CN113226052A - 获得浓缩风味混合物的方法及其用途 - Google Patents

获得浓缩风味混合物的方法及其用途 Download PDF

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CN113226052A
CN113226052A CN201980085517.6A CN201980085517A CN113226052A CN 113226052 A CN113226052 A CN 113226052A CN 201980085517 A CN201980085517 A CN 201980085517A CN 113226052 A CN113226052 A CN 113226052A
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米格尔·蒙桑图
若昂·安德烈
皮埃尔·亚当
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Anheuser Busch InBev SA
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Abstract

用于从麦芽基饮料获得浓缩风味混合物的方法,所述方法包括:‑提供麦芽基发酵液体;‑使所述麦芽基发酵液体经历CO2或N2汽提步骤,或使所述麦芽基液体至少部分地脱气,由此产生包含挥发性风味组分的气流;‑收集包含挥发性风味组分的气流;和‑通过二氧化碳或N2涤气器从所述挥发性风味组分中至少部分地分离气流中的CO2或N2,获得浓缩的挥发性风味馏分;‑收集所述挥发性风味馏分并包装所述挥发性风味馏分。

Description

获得浓缩风味混合物的方法及其用途
技术领域
本发明涉及从麦芽基饮料获得浓缩风味混合物的方法,该方法包括:
-提供麦芽基饮料;
-使所述麦芽基饮料经历CO2或N2汽提步骤,或使所述麦芽基饮料至少部分地脱气,由此产生包含挥发性风味组分的气流;
-收集包含挥发性风味组分的气流;和
-通过二氧化碳或N2涤气器从所述挥发性风味组分中至少部分地分离气流中的CO2或N2,获得浓缩的挥发性风味馏分;
-收集所述挥发性风味馏分,并将所述挥发性风味馏分包装为食品成分,优选饮料成分。
背景技术
饮料浓缩物,特别是发酵饮料的浓缩物,由于易于运输、易于个性化以及在消费者的场所需要非常有限的存储场所,而越来越受到市场的关注。
同样对于工业来说,通过选择性地主要除去水来浓缩饮料提供了在降低运输成本、延长产品的保质期、减少包装材料以及在浓缩物涉及碳酸饮料的情况下更重要的是降低耐压包装要求方面的机会。
与大多数主要是通过将香味剂、甜味剂和着色剂溶解在水中而产生的软饮料不同,发酵饮料含有大量不同的组分,部分组分不明确,在某些情况下浓度很低且难以测量。
这种发酵饮料的浓缩已经被证明是极其困难的,特别是当一个目的是匹配产生浓缩物的原饮料的味道时。因此,认为原因是在浓缩过程中组分的损失和部分分解。由于原始组成并非完全明确,重新添加组分以补偿特定组分的损失不是一个容易的任务,如果不是不可能的任务的话。此外,分解组分的反应产物不能容易地从浓缩物中去除,如果可能完全去除的话。因此,不仅复原的浓缩物的组成相对于原始饮料有变化,而且几种组分相对于彼此的比例也有变化并且可能影响复原饮料的感官特性。
从上面可以清楚地看出,仍然存在如下市场需求:需要一种用于浓缩发酵饮料,特别是碳酸化发酵饮料(例如啤酒)的方法,以及用于获得在风味含量方面具有高复杂程度的食品成分的方法,该方法可用于根据由这种浓缩物复原的啤酒的期望感官特性来微调饮料浓缩物的组成。
发明内容
本发明通过提供一种从麦芽基饮料获得浓缩风味混合物的方法来满足上述市场需求,该方法包括:
-提供麦芽基发酵液体;
