CN113234935B - 一种从钒渣中共提取钒钛铬的方法 - Google Patents

一种从钒渣中共提取钒钛铬的方法 Download PDF

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CN113234935B
CN113234935B CN202110505582.9A CN202110505582A CN113234935B CN 113234935 B CN113234935 B CN 113234935B CN 202110505582 A CN202110505582 A CN 202110505582A CN 113234935 B CN113234935 B CN 113234935B
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闫柏军
董自慧
张�杰
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种从钒渣中共提取钒钛铬的方法,该方法通过低温氢还原‑三氯化铁除铁‑低温草酸浸出钒渣的方法,选择性地将包裹在尖晶石外的辉石和铁橄榄石还原,破坏其结构,实现尖晶石相和硅酸盐相的解离,使尖晶石相充分的暴露出来,利用草酸的酸性和强络合性,直接低温浸出钒渣,破坏尖晶石结构,使钒钛铬与草酸根络合进入溶液,实现钒钛铬的共同提取。本发明从钒渣中提取钒、钛、铬,其浸出率均大于99%。

Description

一种从钒渣中共提取钒钛铬的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及冶金炉渣资源化利用技术领域,尤其涉及一种从钒渣中共提取钒钛铬的方法。
背景技术
钒渣是钒钛磁铁矿冶炼的副产品,含有较丰富的稀有金属元素,如钒、钛、铬等。目前,钒渣仅用于提钒,采用的主要工艺为钠化焙烧-水浸提和钙化焙烧- 酸浸提钒工艺。
钠化焙烧-水浸提钒工艺流程主要包括以下工序:钠化焙烧工序、水浸工序、溶液净化工序和铵盐沉钒工序。然而,该工艺普遍存在以下问题:工艺流程复杂,需要高温焙烧(850℃)才能实现提钒;该工艺仅能实现提钒,而不能实现钛和铬的提取,且钒回收率较低,一般小于80%;该工艺造成的“三废”问题比较严重。
钙化焙烧-酸浸提钒工艺流程主要包括以下工序:钙化焙烧工序、酸浸工序、溶液净化工序和铵盐沉钒工序。然而,该工艺普遍存在以下问题:工艺流程复杂,需要高温焙烧(850℃)才能实现提钒;钒回收率较低,一般低于钠化焙烧提钒工艺;对钒渣品位要求高;虽然解决了钠化焙烧产生废气、废水问题,但钛、铬不能共同提取的问题依然存在,且尾渣具有毒性。
在专利CN201911129723.0中公开了一种水热法有机酸浸出钒、钛、铬原料中钒、钛、铬的方法,该方法是在高温、高压条件下,通过高浓度草酸直接浸出钒渣实现钒钛铬的共同提取,并解决了“三废”问题。但该方法需要在高温、高压和高酸度的条件下进行,对设备的要求较高。因此,需要开发一种低温、低压、低浓度草酸直接浸出钒渣中钒钛铬的方法。
发明内容
本发明针对钒渣的矿物特点,分析了现有技术中,仅能从钒渣中提钒且回收率较低的根本原因,提供了一种低温还原-三氯化铁除铁-低温草酸浸出钒渣的方法,实现了钒钛铬的同时提取,所述方法具体步骤如下:
(1)将钒渣放入高温反应炉内,进行还原反应,得到还原物料;
(2)在还原物料中加入一定量的三氯化铁溶液,然后放入反应釜内,进行除铁反应,待反应结束后过滤、洗涤、烘干得到除铁后的产物;
(3)将除铁后的产物与一定量的草酸溶液混合后放入反应釜内进浸出反应,待反应结束后,过滤、洗涤得到钒钛铬的浸出液和浸出渣。
进一步地,所述步骤(1)中的原料为高品位钒渣或低品位钒渣中的一种或两种。
进一步地,所述步骤(1)中钒渣的粒度为100-500目,优选的原料粒度为 200-250目。
进一步地,所述步骤(1)中的反应温度为600-1000℃,反应时间为30-150 min,优选的,反应温度为800-900℃,反应时间为60-90min。
进一步地,所述步骤(1)中的还原反应为氢气还原反应、碳还原反应、一氧化碳还原反应中的一种。
进一步地,所述氢气还原反应中氢气流量为50-300mL/min,优选的,氢气流量为100-200mL/min;碳还原反应中碳的添加量为钒渣的8%-20%,优选的,碳的添加量为钒渣的10%-15%;一氧化碳还原反应 中一氧化碳流量为70-400 mL/min,优选的,一氧化碳流量为200-250mL/min;
进一步地,所述步骤(2)中三氯化铁水溶液的浓度为200-600g/L,所述三氯化铁溶液与还原物料的液料比为4-10mL/g,所述反应温度为50-90℃,所述反应时间为30-50min,搅拌速度为200-400r/min。
进一步地,所述步骤(2)中三氯化铁水溶液的浓度为400-500g/L,所述三氯化铁溶液与还原物-料的液料比为4-10mL/g,所述反应温度为60-70℃,所述反应时间为30-50min;搅拌速度为350-400r/min。
