CN113195183A - 用于生产家具板产品的方法 - Google Patents

用于生产家具板产品的方法 Download PDF

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CN113195183A
CN113195183A CN201980084379.XA CN201980084379A CN113195183A CN 113195183 A CN113195183 A CN 113195183A CN 201980084379 A CN201980084379 A CN 201980084379A CN 113195183 A CN113195183 A CN 113195183A
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sheets
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CN113195183B (zh
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弗雷德里克·安德森
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Ikea Supply AG
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27LREMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L5/00Manufacture of veneer ; Preparatory processing therefor
    • B27L5/06Cutting strips from a stationarily- held trunk or piece by a rocking knife carrier, or from rocking trunk or piece by a stationarily-held knife carrier; Veneer- cutting machines
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47BTABLES; DESKS; OFFICE FURNITURE; CABINETS; DRAWERS; GENERAL DETAILS OF FURNITURE
    • A47B96/00Details of cabinets, racks or shelf units not covered by a single one of groups A47B43/00 - A47B95/00; General details of furniture
    • A47B96/20Furniture panels or like furniture elements
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47BTABLES; DESKS; OFFICE FURNITURE; CABINETS; DRAWERS; GENERAL DETAILS OF FURNITURE
    • A47B96/00Details of cabinets, racks or shelf units not covered by a single one of groups A47B43/00 - A47B95/00; General details of furniture
    • A47B96/20Furniture panels or like furniture elements
    • A47B96/205Composite panels, comprising several elements joined together
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27BSAWS FOR WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; COMPONENTS OR ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • B27B15/00Band or strap sawing machines specially designed for length cutting of trunks
    • B27B15/04Band or strap sawing machines specially designed for length cutting of trunks with vertically-guided saw blade
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27DWORKING VENEER OR PLYWOOD
    • B27D1/00Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring
    • B27D1/04Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring to produce plywood or articles made therefrom; Plywood sheets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27MWORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
    • B27M1/00Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching
    • B27M1/02Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching by compressing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27MWORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
    • B27M3/00Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles
    • B27M3/0013Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles
    • B27M3/0026Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles characterised by oblong elements connected laterally
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B21/00Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
    • B32B21/02Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board the layer being formed of fibres, chips, or particles, e.g. MDF, HDF, OSB, chipboard, particle board, hardboard
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B21/00Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
    • B32B21/13Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board all layers being exclusively wood
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B21/00Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
    • B32B21/14Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood board or veneer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/10Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
    • B32B3/14Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by a face layer formed of separate pieces of material which are juxtaposed side-by-side
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/30Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer formed with recesses or projections, e.g. hollows, grooves, protuberances, ribs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47BTABLES; DESKS; OFFICE FURNITURE; CABINETS; DRAWERS; GENERAL DETAILS OF FURNITURE
    • A47B96/00Details of cabinets, racks or shelf units not covered by a single one of groups A47B43/00 - A47B95/00; General details of furniture
    • A47B96/20Furniture panels or like furniture elements
    • A47B2096/208Decorative panels for household appliances
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/022 layers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70Other properties
    • B32B2307/732Dimensional properties
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2479/00Furniture

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Veneer Processing And Manufacture Of Plywood (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Wood Veneers (AREA)
  • Finished Plywoods (AREA)

Abstract

本公开涉及一种生产家具板产品的方法。该方法包括:提供基板(13);通过干燥料板(1)并将该料板(1)锯切成厚度在0.3mm至13mm范围内的贴面板片材(3)来生产一个或多个贴面板片材(3)。该贴面板片材(3)被胶合至基板(13)。

