CN113201346A - Acid soil biomass charcoal modifier and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Acid soil biomass charcoal modifier and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
- C09K17/04—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only applied in a physical form other than a solution or a grout, e.g. as granules or gases
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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- C09K17/06—Calcium compounds, e.g. lime
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Abstract
The acid soil biomass charcoal modifier is prepared by air drying harvested leaves and discs of sunflower growing on saline-alkali soil, grinding, and performing anaerobic pyrolysis at 400 ℃. The biomass charcoal modifier has high alkali content and strong acid neutralization capacity. Adding 1-3% biomass charcoal into acidic dry land soil and paddy soil can effectively increase soil pH and contents of exchangeable potassium, calcium and magnesium, reduce soil exchangeable aluminum, relieve aluminum toxicity, and passivate toxic heavy metal cadmium in acidic paddy soil. Therefore, the modifier is a high-efficiency modifier for the biomass charcoal in the acid soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to an acid soil biomass charcoal improver as well as a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The soil in tropical and subtropical regions in south of China is generally acidic (Zhao, Ching, et al, 2002. scientific Press). The lower pH and aluminum toxicity of acid soil severely limit the growth of crops and the production of agriculture and forestry on the soil. In recent years, the acidification rate of soil is accelerated and the acidification range is further expanded due to acid precipitation and excessive application of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer (Guo et al, 2010. Science, 327: 1008- "1010). The traditional method for improving acid soil is to apply alkaline substances such as lime and the like to neutralize soil acidity and increase soil pH. Although effective, this method consumes a large amount of mineral resources and has the problem of soil re-acidification.
In recent years, researches show that biomass charcoal prepared by anaerobic pyrolysis of agricultural wastes such as crop straws has a certain improvement effect on acid soil, and because the biomass charcoal contains alkaline substances, the acidity of the soil can be directly neutralized. On the other hand, as the added biomass charcoal can improve the pH buffer capacity of the soil, the biomass charcoal also has the effect of inhibiting soil re-acidification. However, the alkali content per unit mass of the biomass char is low as compared with lime, and therefore, in order to achieve an improvement effect similar to that of lime, the amount of the biomass char to be applied must be increased. Due to the high preparation and production costs of biomass charcoal, the costs for improving acid soil are also correspondingly increased. These disadvantages make biomass charcoal difficult to popularize and apply on a large scale in agricultural production. However, the alkali content of the straw biomass charcoal and the improvement effect on acid soil change along with the variety of crops generating straws and the soil growing the straws, which creates conditions for developing the efficient biomass charcoal improver.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows: the invention provides a biomass charcoal modifier for acid soil, a preparation method and application thereof, aiming at the problems that biomass charcoal prepared from common crop straws has relatively low alkali content, poor improvement effect on acid soil, large using amount of straw biomass charcoal, high application cost and the like.
The technical scheme is as follows: the sunflower leaves and discs growing on saline-alkali soil are applied to the preparation of the acid soil biomass charcoal modifier.
The preparation steps of the modifier are as follows: the harvested leaves and discs of sunflower growing on saline-alkali soil are air-dried and ground, and then are subjected to anaerobic pyrolysis at 400 ℃ to obtain the sunflower seeds.
Preferably, the pyrolysis time is 3 hours.
The acid soil biomass charcoal modifier is rich in alkaline substances and nutrients necessary for potassium, calcium and magnesium crops.
The acid soil biomass charcoal improver is prepared by the method. The carbon-alkali content of the sunflower leaf and disc biomass respectively reaches 7.41 mol/kg and 5.37 mol/kg, which are respectively equivalent to the acid neutralization capacity of 370.5 g and 268.5 g of calcium carbonate; the contents of potassium, calcium and magnesium in the sunflower leaf biomass carbon are 518.7, 250.6 and 140.6 cmol/kg respectively, and the contents of potassium, calcium and magnesium in the sunflower disc biomass carbon are 464.1, 123.9 and 59.5 cmol/kg respectively.
The application of the acid soil biomass charcoal modifier in reducing the aluminum toxicity of acid soil.
The application of the acid soil biomass charcoal improver in improving the pH of acid soil.
The acid soil biomass charcoal modifier is applied to improving the exchangeable potassium, calcium and magnesium of acid soil.
The acid soil biomass charcoal modifier is applied to passivating toxic cadmium in acid soil.