-使所述麦芽基发酵液体经历CO2或N2汽提步骤,或使所述麦芽基液体至少部分地脱气,由此产生包含挥发性风味组分的气流;
-收集包含挥发性风味组分的气流;和
-通过二氧化碳或N2涤气器从所述挥发性风味组分中至少部分地分离气流中的CO2或N2,获得浓缩的挥发性风味馏分;
-收集所述挥发性风味馏分并包装所述挥发性风味馏分。
所提供的用于本发明方法的麦芽基发酵液体可以是以下任一种:麦芽基发酵饮料或麦芽基发酵饮料浓缩物或在麦芽基发酵饮料浓缩期间获得的麦芽基发酵饮料的馏分。
在浓缩期间获得的麦芽基饮料的馏分可以是以麦芽基饮料作为进料的选择性吸附步骤的渗透物或对麦芽基饮料或麦芽基饮料衍生物进行的膜浓缩步骤的渗透物或渗余物,或者其中在浓缩期间获得的麦芽基饮料的馏分是在蒸馏塔顶部从对麦芽基饮料或麦芽基饮料衍生物进行的蒸馏步骤收集的馏出物。
优选通过选择性地从液体中除去水来对汽提的或脱气的麦芽基发酵液体进行浓缩过程,从而允许获得可在消费点处包装和复原的麦芽基饮料浓缩物。
本发明还涉及根据本发明的方法收集的挥发性风味馏分作为食品成分,优选饮料成分的用途。该用途优选包括将挥发性风味馏分添加到饮料浓缩物中以用于随后稀释到消耗饮料中。
具体实施方式
在麦芽基发酵饮料和特别是啤酒的浓缩期间,主要重点是尽可能多地保留饮料组分进入浓缩物,而排除水和二氧化碳。
浓缩过程可以包含一个或多个浓缩步骤,通常包括基于膜的浓缩步骤,例如纳米过滤、反渗透、正渗透或超滤和/或浓缩步骤,例如冷冻浓缩。
在这种基于膜的浓缩步骤中,获得渗余物和渗透物,其中所述渗余物将包含大部分不可过滤的化合物(提取物),如果不是所有不可过滤的化合物(提取物),而大部分水、醇和挥发性风味组分将最终在渗透物中。
随后可通过例如冷冻浓缩来浓缩渗透物,以便从渗透物溶液中除去水并获得浓缩的挥发性风味组分的馏分,将其重新添加到渗余物馏分以限制最终饮料浓缩物中组分的损失。
本发明在浓缩过程中采用完全不同的方法,并旨在收集浓缩的挥发性风味馏分,其随后可用作对饮料浓缩物进行微调以改善由此制备的饮料的感官特性的成分。因此,浓缩的挥发性风味馏分不必添加到在相同浓缩过程中获得的提取物浓缩物中,而是可以添加到任何类型的提取物浓缩物中,甚至可以添加到作为食品成分的常规饮料中。因此,本发明涉及从麦芽基饮料获得浓缩风味混合物的方法,该方法包括:
-提供麦芽基发酵液体;
-使所述麦芽基发酵液体经历CO2或N2汽提步骤,或使所述麦芽基液体至少部分地脱气,由此产生包含挥发性风味组分的气流;
-收集包含挥发性风味组分的气流;和
-通过二氧化碳或N2涤气器从所述挥发性风味组分中至少部分地分离气流中的CO2或N2,获得浓缩的挥发性风味馏分;
-收集所述挥发性风味馏分并包装所述挥发性风味馏分。
图1示出了啤酒浓缩过程的示例,其中通过将啤酒存储在密封容器中并且在啤酒水平线之上(即容器的顶部空间中)在容器中创建部分真空,来首先将进料啤酒1至少优选进行脱碳2。因此,二氧化碳或氮气与许多挥发性风味组分一起从啤酒中迁移到容器的顶部空间,所有这些挥发性风味组分聚集在顶部空间中,并且可以作为气流从容器中移出,并送入二氧化碳或N2涤气器2'以从挥发性风味组分中分离气流中的CO2和N2,获得浓缩的挥发性风味馏分2”。
二氧化碳或N2涤气器定义为二氧化碳和/或N2吸收器,其包含CO2或N2吸收材料,例如苏打石灰、单乙醇胺、甲基二乙醇胺或物理二氧化碳吸收器,例如
Figure BDA0003127591770000051
Figure BDA0003127591770000052
另外,为了从啤酒中除去甚至更多的挥发性风味组分,可以产生穿过容器中的啤酒的强制气流3,例如使气体穿过啤酒,并收集在容器的顶部空间中的气体和汽提的挥发性风味组分,然后将气流转移到CO2或N2涤气器。通过以下方式可实现一种替代的脱碳方法:将汽提的气相引导通过对饮料中的风味组分具有高亲和力的吸附柱,随后可洗脱并任选地浓缩这些风味组分以获得浓缩的挥发性风味馏分。理想情况下,啤酒的脱碳进行至如下程度:其中液体中的二氧化碳含量等于或小于2.5g/L,优选等于或小于1g/L。