Description

用于生产家具板产品的方法
技术领域
本公开涉及一种用于生产板产品的方法,该方法包括:提供基板;生产一个或更多个贴面板片材;以及将一个或更多个贴面板片材附接至基板。
背景技术
US-5979524-A中指出了生产用于板产品的贴面板的方法的一个示例。在该文献中公开了使用刀由料板切割出贴面板。往复运动使得刀将贴面板的层剥出。
本技术领域的一个普遍问题是如何提供一种更有效的方法并提高产量。
发明内容
因此,本公开的一个目的是提供一种具有改进的效率和/或产量的用于生产板的方法。该目的通过如权利要求1中限定的方法来实现。更具体地,在最初提到的类型的方法中,贴面板片材是通过干燥料板并将料板锯切成厚度tv在0.5mm至1.7mm范围内的贴面板片材来生产的。随后,将贴面板片材胶合至基板。
使用这种方法,贴面板制造变得更加稳定。例如,尝试用刀切割一块包含大的结状物的料板会在料板材料中产生过大的张力,并且在结状物中或结状物附近处可能会产生切割错误、例如厚度变化、或结状物只脱落、在贴面板上留下洞。相反,锯切片材只会将结状物与周围材料一起切断。所示的厚度范围有助于生产稳定的贴面板产品。这使得能够以高产量高效地生产板、即需要丢弃的片材所占百分比较低,因此成本可以是较低的。
锯切能够提供厚度在0.7mm至1.5mm范围内、更优选地在0.8mm至1.3mm范围内的贴面板。然而,0.3mm至1.3mm或0.5mm至1.3mm也被认为是有用的贴面板锯切厚度范围。这导致更高的产量。
优选地,干燥的料板可以具有6%至14%的水分含量、更优选地在8%至12%的范围内的水分含量。
基板可以是从包括以下各项的组中选择的类型:颗粒板、高密度纤维(HDF)板、中密纤维度(MDF)板、定向结构刨花板(OSB)以及中空板。
多个贴面板片材可以并排地附接在基板上。如果是这样,两个相邻的贴面板片材之间的相接部可以可选地朝向基板下压以形成在两个相邻的贴面板片材之间延伸的凹部以提供深度效果。下压可以通过下压滚压工具进行,该下压滚压工具布置成沿着相邻的贴面板之间的相接部滚动并形成下压部。
这种将两个相邻的贴面板片材之间的相接部下压的步骤可以在已经将贴面板片材胶合到基板之后进行。
在将贴面板片材胶合至基板之前,可以将多个贴面板片材彼此附接以形成复合贴面板片材,并且所述将所述一个或更多个贴面板片材胶合至所述基板的步骤可以包括将复合贴面板片材胶合至基板。
基板可以具有第一平坦表面和第二平坦表面,其中,两个平坦表面均设置有贴面板片材。
通常,基板具有5mm至30mm的厚度tb
本公开还考虑了相应的板产品。这种产品包括基板和附接至基板的贴面板的层,其中,贴面板包括厚度在0.5mm至1.7mm范围内的经锯切的片材,其被胶合至基板。产品可以根据上面限定的方法而变化。
附图说明
图1至图3图示了将料板锯切成贴面板片材。
图4至图6图示了贴面板片材的制备和贴面板片材与基板的附接。
图7图示了贴面板片材之间的相接部的处理。
图8图示了能够使用板产品的家具产品的一个示例。
具体实施方式
本公开涉及包括贴面板的家具板产品。几个世纪以来,贴面板一直被用于生产具有高美学品质的家具。此外,与实木相比,贴面板产品具有潜在的结构及成本优势,同时仍能够提供漂亮的木纹表面。
图1至图3示意性地图示了根据本公开的通过料板1来制造贴面板。此处,料板是指原木的纵向切片。
在由原木(未示出)制造之后,将料板1干燥成通常达到根据EN13183-1:2002标准测得的约6%至14%的水分含量、优选8%至12%的水分含量。通常,尽管更大的变化范围能够提供有用的结果,但料板之后可以在30%至60%的相对湿度下储存以提供适用于进一步的生产步骤的料板。无论如何,这与传统的贴面板生产形成对比,传统的贴面板生产通常对原材料进行浇水以促进生产。
料板可以包括任何所需的木材种类、比如橡木、枫木、桦木、松木、山毛榉、胡桃木、云杉、桉树、落叶松等。
在本公开中,通过将料板1锯切成厚度在0.5mm至1.7mm范围、更优选地0.7mm至1.5mm的范围、还更优选地0.8mm至1.3mm的范围内的片材来提供贴面板片材3。0.3mm至1.3mm或0.5mm至1.3mm也被认为是有用的贴面板锯切厚度范围。尽管可能存在变化,但锯切可以通过沿木纤维方向延展的切口进行。在所示的情况下,使用带锯5,但也可以考虑例如具有往复式刀片的锯。在任何情况下,使用本文中的锯切与传统的贴面板生产形成对比,传统的贴面板生产通常使用刀或车床切割贴面板的片材,并且这种切割通常利用在垂直于木材纤维方向的方向上延展的切口进行。
给送装置、比如所示出的辊子7能够用于将料板1给送到带锯5等。
由于使用了锯切,即使是具有相对较大的节状物的木材和其他不规则的木材也可以用作料板。这与传统的贴面板生产形成对比,在传统贴面板生产中,通常选择具有很少节状物的特定选择的木材并且很少选择其他不规则的木材进行贴面板生产,以便提供有效的出产。否则,在试图切断大的结状物时产生的张力可能会产生有缺陷的贴面板片材。这种特定选择的木材可能是昂贵的。因此,本公开允许能够生产相对廉价的具有贴面板的板产品。
此外,这允许能够生产具有更多有趣特征比如结状物9等的贴面板3表面,从而提供生动和吸引人的美学特征。
如图3所示,可以由单个料板1生产大量贴面板片材3。由于带锯能够将几乎任何横截面切割成可用的贴面板片材,因此浪费的材料非常少。
图4至图6图示了贴面板片材的进一步制备和贴面板片材与基板的附接。如果需要,可以通过在贴面板的纵向侧边缘上施加胶水、比如三聚氰胺脲甲醛(MUF)、聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVAc)、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)而将多个贴面板片材3组装成复合贴面板片材11。这种贴面板与传统贴面板相比相对较厚,这是便利的。然后施加附加的贴面板片材3,其侧边缘面向上述被涂胶的侧边缘,从而增加复合贴面板11的面积,如图4和图5所示。