The specific method of the application comprises the steps of applying the acid soil biomass charcoal modifier according to 1-3% of the soil weight, uniformly mixing the soil and the acid soil biomass charcoal modifier, adjusting the water content of the soil to 60% of the field water capacity, and planting crops after one week.
Saline-alkali soil is rich in salt-based cations such as potassium, calcium, magnesium and the like, and sunflowers growing on the saline-alkali soil absorb a large amount of potassium, calcium and magnesium from the soil, so that more alkaline substances (organic anions) are accumulated in leaves and discs of the sunflowers to maintain the electrically neutral state of plants. In the process of preparing biomass charcoal by anaerobic pyrolysis, alkaline substances are concentrated, part of the alkaline substances are converted into inorganic alkaline substances such as carbonate, and the rest part of the alkaline substances still exist as organic anions. When the biomass charcoal is added into acid soil, alkali in the biomass charcoal and acid are subjected to neutralization reaction to improve the pH value of the soil, meanwhile, a large amount of basic cations such as potassium, calcium and magnesium are reacted with soil exchangeable aluminum to increase the content of soil exchangeable potassium, calcium and magnesium, the exchangeable aluminum is released into a solution, and the aluminum ions are hydrolyzed at a higher pH value to form aluminum hydroxide precipitate, so that the content of toxic aluminum ions in the soil is obviously reduced. This is the main technical principle of the present invention. Compared with the common straw biomass charcoal, the alkali content of the sunflower leaf and disc biomass charcoal is multiplied, so that the improvement effect on the acidity of the soil is greatly improved, and the sunflower leaf and disc biomass charcoal is an efficient acid soil conditioner.
Has the advantages that: the biomass charcoal prepared from sunflower leaves and discs growing on saline-alkali soil contains a large amount of alkaline substances and nutrients such as potassium, calcium, magnesium and the like which are necessary for crops. The addition of the two biomass charcoals to the acid soil effectively neutralizes the acidity of the soil, improves the pH value of the acid soil and the contents of exchangeable potassium, calcium and magnesium, reduces the exchangeable aluminum content of the acid soil, and relieves or even eliminates the toxicity of aluminum in the soil to plants. Compared with the common straw biomass charcoal, the alkali content of the sunflower leaf and disc biomass charcoal is multiplied, the using amount of the modifier is reduced when the acid soil is modified, and the use cost is reduced. The saline-alkali soil in inland areas contains a large amount of soluble inorganic salts of potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium, the soil is mostly distributed in arid areas, and redundant salt in the soil is difficult to remove. On the other hand, acid soil is mainly distributed in rainy areas, and basic nutrients such as potassium, calcium, magnesium and the like in the soil are seriously lacked. Therefore, the waste of crops such as sunflowers and the like growing on saline-alkali soil is prepared into biomass charcoal and applied to acid soil, and the redundant salt in the saline-alkali soil can be transferred into the acid soil, so that the content of soluble salt in the saline-alkali soil is reduced, the content of exchangeable basic cations in the acid soil is increased, the problem of basic nutrient deficiency in the acid soil is relieved, and the double effects are achieved. Therefore, the sunflower leaf and disc biomass charcoal not only is an efficient acid soil conditioner, but also has beneficial effects on improving saline-alkali soil.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram comparing alkali content of biomass charcoal prepared from different straw raw materials;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram comparing potassium content of biomass charcoal prepared from different straw raw materials;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram comparing calcium content of biomass charcoal prepared from different straw raw materials;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram comparing magnesium content of biomass charcoal prepared from different straw raw materials;
FIG. 5 is a comparison of pH raising effect of Jiangxi red soil with 1% biomass charcoal;
FIG. 6 is a comparison of pH raising effect of Jiangxi red soil by adding different amounts of straw carbon;
FIG. 7 is a comparative graph showing the effect of 1% biomass charcoal addition on the reduction of exchangeable aluminum in red soil in Jiangxi province;
FIG. 8 is a comparison of the effect of adding 1% biomass charcoal on the increase of exchangeable potassium content in red soil in Jiangxi province;
FIG. 9 is a comparative illustration of the effect of adding 1% biomass charcoal on the increase of exchangeable calcium content in red soil in Jiangxi;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing the effect of adding 1% biomass charcoal on the increase of exchangeable magnesium content in red soil in Jiangxi province;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing the effect of adding 3% corn stalk charcoal and sunflower head charcoal on pH increase of Jiangxi paddy soil;
