strain inoculation on the cultivation material, or performing strain inoculation while placing the sterilized cultivation material into the bottle bag-free cultivation basket;
or the step S1 specifically includes the following steps:
s11, filling the culture materials which are well stirred and prepared into a material placing space of a bottle bag-free culture basket, stacking the bottle bag-free culture basket filled with the culture materials on a bottom tray in a multi-layer multi-row multi-column or multi-layer multi-row single-column arrangement mode, correspondingly stacking a layer of bottle bag-free culture basket with a balancing weight in the material placing space at the topmost layer to form an edible fungus bottle bag-free spawn running culture system, then moving the edible fungus bottle bag-free culture system into a sterilizer, sterilizing the bottle bag-free culture basket and the culture materials in the material placing space, and moving the bottle bag-free culture basket out of the sterilizer for cooling after sterilization is completed;
s12, after sterilization and cooling are finished, independently disassembling each bottle bag-free cultivation basket of the edible fungus bottle bag-free spawn running cultivation system in an aseptic environment, and then inoculating strains to cultivation materials in the material space.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the bottle bag-free cultivation basket of the invention divides the inner space into a plurality of material placing spaces through the longitudinal partition plates and the transverse partition plates, and the bottom surfaces of the baskets are provided with the first annular connecting flanges and the sealing rings, so that the first annular connecting flange of one bottle bag-free cultivation basket is inserted into the opening of the other bottle bag-free cultivation basket, the bottom of the upper basket can be used as the cover of the lower basket, and the upper basket can seal the lower basket, thereby realizing the effect of isolating the culture materials from the external bacteria environment through bags/bottles when similarly using plastic bags or bottles to cultivate edible fungi, and meanwhile, the bottle bag-free cultivation basket is also provided with a ventilation structure which can provide the sealed basket with necessary air in the edible fungi cultivation process. Therefore, the bottle-bag-free cultivation basket can be directly used for containing the cultivation materials, and the cultivation materials are contained in the material containing space, so that bottles or plastic bags are not needed. Moreover, the bottle bag-free cultivation baskets can be directly stacked, and a basket frame for holding the baskets is not needed. Therefore, when the bottle bag-free cultivation basket is used for cultivating edible fungi, only the basket is used, the related devices are few, and the operation is simple and convenient.
The bottle bag-free cultivation basket can be used for both lateral fruiting cultivation and top fruiting cultivation, different top fruiting modes can be realized by respectively matching different basket-bearing frames during top fruiting cultivation, and more edible fungi varieties are suitable for top un-fixed-point fruiting, top ring tube fruiting and top bud thinning positioning fruiting.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic top view of the structure of example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic bottom structure diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic top view of embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic bottom structure diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is an exploded view of example 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the overall structure of embodiment 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a top view schematically illustrating the structure of the mushroom receiving rack according to example 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the bottom structure of an adventitious point fruiting basket support in embodiment 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the non-fixed-point fruiting in example 4 of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the overall structure of embodiment 5 of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a top view of the mushroom receiving rack of the ring-shaped pot in the embodiment 5 of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a bottom structure view of the mushroom receiving rack of the ring barrel in the embodiment 5 of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the ring tube fruiting performed by the embodiment 5 of the present invention.
Fig. 14 is an overall configuration diagram of embodiment 6 of the present invention.
FIG. 15 is a top view of the mushroom supporting rack for bud thinning and fruiting in the embodiment 6 of the present invention.
FIG. 16 is a schematic view of the bottom structure of the flower-bearing basket for bud thinning, positioning and fruiting in embodiment 6 of the present invention.
FIG. 17 is a schematic view of bud thinning, positioning and fruiting performed by the method of embodiment 6 of the present invention.
Fig. 18 is a schematic view of the overall structure of embodiment 7 of the present invention.
Fig. 19 is an overall configuration diagram of embodiment 8 of the present invention.
Fig. 20 is a schematic view of the entire structure of embodiment 9 of the present invention.
Fig. 21 is a schematic view of the overall structure of embodiment 10 of the present invention.
FIG. 22 is a schematic view of the entire structure of embodiment 11 of the present invention.
Fig. 23 is a schematic structural view of a midsole tray according to embodiment 8 of the present invention.
Fig. 24 is a schematic structural view of a midsole tray according to example 7, example 9, example 10, and example 11 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the patent; for the purpose of better illustrating the embodiments, certain features of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted. The positional relationships depicted in the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent.
