CN113214350B - 金钱松三萜内酯及其制法、药物组合物与用途 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了金钱松三萜内酯及其制法、药物组合物与用途,属于医药技术领域,具体涉及从金钱松(Pseudolarix amabilis(Nelson)Rehd)中分离得到的抗炎有效成分,包括两个新的三萜类化合物(1‑2)和四个已知三萜类化合物(3‑6),其药效学上可接受的盐,及其制备方法,含有这类化合物的组合物,以及这类化合物在制备抗炎药物中的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域,涉及金钱松三萜内酯类化合物(1-6),其中包括新化合物(1-2)和已知化合物(3-6),其药效学上可接受的盐,其制备方法,含有这类化合物的药物组合物,以及这类化合物在制备预防、缓解和/或治疗炎症药物中的用途。
背景技术
天然产物一直是抗炎药物的重要来源,从天然产物中寻找抗炎成分是新药开发的重要途径。市场上常用的非甾体抗炎药物阿司匹林就是来源于天然产物。金钱松为松科金钱松属特有种,也是我国特有种,在海拔100~1500米地带散生于针叶树、阔叶树林中。根皮和近根树皮为常见中药土槿皮,可祛风除湿,杀虫止痒,主治疥藓,湿疹,神经性皮炎。中国(Chen GF,Li ZL,Pan DJ.The isolation and structural elucidation of four noveltriterpene lactones,peudolarolides A,B,C,and D,from Pseudolarix kaempferi.JNat Prod,1993,56,1114-1122.)的研究者曾对该植物进行过化学成分的研究,并先后分离并鉴定了peudolarolides A-D的结构,但是其抗炎的活性从未被发现。
具有血管系统的活体组织对损伤因子的防御性反应称为炎症。炎症是十分常见而又重要的基本病理过程,体表的外伤感染和各器官的大部分常见病和多发病(如疖、痈、肺炎、肝炎、肾炎等)都属于炎症性疾病。特别的,溃疡性结肠炎是一种病因尚不十分明确的慢性非特异性炎性肠病。病变主要累及乙状结肠、直肠的黏膜和黏膜下层。临床表现主要为腹泻、黏液脓血便、腹痛等症状。对于中、重度溃疡性结肠炎患者常联合应用糖皮质激素控制症状,后以氨基酸水杨酸类维持缓解治疗。但长期使用后一旦停药或减量后,很快出现症状反复甚至加重。所以针对此种疾病的药物研发十分具有意义。
发明内容
本发明的要解决的技术问题是提供金钱松三萜内酯类化合物(1-6),其中包括新化合物(1-2)和已知化合物(3-6),其药效学上可接受的盐,其制备方法,含有这类化合物的药物组合物,以及这类化合物在制备预防、缓解和/或治疗炎症药物中的用途。
为解决本发明的技术问题,本发明提供如下技术方案
本发明技术方案的第一方面提供了式1所示的化合物1-2或其药学上可接受的盐,
本发明技术方案的第二方面是提供了一种药物组合物,其特征在于,含有有效剂量的第一方面所述的任一化合物或其药效学上可接受的盐,以及药效学上可接受的载体。所述的药物组合物选自颗粒剂、胶囊剂、片剂、口服液、丸剂、混悬剂、滴丸剂、微丸剂、口含片、口崩片、胶丸、软胶囊、分散片、溶液剂、气雾剂或喷雾剂。所述的药物组合物选自缓释制剂、控释制剂、微粒给药系统。该药物组合物可根据本领域公知的方法制备。用于此目的时,可通过将本发明化合物与一种或多种药学上可接受的固体或液体赋形剂和/或辅剂结合,制成可作为人药或兽药使用的适当的施用形式或剂量形式。通常本发明药物组合物含有0.1-95重量%的本发明化合物。在单元剂型中本发明化合物一般含量为0.05-1000mg,优选的单元剂型含有0.5-200mg。
本发明化合物或含有它的药物组合物可以单位剂量形式给药,给药途径可为肠道或非肠道,如口服、肌肉、皮下、静脉、鼻腔、口腔粘膜、皮肤、腹膜或直肠等。
本发明化合物或含有它的药物组合物的给药途径可为注射给药。注射包括静脉注射、肌肉注射、皮下注射、皮内注射和穴位注射等。
给药剂型可以是液体剂型、固体剂型。如液体剂型可以是真溶液类、胶体类、微粒剂型、乳剂剂型、混悬剂型等。其他剂型例如片剂、胶囊、滴丸、气雾剂、丸剂、粉剂、溶液剂、混悬剂、乳剂、颗粒剂、栓剂、冻干粉针剂等。