进一步地,所述步骤(3)中反应釜内的反应温度为40-100℃,草酸浓度为 5%-15%,草酸溶液与还原除铁后物料的的液料比为4-10mL/g,反应时间为 30-120min,反应压力为0-1MPa,搅拌速度为100-500r/min。
进一步地,所述步骤(3)中反应釜内的反应温度为70-80℃,草酸浓度为 5%-15%,草酸溶液与还原除铁后物料的的液料比为6-8mL/g,反应时间为30-120 min,反应压力为0-1MPa,搅拌速度为300-350r/min。
钒渣的矿相主要由钒尖晶石、铁橄榄石和辉石相组成,钒钛铬储存在尖晶石相中,而尖晶石相由铁橄榄石相和辉石相包裹。传统方法通过高温并添加钠盐或钙盐,以破坏钒尖晶石结构,使钒转化为可溶性的钒酸盐,实现钒的提取。但被铁橄榄石和辉石包裹的钒尖晶石难以利用,高温会进一步使硅酸盐融化,导致“包裹”现象更加严重。因此,难实现钒的高效提取。同时,由于钛铬的尖晶石结构稳定,高温很难破坏,因此提钒的过程中,不能实现钛铬的共提取。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益技术效果:
本发明通过对尖晶石相、铁橄榄石相和辉石相物化性质的研究,采用低温还原的方式选择性地将包裹在尖晶石外的辉石和铁橄榄石还原,破坏其结构,打开“包裹”。然后本发明利用三氯化铁高效浸出铁,实现尖晶石相和硅酸盐相的解离,使尖晶石相充分的暴露出来。最后,本发明利用草酸的酸性和强络合性,直接低温浸出钒渣,破坏尖晶石结构,使钒钛铬与草酸根络合进入溶液,实现钒钛铬的共同提取。
经检测,采用本发明所述方法从钒渣中提取钒、钛、铬,其浸出率均大于 99%。
具体实施方式
实施例1
(1)取5g钒渣,放入高温管式炉中,反应条件为氢气流量100mL/min,反应温度为700℃,保温时间为80min,随炉冷却至室温;
(2)取2g氢还原后的钒渣,与20mL浓度为500g/L的三氯化铁溶液共同放入反应釜中,设置浸出温度为60℃,浸出时间为40min,搅拌速度为400 r/min,待反应结束后,过滤、洗涤、烘干。
(3)取1.5g除铁后的钒渣,1.48g草酸,15mL去离子水,混匀成料浆,加入到反应釜内,反应温度为75℃,反应时间为60min,反应压力为0.02MPa,搅拌速度为300r/min,待反应结束后,冷却至室温,过滤、洗涤后,得到钒、钛、铬的浸出液和浸出渣。
实验结果表明:钒渣中钒的浸出率为98.1%、钛的浸出率为98.4%、铬的浸出率为97.6%。
实施例2
(1)取5g钒渣,放入高温管式炉中,加入18%的碳粉,反应温度为800℃,保温时间为100min,随炉冷却至室温;
(2)取2g还原后的钒渣,与20mL浓度为600g/L的三氯化铁溶液共同放入反应釜中,设置浸出时间为60min,搅拌速度为500r/min,待反应结束后,过滤、洗涤、烘干;
(3)取1g除铁后的钒渣,1.11g草酸,10mL去离子水,混匀成料浆,加入到反应釜内,反应温度为85℃,反应时间为60min,反应压力为0.03MPa,搅拌速度为300r/min,待反应结束后,冷却至室温,过滤、洗涤后,得到钒、钛、铬的浸出液和浸出渣。
实验结果表明:钒渣中钒的浸出率为99.5%、钛的浸出率为99.4%、铬的浸出率为99%。
实施例3
(1)取5g钒渣,放入高温管式炉中,一氧化碳流量为100mL/min,反应温度为900℃,保温时间为120min,随炉冷却至室温;
(2)取2g还原后的钒渣,与20mL浓度为500g/L的三氯化铁溶液共同放入反应釜中,设置浸出时间为60min,搅拌速度为500r/min,待反应结束后,过滤、洗涤、烘干;
(3)取1g除铁后的钒渣,1.76g草酸,10mL去离子水,混匀成料浆,加入到反应釜内,反应温度为100℃,反应时间为60min,反应压力为0.1MPa,搅拌速度为400r/min,待反应结束后,冷却至室温,过滤、洗涤后,得到钒、钛、铬的浸出液和浸出渣。
实验结果表明:钒渣中钒的浸出率为99.8%、钛的浸出率为99.7%、铬的浸出率为99.5%。
对比例1
以传统的钠化焙烧和钙化焙烧提钒方法,结果表明,该方法仅能实现钒的提取,最终提取率低于80%。
对比例2
以专利CN201911129723.0中提供的方法对钒、钛、铬进行提取,方法如下:将1g钒渣,1.11g草酸、10mL去离子水加入到反应釜中,设定反应温度为80℃,反应时间为90min。
实验结果表明:钒渣中钒的浸出率为65.1%、钛的浸出率为64.3%、铬的浸出率为48.5%。
对比例2
同对比例2,区别在于,草酸浸出氢还原除铁后的钒渣。
实验结果表明:钒渣中钒的浸出率为99.4%、钛的浸出率为99.3%、铬的浸出率为99.1%。
本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述,以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想;同时,对于本领域的一般技术人员,依据本发明的思想,在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处。综上所述,本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims (7)