图6图示了将复合贴面板片材11附接在基板13上。如前述的,根据成品板产品的预期用途,基板可以包括不同的材料、比如颗粒板、高密度纤维(HDF)板、中密度纤维(MDF)板、定向结构刨花板(OSB)和中空板。中空板——比如在WO2010/069994、WO2012/048738以及WO2018/004430中所描述的类型的中空板,其包括框架和封围空气的外表面或者泡沫或蜂窝填充的内部空间——是非常轻的,并且可以用作例如橱柜或壁橱的门。另一方面,HDF板更重,但外观更坚固,例如可以用作架子。通常,可以选择在预期的应用中提供低成本和期望技术优势的用于贴面板的基板。例如,中密度纤维(MDF)板或高密度纤维(HDF)板能够以低成本生产、具有任意表面积并且能够在不同的温度和湿度条件下表现稳定。相比之下,另一方面,实木在这种情况下可能会裂开和打卷并且可能是更重的。
如图6所示,复合贴面板片材11可以通过胶合附接至基板13的主表面,但也可以一张接一张地将单个贴面板片材3附接(参见图3)。如果需要,贴面板可以附接至两个主表面、并且也可以附接至边缘表面。
胶15可以例如包括三聚氰胺脲甲醛(MUF)、聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVAc)、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(EVA),并且复合贴面板片材11可以通过压力施加、例如在温度为80℃至120℃且压力为100kPa至500kPa的情况下压靠在基板的主表面上。
可以将贴面板施加至基板13的一个或两个主表面,并且如果需要还可以施加至边缘表面。
可选地,随后可以使用滚压工具19、比如压轮将两个相邻的纵向贴面板片材3边缘处的相接部17朝向基板13下压,如图7示意性地示出的。如果需要,这提供了在两个相邻的贴面板片材之间延伸的凹部25以产生深度效果,使板产品在更大程度上类似于实木。凹部25在图7的横截面中显示在板的底侧。板13的厚度tb和在板13的两个平坦侧上的贴面板3的厚度tv也在图7中示出。
图8示出了制造为本文所描述的家具板产品21的一种可能应用,其中,板产品21形成橱柜23中的门。存在许多可能的其他应用,包括桌子、抽屉柜、书架、抽屉前板、厨房工作台等。
本公开不限于上述示例并且可以在所附权利要求的范围内以不同方式变化和改变。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于生产家具板产品的方法,所述方法包括:
-提供基板(13);
-生产一个或更多个贴面板片材(3);并且
-将所述一个或更多个贴面板片材(3)附接至所述基板(13),
所述方法的特征在于,
-通过以下方式生产所述一个或更多个贴面板片材:
-提供干燥的料板(1);
-将所述干燥的料板锯切成厚度tv在0.3mm至1.3mm范围内的贴面板片材(3);以及
-将所述一个或更多个贴面板片材(3)胶合至所述基板(13)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述锯切提供了厚度在0.5mm至1.3mm范围内、更优选地在0.8mm至1.3mm范围内的贴面板片材(3)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中,所述干燥的料板(1)的水分含量为6%至14%、优选地为8%至12%。
4.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法,其中,所述基板(13)的类型选自包括以下各项的组:颗粒板、高密度纤维板、中密度纤维板、定向结构刨花板以及中空板。
5.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法,还包括将多个贴面板片材(3)并排地附接在所述基板(13)上。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中,两个相邻的贴面板片材(3)之间的相接部(17)被朝向所述基板(13)下压,以形成在所述两个相邻的贴面板片材(3)之间延伸的凹部(25),从而提供深度效果,优选地,通过布置成沿着所述相邻的贴合板(3)片材之间的相接部(17)滚动的下压滚压工具(19)进行下压并形成下压部。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中,将两个相邻的贴面板片材(3)之间的相接部(17)下压的步骤在已经将所述贴面板片材胶合至所述基板(13)之后进行。
8.根据权利要求5、6或7所述的方法,其中,在将所述贴面板片材胶合至所述基板(13)之前,将所述多个贴面板片材(3)彼此附接以形成复合贴面板片材(11),并且所述将所述一个或更多个贴面板片材胶合至所述基板的步骤包括将所述复合贴面板片材胶合至所述基板。
9.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法,其中,所述基板(13)具有第一平坦表面和第二平坦表面,其中,两个平坦表面均设置有贴面板片材(3)。
10.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法,其中,所述基板(13)具有5mm至30mm的厚度tb
11.一种家具板产品,包括基板(13)和附接至所述基板的贴面板的层,其特征在于,所述贴面板包括厚度tv在0.3mm至1.3mm范围内的经锯切的片材(3),所述经锯切的片材胶合至所述基板(13)。
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