Example 1
As shown in figures 1 and 2, a bottle bag-free cultivating basket 22 comprises a basket bottom plate 1 and a basket side wall 2 with one end connected with the peripheral edge of the basket bottom plate 1, the other end of the basket side wall 2 encloses a basket opening, a basket upper edge 201 is arranged on the basket opening, wherein a space enclosed by the basket bottom plate 1 and the basket side wall 2 is internally provided with longitudinal partition plates and transverse partition plates 4 which are arranged in a criss-cross manner and used for dividing the space into a plurality of material placing spaces 3, the peripheral edge of the side surface of the basket bottom plate 1 back to the basket opening is provided with a first annular connecting flange 5 with the peripheral dimension matched with the inner peripheral dimension of the basket opening, the peripheral outer wall of one end of the first annular connecting flange 5 connected with the basket bottom plate 1 is provided with a limiting boss 6, a sealing ring 7 is arranged on the peripheral outer wall of the first annular connecting flange 5 between the other end of the first annular connecting flange 5 and the limiting boss 6, and a space for communicating the first annular connecting flange 5 and the space enclosed by the basket bottom plate 1 and a ventilation structure outside the basket side wall 2 are arranged on the side surface of the basket bottom plate 1 back to the basket opening and the two side walls of the basket side wall 2 connected with the two ends of the diaphragm plate 4. Like this, peg graft on another basket mouth of exempting from bottle bag cultivation basket 22 with a first annular connecting flange 5 of exempting from bottle bag cultivation basket 22, the end of going up the basket just can be as the lid of basket down, and be equipped with sealing washer 7 on the 5 circumference outer walls of first annular connecting flange, so go up the basket and can seal lower basket, thereby when realizing similar with plastic bag or bottle cultivation domestic fungus, with cultivateing the material through the bag/the effect that has the fungus environment to keep apart with the external world, exempt from still to be equipped with ventilative structure on the bottle bag cultivation basket 22 simultaneously, can provide the necessary air of domestic fungus cultivation in-process for the confined basket. Therefore, the bottle-bag-free cultivating basket 22 can be directly used for containing the cultivating materials, and the cultivating materials are contained in the material containing space 3, so that bottles or plastic bags are not needed. Moreover, the bottle bag-free cultivation baskets 22 can be directly stacked, and a basket frame for holding the baskets is not needed. Therefore, when the bottle bag-free cultivating basket 22 is used for cultivating edible fungi, only the basket is used, the related devices are few, and the operation is simple and convenient. In the specific cultivation process, during sterilization and spawn running, the uppermost basket is not filled with materials, gravels and the like are filled as balance weights, and the basket below the uppermost basket is pressed to realize sealing.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 5, the ventilation structure includes a ventilation groove 13 which is arranged on the side surface of the basket bottom plate 1 facing away from the basket opening and is arched by the basket opening, and ventilation holes 14 which are arranged on the basket side wall 2 and two side walls connected with two ends of the transverse partition plate 4 and are used for communicating the ventilation groove 13 and the outer side of the basket side wall 2, a filter material 16 is pressed on the ventilation holes 14 through a cloth pressing card 15, the filter material 16 can be a non-woven fabric or a sponge, and the transverse partition plate 4 is arranged on the bottom wall arched by the ventilation groove 13.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the basket bottom plate 1 is provided, on a side surface facing the basket opening, with heat dissipation ducts 8 parallel to the vertical partition plates and having both ends penetrating through the basket side walls 2 connected to both ends of the vertical partition plates, respectively. The heat generated by the cultivation material in the material placing space 3 in the spawn running stage and the fruiting stage can be taken away by cold air passing through the heat dissipation pore channel 8, so that the spawn running and fruiting effects are prevented from being influenced by overhigh temperature.
As shown in fig. 1, the number of the longitudinal partition boards and the number of the transverse partition boards 4 are both a plurality of, the transverse partition boards 4 divide a space enclosed by the basket bottom board 1 and the basket side walls 2 into a plurality of subspaces arranged in parallel, each longitudinal partition board comprises a first longitudinal partition board 9 connected to the top of the heat dissipation duct 8 and a second longitudinal partition board 10 arranged between the heat dissipation duct 8 and the basket side walls 2, and each subspaces is divided into a plurality of material placing spaces 3 by the longitudinal partition boards. This kind of form exempts from bottle bag and cultivates basket 22, longitudinal baffle and cross slab 4 are all fixed connection exempts from bottle bag and cultivates the basket 22 in to exempt from bottle bag and cultivate the lateral wall of basket 22 and do not have lateral wall mushroom hole 11, therefore this kind of form exempts from bottle bag and cultivates basket 22 and be used for the top of domestic fungus to go out the mushroom cultivation, the domestic fungus is through exempting from bottle bag to cultivate putting material space 3 open-top mushroom of basket 22.
Example 2
The present embodiment is similar to embodiment 1, and is different from embodiment 1 in that, as shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4, the number of the longitudinal partition plates is 1, the number of the transverse partition plates 4 is several, the transverse partition plates 4 divide a space enclosed by the basket bottom plate 1 and the basket side walls 2 into a plurality of sub-spaces arranged in parallel, each sub-space is divided into two symmetrical material placing spaces 3 by the longitudinal partition plates 9 which are connected to the top of the heat dissipation pore passage 8, the two side walls of the basket side walls 2 connected to the two ends of the transverse partition plates 4 are provided with side wall mushroom outlet holes 11 communicated with the adjacent material placing spaces 3, and the side wall mushroom outlet holes 11 are provided with mushroom outlet caps 12. The bottle bag-free cultivating basket 22 is used for lateral fruiting cultivation of edible fungi, and the edible fungi are fruiting through the side wall fruiting holes 11 on the side wall 2 of the bottle bag-free cultivating basket 22. The fruiting hole cover 12 is fixed on the fruiting hole cover 12 in the spawn running stage, and the fruiting hole cover 12 is removed from the fruiting hole 11 on the side wall or replaced by a fruiting hole cover with an ear hole in the fruiting stage. The structure and operation principle of the other parts of this embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 1.
