CN113229409A - Preparation process of paper mulberry silage - Google Patents
Preparation process of paper mulberry silage Download PDFInfo
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- CN113229409A CN113229409A CN202110582843.7A CN202110582843A CN113229409A CN 113229409 A CN113229409 A CN 113229409A CN 202110582843 A CN202110582843 A CN 202110582843A CN 113229409 A CN113229409 A CN 113229409A
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- 239000004460 silage Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 240000006248 Broussonetia kazinoki Species 0.000 title 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 235000010855 food raising agent Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 241000933832 Broussonetia Species 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 108090000526 Papain Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229940055729 papain Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 235000019834 papain Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 240000000249 Morus alba Species 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 235000008708 Morus alba Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 241000705930 Broussonetia papyrifera Species 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 240000006024 Lactobacillus plantarum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000013965 Lactobacillus plantarum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 241000191998 Pediococcus acidilactici Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229940072205 lactobacillus plantarum Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 241000219823 Medicago Species 0.000 claims description 25
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000004465 oilseed meal Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000221960 Neurospora Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000193448 Ruminiclostridium thermocellum Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000057717 Streptococcus lactis Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000014897 Streptococcus lactis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000194020 Streptococcus thermophilus Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940068140 lactobacillus bifidus Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012258 stirred mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000555281 Brevibacillus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 abstract description 7
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 240000004658 Medicago sativa Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000223651 Aureobasidium Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000186660 Lactobacillus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282849 Ruminantia Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021050 feed intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000514 hepatopancreas Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940039696 lactobacillus Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K30/10—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder
- A23K30/15—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging
- A23K30/18—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging using microorganisms or enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/22—Compounds of alkali metals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
- A23V2400/157—Lactis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
- A23V2400/169—Plantarum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/21—Streptococcus, lactococcus
- A23V2400/249—Thermophilus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/41—Pediococcus
- A23V2400/413—Acidilactici
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/51—Bifidobacterium
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
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- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation process of paper mulberry silage, which relates to the technical field of animal feeds and comprises the following raw materials: the feed is prepared from broussonetia papyrifera leaves, corn straws, feed mulberry leaves, pasture, alfalfa, salt, composite mineral substances, potatoes, oilseed dregs, phosphorus powder, sugar, papain, a leavening agent and a composite microecological preparation, and by fermenting the broussonetia papyrifera leaves, the leavening agent and the composite microecological preparation, not only can nutrients in the broussonetia papyrifera leaves and other raw materials be fully released, but also the mixed bacteria are less, the preparation time of the silage can be effectively shortened, the mixing of putrefying bacteria is reduced, the content of pediococcus acidilactici and lactobacillus plantarum which are beneficial to digestion and absorption of animals is large, and toxic substances in the broussonetia papyrifera leaves can be effectively consumed; compared with dry feed, the silage obtained by the invention is soft and juicy, has sweet and sour flavor, effectively enhances the palatability of the feed, and can increase the yield of the silage, and particularly, livestock can eat greenish feed in the hay season.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of animal feed, in particular to a process for preparing paper mulberry silage.
Background
The silage is a kind of feed, is made up by using plant feed containing rich water through the processes of sealing and fermentation, and is mainly used for feeding ruminant. The silage is more storage-resistant than fresh feed, and has more nutrient components than dry feed. In addition, the silage storage occupies less land and has no fire problem. The silage is a coarse fodder obtained by cutting green fodder with water content of 65-75%, and inhibiting propagation of various mixed bacteria under the condition of closed oxygen deficiency by the fermentation effect of anaerobic lactobacillus. The silage is sour and fragrant in smell, soft and juicy, good in palatability, rich in nutrition, beneficial to long-term storage and an excellent feed source for livestock.