1.一种从钒渣中共提取钒钛铬的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将钒渣放入高温反应炉内,进行还原反应,得到还原物料;
(2)在还原物料中加入一定量的三氯化铁溶液,然后放入反应釜内,进行除铁反应,待反应结束后过滤、洗涤、烘干得到除铁后的产物;
(3)将除铁后的产物与一定量的草酸溶液混合后放入反应釜内进浸出反应,待反应结束后,过滤、洗涤得到钒钛铬的浸出液和浸出渣;
所述步骤(1)中的反应温度为600-1000℃,反应时间为30-150min;
所述步骤(1)中的还原反应为氢气还原反应、碳还原反应、一氧化碳还原反应中的一种;
所述氢气还原反应中氢气流量为50-300mL/min;碳还原反应中碳的添加量为钒渣的8%-20%;一氧化碳还原反应 中一氧化碳流量为70-400mL/min。
2.根据权利要求1所述从钒渣中共提取钒钛铬的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中的原料为高品位钒渣或低品位钒渣中的一种或两种。
3.根据权利要求1所述从钒渣中共提取钒钛铬的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中钒渣的粒度为100-500目。
4.根据权利要求1所述的从钒渣中共提取钒钛铬的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中三氯化铁水溶液的浓度为200-600g/L,所述三氯化铁溶液与还原物料的液料比为4-10mL/g,所述反应温度为50-90℃,所述反应时间为30-50min,搅拌速度为200-400r/min。
5.根据权利要求4所述从钒渣中共提取钒钛铬的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中三氯化铁水溶液的浓度为400-500g/L,所述三氯化铁溶液与还原物-料的液料比为4-10mL/g,所述反应温度为60-70℃,所述反应时间为30-50min;搅拌速度为350-400r/min。
6.根据权利要求1所述从钒渣中共提取钒钛铬的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中反应釜内的反应温度为40-100℃,草酸浓度为5%-15%,草酸溶液与还原除铁后物料的液料比为4-10mL/g,反应时间为30-120min,反应压力为0-1MPa,搅拌速度为100-500r/min。
7.根据权利要求6所述从钒渣中共提取钒钛铬的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中反应釜内的反应温度为70-80℃,草酸浓度为5%-15%,草酸溶液与还原除铁后物料的液料比为6-8mL/g,反应时间为30-120min,反应压力为0.1-1MPa,搅拌速度为300-350r/min。
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