剩余在容器中的脱碳和任选的汽提的啤酒可随后进料到吸附单元4,该吸附单元4包括柱,该柱填充有大孔材料,优选疏水性材料,最优选聚(对亚苯基)基材料,例如
Figure BDA0003127591770000053
FPX66、
Figure BDA0003127591770000054
XAD7HP或
Figure BDA0003127591770000055
XAD761或PVPP或PA或前述组合。该柱将吸附发酵饮料中存在的大部分多酚和蛋白质,而聚碳酸酯如糖、水溶性组分、挥发性风味组分和乙醇将通过填充柱并可作为渗透物被收集。
与在将啤酒供给到吸附单元之前的脱碳无关,可以在汽提罐中用气体汽提来自吸附单元的渗透物,例如通过使气体穿过渗透物并在罐的顶部空间中收集气体和汽提的挥发性风味组分,然后将气流转移到CO2或N2涤气器中,由此获得浓缩的挥发性风味馏分。
该汽提的渗透物随后可进料至已知的啤酒或苹果酒浓缩过程,例如冷冻浓缩,或如图1所示,膜过滤步骤5,例如反渗透、纳滤、超滤或正渗透、或如前所述的多步骤浓缩方法,多步骤浓缩方法包括膜浓缩步骤,接着是涉及膜过滤、分馏(例如蒸馏)或冷冻浓缩的第二浓缩步骤。同样与饮料或饮料衍生物(即在浓缩过程中获得的饮料馏分)的前面的脱气或汽提无关,来自膜过滤的渗余物7和渗透物8馏分可以在汽提罐中用气体汽提,例如通过使气体穿过渗透物并收集罐的顶部空间中的气体和汽提的挥发性风味组分,然后将气流转移到CO2或N2涤气器,从而获得浓缩的挥发性风味馏分。
最终从膜过滤中剥离的渗余物7可通过干燥过程9进一步浓缩以获得固体馏分或浓缩提取馏分10。适用的干燥方法的实例为真空蒸发、降膜干燥、膜蒸馏、正渗透、蒸汽蒸发(优选三效或多效蒸发)、冷冻干燥、喷雾干燥、冻干或这些技术中的一种或多种的组合。
显然,所使用的干燥方法优选地是对渗余物具有相对低的加热要求以使浓缩组分的热分解或热反应(例如美拉德)最小化的干燥方法。
干燥后,固体馏分10优选被包装用于运输和商品化。根据本发明的优选实施方案,将固体部分装入器具或胶囊16中,每个器具或胶囊16含有一定量的固体馏分,允许通过将固体馏分与诸如水、碳酸水或另一种水性基液体的稀释剂混合以使啤酒复原来准备恰好一份啤酒或苹果酒,其中一份为20厘升、25厘升、1品脱、40厘升或50厘升。
膜过滤的渗透物馏分8主要包括水、醇和挥发性风味组分(如果没有汽提的话),优选供给分馏单元6,例如蒸馏单元,以通过除去水来浓缩乙醇和挥发性风味组分。同样与在将饮料衍生物进料到蒸馏单元之前的脱碳无关,在蒸馏塔顶部收集的浓缩乙醇和挥发性风味馏分11可在汽提罐中用气体汽提,例如通过使气体穿过渗透物并在罐的顶部空间中收集气体和汽提的挥发性风味组分,然后将气流转移到CO2或N2涤气器中,从而得到浓缩的挥发性风味馏分。
根据本发明,在浓缩过程中获得的一种或多种浓缩的挥发性风味馏分2"可以单独包装或作为运输和商品化的混合物包装。根据本发明的优选实施方案,至少部分的浓缩的挥发性风味物被包装在器具或胶囊12中,每个器具或胶囊12含有一定量的固体馏分,通过将该挥发性风味浓缩馏分与单一份量的固体和稀释剂(例如水、碳酸水或另一种水性基液)混合以复原啤酒来准备恰好一份的啤酒或苹果酒,其中一份为20厘升、25厘升、1品脱、40厘升或50厘升。可选地,浓缩的挥发性风味馏分可包装用作其它用途的食品成分。