Because the number of lactic acid bacteria carried by the plants is limited, the lactic acid fermentation is difficult to rapidly form, the activity time of spoilage bacteria is too long, the PH of the silage is slowly reduced, the nutrition loss of the silage is too large, and even the silage is rotten; meanwhile, the silage is easy to mildew and rot locally in the fermentation process, particularly the silage is seriously rotted at the top, so that a large amount of mildew and spoilage bacteria are propagated, secondary fermentation is easily formed when the silage is opened in a cellar due to the existence of a large amount of mixed bacteria, mildew spots or pieces of mildew newly occur on the feeding section, and thorough mildew and rot can be caused when the condition is not good.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a process for preparing paper mulberry silage, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a paper mulberry silage comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-55 parts of broussonetia papyrifera leaves, 30-40 parts of corn straws, 20-30 parts of feed mulberry leaves, 20-30 parts of pasture, 15-25 parts of alfalfa, 1-3 parts of salt, 3-6 parts of composite mineral substances, 12-16 parts of potatoes, 8-15 parts of oilseed dregs, 0.5-2 parts of phosphorus powder, 5-11 parts of sugar, 1-3 parts of papain, 2-4 parts of a leavening agent and 1-2 parts of a composite microecological preparation.
As a further scheme of the invention: the paper mulberry silage comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 48 parts of broussonetia papyrifera leaves, 35 parts of corn straws, 25 parts of feed mulberry leaves, 25 parts of pasture, 20 parts of alfalfa, 2 parts of salt, 5 parts of composite mineral substances, 14 parts of potatoes, 11 parts of oilseed dregs, 1.5 parts of phosphorus powder, 8 parts of sugar, 2 parts of papain, 3 parts of a leavening agent and 1.5 parts of a composite microecological preparation.
As a further scheme of the invention: the leaven is a mixed strain of lactococcus lactis, streptococcus thermophilus and aureobasidium melitensis.
As a further scheme of the invention: the composite microecological preparation is a mixed bacterium of neurospora, clostridium thermocellum, pediococcus acidilactici, lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus bifidus.
As a further scheme of the invention: the compound mineral substance is a mixture of phosphorus, sodium, copper, iron, silicon, iodine and selenium, and the mixing ratio of the phosphorus, the sodium, the copper, the iron, the silicon, the iodine and the selenium is 1:2:1:3:2:2: 2.
A preparation method of paper mulberry silage comprises the following steps:
1) weighing 40-55 parts of broussonetia papyrifera leaves, 30-40 parts of corn straws, 20-30 parts of feed mulberry leaves, 20-30 parts of pasture, 15-25 parts of alfalfa, 1-3 parts of salt, 3-6 parts of composite mineral substances, 12-16 parts of potatoes, 8-15 parts of oil seed meal, 0.5-2 parts of phosphorus powder, 5-11 parts of sugar, 1-3 parts of papain, 2-4 parts of a leavening agent and 1-2 parts of a composite microecological preparation in sequence according to parts by weight;
2) cleaning and drying the paper mulberry leaves, corn straws, feed mulberry leaves, pasture, alfalfa, potatoes and oil seed meal to the water content of 60-70%, respectively cutting the dried paper mulberry leaves, corn straws, feed mulberry leaves, pasture, alfalfa, potatoes and oil seed meal into 1-2cm fragments, mixing and stirring the cut raw materials to obtain a mixture;
3) adding salt, compound mineral substances, phosphorus powder and sugar into the mixture prepared in the step 3), and stirring again to obtain a mixture;
4) mixing and stirring papain, a leavening agent and a composite microecological preparation, adding 15-20 times of water, and mixing and stirring the water, the papain, the leavening agent and the composite microecological preparation to obtain diluted bacteria liquid;
5) adding the diluted bacterial liquid prepared in the step 4) into the mixture prepared in the step 3), mixing and stirring the diluted bacterial liquid and the mixture, compacting the stirred mixture, sealing the compacted mixture by using a plastic sealing film, and then placing the mixture in a container for fermentation for 35-55 days to obtain the paper mulberry silage.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the rotation speed of the mixing stirrer in the step 2) is 200-300r/min, the rotation speed of the mixing stirrer in the step 3) is 300-400r/min, the rotation speed of the mixing stirrer in the step 4) is 100-200r/min, and the rotation speed of the mixing stirrer in the step 5) is 200-300 r/min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) according to the invention, by adopting papain, a leavening agent and a composite microecological preparation for fermentation, not only can nutrients in broussonetia papyrifera leaves and other raw materials be fully released, but also less mixed bacteria can be ensured, the manufacturing time of silage can be effectively shortened, the mixing of putrefying bacteria is reduced, the content of pediococcus acidilactici and lactobacillus plantarum which are beneficial to digestion and absorption of animals is high, and toxic substances in the broussonetia papyrifera leaves can be effectively consumed;
2) compared with dry feed, the silage obtained by the invention is soft and juicy, has sweet and sour flavor, effectively enhances the palatability of the feed, and can increase the feed intake naturally because livestock can eat green feed especially in the hay season; meanwhile, the secretion of digestive glands of the livestock is promoted, and the digestion of other feeds in the daily ration of the livestock is improved;
3) the invention has simple and convenient manufacture, and the manufacture of the silage is not influenced by seasons and weather; the manufacturing process is simple, and the investment labor is less; compared with the preservation of hay, the silage prepared by the method has small floor area and is easy to preserve.