Example 3
The present embodiment is similar to embodiment 1, except that, as shown in fig. 5, the second longitudinal partition 10 is a detachable longitudinal partition, two side walls of the basket side wall 2 connected to two ends of the transverse partition 4 are provided with side wall mushroom growing holes 11 communicated with the material placing space 3 adjacent thereto, and the side wall mushroom growing holes 11 are provided with mushroom growing hole covers 12. Thus, the bag-free cultivation basket 22 of the present embodiment becomes a cultivation basket for both lateral fruiting and directional fruiting. When the bottle bag-free cultivating basket 22 of the embodiment is required to be adopted for top mushroom cultivation of edible fungi, the mushroom hole covers 12 are covered on the mushroom holes 11 on the side walls, the detachable second longitudinal partition plate 10 is not required to be detached, and the cultivating basket which has the structure basically the same as that of the bottle bag-free cultivating basket 22 of the embodiment 2 is changed. When the bottle bag-free cultivating basket 22 of the embodiment is required to be adopted for lateral mushroom cultivation of edible fungi, the mushroom hole cover 12 is taken down or replaced by a mushroom hole cover provided with an ear hole, and the detachable second longitudinal partition plate 10 is removed, so that the cultivating basket which has the structure basically the same as that of the bottle bag-free cultivating basket 22 of the embodiment 1 is changed. The structure and operation principle of the other parts of this embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 1.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 6 to 8, an edible fungus bottle bag-free indefinite-point fruiting unit 24 comprises a main cultivation basket 17 and an indefinite-point fruiting support basket 18 detachably connected to the top of the main cultivation basket 17, wherein the main cultivation basket 17 is a bottle bag-free cultivation basket 22 according to embodiment 1 or embodiment 3, the indefinite-point fruiting support basket 18 comprises a bottom edge 101, a top edge 102 and a support pillar 103 connected between the bottom edge 101 and the top edge 102, a second annular connecting flange 104 with an outer periphery size matched with an inner periphery size of a basket opening of the main cultivation basket 17 is arranged on a side of the bottom edge 101 facing away from the top edge 102, and the indefinite-point fruiting support basket 18 is detachably inserted into the basket opening of the main cultivation basket 17 through the second annular connecting flange 104. Thus, when the bottle-bag-free and non-fixed-point edible fungus fruiting units 24 are used for stacking and fruiting edible fungi, the non-fixed-point edible fungus fruiting bearing basket frame 18 can provide a space between the upper and lower layers of main cultivation baskets 17 for the edible fungi in the material containing space 3 of the lower layer of main cultivation basket 17 to carry out top fruiting. Because the unfixed-point fruiting basket support 18 only has the bottom edge 101 and does not have a bottom plate, the whole bottom of the unfixed-point fruiting basket support 18 is hollow, and edible fungi in the material containing space 3 of the main cultivation basket 17 matched with the unfixed-point fruiting basket support can be fruiting randomly in the hollow area, namely, unfixed-point fruiting is realized, as shown in fig. 9.
Example 5
As shown in figures 10 to 12, the edible fungus bottle-bag-free and ring-tube fruiting unit 25 comprises a main cultivation basket 17 and a ring-tube fruiting basket-bearing frame 19 detachably connected with the top of the main cultivation basket 17, the main cultivating basket 17 is the bottle bag-free cultivating basket 22 described in embodiment 1 or embodiment 3, the tube-surrounding fruiting basket support 19 comprises a support bottom plate 105, a support upper edge 102 and a support pillar 103 connected between the support bottom plate 105 and the support upper edge 102, a fruiting ring cylinder 106 is arranged on the bottom plate 105 corresponding to each material placing space 3 of the main cultivating basket 17, the side of the frame bottom plate 105 facing away from the frame upper edge 102 is provided with a second annular connecting flange 104 with the outer periphery size matched with the inner periphery size of the basket opening of the main cultivating basket 17, the annular-tube fruiting basket support 19 is detachably inserted into the basket opening of the main cultivation basket 17 through the second annular connecting flange 104. The first function of the ring-tube fruiting basket support 19 is the same as that of the indefinite-point fruiting basket support 18, and a space is provided for the edible fungi in the material placing space 3 of the lower main cultivation basket 17 to carry out top fruiting. Different from the above, the ring-tube fruiting basket support 19 comprises a support bottom plate 105, and fruiting ring tubes 106 are arranged on the support bottom plate 105 at positions corresponding to the material placing spaces 3 of the main cultivation basket 17, so that the edible fungi in the material placing spaces 3 of the main cultivation basket 17 matched with the support bottom plate can only be fruiting through the fruiting ring tubes 106, namely, the ring-tube fruiting is realized, as shown in fig. 13.