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the effect of adding 3% corn stalk charcoal and sunflower disc charcoal on pH increase in Hunan paddy soil.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The content of carbon alkali and the content of potassium, calcium and magnesium in biomass
Sunflower stalks were collected from the inner Mongolia Bayan Daner where the sunflowers grew on the saline-alkali soil in the area. Collecting materials from sunflower leaves, discs and stems after sunflower seeds are harvested, taking the materials back to a laboratory for air drying and grinding for later use. Meanwhile, rice straws and rape straws are collected in Nanjing, Jiangsu, and the two straws are processed in the same way for comparative study. Different organic materials are respectively put into a ceramic crucible, compressed and covered with a cover, and then put into a muffle furnace to be carbonized for 3 hours at 400 ℃. After cooling, the alkali content and the potassium, calcium and magnesium are measured. The results in fig. 1 show that the biomass charcoal prepared from sunflower leaves and discs has a much higher alkali content than biomass charcoal prepared from rape stalk charcoal, rice straw charcoal and sunflower stems. Comparing the results in fig. 1, the alkali content of the sunflower leaf biomass charcoal is 3.6 times that of the rape straw charcoal, 3.5 times that of the rice straw charcoal, and 2.6 times that of the sunflower stem biomass charcoal, respectively; the alkali content of the biomass charcoal of the sunflower disc is 2.6 times of that of rape straw charcoal, 2.4 times of that of rice straw charcoal and 1.9 times of that of the biomass charcoal of the sunflower stem. Therefore, the leaves and the discs of the sunflowers growing on the saline-alkali soil are excellent raw materials for preparing the biomass charcoal improver for the acid soil.
In acid soil areas, due to heavy rainfall, nutrients such as potassium, calcium, magnesium and the like in the soil are easy to leach out, and the lack of the nutrients such as potassium, calcium, magnesium and the like in the soil is also a cause of poor crop growth. The results of fig. 2-4 show that the biomass char produced from sunflower leaves and discs also has much higher potassium, calcium and magnesium contents than straw char. The potassium, calcium and magnesium contents of the sunflower leaf biomass charcoal are respectively 3.1 times, 3.9 times and 9.6 times of that of the rice straw charcoal; the potassium, calcium and magnesium contents of the sunflower disc biomass charcoal are respectively 2.8 times, 1.9 times and 4.1 times of that of the rice straw charcoal. The results show that the biomass charcoal prepared from the sunflower leaves and discs not only has great potential for neutralizing soil acidity, but also can effectively increase the content of nutrients such as potassium, calcium, magnesium and the like in acid soil and improve the soil fertility level.
Example 2
Improvement effect of biomass charcoal on dry land red soil under culture experiment condition
Weighing 200 g of air-dried acidic red soil (collected from Jiangxi Yingtan), adding rice straw charcoal and biomass charcoal prepared from sunflower leaves, discs and stems according to 1% of the soil weight, and setting the treatment without adding the biomass charcoal as a control. The method comprises the steps of fully and uniformly mixing a soil sample and biomass charcoal, then putting the mixture into a disposable plastic cup, adjusting the water content of the soil to 60% of the field water capacity of the soil by using deionized water, sealing the plastic cup by using a plastic film, and reserving 5 small holes with the caliber of 2 mm on the film so as to facilitate gas exchange and reduce water loss. The plastic cups were then placed in a 25 ℃ incubator and incubated in the dark for 30 days. Weigh and replenish water every 3 days to keep soil moisture constant. After the culture is finished, taking out the soil sample, air-drying, grinding, sieving by a 60-mesh sieve, and measuring the pH of the soil, the content of exchangeable aluminum, exchangeable potassium, calcium and magnesium in the soil. The results in fig. 5 show that the addition of different biochar can increase the pH of the red soil compared with the control, but the increase of the pH of the soil is greatly different. The rice grass carbon and the sunflower stem biomass carbon only respectively increase the pH value of the soil by 0.16 and 0.19, while the sunflower leaf biomass carbon and the sunflower disc biomass carbon respectively increase the pH value of the soil by 1.2 and 0.95, which shows that the improvement effect of the sunflower leaf biomass carbon and the sunflower disc biomass carbon on the acidity of the soil is far better than that of the rice grass carbon. The results in fig. 6 show that the soil pH increase increases with increasing amount of added straw char, and that when the amount of added straw char is 5%, the soil pH increases by 1.21, which is equivalent to the effect of adding 1% of sunflower leaf biomass char. Therefore, under the same conditions, such as application of the sunflower leaf biomass charcoal and the disc biomass charcoal, the using amount of the biomass charcoal can be greatly reduced.
