CN113210017A - 有机碱、硅烷化连续改性TS-1负载Keggin结构磷钼钒酸催化剂 - Google Patents
有机碱、硅烷化连续改性TS-1负载Keggin结构磷钼钒酸催化剂 Download PDFInfo
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- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000002444 silanisation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- DHRLEVQXOMLTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;trioxomolybdenum Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O DHRLEVQXOMLTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- -1 orthosilicate ester Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910015711 MoOx Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- IBYSTTGVDIFUAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium monoxide Chemical compound [V]=O IBYSTTGVDIFUAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 125000001741 organic sulfur group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 4
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadate(3-) Chemical compound [O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Inorganic materials O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- LPSKDVINWQNWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapropylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC LPSKDVINWQNWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910020881 PMo12O40 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 6
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 5
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002898 organic sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- VDZOOKBUILJEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC VDZOOKBUILJEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000010718 Oxidation Activity Effects 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QXYJCZRRLLQGCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxomolybdenum Chemical compound O=[Mo]=O QXYJCZRRLLQGCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- IYDGMDWEHDFVQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;trioxotungsten Chemical compound O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O IYDGMDWEHDFVQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- CPOUUWYFNYIYLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetra(propan-2-yl)azanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC(C)[N+](C(C)C)(C(C)C)C(C)C CPOUUWYFNYIYLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- UQMOLLPKNHFRAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutyl silicate Chemical compound CCCCO[Si](OCCCC)(OCCCC)OCCCC UQMOLLPKNHFRAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940073455 tetraethylammonium hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RROIKUJKYDVRRG-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)azanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC(C)C[N+](CC(C)C)(CC(C)C)CC(C)C RROIKUJKYDVRRG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OC LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZQZCOBSUOFHDEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapropyl silicate Chemical compound CCCO[Si](OCCC)(OCCC)OCCC ZQZCOBSUOFHDEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RJFIXTCTBAXPDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihydroxy(2-methylpropoxy)silane Chemical compound CC(C)CO[Si](O)(O)O RJFIXTCTBAXPDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IWICDTXLJDCAMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihydroxy(propan-2-yloxy)silane Chemical compound CC(C)O[Si](O)(O)O IWICDTXLJDCAMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910015429 Mo2O5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UGACIEPFGXRWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ti] Chemical compound [Si].[Ti] UGACIEPFGXRWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006735 epoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002149 hierarchical pore Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002815 homogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033444 hydroxylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005805 hydroxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002468 redox effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001428 transition metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/89—Silicates, aluminosilicates or borosilicates of titanium, zirconium or hafnium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G27/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, by oxidation