Example 6
As shown in fig. 14 to 16, a bud-thinning positioning fruiting unit 26 for edible fungi bottle-free bag, wherein, comprises a main cultivation basket 17 and a bud thinning positioning fruiting basket bearing frame 20 which is detachably connected with the top of the main cultivation basket 17, the main cultivating basket 17 is the bottle bag-free cultivating basket 22 described in embodiment 1 or embodiment 3, the bud-thinning positioning fruiting basket support 20 comprises a support bottom plate 105, a support upper edge 102 and a support pillar 103 connected between the support bottom plate 105 and the support upper edge 102, bud thinning and fruiting holes 107 are arranged on the frame bottom plate 105 at positions corresponding to the material placing spaces 3 of the main cultivation basket 17, the side of the frame bottom plate 105 facing away from the frame upper edge 102 is provided with a second annular connecting flange 104 with the outer periphery size matched with the inner periphery size of the basket opening of the main cultivating basket 17, the annular-tube fruiting basket support 19 is detachably inserted into the basket opening of the main cultivation basket 17 through the second annular connecting flange 104. The first function of the bud thinning positioning fruiting basket support 20 is also the same as that of the indefinite point fruiting basket support 18, and a space is provided for the edible fungi in the material placing space 3 of the lower main cultivation basket 17 to carry out top fruiting. The difference is that the bud thinning positioning fruiting basket support 20 also comprises a support bottom plate 105, and bud thinning fruiting holes 107 are arranged on the support bottom plate 105 and correspond to the material placing spaces 3 of the main cultivation basket 17, so that edible fungi in the material placing spaces 3 of the main cultivation basket 17 matched with the bud thinning fruiting holes 107 can only mushroom through bud thinning fruiting, namely bud thinning positioning fruiting is realized, and the bud thinning positioning fruiting support is more suitable for cultivation of single-fruiting lentinus edodes, as shown in fig. 17.
Example 7
As shown in fig. 18, the system for cultivating edible fungi without bottle bags comprises a bottom tray 21, a bottle bag-free cultivation basket 22 as described in embodiment 1, which is placed on the bottom tray 21 in a positive stacking manner in a multi-layer, multi-row, multi-column or multi-layer, multi-row, single-column arrangement manner, and a balancing weight 23 placed in the material placing space 3 of the topmost bottle bag-free cultivation basket 22.
Example 8
As shown in fig. 19, a lateral mushroom producing system without bottle bag for edible fungi, which comprises a bottom tray 21, bottle bag-free cultivation baskets 22 as described in embodiment 2 or embodiment 3 which are positively stacked on the bottom tray 21 in a multi-layer, multi-row and single-column arrangement, and a balancing weight 23 which is placed in the material placing space 3 of the topmost bottle bag-free cultivation basket 22, wherein two adjacent bottle bag-free cultivation baskets 22 in each layer of the single column are adjacently opposite to each other through the side wall provided with a heat dissipating duct 8;
as shown in fig. 23, the bottom tray 21 includes a tray main body 211, and a limiting groove 27 disposed on the top surface of the tray main body 211 for limiting the bottle bag-free cultivation basket 22 at the bottom layer. Therefore, the bottom trays 21 and the cultivation baskets are mutually matched in a limiting way to realize positioning and placement, and the whole tray can be used for mechanical inoculation, water injection, mushroom picking and other operations by taking one bottom tray 21 as a unit.
Example 9
As shown in fig. 20, the edible fungus bottle-bag-free top mushroom growing system comprises a bottom tray 21 and an edible fungus bottle-bag fixed-point mushroom growing unit 24 as described in embodiment 5, which is placed on the bottom tray 21 in a positive stacking manner in a multi-layer, multi-row and multi-column arrangement manner.
As shown in fig. 24, the bottom tray 21 includes a tray main body 211, and a limiting groove 27 disposed on the top surface of the tray main body 211 for limiting the edible fungus bottle-bag-free indefinite-point fruiting unit 24 at the bottom layer. Therefore, the bottom trays 21 and the cultivation baskets are mutually matched in a limiting way to realize positioning and placement, and the whole tray can be used for mechanical inoculation, water injection, mushroom picking and other operations by taking one bottom tray 21 as a unit.
Example 10
This example is similar to example 9, except that the top fruiting system comprises a bottom tray 21 and an edible fungus bottle-bag-free circular tube fruiting unit 25 as described in example 6, which is placed on the bottom tray 21 in a multi-layer, multi-row and multi-column arrangement. The structure and operation principle of the other parts of this embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 9.
Example 11
This embodiment is similar to embodiment 9, except that the top fruiting system comprises a bottom tray 21 and a bud thinning positioning fruiting unit 26 of edible fungi bottle-free bag as described in embodiment 7, which is placed on the bottom tray 21 in a multi-layer, multi-row and multi-column arrangement. The structure and operation principle of the other parts of this embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 9.