现在转向吸附柱的渗余物,主要含有多酚。吸附后,可通过在柱上加入乙醇/水混合物来洗脱多酚。对于70%乙醇/30%水的混合物,预计多酚回收率在60%-75%之间,由此洗脱液中多酚的浓度可为浓缩至少1.5倍,理想情况下为5倍,以及高达20倍(与进料中的ppm浓度相比)。洗脱液中的多酚可随后通过膜过滤13或其它非热干燥工艺(例如冷冻干燥、真空蒸发、喷雾干燥或其组合)进一步浓缩或干燥,并且至少部分的浓缩多酚馏分可包装在器具或胶囊中,所述器具或胶囊各自含有一定量的浓缩多酚,允许通过将浓缩多酚与单一份量的固体混合来复原啤酒,从而准备恰好一份啤酒或苹果酒,最终单一份量的上述乙醇/挥发性风味馏分和稀释剂(例如水、碳酸水或另一种水性基液),一份为20厘升、25厘升、1品脱、40厘升或50厘升。可选地,浓缩多酚馏分14可在包装15之前与固体馏分(以及浓缩挥发性风味馏分的最终部分)混合。根据又一替代方案,浓缩或干燥的多酚馏分可用作食品成分,优选用作饮料工业的食品成分,该食品成分其选自粉末、糊剂或液体,包含200ppm的最低浓度的多酚。
用于从吸附柱洗脱多酚的乙醇可以是原始乙醇溶液,或者可以从较早的生产循环中洗脱的多酚的浓缩中至少部分回收,由此收集在多酚浓缩期间蒸发的乙醇并用水稀释以获得期望的乙醇/水溶液。或者,也可以从对多酚吸附步骤的渗透物的膜过滤的渗透物进行的蒸馏来回收乙醇。
用作根据本发明的方法的进料的饮料优选为发酵饮料,更具体地为麦芽基发酵饮料,例如啤酒或高风味发酵饮料,其中高风味在此定义为包含超过10ppm、优选超过20ppm、最优选超过30ppm的酯总量的发酵液体,酯为:乙酸异戊酯、乙酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯、己酸乙酯、戊醇。
通过根据本发明的方法收集的挥发性风味馏分特别可用作以下物质的成分:低酒精啤酒或啤酒类饮料(小于1.2%ABV,优选小于0.5%ABV),或非酒精性啤酒或啤酒类饮料(小于0.05%ABV),或低酒精或非酒精啤酒或啤酒类饮料的啤酒浓缩物。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于从麦芽基饮料获得浓缩风味混合物的方法,所述方法包括:
-提供麦芽基发酵液体;
-使所述麦芽基发酵液体经历CO2或N2汽提步骤,或使所述麦芽基液体至少部分地脱气,由此产生包含挥发性风味组分的气流;
-收集包含挥发性风味组分的气流;和
-通过二氧化碳或N2涤气器从所述挥发性风味组分中至少部分地分离气流中的CO2或N2,获得浓缩的挥发性风味馏分;
-收集所述挥发性风味馏分并包装所述挥发性风味馏分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,所述麦芽基发酵液体包含以下之一:麦芽基发酵饮料或麦芽基发酵饮料浓缩物或在麦芽基发酵饮料浓缩期间获得的麦芽基发酵饮料的馏分。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,在浓缩期间获得的所述麦芽基饮料的馏分是以麦芽基饮料作为进料的选择性吸附步骤的渗透物。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,在浓缩期间获得的麦芽基饮料的馏分是对麦芽基饮料或麦芽基饮料衍生物进行的膜浓缩步骤的渗透物。
5.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,在浓缩期间获得的麦芽基饮料的馏分是在蒸馏塔顶部从对麦芽基饮料或麦芽基饮料衍生物进行的蒸馏步骤收集的馏出物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,包括通过选择性地从液体中除去水来使汽提或脱气的麦芽基发酵液体经历浓缩过程。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法收集的挥发性风味馏分作为食品成分,优选饮料成分的用途。
8.根据权利要求7所述的用途,包括将所述挥发性风味馏分添加到饮料浓缩物中,该饮料浓缩物用于随后稀释到消耗饮料中。
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