Detailed Description
According to the invention, by adopting papain, a leavening agent and a composite microecological preparation for fermentation, not only can nutrients in broussonetia papyrifera leaves and other raw materials be fully released, but also less mixed bacteria can be ensured, the manufacturing time of silage can be effectively shortened, the mixing of putrefying bacteria is reduced, the content of pediococcus acidilactici and lactobacillus plantarum which are beneficial to digestion and absorption of animals is high, and toxic substances in the broussonetia papyrifera leaves can be effectively consumed; compared with dry feed, the silage obtained by the invention is soft and juicy, has sweet and sour flavor, effectively enhances the palatability of the feed, and can increase the yield of the silage, and particularly, livestock can eat greenish feed in the hay season.
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
Weighing 40 parts of broussonetia papyrifera leaves, 30 parts of corn straws, 20 parts of feed mulberry leaves, 20 parts of pasture, 15 parts of alfalfa, 1 part of salt, 3 parts of composite mineral substances, 12 parts of potatoes, 8 parts of oilseed dregs, 0.5 part of phosphorus powder, 5 parts of sugar, 1 part of papain, 2 parts of a leavening agent and 1 part of a composite microecological preparation in sequence according to the parts by weight, wherein the leavening agent is a mixed bacterium of lactococcus lactis, streptococcus thermophilus and brevibacillus melissinus, the composite microecological preparation is a mixed bacterium of neurospora pulcherrima, clostridium thermocellum, pediococcus acidilactici, lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus bifidus, the composite mineral substances are a mixture of phosphorus, sodium, copper, iron, silicon, iodine and selenium, and the mixing ratio of the phosphorus, the sodium, the copper, the iron, the silicon, the iodine and the selenium is 1:2:1:3:2: 2; cleaning and drying the paper mulberry leaves, corn straws, forage mulberry leaves, pasture, alfalfa, potatoes and oil seed meal to the moisture content of 60%, respectively cutting the dried paper mulberry leaves, corn straws, forage mulberry leaves, pasture, alfalfa, potatoes and oil seed meal into 1-2cm fragments, mixing and stirring the cut raw materials to obtain a mixture, wherein the rotation speed of a mixing stirrer is 200 r/min; adding salt, compound mineral, phosphorus powder and sugar into the obtained mixture, and stirring again to obtain a mixture; mixing and stirring papain, a leavening agent and a composite microecological preparation, adding 15 times of water, mixing and stirring the water, the papain, the leavening agent and the composite microecological preparation to obtain diluted bacteria liquid, wherein the stirring speed of a mixing stirrer is 300 r/min; adding the prepared diluted bacterial liquid into the prepared mixture, mixing and stirring the diluted bacterial liquid and the mixture at the rotating speed of a mixing stirrer of 200r/min, compacting the stirred mixture, sealing the compacted mixture by using a plastic sealing film, and then placing the compacted mixture into a container for fermentation for 35 days to obtain the paper mulberry silage.