Example 12
The bottle-bag-free cultivation method of the edible fungi comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a corresponding bottle bag-free cultivation basket 22 according to a fruiting mode suitable for edible fungi to be cultivated, then sterilizing the cultivation material prepared by stirring and the selected bottle bag-free cultivation basket 22, then inoculating strains to the sterilized cultivation material, and placing the inoculated cultivation material in a material placing space 3 of the bottle bag-free cultivation basket 22;
s2, positively stacking bottle bag-free cultivation baskets 22 loaded with inoculated cultivation materials on a bottom tray 21 in a multi-layer multi-row multi-column or multi-layer multi-row single-column arrangement mode, stacking a layer of bottle bag-free cultivation baskets 22 with balancing weights 23 in a material placing space 3 on the top of the topmost bottle bag-free cultivation basket 22 to form an edible fungus bottle bag-free spawn running cultivation system, and moving the edible fungus bottle bag-free spawn running cultivation system into a cultivation room for hypha cultivation;
s3, after the cultivation of the edible fungus hyphae is finished, if the bottle bag-free cultivation basket 22 suitable for the lateral fruiting mode is selected in the step S1 and the lateral fruiting mode is selected finally, and the bottle bag-free cultivation basket 22 in the step S2 adopts a multi-layer multi-row single-column arrangement mode to be stacked on the bottom tray 21, the stacking modes of the edible fungus bottle bag-free fungus growing cultivation system and the lateral fruiting system are the same, the hyphae can be directly moved into a fruiting chamber to carry out fruiting management operation after the cultivation is finished, and the mushrooms are picked after being mature; if the bottle bag-free cultivation basket 22 in the step S2 adopts a multi-layer multi-row multi-column arrangement mode to be stacked on the bottom tray 21, or if the bottle bag-free cultivation basket 22 adopts a multi-layer multi-row single-column arrangement mode to be stacked on the bottom tray 21, but the final fruiting mode is selected to be top fruiting, each bottle bag-free cultivation basket 22 of the edible fungus bottle bag-free spawn running cultivation system needs to be detached independently, and if the bottle bag-free cultivation basket 22 suitable for the lateral fruiting mode is selected in the step S1 and lateral fruiting is selected in the final fruiting mode, the step S4 is performed; if the bottle bag-free cultivation basket 22 suitable for the top fruiting mode is selected in the step S1, and the top fruiting mode is finally selected, performing the step S5;
s4, the bottle bag-free cultivation baskets 22 which are independently detached in the step S3 and are used for spawn running are positively stacked on the bottom tray 21 in a multi-layer multi-row single-column arrangement mode, a layer of bottle bag-free cultivation baskets 22 with the balancing weights 23 in the material placing spaces 3 are stacked on the top of the topmost bottle bag-free cultivation basket 22, a lateral fruiting system is formed, fruiting management operation is carried out, and picking is carried out after fruiting is mature;
s5, if the edible fungi need to be subjected to fruiting at fixed points in the top direction, performing step S6; if the top fruiting of the edible fungi needs to adopt a ring tube for fruiting, the step S7 is carried out; if the fruiting of the edible fungi in the top direction needs to adopt bud thinning positioning, the step S8 is carried out;
s6, arranging an indefinite-point fruiting support basket frame 18 on the top of each bottle bag-free cultivation basket 22 which is independently disassembled in the step S3 after fungus growing is completed to form an edible fungus bottle bag indefinite-point fruiting unit 24, then positively stacking a plurality of edible fungus bottle bag indefinite-point fruiting units 24 on a bottom tray 21 in a fruiting chamber in a multi-layer multi-row multi-column arrangement mode to form a top fruiting system, then moving the edible fungus bottle bag indefinite-point fruiting system into the fruiting chamber to carry out fruiting management operation, and picking the edible fungus when the edible fungus is mature;
s7, installing a circular tube fruiting bearing basket frame 19 on the top of each bottle bag-free cultivation basket 22 which is independently disassembled in the step S3 and subjected to fungus growing to form an edible fungus bottle bag-free circular tube fruiting unit 25, then stacking a plurality of edible fungus bottle bag-free circular tube fruiting units 25 on a bottom tray 21 in a fruiting chamber in a multi-layer multi-row multi-column arrangement mode to form a top fruiting system, performing fruiting management operation, and picking after fruiting is mature;
s8, arranging a bud thinning positioning fruiting bearing basket frame 20 on the top of each bottle bag free cultivation basket 22 which is independently disassembled in the step S3 after fungus growing is completed to form an edible fungus bottle bag bud thinning positioning fruiting unit 26, then positively stacking a plurality of edible fungus bottle bag bud thinning positioning fruiting units 26 on a bottom tray 21 in a fruiting chamber in a multi-layer multi-row multi-column arrangement mode to form a top fruiting system, carrying out fruiting management operation, and picking after fruiting is mature.
