CN113197043A - Method for controlling germination of Chinese yam bulbil - Google Patents
Method for controlling germination of Chinese yam bulbil Download PDFInfo
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- CN113197043A CN113197043A CN202110471420.8A CN202110471420A CN113197043A CN 113197043 A CN113197043 A CN 113197043A CN 202110471420 A CN202110471420 A CN 202110471420A CN 113197043 A CN113197043 A CN 113197043A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/02—Germinating apparatus; Determining germination capacity of seeds or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
- A01N31/02—Acyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with a carbocyclic ring
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N45/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing compounds having three or more carbocyclic rings condensed among themselves, at least one ring not being a six-membered ring
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
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- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a method for controlling germination of Chinese yam bulbil, which comprises the following preparation steps: (1) soaking the harvested yam bulbil for 58-62 days in the mixed solution for 8-16 h; (2) washing with distilled water for 2-3 times, uniformly burying in fine sand, and wetting with distilled water; (3) putting the mixture into a constant temperature environment of 26-28 ℃ for accelerating germination; the mixed solution is a mixture of gibberellin solution and mannitol. According to the production requirements, the yam bulbil is soaked in the mixed liquor with different proportions, and the sprouting of the yam bulbil is controlled, namely the sprouting of the yam bulbil is promoted or the sprouting of the yam bulbil is inhibited.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a method for controlling germination of Chinese yam bulbil.
Background
The yam is a dioscorea plant of the dioscoreaceae family, the underground expanded tuber of the yam contains rich starch, vitamins, protamine and mineral elements such as phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, potassium and the like, the yam has good taste, and the yam is a good nutritional product which is suitable for people of all ages and is not tired of all people. The Chinese yam is usually bred by tubers, the breeding coefficient is low, the production cost is high, the tubers are used for breeding for a long time, viruses are continuously accumulated to cause the seed properties to be degraded, and the improvement of the quality and the yield is seriously influenced. The number of bulbil grown at axilla of the stem and vine of the yam is large, the bulbil is round or oval, the stem is a metamorphosis stem, and the stem can germinate to form a new plant after the dormancy stage is finished. Because the number of bulbil produced by each Chinese yam is large, the propagation coefficient of bulbil as a propagation organ is high, and bulbil as a propagation material, the production cost of Chinese yam can be reduced, the promotion of improved variety is accelerated, the purification and rejuvenation of variety are facilitated, and the problem of sexual degeneration is solved. However, the dormancy period of the bulbil is long, the bulbil is generally harvested from 10 months to 11 months, the seeds can sprout after sprouting from 3 months to 4 months in the next year, and the dormancy period is as long as 4 months to 6 months, so that the timely seeding in the production is limited.
Because the bulbil has small mass, the seed potatoes produced in the first year are small, and the effective seed potato rate is low, the research and development of a method for controlling the germination of the yam bulbil and improving the quality and the yield of the seed potatoes produced in the first year are very necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a method for controlling the germination of yam bulbil, which can solve the problem that the germination of the yam bulbil cannot be controlled according to production needs in the prior art, namely the germination of the yam bulbil is promoted or the germination of the yam bulbil is inhibited.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for controlling germination of yam bulbil comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) soaking the harvested yam bulbil for 58-62 days in the mixed solution for 8-16 h;
(2) washing with distilled water for 2-3 times, uniformly burying in fine sand, and wetting with distilled water;
(3) putting the mixture into a constant temperature environment of 26-28 ℃ for accelerating germination.
In order to control the germination of the yam bulbil or inhibit the germination of the yam bulbil, the mixed solution is a mixture of gibberellin solution and mannitol.
Furthermore, in order to well control the germination of the yam bulbil or inhibit the germination of the yam bulbil, the addition amount of mannitol in the mixed solution is 0.01-0.1% of the volume of the gibberellin solution.
In order to accelerate the germination of the yam bulbil, the concentration of the gibberellin solution in the mixed solution is preferably 0-10 mg/L. The invention prepares the mixed solution by low-concentration gibberellin and mannitol for soaking the yam bulbil, can improve the air and water permeability of the bulbil, relieve dormancy, shorten germination time and improve germination rate.