- C10G27/04—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, by oxidation with oxygen or compounds generating oxygen
- C10G27/12—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, by oxidation with oxygen or compounds generating oxygen with oxygen-generating compounds, e.g. per-compounds, chromic acid, chromates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
- B01J2229/10—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained
- B01J2229/16—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to increase the Si/Al ratio; Dealumination
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
- C10G2300/201—Impurities
- C10G2300/202—Heteroatoms content, i.e. S, N, O, P
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开有机碱、硅烷化连续改性TS‑1负载Keggin结构磷钼钒酸催化剂,依次按照如下步骤制备而成:以有机碱对TS‑1进行改性处理,得到第一次改性TS‑1,命名为TS‑1‑Alkali;以正硅酸酯的烷烃溶液对TS‑1‑Alkali改性处理,得到第二次改性TS‑1,命名为TS‑1‑Alkali@SiO2;以TS‑1‑Alkali@SiO2为载体负载Keggin结构磷钼钒酸,经洗涤和干燥焙烧,从而得到环境友好、高活性且易分离的氧化脱硫固体催化剂。适用于硫含量高达2000μg/g以上的有机硫化物或劣质汽柴油等组分的氧化改质,可大幅度降低有机硫含量(降低至10μg/g以下)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种负载型多酸催化剂,尤其是一种氧化脱硫活性高的有机碱、硅烷化连续改性TS-1负载Keggin结构磷钼钒酸催化剂。
背景技术
近年来,石油中有机硫化合物的脱除越来越受到人们的重视。常用的脱硫技术是加氢脱硫,但对如噻吩(TH)、二苯并噻吩(DBT)及其烷基取代物等大分子有机硫化物脱除效果不够理想且反应条件严苛、脱硫成本高、油品辛烷值大幅度降低。氧化脱硫技术因反应条件温和、脱硫活性高而受到研究者的广泛关注。氧化脱硫通常的反应过程是在催化剂作用下,氧化剂将硫原子氧化成亚砜或砜,再通过溶剂萃取、蒸馏、吸附等方法将含硫化合物分离。
多金属氧酸盐(POM)由于热稳定性、布朗斯特酸性以及良好的氧化还原性被广泛用于各种氧化反应中。POM对DBT等大分子有机硫化物有优异的催化氧化能力,同时也有其局限性:(1)对汽油硫组分中TH及其烷基取代物的催化氧化活性低;(2)其作为液相均相催化剂在反应体系中不利于回收。因此,研究者常将POM与不同载体结合,以解决POM回收难的问题。陈立东和姜春杰等在专利公布号为CN104525261A,题为“Keggin结构同多阴阳离子构筑的催化剂及其制备方法及其应用”的专利中报道了Keggin结构铝同多酸阳离子杂化材料和Keggin结构多酸阴离子构筑的氧化脱硫催化剂。
当过渡金属离子(如Fe3+、Ti4+和V3+等)进入分子筛骨架后,它们往往对择形催化具有较好的效果。TS-1(钛硅分子筛)作为最早的这类催化剂,在H2O2作用下对部分有机物具有优异的催化氧化能力,如烯烃的环氧化、酮的氨氧化、苯酚和苯的羟基化、饱和烃氧化等。TS-1应用于有机硫化物的研究中常见文献报道,如孔令艳和李钢等在催化学报,2004,25(2),89-90发表了题为“TS-1/过氧化氢催化体系中有机硫化物的选择氧化”的文章,以TS-1为催化剂,水为溶剂研究了正辛烷中噻吩的选择氧化反应。结果表明,在TS-1/水/正辛烷三相体系中,在常压和60℃下噻吩硫完全转化成硫酸并转移到水相。传统TS-1对小分子有机硫化合物(如TH等)催化氧化活性高,但其微孔结构会抑制大分子有机硫化物在孔内的扩散,从而导致对BT、DBT及其烷基取代物等大分子有机硫化合物脱硫活性低。
林民等在专利公布号CN1166562C,题为“一种钛硅分子筛的改性方法”中公开了一种用硅改性TS-1分子筛的方法,硅改性能有效提高催化氧化活性和使用寿命,副产物明显降低。何丹农和胡丹等在专利公布号CN110194465A,题为“纳米多级孔TS-1分子筛的制备方法及其产品和应用”中报道了有机碱改性钛硅分子筛为催化剂,通过氧化法脱除正辛烷中的DBT的脱除率达到90%以上。但并未提及DBT的测试浓度以及对其他有机硫化物的脱除效果,且该方法制备过程复杂,实用性较差,难以在工业上应用。陈立东和刘迪等在专利公布号为CN106732777A,题为“用多酸化合物、过氧化物和钛硅分子筛构筑的催化剂及其制备方法及其应用”,公开了催化剂的制备方法,具体是先制备MFI结构的钛硅沸石,在其组分中引入Keggin结构多酸化合物和过氧化物组分,后经洗涤和干燥焙烧制得所需的催化剂。在模拟油品的氧化脱除反应中,可使有机硫含量从200 μg/g降低到10 μg/g以下,但是,对于大分子有机硫化物的脱除活性仍需大幅度提高。