In this embodiment, in step S1, the selected bottle bag-free cultivation basket 22 and the cultivation material prepared by stirring are sterilized, and the sterilized cultivation material is filled into the material accommodating space 3 of the bottle bag-free cultivation basket 22 in an aseptic environment, and then the cultivation material is inoculated with the strain, or the sterilized cultivation material is filled into the bottle bag-free cultivation basket 22 and simultaneously inoculated with the strain;
or the step S1 specifically includes the following steps:
s11, filling the culture materials which are well stirred and prepared into a material placing space 3 of a bottle bag-free culture basket 22, stacking the bottle bag-free culture basket 22 filled with the culture materials on a bottom tray 21 in a multi-layer multi-row and multi-column arrangement mode, correspondingly stacking a layer of bottle bag-free culture basket 22 with a balancing weight 23 in the material placing space 3 at the topmost layer to form an edible fungus bottle bag-free spawn running culture system, then moving the edible fungus bottle bag-free culture system into a sterilizer, sterilizing the bottle bag-free culture basket 22 and the culture materials in the material placing space 3, and moving the bottle bag-free culture basket 22 and the culture materials out of the sterilizer for cooling after sterilization is completed;
s12, after the sterilization and cooling are finished, in an aseptic environment, independently detaching each bottle bag-free cultivation basket 22 of the edible fungus bottle bag-free spawn running cultivation system, and then inoculating strains to the cultivation material in the material placing space 3.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (14)

1. The utility model provides a exempt from bottle bag and cultivate basket, including basket bottom plate (1) and one end with basket lateral wall (2) that basket bottom plate (1) all around edge is connected, the other end of basket lateral wall (2) encloses into the basket mouth, be equipped with on the basket mouth along (201), its characterized in that, be equipped with in the space that basket bottom plate (1) and basket lateral wall (2) enclose be used for separating this space into a plurality of vertical separators and horizontal separators (4) of putting criss-cross setting of material space (3), basket bottom plate (1) all around edge to the side of basket mouth dorsad be equipped with peripheral size with enclose first annular connecting flange (5) of size assorted in the basket mouth, first annular connecting flange (5) with be equipped with spacing boss (6) on the circumference outer wall of the one end that basket bottom plate (1) is connected, on the circumference outer wall of first annular connecting flange (5) the other end with be equipped with between spacing boss (6) sealing washer (7) ) The side face, back to the basket opening, of the basket bottom plate (1) and the two side walls, connected with the two ends of the basket side wall (2) and the transverse partition plate (4), of the basket side wall are provided with air permeable structures used for communicating the space enclosed by the first annular connecting flange (5) and the basket bottom plate (1) and the outer side of the basket side wall (2).
2. The bottle bag-free cultivating basket as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ventilating structure comprises a ventilating groove (13) arranged on the side of the basket bottom plate (1) facing away from the basket opening and arched towards the basket opening, and ventilating holes (14) arranged on the two side walls of the basket side wall (2) and the two ends of the transverse partition plate (4) and used for communicating the ventilating groove (13) with the outer side of the basket side wall (2), a filter material (16) is pressed on the ventilating holes (14) through a cloth pressing clamp (15), and the transverse partition plate (4) is arranged on the bottom wall arched by the ventilating groove (13).
3. A bottle bag-free basket according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the side of the basket bottom plate (1) facing the basket opening is provided with heat dissipation holes (8) parallel to the longitudinal partition plate and having two ends respectively penetrating through the basket side walls (2) connected with the two ends of the longitudinal partition plate.
4. The bottle bag-free cultivating basket according to claim 3, wherein the number of the longitudinal partition plates is 1, the number of the transverse partition plates (4) is several, the space enclosed by the basket bottom plate (1) and the basket side walls (2) is divided into a plurality of subspaces arranged in parallel by the transverse partition plates (4), the longitudinal partition plates are first longitudinal partition plates (9) connected to the tops of the heat dissipation pore passages (8), each subspaces is divided into two symmetrical material placing spaces (3) by the first longitudinal partition plates (9), the basket side walls (2) and two side wall fruiting holes (11) communicated with the adjacent material placing spaces (3) are formed in two side walls connected with two ends of the transverse partition plates (4), and fruiting hole covers (12) are formed in the side wall fruiting holes (11).
5. The bottle bag-free cultivating basket as claimed in claim 3, wherein the number of the longitudinal partition boards and the number of the transverse partition boards (4) are both a plurality of, the transverse partition boards (4) divide the space enclosed by the basket bottom board (1) and the basket side walls (2) into a plurality of subspaces arranged in parallel, each longitudinal partition board comprises a first longitudinal partition board (9) connected to the top of the heat dissipating duct (8) and a second longitudinal partition board (10) arranged between the heat dissipating duct (8) and the basket side walls (2), and each subspaces is divided into a plurality of material placing spaces (3) by the longitudinal partition boards.
6. The bottle bag-free cultivating basket as claimed in claim 5, wherein the second longitudinal partition (10) is a detachable longitudinal partition, side wall mushroom growing holes (11) communicated with the material placing space (3) adjacent to the side wall mushroom growing holes are formed in two side walls of the basket side wall (2) connected with two ends of the transverse partition (4), and mushroom growing hole covers (12) are formed in the side wall mushroom growing holes (11).
7. The edible fungus non-fixed-point fruiting unit is characterized by comprising a main cultivation basket (17) and a non-fixed-point fruiting bearing basket frame (18) detachably connected to the top of the main cultivation basket (17), wherein the main cultivation basket (17) is the bottle bag free cultivation basket according to claim 5 or 6, the non-fixed-point fruiting bearing basket frame (18) comprises a frame bottom edge (101), a frame upper edge (102) and a frame support column (103) connected between the frame bottom edge (101) and the frame upper edge (102), a second annular connecting flange (104) matched with the inner periphery of a basket opening of the main cultivation basket (17) in peripheral size is arranged on the side, facing away from the frame upper edge (102), of the frame bottom edge (101), and the non-fixed-point fruiting bearing basket frame (18) can be detachably connected to the basket opening of the main cultivation basket (17) in an inserting mode through the second annular connecting flange (104).