When the addition amount of mannitol is fixed, the lower the concentration of gibberellin is, the higher the germination rate is within a certain concentration range, and in order to promote the rapid germination of yam bulbil, the mixed solution of the invention preferably has a concentration of gibberellin solution of 1mg/L, and at this concentration, the mixed solution is compatible with mannitol, so that the germination rate of yam bulbil is the highest.
After the common yam bulbels are harvested, dormancy breaking is started after 58-62 days, according to production needs, in order to store yam bulbels for a long time and to sow the yam bulbels after a proper time, germination of the yam bulbels needs to be inhibited, and in order to inhibit germination of the yam bulbels, the gibberellin solution in the mixed solution is preferably 500-1000 mg/L.
In order to obtain better effect of inhibiting germination or promoting germination, the addition amount of mannitol is 0.03% of the volume of gibberellin solution.
In order to better control the germination condition of the yam bulbil, the yam bulbil is preferably soaked in the mixed solution for 10 hours.
In order to promote the germination of the yam bulbil, the gibberellin solution is controlled to be in a low-concentration state when the addition amount of mannitol is constant, when the average weight of the yam bulbil is 2-4g, the germinated yam bulbil is used as a seedling of a yam seed potato, the quality and the yield of the seed potato produced in the first year can be improved, if the average weight of the yam bulbil is lower than 2g, the small-weight yam bulbil is not mature enough, the seed quality is poor, the quality and the yield of the seed potato produced in the first year are not favorably improved, if the average weight of the yam bulbil is larger than 4g, the quality is larger, the seed soaking is not favorably realized, the seed quality cannot be improved, and the quality and the yield of the seed potato produced in the first year are not favorably improved.
According to the invention, the mannitol and the gibberellin are added for compatibility, when the addition amount of the mannitol is fixed, the germination of the Chinese yam bulbil or the germination of the Chinese yam bulbil can be controlled by adjusting the concentration of the gibberellin solution, the high-concentration gibberellin solution can easily inhibit cell division, so that the germination of seeds is inhibited, dormancy is promoted, the secretion of auxin gibberellin cytokinin can be inhibited, and the low-concentration gibberellin solution can promote the elongation and division of plant cells, so that the germination and growth of the seeds are promoted.
In addition, the invention discloses the action mechanism of dormancy and germination of the yam bulbil by researching the action of the mixed solution (the mixture of gibberellin solution and mannitol) on dormancy and germination of the yam bulbil and determining the relation between the concentration change of the gibberellin solution and dormancy release, thereby providing theoretical and technical support for regulating and improving the dormancy of the yam bulbil by adopting a biotechnology means subsequently and promoting the annual supply of the yam.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. by the method, the bulbil can be treated by gibberellin with different concentrations according to production requirements, and when the germination of the yam bulbil is accelerated, the yam bulbil is soaked by adding mannitol and regulating the gibberellin solution with low concentration; and in order to inhibit the germination of the yam bulbil, the concentration of the gibberellin solution is increased.
2. By the method, the yam bulbil with the average weight of 2-4g is selected to germinate into the seedlings under the synergistic compatibility of the low-concentration gibberellin solution and the mannitol, so that the quality and the yield of the seed potatoes produced by the yam bulbil in the first year can be improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the germination of the bulbil portion of yam 105 days after seeding in example 1 (gibberellin solution concentration of 0mg/L) and example 2 (gibberellin solution concentration of 1mg/L) according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the germination of the bulbil portion of yam 105 days after seeding in example 3 (gibberellin solution concentration of 10mg/L) and example 4 (gibberellin solution concentration of 50mg/L) according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the germination of the bulbil portion of yam after 105 days of seeding in example 5 (gibberellin solution concentration of 100mg/L) and example 6 (gibberellin solution concentration of 500mg/L) according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the germination of the bulbil portion of yam after 105 days of sowing in example 7 of the present invention (gibberellin solution concentration: 1000 mg/L).
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
(1) Uniformly harvesting yam bulbil with the average weight of 3g for 60 days, and soaking the yam bulbil in the mixed solution for 10 hours;
(2) washing with distilled water for 3 times, uniformly burying in fine sand, and wetting with distilled water;
(3) putting the mixture into a constant temperature environment of 28 ℃ for accelerating germination;
the mixed solution is a mixture of gibberellin solution and mannitol, the concentration of the gibberellin solution is 0mg/L, and the addition amount of the mannitol is 0.03% of the volume of the gibberellin solution.