Example 2
Weighing 42 parts of broussonetia papyrifera leaves, 32 parts of corn straws, 22 parts of feed mulberry leaves, 22 parts of pasture, 17 parts of alfalfa, 2 parts of salt, 4 parts of composite mineral substances, 13 parts of potatoes, 9 parts of oilseed dregs, 0.7 part of phosphorus powder, 6 parts of sugar, 2 parts of papain, 3 parts of a leavening agent and 1.5 parts of a composite microecological preparation in sequence according to the parts by weight, wherein the leavening agent is a mixed bacterium of lactococcus lactis, streptococcus thermophilus and brevibacillus melissimus, the composite microecological preparation is a mixed bacterium of neurospora prolificans, clostridium thermocellum, pediococcus acidilactici, lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus bifidus, the composite mineral substances are a mixture of phosphorus, sodium, copper, iron, silicon, iodine and selenium, and the mixing ratio of the phosphorus, the sodium, the copper, the silicon, the iodine and the selenium is 1:2:1:3:2: 2; cleaning and drying the paper mulberry leaves, corn straws, forage mulberry leaves, pasture, alfalfa, potatoes and oil seed meal to the moisture content of 65%, respectively cutting the dried paper mulberry leaves, corn straws, forage mulberry leaves, pasture, alfalfa, potatoes and oil seed meal into 1-2cm fragments, mixing and stirring the cut raw materials to obtain a mixture, wherein the rotation speed of a mixing stirrer is 250 r/min; adding salt, compound mineral, phosphorus powder and sugar into the obtained mixture, and stirring again to obtain a mixture; mixing and stirring papain, a leavening agent and a composite microecological preparation, adding 16 times of water, mixing and stirring the water, the papain, the leavening agent and the composite microecological preparation to obtain diluted bacteria liquid, wherein the stirring speed of a mixing stirrer is 350 r/min; adding the prepared diluted bacterial liquid into the prepared mixture, mixing and stirring the diluted bacterial liquid and the mixture at the rotating speed of 250r/min, compacting the stirred mixture, sealing the compacted mixture by using a plastic sealing film, and then placing the compacted mixture into a container for fermentation for 35 days to obtain the paper mulberry silage.
Example 3
Weighing 44 parts of broussonetia papyrifera leaves, 34 parts of corn straws, 24 parts of feed mulberry leaves, 24 parts of pasture, 19 parts of alfalfa, 3 parts of salt, 5 parts of composite mineral substances, 14 parts of potatoes, 10 parts of oilseed dregs, 0.9 part of phosphorus powder, 7 parts of sugar, 3 parts of papain, 4 parts of a leavening agent and 1.8 parts of a composite microecological preparation in sequence according to the parts by weight, wherein the leavening agent is a mixed bacterium of lactococcus lactis, streptococcus thermophilus and brevibacillus melissimus, the composite microecological preparation is a mixed bacterium of neurospora prolificans, clostridium thermocellum, pediococcus acidilactici, lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus bifidus, the composite mineral substances are a mixture of phosphorus, sodium, copper, iron, silicon, iodine and selenium, and the mixing ratio of the phosphorus, the sodium, the copper, the silicon, the iodine and the selenium is 1:2:1:3:2: 2; cleaning and drying the paper mulberry leaves, corn straws, forage mulberry leaves, pasture, alfalfa, potatoes and oil seed meal to the water content of 70%, respectively cutting the dried paper mulberry leaves, corn straws, forage mulberry leaves, pasture, alfalfa, potatoes and oil seed meal into 1-2cm fragments, mixing and stirring the cut raw materials to obtain a mixture, wherein the rotation speed of a mixing stirrer is 300 r/min; adding salt, compound mineral, phosphorus powder and sugar into the obtained mixture, and stirring again to obtain a mixture; mixing and stirring papain, a leavening agent and a composite microecological preparation, adding 17 times of water, mixing and stirring the water, the papain, the leavening agent and the composite microecological preparation to obtain diluted bacteria liquid, wherein the stirring speed of a mixing stirrer is 400 r/min; adding the prepared diluted bacterial liquid into the prepared mixture, mixing and stirring the diluted bacterial liquid and the mixture at the rotating speed of 300r/min, compacting the stirred mixture, sealing the compacted mixture by using a plastic sealing film, and then placing the compacted mixture into a container for fermentation for 40 days to obtain the paper mulberry silage.