8. The utility model provides an edible fungi exempts from bottle bag ring section of thick bamboo fruiting unit, its characterized in that, including main cultivation basket (17) with can dismantle connect in the ring section of thick bamboo fruiting at main cultivation basket (17) top holds basket (19), main cultivation basket (17) be claim 5 or 6 exempt from bottle bag cultivation basket, ring section of thick bamboo fruiting holds basket (19) including put up bottom plate (105), put up along (102) and connect in put up bottom plate (105) and put up along frame pillar (103) between (102), on the frame bottom plate (105) with the position that each material space (3) of putting of main cultivation basket (17) correspond is equipped with a fruiting ring section of thick bamboo (106), be equipped with peripheral size and the basket mouth inner wall size assorted second annular connecting flange (104) of main cultivation basket (17) on the side of putting up bottom plate (105) dorsad, ring section of thick bamboo fruiting holds basket (19) through second annular connecting flange (104) can dismantle in the basket mouth inner wall of main cultivation basket (17) pegs graft On the basket opening.
9. The edible fungus bud thinning and positioning fruiting unit without the bottle bag is characterized by comprising a main cultivation basket (17) and a bottle bag-free cultivation basket support (20) detachably connected to the top of the main cultivation basket (17) in a bud thinning and positioning fruiting mode, wherein the main cultivation basket (17) is the bottle bag-free cultivation basket according to claim 5 or 6, the bud thinning and positioning fruiting basket support (20) comprises a frame bottom plate (105), an upper frame edge (102) and a frame support (103) connected to the frame bottom plate (105) and the upper frame edge (102), bud thinning and fruiting holes (107) are formed in positions, corresponding to the material placing spaces (3) of the main cultivation basket (17), of the frame bottom plate (105) are arranged on the side, opposite to the upper frame edge (102), of the frame bottom plate (105) is provided with a second annular connecting flange (104) matched with the inner periphery size of a basket opening of the main cultivation basket (17) in a peripheral size, and the annular mushroom growing and bearing basket support (19) can be detachably connected to the main cultivation basket support the second annular connecting flange (104) in a plugging mode The basket opening of the cultivation basket (17).
10. A bottle bag-free spawn running cultivation system for edible fungi, which is characterized by comprising a bottom tray (21), the bottle bag-free cultivation basket (22) as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 6, which is placed on the bottom tray (21) in a positive stacking mode in a multi-layer multi-row multi-column or multi-layer multi-row single-column arrangement mode, and a balancing weight (23) which is placed in a material placing space (3) of the topmost bottle bag-free cultivation basket.
11. A bottle bag-free mushroom producing system for edible fungi, which is characterized by comprising a lateral mushroom producing system and a top mushroom producing system, wherein the lateral mushroom producing system comprises a bottom tray (21), bottle bag-free cultivation baskets (22) as claimed in claim 4 or 6 which are positively stacked on the bottom tray (21) in a multi-layer multi-row single-column arrangement mode, and balancing weights (23) which are arranged in a material placing space (3) of the topmost bottle bag-free cultivation basket, two adjacent bottle bag-free cultivation baskets (22) in each layer of the single column are provided, and the side walls provided with heat radiating pore canals (8) are adjacently opposite; the top fruiting system comprises a bottom tray (21) and an edible fungus bottle-free bag fixed-point fruiting unit (24) as claimed in claim 7, or an edible fungus bottle-free bag ring tube fruiting unit (25) as claimed in claim 8, or an edible fungus bottle-free bag bud thinning positioning fruiting unit (26) as claimed in claim 9, which are placed on the bottom tray (21) in a manner of multilayer multi-row multi-column arrangement in a positive stacking manner.
12. The mushroom growing system according to claim 11, wherein the bottom tray (21) comprises a tray main body (211), and a limiting groove (27) arranged on the top surface of the tray main body (211) for limiting the bottommost bottle bag-free cultivating basket (22)/the edible mushroom bag-free indefinite-point growing unit (24)/the edible mushroom bag-free ring tube growing unit (25)/the edible mushroom bag bud-free positioning growing unit (26).