本发明化合物可以制成普通制剂、也可以是缓释制剂、控释制剂、靶向制剂及各种微粒给药系统。
例如为了将单位给药剂型制成片剂,可以广泛使用本领域公知的各种载体。关于载体的例子是,例如稀释剂与吸收剂,如淀粉、糊精、硫酸钙、乳糖、甘露醇、蔗糖、氯化钠、葡萄糖、尿素、碳酸钙、白陶土、微晶纤维素、硅酸铝等;湿润剂与粘合剂,如水、甘油、聚乙二醇、乙醇、丙醇、淀粉浆、糊精、糖浆、蜂蜜、葡萄糖溶液、阿拉伯胶浆、明胶浆、羧甲基纤维素钠、紫胶、甲基纤维素、磷酸钾、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮等;崩解剂,例如干燥淀粉、海藻酸盐、琼脂粉、褐藻淀粉、碳酸氢钠与枸橼酸、碳酸钙、聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯、十二烷基磺酸钠、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素等;崩解抑制剂,例如蔗糖、三硬脂酸甘油酯、可可脂、氢化油等;吸收促进剂,例如季铵盐、十二烷基硫酸钠等;润滑剂,例如滑石粉、二氧化硅、玉米淀粉、硬脂酸盐、硼酸、液体石蜡、聚乙二醇等。还可以将片剂进一步制成包衣片,例如糖包衣片、薄膜包衣片、肠溶包衣片,或双层片和多层片。
例如为了将给药单元制成丸剂,可以广泛使用本领域公知的各种载体。关于载体的例子是,例如稀释剂与吸收剂,如葡萄糖、乳糖、淀粉、可可脂、氢化植物油、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、Gelucire、高岭土、滑石粉等;粘合剂,如阿拉伯胶、黄蓍胶、明胶、乙醇、蜂蜜、液糖、米糊或面糊等;崩解剂,如琼脂粉、干燥淀粉、海藻酸盐、十二烷基磺酸钠、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素等。
例如为了将给药单元制成胶囊,将有效成分本发明化合物与上述的各种载体混合,并将由此得到的混合物置于硬的明胶胶囊或软胶囊中。也可将有效成分本发明化合物制成微囊剂,混悬于水性介质中形成混悬剂,亦可装入硬胶囊中或制成注射剂应用。
例如,将本发明化合物制成注射用制剂,如溶液剂、混悬剂、乳剂、冻干粉针剂,这种制剂可以是含水或非水的,可含一种和/或多种药效学上可接受的载体、稀释剂、粘合剂、润滑剂、防腐剂、表面活性剂或分散剂。如稀释剂可选自水、乙醇、聚乙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、乙氧基化的异硬脂醇、多氧化的异硬脂醇、聚氧乙烯山梨醇脂肪酸酯等。另外,为了制备等渗注射液,可以向注射用制剂中添加适量的氯化钠、葡萄糖或甘油,此外,还可以添加常规的助溶剂、缓释剂、pH调节剂等。这些辅料是本领域常用的。
此外,如需要,也可以向药物制剂中添加着色剂、防腐剂、香料、矫味剂、甜味剂或其它材料。
为达到用药目的,增强治疗效果,本发明的药物或药物组合物可用任何公知的给药方法给药。
本发明化合物药物组合物的给药剂量取决于许多因素,例如所要预防或治疗疾病的性质和严重程度,患者或动物的性别、年龄、体重、性格及个体反应,给药途径、给药次数、治疗目的,因此本发明的治疗剂量可以有大范围的变化。一般来讲,本发明中药学成分的使用剂量是本领域技术人员公知的。可以根据本发明化合物组合物中最后的制剂中所含有的实际药物数量,加以适当的调整,以达到其治疗有效量的要求,完成本发明的预防或治疗目的。本发明化合物的每天的合适剂量范围:本发明的化合物的用量为0.0001-100mg/kg体重,可一次服用或分多次服用。本发明的化合物或组合物可单独服用,或与其他治疗药物或对症药物合并使用。
本发明技术方案的第三方面是第一方面所述化合物及其药效学上可接受的盐在制备预防、缓解和/或治疗炎症药物中的应用。所述的炎症包括变质性炎症、渗出性炎症、增生性炎症、特异性炎症以及炎性肠病。所述的变质性炎症包括实质器官的感染或中毒;所述的渗出性炎症包括浆液性炎、纤维素性炎、化脓性炎、出血性炎、坏死性炎、卡他性炎;所述的特异性炎症包括结核、梅毒、麻疯、淋巴肉芽肿;所述的炎性肠病包括溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病。
本发明技术方案的第四方面是提供了如式2所示化合物3-6及其药效学上可接受的盐在制备预防、缓解和/或治疗炎症药物中的应用:
所述的炎症包括变质性炎症、渗出性炎症、增生性炎症、特异性炎症以及炎性肠病。所述的变质性炎症包括实质器官的感染或中毒;所述的渗出性炎症包括浆液性炎、纤维素性炎、化脓性炎、出血性炎、坏死性炎、卡他性炎;所述的特异性炎症包括结核、梅毒、麻疯、淋巴肉芽肿;所述的炎性肠病包括溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病。
有意技术效果
本发明公开的金钱松三萜内酯类化合物具有显著的NF-κB抑制作用,对小鼠耳肿胀、溃疡性结肠炎具有较好的治疗作用。
附图说明
图1金钱松种子的提取分离流程图
具体实施方式
下面的实施例及药物活性实验用来进一步说明本发明,但这并不意味着对本发明的任何限制。
术语与简称
ESI-MS电喷雾质谱
COSY同核化学位移相关谱
DEPT无畸变极化转移增强谱
HMBC异核多键相关(一种测定分子中远程氢碳连接关系的二维核磁共振谱)
HPLC高效液相色谱
HRESI-MS高分辨电喷雾质谱
HSQC异核单量子相关(一种测定分子中氢碳直接相连关系的二维核磁共振谱)
IR红外光谱
NMR核磁共振
NOESY欧沃豪斯增益谱(一种测定分子中氢原子空间位置临近关系的二维核磁共振谱)
IC50半抑制浓度
实施例1:化合物1-6的分离及结构表征
金钱松种子100kg,粉碎,用95%乙醇冷浸提取3次,第一次12小时后两次每次2小时。提取液减压浓缩得到浸膏8.87kg,混悬在20L水中,依次用石油醚、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取(各萃取3次),合并萃取液并回收溶剂得二氯甲烷部位3.97kg。二氯甲烷部位经硅胶(160-200目)吸附色谱柱,依次以石油醚比乙酸乙酯30:1,20:1,10:1,5:1,1:1和乙酸乙酯洗脱,分别得到G1-G6六个流份。其中G3流份(480g)经硅胶(200-300目)吸附色谱柱,依次以石油醚比丙酮10:1,8:1,5:1,3:1,1:1洗脱,分别得到G3G1-G3G4四个流份。G3G1(4.55g)经LH-20凝胶色谱以二氯甲烷比甲醇1:1等度洗脱,得到G3G1L1-G3G1L3三个流分。流份G3G1L3(290mg)经制备型液相色谱(Shimadzu LC-6AD型色谱仪;YMC-pack ODS-A色谱柱,250×10mm,5μm;82%乙腈作为流动相;流速3.5ml/min)得到化合物1(19.8mg)、化合物3(6.9mg)、化合物4(80.6mg)和化合物5(33.7mg)。G3G3(147.6g)分多次经中压ODS色谱以30%、50%、70%、90%、100%甲醇和水洗脱,得到G3G3O1-G3G3O4四个流分。G3G3O2(44.0g)部分多次经LH-20凝胶色谱以二氯甲烷比甲醇1:1等度洗脱,得到G3G3O2L1-G3G3O2L2两个流分。G3G3O2L2(12.0g)经制备型液相色谱(Shimadzu LC-6AD型色谱仪;YMC-pack ODS-A色谱柱,250×20mm,5μm;90%甲醇作为流动相;流速5ml/min)分段得到G3G3O2L2-1至G3G3O2L2-4四段。G3G3O2L2-2经制备型液相色谱(Shimadzu LC-6AD型色谱仪;YMC-packODS-A色谱柱,250×10mm,5μm;60%乙腈作为流动相;流速3.5ml/min)得到化合物6(656.6mg)。G3G3O2L2-3经制备型液相色谱(Shimadzu LC-6AD型色谱仪;YMC-pack ODS-A色谱柱,250×10mm,5μm;60%乙腈作为流动相;流速3.5ml/min)分段得到G3G3O2L2-3-1至G3G3O2L2-3-4。G3G3O2L2-3-3经制备型液相色谱(Shimadzu LC-6AD型色谱仪;YMC-packODS-A C8色谱柱,250×10mm,5μm;70%甲醇作为流动相;流速3.5ml/min)得到化合物2(3.0mg)。
化合物1-6的结构式及鉴定方法
化合物1-6的波谱数据和理化性质
化合物1Pseudoamaolide A
白色粉末,HRESI-MS m/z 489.2992[M+Na]+;1H NMR and 13C NMR,(见表1)。
化合物2Pseudoamaolide B