迄今为止,没有关于以有机碱和硅烷化依次连续处理后的改性TS-1作为载体负载Keggin结构多酸化合物制备高活性氧化脱硫催化剂的相关报道。
发明内容
本发明是为了解决现有技术所存在的上述技术问题,提供一种氧化脱硫活性高的有机碱、硅烷化连续改性TS-1负载Keggin结构磷钼钒酸催化剂。
本发明的技术解决方案是:一种有机碱、硅烷化连续改性TS-1负载Keggin结构磷钼钒酸催化剂,其特征在于依次按照如下步骤制备而成:
a. 以有机碱对TS-1进行改性处理,得到第一次改性TS-1,命名为TS-1-Alkali;
b. 以正硅酸酯的烷烃溶液对TS-1-Alkali改性处理,得到第二次改性TS-1,命名为TS-1-Alkali@SiO2;
c. 以TS-1-Alkali@SiO2为载体负载Keggin结构磷钼钒酸,经洗涤和干燥焙烧。
所述a步骤是在常温、常压和搅拌的条件下,将TS-1加至0.1-2.0 mol/L 的有机碱溶液中,所述有机碱溶液与TS-1的用量比为1 mol:0.001-0.10 g,搅拌均匀后转入到内衬聚四氟乙烯的反应釜中,在100-200 ℃的恒温条件下反应24 h,反应结束后离心、洗涤、干燥,经400-650 ℃在空气中焙烧4-48 h,得到TS-1-Alkali。
所述b步骤是将TS-1-Alkali置于质量分数为1%-20%的正硅酸酯的烷烃溶液中静置浸渍6-48 h,经80-120 ℃加热回流至蒸干烷烃,在空气中经400-650 ℃焙烧4~48 h,得到催化剂TS-1-Alkali@SiO2,所述质量分数为1-20%的正硅酸酯的烷烃溶液与TS-1-Alkali的质量比为5-100:1,并使m(SiO2):m(TS-1-Alkali)为5-40:100。
所述c步骤是将含磷化合物、钒氧化合物、钼氧化合物及水按照摩尔比为1:0.5-12:11-6:500-10000混合得混合液,向混合液中加入质量百分比浓度为20-65%硝酸调节混合液pH值小于2.0再加入TS-1-Alkali@SiO2,使m(MoOx'):m(TS-1-Alkali@SiO2)为 2-30:100,所述x'等于2~5,搅拌均匀后转入到内衬聚四氟乙烯的反应釜中,在80-200 ℃下反应4-48 h,经抽滤、洗涤,于80-120 ℃下干燥成粉末,经200-400 ℃在空气中焙烧4-24 h。
所述c步骤是配制质量百分比浓度2-40%的HzPMoxVyO40的水溶液,HzPMoxVyO40中x+y=12,z=75-6x-5y且x、y均为整数,再加入TS-1-Alkali@SiO2,使m(MoOx):m(TS-1-TPAOH@SiO2) 为3~45:100,静置浸渍4~48 h,经抽滤、洗涤,于80~120 ℃下干燥成粉末,经200~400℃在空气中焙烧4~24 h。
本发明是利用有机碱和硅烷化对TS-1依次且连续进行改性处理,之后负载Keggin结构磷钼钒酸,从而得到环境友好、高活性且易分离的氧化脱硫固体催化剂。该催化剂适用于硫含量高达2000 μg/g以上的有机硫化物或劣质汽柴油等组分的氧化改质,可大幅度降低有机硫含量(降低至10 μg/g以下)。另外,本发明可重复使用且操作容易,制备方法简单、原料易得、成本低。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
本发明的一种有机碱、硅烷化连续改性TS-1负载Keggin结构磷钼钒酸催化剂,依次按照如下步骤制备而成:
a. 在常温、常压和搅拌的条件下,将TS-1加至0.6 mol/L 的四丙基氢氧化铵溶液中,所述TS-1与四丙基氢氧化铵的用量比为1 g:0.003 mol,搅拌均匀后转入到内衬聚四氟乙烯的反应釜中,在150℃的恒温条件下反应24h,反应结束后离心、洗涤、干燥,经550℃在空气中焙烧6h,得到TS-1-Alkali。
b. 将TS-1-Alkali置于质量分数为20.0%的正硅酸乙酯的环己烷溶液中静置浸渍12 h,经110℃加热回流至蒸干烷烃,在空气中经550℃焙烧4 h,得到催化剂TS-1-Alkali@SiO2,所述质量分数为20.0%的正硅酸乙酯的环己烷溶液与TS-1-Alkali的质量比为90:1,并使m(SiO2):m(TS-1-Alkali)为2:5。
c. 将磷酸、V2O5、MoO3及水按照摩尔比为1:1:10:4000混合得混合液,向混合液中加入质量百分比浓度为65%硝酸调节混合液pH值小于2.0再加入TS-1-Alkali@SiO2,使m(MoO3):m(TS-1-Alkali@SiO2)为10:200,搅拌均匀后转入到内衬聚四氟乙烯的反应釜中,在100 ℃下反应12 h,经抽滤、洗涤,于110 ℃下干燥成粉末,经300 ℃在空气中焙烧6 h。
所述四丙基氢氧化铵亦可采用四甲基氢氧化铵、四乙基氢氧化铵、四异丙基氢氧化铵、四异丁基氢氧化铵、四丁基氢氧化铵中的至少一种。