Example 4
Weighing 48 parts of broussonetia papyrifera leaves, 36 parts of corn straws, 26 parts of feed mulberry leaves, 26 parts of pasture, 21 parts of alfalfa, 2 parts of salt, 6 parts of composite mineral substances, 15 parts of potatoes, 12 parts of oilseed dregs, 1.2 parts of phosphorus powder, 9 parts of sugar, 2 parts of papain, 3 parts of a leavening agent and 2 parts of a composite microecological preparation in sequence according to the parts by weight, wherein the leavening agent is a mixed bacterium of lactococcus lactis, streptococcus thermophilus and brevibacillus melissinus, the composite microecological preparation is a mixed bacterium of neurospora pulcherrima, clostridium thermocellum, pediococcus acidilactici, lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus bifidus, the composite mineral substances are a mixture of phosphorus, sodium, copper, iron, silicon, iodine and selenium, and the mixing ratio of the phosphorus, the sodium, the copper, the iron, the silicon, the iodine and the selenium is 1:2: 3:2: 2; cleaning and drying the paper mulberry leaves, corn straws, forage mulberry leaves, pasture, alfalfa, potatoes and oil seed meal to the moisture content of 60%, respectively cutting the dried paper mulberry leaves, corn straws, forage mulberry leaves, pasture, alfalfa, potatoes and oil seed meal into 1-2cm fragments, mixing and stirring the cut raw materials to obtain a mixture, wherein the rotating speed of a mixing stirrer is 250 r/min; adding salt, compound mineral, phosphorus powder and sugar into the obtained mixture, and stirring again to obtain a mixture; mixing and stirring papain, a leavening agent and a composite microecological preparation, adding 18 times of water, mixing and stirring the water, the papain, the leavening agent and the composite microecological preparation to obtain diluted bacteria liquid, wherein the stirring speed of a mixing stirrer is 350 r/min; adding the prepared diluted bacterial liquid into the prepared mixture, mixing and stirring the diluted bacterial liquid and the mixture at the rotating speed of 250r/min, compacting the stirred mixture, sealing the compacted mixture by using a plastic sealing film, and then placing the compacted mixture into a container for fermentation for 45 days to obtain the paper mulberry silage.
Example 5
Weighing 55 parts of broussonetia papyrifera leaves, 40 parts of corn straws, 40 parts of feed mulberry leaves, 30 parts of pasture, 25 parts of alfalfa, 3 parts of salt, 6 parts of composite mineral substances, 16 parts of potatoes, 15 parts of oilseed dregs, 2 parts of phosphorus powder, 11 parts of sugar, 3 parts of papain, 4 parts of a leavening agent and 2 parts of a composite microecological preparation in sequence according to the parts by weight, wherein the leavening agent is a mixed bacterium of lactococcus lactis, streptococcus thermophilus and aureobasidium meissypium, the composite microecological preparation is a mixed bacterium of neurospora parvus, clostridium thermocellum, pediococcus acidilactici, lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus bifidus, the composite mineral substances are a mixture of phosphorus, sodium, copper, iron, silicon, iodine and selenium, and the mixing ratio of the phosphorus, the sodium, the copper, the iron, the silicon, the iodine and the selenium is 1:2:1:3:2: 2; cleaning and drying the paper mulberry leaves, corn straws, forage mulberry leaves, pasture, alfalfa, potatoes and oil seed meal to the water content of 70%, respectively cutting the dried paper mulberry leaves, corn straws, forage mulberry leaves, pasture, alfalfa, potatoes and oil seed meal into 1-2cm fragments, mixing and stirring the cut raw materials to obtain a mixture, wherein the rotation speed of a mixing stirrer is 300 r/min; adding salt, compound mineral, phosphorus powder and sugar into the obtained mixture, and stirring again to obtain a mixture; mixing and stirring papain, a leavening agent and a composite microecological preparation, adding 20 times of water, mixing and stirring the water, the papain, the leavening agent and the composite microecological preparation to obtain diluted bacteria liquid, wherein the stirring speed of a mixing stirrer is 400 r/min; adding the prepared diluted bacterial liquid into the prepared mixture, mixing and stirring the diluted bacterial liquid and the mixture at the rotating speed of 300r/min, compacting the stirred mixture, sealing the compacted mixture by using a plastic sealing film, and then placing the compacted mixture into a container for fermentation for 55 days to obtain the paper mulberry silage.