白色粉末,HRESI-MS m/z 483.31009[M+H]+;1H NMR and 13C NMR,(见表1)。
化合物3Pseudolarnoid E
白色粉末,HRESI-MS m/z 491.315[M+Na]+;1H NMR and 13C NMR,(见表1)。
化合物4Pseudolarolide B
白色粉末,1H NMR and 13C NMR,(见表2)。
化合物5Pseudolarolide A
白色粉末,1H NMR and 13C NMR,(见表2)。
化合物6Pseudolarolide C acid
白色粉末,HRESI-MS m/z 501.32224[M-H]-;1H NMR and 13C NMR,(见表2)。
表1化合物1-3的1H和13C-NMR数据
表2化合物4-6的1H和13C-NMR数据
药理实验
实验例1分离得到全部三萜化合物(含活性最佳化合物1-6)抗炎活性测试
一、体外NF-κB通路抑制实验
(一)实验原理
NF-κB是一种核转录因子,通过调节炎性细胞因子的表达在免疫和炎症反应中发挥重要作用。静息状态下,NF-κB的亚基p50和p65通常以异二聚体的形式存在于细胞质中。当促炎刺激物(如TNF-α)作用于细胞时,会通过IκBα的降解和磷酸化来活化NF-κB,活化的NF-κB p65进入细胞核内与DNA结合,上调炎症基因COX-2、iNOS的转录。NF-κB被激活并启动促炎症基因的转录和表达,导致TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β等多种促炎因子的过度分泌,从而加重炎症损伤。因此,对NF-κB的抑制作用与该化合物的抗炎作用密切相关。可通过测试化合物对NF-κB的抑制率反映抗炎作用。
(二)实验材料和方法:
1细胞毒性试验:用MTT法测定化合物对293T细胞的细胞毒性。
(1)293T细胞接种于96孔板(5×103/孔)培养过夜。
(2)用10μM的化合物与293T细胞共孵育24小时,将相同浓度的溶剂载体(DMSO,0.5%)作为对照。
(3)将20μl MTT(无菌PBS中的5mg/ml)加于每个孔中,继续培养4h。
(4)去除培养基,在每个孔中加入100μl二甲基亚砜,在490nm处检测吸光度。
2化合物对NF-κB转录激活效应的检测实验:双荧光素酶报告基因检测法。
1.将293T/NF-κB-luc细胞以每孔5×105的密度接种到96孔板中。培养24小时后,在LPS(500ng/ml)刺激前,用化合物预处理细胞30分钟。等浓度的溶剂媒剂(DMSO,0.5%)始终作为对照。
2.刺激6小时后,去除培养基,用荧光素酶分析系统中的溶解缓冲液溶解细胞。随后,将细胞溶解物与荧光素酶分析试剂混合,用酶标仪立即测定萤火虫荧光素酶的发光量。计算NF-κB通路的抑制率。JSH-23为阳性对照药。
测试结果:
表3.化合物1-6对NF-κB通路的抑制作用
注:JSH-23为阳性对照药
当该化合物有细胞毒作用时,抑制试验会有假阳性结果。杀伤率在20%以上的认为在本体系中有细胞毒作用。化合物1-6在10μM浓度下对细胞的杀伤率均在20%以下,可以认为在本体系中没有细胞毒作用,因而实验结果不存在假阳性。
表4.化合物1-6细胞毒活性
二、小鼠二甲苯耳肿胀实验(体内抗炎症模型)
实验原理:
二甲苯诱导小鼠耳肿胀炎症模型是化学接触性皮肤炎症的经典动物模型,表现为小鼠耳组织角质形成细胞增生,产生TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β等炎性细胞因子,炎性细胞浸润增多,角质层明显增厚,耳组织增厚和耳质量增加等。本研究采用二甲苯诱导小鼠耳肿胀炎症小鼠模型,并以阿司匹林为阳性对照,来验证化合物的抗炎作用。
实验材料和方法:
1.小鼠:雌雄各半昆明种小鼠,18-22g,每组10只。
2.样品处理:样品临用前用生理盐水加吐温80配成母液,检测时用培养液稀释成一定浓度后使用。
3.阳性对照药:阿司匹林。
4.测试方法:称重后,按体重给药,空白组给相同体积生理盐水。药物处理一小时后在小鼠的右耳处均匀涂抹20μL的二甲苯。30min后处死老鼠,使用8mm打孔器均匀打孔。使用万分之一分析天平称重,肿胀度=右耳质量-左耳质量。
测试结果:
表5.化合物4对二甲苯所致小鼠耳肿胀抑制率比较(X平均±SD)