13. The bottle-bag-free cultivation method for the edible fungi is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, selecting a corresponding bottle bag-free cultivation basket (22) according to a fruiting mode suitable for edible fungi to be cultivated, sterilizing the cultivation material prepared by stirring and the selected bottle bag-free cultivation basket (22), inoculating strains to the sterilized cultivation material, and placing the inoculated cultivation material in a material placing space (3) of the bottle bag-free cultivation basket (22);
s2, positively stacking bottle bag-free cultivation baskets (22) loaded with inoculated cultivation materials on a bottom tray (21) in a multi-layer multi-row multi-column or multi-layer multi-row single-column arrangement mode, stacking a layer of bottle bag-free cultivation baskets (22) with balancing weights (23) in a material placing space (3) on the top of the topmost bottle bag-free cultivation basket (22) to form an edible fungus bottle bag-free spawn running cultivation system, and moving the edible fungus bottle bag-free cultivation baskets into a cultivation room for hypha cultivation;
s3, after the cultivation of the edible fungus hyphae is finished, if a bottle bag-free cultivation basket (22) suitable for a lateral fruiting mode is selected in the step S1 and lateral fruiting is selected finally in the fruiting mode, and the bottle bag-free cultivation basket (22) in the step S2 adopts a multi-layer multi-row single-column arrangement mode and is positively stacked on a bottom tray (21), the stacking modes of an edible fungus bottle bag-free spawn running cultivation system and a lateral fruiting system are the same, the hyphae can be directly moved into a fruiting chamber to carry out fruiting management operation after the cultivation of the hyphae is finished, and the hyphae are picked after the fruiting is mature; if the bottle bag-free cultivation basket (22) in the step S2 adopts a multilayer multi-row multi-column arrangement mode to be stacked on the bottom tray (21) positively, or although the multilayer multi-row single-column arrangement mode is adopted to be stacked on the bottom tray (21) positively, the top mushroom fruiting mode is selected finally, each bottle bag-free cultivation basket (22) of the edible fungus bottle bag-free mushroom growing culture system needs to be detached independently, if the bottle bag-free cultivation basket (22) suitable for the lateral mushroom fruiting mode is selected in the step S1, and the lateral mushroom fruiting mode is selected finally, the step S4 is carried out; if the bottle bag-free cultivation basket (22) suitable for the top mushroom growing mode is selected in the step S1, and the top mushroom growing mode is selected finally, the step S5 is carried out;
s4, stacking the bottle bag-free cultivation baskets (22) which are independently detached in the step S3 and have finished fungus growing on a bottom tray (21) in a multi-layer multi-row single-column arrangement mode, stacking bottle bag-free cultivation baskets (22) which are provided with balancing weights (23) in a material placing space (3) at the top of the topmost bottle bag-free cultivation basket (22) to form a lateral fruiting system, performing fruiting management operation, and picking after fruiting is mature;
s5, if the edible fungi need to be subjected to fruiting at fixed points in the top direction, performing step S6; if the top fruiting of the edible fungi needs to adopt a ring tube for fruiting, the step S7 is carried out; if the fruiting of the edible fungi in the top direction needs to adopt bud thinning positioning, the step S8 is carried out;
s6, arranging an indefinite-point fruiting bearing basket frame (18) on the top of each bottle-bag-free cultivation basket (22) which is independently disassembled in the step S3 and used for spawn running to form an edible fungus bottle-bag indefinite-point fruiting unit (24), stacking a plurality of edible fungus bottle-bag indefinite-point fruiting units (24) on a bottom tray (21) in a fruiting chamber in a multi-layer multi-row and multi-column arrangement mode to form a top fruiting system, moving the edible fungus bottle-bag indefinite-point fruiting system into a fruiting chamber, carrying out fruiting management operation, and picking the edible fungus when the edible fungus is mature;
s7, arranging a circular tube fruiting bearing basket frame (19) on the top of each bottle bag-free cultivation basket (22) which is independently disassembled in the step S3 and used for spawn running to form an edible fungus bottle bag-free circular tube fruiting unit (25), and then stacking a plurality of edible fungus bottle bag-free circular tube fruiting units (25) on a bottom tray (21) in a fruiting chamber in a multi-layer multi-row and multi-column arrangement mode to form a top fruiting system for fruiting management operation, and picking after fruiting is mature;
s8, arranging a bud thinning positioning fruiting bearing basket frame (20) on the top of each bottle bag-free cultivation basket (22) which is independently disassembled in the step S3 and used for spawn running to form an edible fungus bud thinning positioning fruiting unit (26), and then stacking a plurality of bottle bag bud thinning positioning fruiting units (26) of edible fungi on a bottom tray (21) in a fruiting chamber in a multi-layer multi-row multi-column arrangement mode to form a top fruiting system for fruiting management operation, and picking after fruiting is mature.
14. The bottle bag-free cultivation method of edible fungi as claimed in claim 13, wherein in step S1, the selected bottle bag-free cultivation basket (22) and the prepared cultivation material are sterilized, and then the sterilized cultivation material is filled into the material holding space (3) of the bottle bag-free cultivation basket (22) in an aseptic environment, and then the cultivation material is inoculated with the strain, or the sterilized cultivation material is filled into the bottle bag-free cultivation basket (22) and simultaneously inoculated with the strain;
or the step S1 specifically includes the following steps:
s11, filling the stirred and prepared cultivation materials into a material placing space (3) of a bottle bag-free cultivation basket (22), placing the bottle bag-free cultivation basket (22) filled with the cultivation materials on a bottom tray (21) in a positive stacking mode in a multi-layer multi-row multi-column or multi-layer multi-row single-column arrangement mode, correspondingly placing a layer of bottle bag-free cultivation basket (22) with a balancing weight (23) in the material placing space (3) in a positive stacking mode at the topmost layer to form an edible fungus bottle bag-free cultivation system, then moving the edible fungus bag-free cultivation system into a sterilizer, sterilizing the bottle bag-free cultivation basket (22) and the cultivation materials in the material placing space (3), and moving the sterilized bottle bag-free cultivation basket out of the sterilizer for cooling;
s12, after the sterilization and cooling are finished, independently detaching each bottle bag-free cultivation basket (22) of the edible fungus bottle bag-free spawn running cultivation system in an aseptic environment, and then inoculating strains to the cultivation material in the material placing space (3).
CN202110701596.8A 2021-06-23 2021-06-23 Bottle bag-free cultivation basket and application thereof Active CN113243249B (en)

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