Example 2
The difference from example 1 is: the concentration of the gibberellin solution was 1mg/L as in example 1.
Example 3
The difference from example 1 is: the concentration of the gibberellin solution was 10mg/L as in example 1.
Example 4
The difference from example 1 is: the concentration of the gibberellin solution was 50mg/L as in example 1.
Example 5
The difference from example 1 is: the concentration of the gibberellin solution was 100mg/L as in example 1.
Example 6
The difference from example 1 is: the concentration of the gibberellin solution was 500mg/L as in example 1.
Example 7
The difference from example 1 is: the concentration of the gibberellin solution was 1000mg/L as in example 1.
Example 8
The difference from example 2 is: the same as example 2 is true for the above yam bulbil which has a uniform size and an average weight of 2 g.
Example 9
The difference from example 2 is: the same as example 2 is repeated except that the yam bulbil has a uniform size and an average weight of 4 g.
Example 10
(1) Uniformly harvesting yam bulbil with the size of 58 days and the average weight of 3g, and soaking the yam bulbil in the mixed solution for 16 hours;
(2) washing with distilled water for 3 times, uniformly burying in fine sand, and wetting with distilled water;
(3) putting the mixture into a constant temperature environment of 28 ℃ for accelerating germination;
the mixed solution is a mixture of gibberellin solution and mannitol, the concentration of the gibberellin solution is 1mg/L, and the addition amount of the mannitol is 0.01% of the volume of the gibberellin solution.
Example 11
(1) Uniformly harvesting Dioscorea opposita bulbil for 62 days, and soaking Dioscorea opposita bulbil with the average weight of 3g in the mixed solution for 8 hours;
(2) washing with distilled water for 2 times, uniformly burying in fine sand, and wetting with distilled water;
(3) putting the mixture into a constant temperature environment of 26 ℃ for accelerating germination;
the mixed solution is a mixture of gibberellin solution and mannitol, the concentration of the gibberellin solution is 1mg/L, and the addition amount of the mannitol is 0.1% of the volume of the gibberellin solution.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 2 is: the same as example 2 is repeated except that the yam bulbil has a uniform size and an average weight of 1 g.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 2 is: the same as example 2 is repeated except that the yam bulbil has a uniform size and an average weight of 5 g.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 2 is: the concentration of the gibberellin solution was 500mg/L as in example 2.
Test example 1: influence of different gibberellin solution concentrations on germination of Dioscorea opposita bulbil
The Dioscorea opposita bulbels were treated by the methods corresponding to examples 1-7, each treatment using 100 Dioscorea opposita bulbels with uniform size and average weight of 3g, the number of buds were counted each day, and watered at the right time to keep moist, the statistical conditions are shown in Table 1 below, three replicates were set, and the average value was taken.
TABLE 1 statistics of the germination of bulbil treated differently at different times
Note: germination rate (number of germinated bulbil/total number of bulbil × 100%).
As can be seen from Table 1, the low concentration (0, 1, 10mg/L) promotes the germination of Dioscorea opposita, the high concentration (500, 1000mg/L) inhibits the germination of Dioscorea opposita, and the Dioscorea opposita can be treated with different gibberellin concentrations according to the production requirements, specifically, the different gibberellin solution concentrations (corresponding to those in examples 1-7) can partially germinate Dioscorea opposita, as shown in FIGS. 1-4.
Test example 2: influence of quality grade of yam bulbil on quality and yield of seed potatoes produced in the first year
Selecting Chinese yam bulbil with different quality grades, treating the Chinese yam bulbil by the methods of the embodiment 2, the embodiment 8-9 and the comparative example 1-2, selecting a plant with better growth vigor after 60 days of treatment, transplanting the plant to a greenhouse working area of Guangxi academy of agricultural sciences, adopting a single ridge and single row with the row width of 23cm, opening sowing ditches with the depth of 5-7 cm in the middle of the row, sowing according to the row spacing of 10cm, and sowing with the sowing density of 38 grains/m2. Ridging with sowing row center after sowing, wherein the ridge height is about 15cm, each processing corresponds to one working area, and the area of each working area is 10m2And (4) setting three times of repetition, and managing the field management according to the prior art. When the yam seed potatoes are harvested in the first year, 10 representative yam seed potatoes are randomly selected from each working area, and the morphological indexes of the yam seed potatoes in each cell, including the length of tubers, the thickness of tubers and the effective yam seed (the effective yam seed means the mass of yam blocks is not less than 100g), are counted. Measuring the tuber length and the tuber thickness by using a ruler and a vernier caliper respectively; and respectively weighing the total fresh mass of the Chinese yam tubers by using an analytical balance with the precision of 0.1 g.