*P<0.05;***P<0.001
三、化合物4对DSS诱导溃疡性结肠炎(UC)小鼠抗炎活性评价实验
实验原理:
溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)是以直肠、结肠黏膜及黏膜下层的炎症和溃疡形成为病理特点的非特异性炎性肠病,多呈反复发作的慢性病程.葡聚糖硫酸钠(dextran sulfate sodium,DSS)诱导的小鼠结肠炎模型的肠道病变与人类病理形态最为近似,所以常用来造模。
实验材料和方法:
1.实验动物
C57BL/6J小鼠,雄性(18-20g);每组6只。购自北京华阜康生物科技股份有限公司;许可证号:SCXK(京)2014-0004。
2.实验分组
(1)正常对照组(Con组):0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠灌胃。
(2)UC模型组(Mod组):0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠灌胃。
(3)阳性药柳氮磺吡啶组(Pos组):上海信谊药厂有限公司(批号:036151102);500mg/kg,0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠灌胃。
(4)测试组JQS2(化合物4):400mg/kg 0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠灌胃。
3实验方法
按实验室已建方法建模,并对UC关评价指标进行检测(见实验结果部分)。
测试结果:
1.测试组JQS2(化合物4)对DSS诱导UC模型小鼠体重的影响
表6.不同化合物组别对UC小鼠体重降低的改善作用
注:**p<0.01与对照组比较。
2.测试组JQS2(化合物4)对UC小鼠结肠挛缩的影响
表7.JQS2(化合物4)对UC小鼠结肠挛缩的影响
注:**p<0.01与对照组比较。
3.测试组JQS2(化合物4)对UC小鼠疾病综合指数DAI评分的影响
表8.JQS2(化合物4)对UC小鼠疾病综合指数DAI评分的影响
注:**p<0.01与对照组比较。##p<0.01与模型组比较。
Claims (10)
1.式1所示的化合物1-2或其药学上可接受的盐,
2.一种药物组合物,其特征在于,含有有效剂量的权利要求1的任一化合物或其药效学上可接受的盐,以及药效学上可接受的载体。
3.根据权利要求2的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述的药物组合物选自颗粒剂、胶囊剂、片剂、丸剂、混悬剂、溶液剂、气雾剂或喷雾剂。
4.根据权利要求2的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述的药物组合物选自缓释制剂、控释制剂、微粒给药系统。
5.权利要求1的任一化合物及其药效学上可接受的盐在制备预防、缓解和/或治疗炎症药物中的应用。
6.根据权利要求5的应用,其特征在于,所述的炎症选自变质性炎症、渗出性炎症、增生性炎症、特异性炎症以及炎性肠病。
7.根据权利要求6的应用,其特征在于,所述的变质性炎症选自实质器官的感染或中毒;所述的渗出性炎症选自浆液性炎、纤维素性炎、化脓性炎、出血性炎、坏死性炎、卡他性炎;所述的特异性炎症选自结核、梅毒、麻疯、淋巴肉芽肿;所述的炎性肠病选自溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病。
8.如式2所示化合物3-6及其药效学上可接受的盐在制备预防、缓解和/或治疗炎症药物中的应用:
9.根据权利要求8的应用,其特征在于,所述的炎症选自变质性炎症、渗出性炎症、增生性炎症、特异性炎症以及炎性肠病。
10.根据权利要求9的应用,其特征在于,所述的变质性炎症选自实质器官的感染或中毒;所述的渗出性炎症选自浆液性炎、纤维素性炎、化脓性炎、出血性炎、坏死性炎、卡他性炎;所述的特异性炎症选自结核、梅毒、麻疯、淋巴肉芽肿;所述的炎性肠病选自溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病。
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