According to the invention, by adopting papain, a leavening agent and a composite microecological preparation for fermentation, not only can nutrients in broussonetia papyrifera leaves and other raw materials be fully released, but also less mixed bacteria can be ensured, the manufacturing time of silage can be effectively shortened, the mixing of putrefying bacteria is reduced, the content of pediococcus acidilactici and lactobacillus plantarum which are beneficial to digestion and absorption of animals is high, and toxic substances in the broussonetia papyrifera leaves can be effectively consumed; compared with dry feed, the silage obtained by the invention is soft and juicy, has sweet and sour flavor, effectively enhances the palatability of the feed, and can increase the yield of the silage, and particularly, livestock can eat greenish feed in the hay season.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Claims (7)
1. The paper mulberry silage is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-55 parts of broussonetia papyrifera leaves, 30-40 parts of corn straws, 20-30 parts of feed mulberry leaves, 20-30 parts of pasture, 15-25 parts of alfalfa, 1-3 parts of salt, 3-6 parts of composite mineral substances, 12-16 parts of potatoes, 8-15 parts of oilseed dregs, 0.5-2 parts of phosphorus powder, 5-11 parts of sugar, 1-3 parts of papain, 2-4 parts of a leavening agent and 1-2 parts of a composite microecological preparation.
2. The paper mulberry silage according to claim 1, wherein the paper mulberry silage consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 48 parts of broussonetia papyrifera leaves, 35 parts of corn straws, 25 parts of feed mulberry leaves, 25 parts of pasture, 20 parts of alfalfa, 2 parts of salt, 5 parts of composite mineral substances, 14 parts of potatoes, 11 parts of oilseed dregs, 1.5 parts of phosphorus powder, 8 parts of sugar, 2 parts of papain, 3 parts of a leavening agent and 1.5 parts of a composite microecological preparation.
3. The broussonetia papyrifera silage according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the leavening agent is a mixture of lactococcus lactis, streptococcus thermophilus and brevibacillus merrimosus.
4. The paper mulberry silage according to claim 3, wherein the complex micro-ecological preparation is a mixed bacterium of Neurospora eutropha, Clostridium thermocellum, Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus bifidus.
5. The paper mulberry silage according to claim 4, wherein the compound mineral is a mixture of phosphorus, sodium, copper, iron, silicon, iodine and selenium, and the mixing ratio of phosphorus, sodium, copper, iron, silicon, iodine and selenium is 1:2:1:3:2:2: 2.
6. A method for preparing broussonetia papyrifera silage as claimed in any one of claims 1-5, comprising the steps of:
1) weighing 40-55 parts of broussonetia papyrifera leaves, 30-40 parts of corn straws, 20-30 parts of feed mulberry leaves, 20-30 parts of pasture, 15-25 parts of alfalfa, 1-3 parts of salt, 3-6 parts of composite mineral substances, 12-16 parts of potatoes, 8-15 parts of oil seed meal, 0.5-2 parts of phosphorus powder, 5-11 parts of sugar, 1-3 parts of papain, 2-4 parts of a leavening agent and 1-2 parts of a composite microecological preparation in sequence according to parts by weight;
2) cleaning and drying the paper mulberry leaves, corn straws, feed mulberry leaves, pasture, alfalfa, potatoes and oil seed meal to the water content of 60-70%, respectively cutting the dried paper mulberry leaves, corn straws, feed mulberry leaves, pasture, alfalfa, potatoes and oil seed meal into 1-2cm fragments, mixing and stirring the cut raw materials to obtain a mixture;
3) adding salt, compound mineral substances, phosphorus powder and sugar into the mixture prepared in the step 3), and stirring again to obtain a mixture;
4) mixing and stirring papain, a leavening agent and a composite microecological preparation, adding 15-20 times of water, and mixing and stirring the water, the papain, the leavening agent and the composite microecological preparation to obtain diluted bacteria liquid;
5) adding the diluted bacterial liquid prepared in the step 4) into the mixture prepared in the step 3), mixing and stirring the diluted bacterial liquid and the mixture, compacting the stirred mixture, sealing the compacted mixture by using a plastic sealing film, and then placing the mixture in a container for fermentation for 35-55 days to obtain the paper mulberry silage.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the rotation speed of the mixing blender in step 2) is 200-300r/min, the rotation speed of the mixing blender in step 3) is 300-400r/min, the rotation speed of the mixing blender in step 4) is 100-200r/min, and the rotation speed of the mixing blender in step 5) is 200-300 r/min.
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| CN115353993A (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-11-18 | 黄淮学院 | Microbial straw degradation microbial inoculum and preparation method thereof |
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