所述正硅酸乙酯还可以是正硅酸甲酯、正硅酸丙酯、正硅酸异丙酯、正硅酸丁酯或正硅酸异丁酯;环己烷可以是苯、正庚烷、正辛烷,正己烷、甲基环己烷、甲苯、乙苯中的至少一种。
所述磷酸可以是磷酸一氢铵、磷酸二氢铵、磷酸铵中的至少一种;所述V2O5可以是VO2;所述MoO3还可以是MoO2、Mo2O5中的至少一种。
实施例2:
本发明的一种有机碱、硅烷化连续改性TS-1负载Keggin结构磷钼钒酸催化剂,依次按照如下步骤制备而成:
a. 在常温、常压和搅拌的条件下,将TS-1加至0.6 mol/L 的四丙基氢氧化铵溶液中,所述TS-1与四丙基氢氧化铵的用量比为1 g:0.003 mol,搅拌均匀后转入到内衬聚四氟乙烯的反应釜中,在150℃的恒温条件下反应24 h,反应结束后离心、洗涤、干燥,经550℃在空气中焙烧6 h,得到TS-1-Alkali。
b. 将TS-1-Alkali置于质量分数为20.0%的正硅酸乙酯的环己烷溶液中静置浸渍12 h,经110 ℃加热回流至蒸干烷烃,在空气中经550℃焙烧4 h,得到催化剂TS-1-Alkali@SiO2,所述质量分数为20.0%的正硅酸乙酯的环己烷溶液与TS-1-Alkali的质量比为90:1,并使m(SiO2):m(TS-1-Alkali)为2:5。
所述c步骤是配制质量百分比浓度5%的HzPMoxVyO40的水溶液,H5[PMo10V2O40]再加入TS-1-Alkali@SiO2,使m(H5[PMo10V2O40]):m(TS-1-TPAOH@SiO2) 为1:10,静置浸渍24 h,经抽滤、洗涤,于90℃下干燥成粉末,经300 ℃在空气中焙烧6 h。
所述四丙基氢氧化铵亦可采用四甲基氢氧化铵、四乙基氢氧化铵、四异丙基氢氧化铵、四异丁基氢氧化铵、四丁基氢氧化铵中的至少一种。
所述正硅酸乙酯还可以是正硅酸甲酯、正硅酸丙酯、正硅酸异丙酯、正硅酸丁酯或正硅酸异丁酯;环己烷可以是苯、正庚烷、正辛烷,正己烷、甲基环己烷、甲苯、乙苯中的至少一种。
所述H5[PMo10V2O40]可以是H4[PMo11V1O40]、H6[PMo9V3O40]、H7[PMo8V4O40]、H8[PMo7V5O40]、H9[PMo6V6O40]中的至少一种。
实验:
对比例1:H3PMo12O40/SiO2的合成
(1)在常温、常压和搅拌的条件下,将0.20 g的Keggin结构磷钼酸(H3PMo12O40)加入4.0 g去离子水中,调节溶液的pH值为2.0;
(2)称取2.0 g的SiO2,加入到溶液(1)中,搅拌均匀后静置24 h,抽滤,洗涤后于80℃烘干,经300 ℃在空气中焙烧6 h制得所述催化剂,催化剂记为H3PMo12O40/SiO2。
对比例2:H3PW12O40/SiO2的合成
(1)在常温、常压和搅拌的条件下,将0.20 g的Keggin结构磷钨酸(H3PW12O40)加入4.0 g去离子水中,调节溶液的pH值为2.0;
(2)称取2.0 g的SiO2,加入到溶液(1)中,搅拌均匀后静置24 h,抽滤,洗涤后于80℃烘干,经300 ℃在空气中焙烧6 h制得所述催化剂,催化剂记为H3PW12O40/SiO2。
对比例3:H3PMo12O40/TS-1的合成
(1)在常温、常压和搅拌的条件下,将0.20 g的Keggin结构磷钼酸(H3PMo12O40)加入4.0 g去离子水中,调节溶液的pH值为2.0;
(2)称取2.0 g的TS-1,加入到溶液(1)中,搅拌均匀后静置24 h,抽滤,洗涤后于80℃烘干,经300 ℃在空气中焙烧6 h制得所述催化剂,催化剂记为H3PMo12O40/TS-1。
对比例4:H3PW12O40/TS-1的合成
(1)在常温、常压和搅拌的条件下,将0.20 g的Keggin结构磷钨酸(H3PW12O40)加入4.0 g去离子水中,调节溶液的pH值为2.0;
(2)称取2.0 g的TS-1,加入到溶液(1)中,搅拌均匀后静置24 h,抽滤,洗涤后于80℃烘干,经300 ℃在空气中焙烧6 h制得所述催化剂,催化剂记为H3PW12O40/TS-1。
对比例5:TS-1-Alkali@SiO2的合成
同实施例1,得到催化剂TS-1-Alkali@SiO2。
对比例6:H5PMo10V2O40/TS-1的合成
将磷酸、V2O5、MoO3及水按照摩尔比为1:1:10:4000混合得混合液,向混合液中加入质量百分比浓度为65%硝酸调节混合液pH值小于2.0再加入TS-1,使m(MoO3):m(TS-1)为10:200,搅拌均匀后转入到内衬聚四氟乙烯的反应釜中,在100 ℃下反应12 h,经抽滤、洗涤,于110 ℃下干燥成粉末,经300 ℃在空气中焙烧6 h。
对比例7:H5PMo10V2O40/TS-1-Alkali的合成
(1)同实施例1,得到催化剂TS-1-Alkali;
(2)将磷酸、V2O5、MoO3及水按照摩尔比为1:1:10:4000混合得混合液,向混合液中加入质量百分比浓度为65%硝酸调节混合液pH值小于2.0再加入TS-1-Alkali,使m(MoO3):m(TS-1-Alkali)为10:200,搅拌均匀后转入到内衬聚四氟乙烯的反应釜中,在100 ℃下反应12 h,经抽滤、洗涤,于110 ℃下干燥成粉末,经300 ℃在空气中焙烧6 h。