Aluminum toxicity in acid soils is a major cause of poor growth and even reduced yield of crops on such soils. The results in FIG. 7 show that the addition of turf reduced the soil exchangeable aluminum but not much as compared to the control; the soil exchangeable aluminum is reduced to a very low level by adding the sunflower leaves and the disc biomass charcoal, so that the toxicity of the soil aluminum can be effectively relieved or eliminated. The results of fig. 8-10 show that the addition of biomass charcoal increased the soil exchange potassium, calcium, and magnesium content compared to the control, and that the effect of adding sunflower leaf and disc biomass charcoal was superior to that of adding rice grass charcoal. The above results demonstrate that biomass charcoal prepared from sunflower leaves and discs exhibits particularly excellent effects in increasing acid soil pH, reducing soil exchangeable aluminum, and increasing soil exchangeable potassium, calcium, and magnesium.
Example 3
Improvement effect of biomass charcoal on acid paddy soil under culture experiment condition
Respectively collecting acidic rice soil from Jiangxi Yingtan and Hunan Changsha, air-drying and grinding soil samples, respectively adding corn straw charcoal and sunflower disc biomass charcoal according to the proportion of 3% of the soil weight, uniformly mixing, performing constant-temperature culture according to the method described in the embodiment 2, and measuring the pH value of the soil after culturing for 30 days. The results in fig. 11 and fig. 12 show that the addition of sunflower disc biomass charcoal has a much better effect of increasing the pH of 2 kinds of rice soils than corn stalk charcoal, and shows an excellent effect of improving acidic rice soils.
Claims (9)
1. The sunflower leaves and discs growing on saline-alkali soil are applied to the preparation of the acid soil biomass charcoal modifier.
2. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that the preparation steps are: the harvested leaves and discs of sunflower growing on saline-alkali soil are air-dried and ground, and then are subjected to anaerobic pyrolysis at 400 ℃ to obtain the sunflower seeds.
3. Use according to claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis time is 3 hours.
4. The acid soil biomass charcoal improver is characterized by being rich in alkaline substances and nutrients necessary for potassium-calcium-magnesium crops.
5. The use of the acid soil biomass charcoal improver of claim 4 to reduce the aluminum toxicity of acid soil.
6. The use of the acid soil biomass charcoal improver of claim 4 to increase the pH of acid soil.
7. The use of the acid soil biomass charcoal improver of claim 4 for improving the exchangeable potassium, calcium and magnesium of acid soil.
8. The use of the acid soil biomass charcoal improver of claim 4 for passivating toxic cadmium in acid soil.
9. Use according to any one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that: applying the acid soil biomass charcoal modifier according to 1-3% of the soil weight, uniformly mixing the soil and the acid soil biomass charcoal modifier, adjusting the soil water content to 60% of the field water capacity, and planting crops after one week.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113504344A (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-10-15 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Method and device for evaluating long-acting performance of acid soil conditioner |
| CN114591747A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-06-07 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Surface functional group amplification biomass charcoal and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114871267A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-08-09 | 贵州省植物园 | Soil improvement method for planting dictyophora rubrovolvata in acidic yellow soil |
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| CN106391679A (en) * | 2016-09-20 | 2017-02-15 | 扬州大学 | Sunflower disc-based environmental modification material and preparation method and application thereof |
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2021
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| TH99318A (en) * | 2005-03-15 | 2009-12-09 | Production process of activated charcoal from sunflower seed husk | |
| CN105985784A (en) * | 2016-02-24 | 2016-10-05 | 凤阳徽亨商贸有限公司 | Heavy metal repairing agent for improving ion exchange capacity of soil |
| CN106391679A (en) * | 2016-09-20 | 2017-02-15 | 扬州大学 | Sunflower disc-based environmental modification material and preparation method and application thereof |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113504344A (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-10-15 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Method and device for evaluating long-acting performance of acid soil conditioner |
| CN114591747A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-06-07 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Surface functional group amplification biomass charcoal and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114871267A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-08-09 | 贵州省植物园 | Soil improvement method for planting dictyophora rubrovolvata in acidic yellow soil |
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Inventor after: Xu Renkou Inventor after: Huang Qingyang Inventor after: Sun Jingguo Inventor after: Lu Hailong Inventor after: Jiang Jun Inventor before: Xu Renkou Inventor before: Huang Qingyang Inventor before: Lu Hailong Inventor before: Jiang Jun |