TABLE 2 influence of Dioscorea opposita bulbil quality grade on seed tuber quality and yield in the first year
| Tuber length/cm | Thickness/mm of tuber | Tuber mass/g | Effective potato rate/%) | |
| Example 8 | 45.6 | 36.6 | 211.8 | 100.0 |
| Example 2 | 49.8 | 38.9 | 248.7 | 100.0 |
| Example 9 | 47.9 | 37.1 | 235.3 | 100.0 |
| Comparative example 1 | 34.3 | 27.6 | 100.6 | 59.6 |
| Comparative example 2 | 33.5 | 28.4 | 110.8 | 62.2 |
| Comparative example 3 | 28.5 | 26.2 | 93.4 | 40.2 |
As can be seen from Table 2, the mixed solution prepared by the cooperative combination of the low-concentration gibberellin solution and the mannitol by the method of the present invention is used for soaking 2-4g of the yam bulbil with the quality grade, such that the quality and the yield of the seed potatoes produced in the first year from the yam bulbil can be improved, and the quality and the yield of the seed potatoes produced in the first year from the yam bulbil with the quality grade less than 2g or more than 4g can not be improved.
The above description is intended to describe in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made within the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for controlling germination of yam bulbil is characterized by comprising the following preparation steps:
(1) soaking the harvested yam bulbil for 58-62 days in the mixed solution for 8-16 h;
(2) washing with distilled water for 2-3 times, uniformly burying in fine sand, and wetting with distilled water;
(3) putting the mixture into a constant temperature environment of 26-28 ℃ for accelerating germination;
the mixed solution is a mixture of gibberellin solution and mannitol.
2. The method for controlling germination of yam bulbil according to claim 1, wherein: in the mixed solution, the addition amount of the mannitol is 0.01-0.1% of the volume of the gibberellin solution.
3. The method for controlling germination of yam bulbil according to claim 2, wherein: the concentration of the gibberellin solution is 0-10 mg/L.
4. The method for controlling germination of yam bulbil according to claim 3, wherein: the concentration of the gibberellin solution is 1 mg/L.
5. The method for controlling germination of yam bulbil according to claim 2, wherein: in the mixed solution, the concentration of the gibberellin solution is 500-1000 mg/L.
6. The method for controlling the germination of the Dioscorea opposita bulbil according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein: the addition amount of the mannitol is 0.03 percent of the volume of the gibberellin solution.
7. The method for controlling germination of yam bulbil according to claim 1, wherein: soaking Dioscorea opposita Thunb in the mixed solution for 10 h.
8. The method for controlling germination of yam bulbil according to claim 3, wherein: the average weight of the yam bulbil is 2-4 g.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101455140A (en) * | 2009-01-09 | 2009-06-17 | 云南农业大学 | Yam bulbil dormancy-breaking germination-accelerating method |
| CN103168589A (en) * | 2013-03-08 | 2013-06-26 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Dormancy breaking method for Chinese yam bulbels |
| CN104521366A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-04-22 | 东北林业大学 | Method for rapid germination of castor bean seeds |
-
2021
- 2021-04-29 CN CN202110471420.8A patent/CN113197043A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101455140A (en) * | 2009-01-09 | 2009-06-17 | 云南农业大学 | Yam bulbil dormancy-breaking germination-accelerating method |
| CN103168589A (en) * | 2013-03-08 | 2013-06-26 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Dormancy breaking method for Chinese yam bulbels |
| CN104521366A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-04-22 | 东北林业大学 | Method for rapid germination of castor bean seeds |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
| Title |
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| 吴道藩等: "保持和提高种子活力处理技术的研究进展", 西南农业学报, no. 03, pages 90 - 93 * |
| 姚东伟等: "种子引发技术研究与应用进展", 上海农业学报, vol. 36, no. 5, pages 153 - 159 * |
| 张晓芳等: "不同种子处理对种子活力的影响", 林业实用技术, no. 08, pages 37 - 39 * |
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