对比例8:H5PMo10V2O40/TS-1@SiO2@Alkali的合成
(1)将TS-1置于质量分数为20.0%的正硅酸乙酯的环己烷溶液中静置浸渍12 h,所述质量分数为20.0%的正硅酸乙酯的环己烷溶液与TS-1的质量比为90:1,并使m(SiO2):m(TS-1)为2:5,经110 ℃加热回流至蒸干烷烃,在空气中经550 ℃焙烧4 h,得到催化剂TS-1@SiO2;
(2)在常温、常压和搅拌的条件下,将TS-1@SiO2加至0.6 mol/L 的四丙基氢氧化铵溶液中,所述TS-1@SiO2与四丙基氢氧化铵的用量比为1 g:0.003 mol,搅拌均匀后转入到内衬聚四氟乙烯的反应釜中,在150 ℃的恒温条件下反应24 h,反应结束后离心、洗涤、干燥,经550 ℃在空气中焙烧6 h,得到TS-1@SiO2@Alkali;
(3)将磷酸、V2O5、MoO3及水按照摩尔比为1:1:10:4000混合得混合液,向混合液中加入质量百分比浓度为65%硝酸调节混合液pH值小于2.0再加入TS-1@SiO2@Alkali,使m(MoO3):m(TS-1@SiO2@Alkali)为10:200,搅拌均匀后转入到内衬聚四氟乙烯的反应釜中,在100 ℃下反应12 h,经抽滤、洗涤,于110 ℃下干燥成粉末,经300 ℃在空气中焙烧6 h。
测定实施例1、实施例2、对比例1~8的氧化脱硫活性。
具体操作过程如下:反应温度为30-70℃,反应压强为0.5-5 atm;最佳压强0.5-1.5 atm,m (催化剂):m (油品) = 1:50,氧化剂加入量:n(S):n(H2O2) = 1:78,油品中有机硫含量:2000 µg/g。
实施例1的反应结果表1所示,溶液脱硫率单位为wt%。
表1
实施例2的反应结果表2所示,溶液脱硫率单位为wt%。
表2
对比例1-8的70℃反应结果表3所示,溶液脱硫率单位为wt%。
表3
实验结果表明:本发明实施例1、2的脱硫率活性最高,尤其是显著提高对DBT等大分子有机硫化物的催化氧化能力,其活性优于单独有机碱改性、单独硅烷化改性以及先使用硅烷化再用有机碱改性的TS-1载体。
Claims (5)
1.一种有机碱、硅烷化连续改性TS-1负载Keggin结构磷钼钒酸催化剂,其特征在于依次按照如下步骤制备而成:
a. 以有机碱对TS-1进行改性处理,得到第一次改性TS-1,命名为TS-1-Alkali;
b. 以正硅酸酯的烷烃溶液对TS-1-Alkali改性处理,得到第二次改性TS-1,命名为TS-1-Alkali@SiO2;
c. 以TS-1-Alkali@SiO2为载体负载Keggin结构磷钼钒酸,经洗涤和干燥焙烧。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的有机碱、硅烷化连续改性TS-1负载Keggin结构磷钼钒酸催化剂,其特征在于所述a步骤是在常温、常压和搅拌的条件下,将TS-1加至0.1-2.0 mol/L 的有机碱溶液中,所述有机碱溶液与TS-1的用量比为1 mol:0.001-0.10 g,搅拌均匀后转入到内衬聚四氟乙烯的反应釜中,在100-200 ℃的恒温条件下反应24 h,反应结束后离心、洗涤、干燥,经400~650 ℃在空气中焙烧4~48 h,得到TS-1-Alkali。
3. 根据权利要求2所述的有机碱、硅烷化连续改性TS-1负载Keggin结构磷钼钒酸催化剂,其特征在于所述b步骤是将TS-1-Alkali置于质量分数为1%-20%的正硅酸酯的烷烃溶液中静置浸渍6-48 h,经80-120℃加热回流至蒸干烷烃,在空气中经400-650℃焙烧4~48 h,得到催化剂TS-1-Alkali@SiO2,所述质量分数为1-20%的正硅酸酯的烷烃溶液与TS-1-Alkali的质量比为 5-100:1,并使m(SiO2):m(TS-1-Alkali)为5-40:100。
4. 根据权利要求3所述的有机碱、硅烷化连续改性TS-1负载Keggin结构磷钼钒酸催化剂,其特征在于所述c步骤是将含磷化合物、钒氧化合物、钼氧化合物及水按照摩尔比为1:0.5-12:11-6:500-10000混合得混合液,向混合液中加入质量百分比浓度为20-65%硝酸调节混合液pH值小于2.0再加入TS-1-Alkali@SiO2,使m(MoOx'):m(TS-1-Alkali@SiO2)为 2-30:100,所述x'等于2~5,搅拌均匀后转入到内衬聚四氟乙烯的反应釜中,在80-200℃下反应4-48 h,经抽滤、洗涤,于80-120℃下干燥成粉末,经200-400℃在空气中焙烧4-24 h。
5. 根据权利要求3所述的有机碱、硅烷化连续改性TS-1负载Keggin结构磷钼钒酸催化剂,其特征在于所述c步骤是配制质量百分比浓度2-40%的HzPMoxVyO40的水溶液,HzPMoxVyO40中x+y=12,z=75-6x-5y且x、y均为整数,再加入TS-1-Alkali@SiO2,使m(MoOx):m(TS-1-TPAOH@SiO2) 为3~45:100,静置浸渍4~48 h,经抽滤、洗涤,于80-120 ℃下干燥成粉末,经200-400 ℃在空气中焙烧4~24 h。
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