CN113171879B - 一种低品位辉钼矿的浮选捕收剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种低品位辉钼矿的浮选捕收剂及其制备方法,将主乳化剂和助表面活性剂按比例混合得到复合乳化剂,将轻柴油、煤油和邻二乙烯苯按比例混合得到复合烃类油,再将复合乳化剂和复合烃类油按比例混合,边搅拌边加水,直至体系内溶液变轻微浑浊为止,停止加水,形成初步微乳液;在超声乳化分散器作用下进一步乳化,即得高稳定性的微乳液。本发明通过引入具有一定极性的双键烃类,提高了浮选捕收剂在辉钼矿极性面上的粘附,强化了辉钼矿极性面疏水性,进而通过微乳化技术,促进弥散性差的捕收剂在水溶液中的分散,获得纳米级的微小油滴,有利于进一步增大油滴与辉钼矿的接触面积和碰撞概率,从而提高微细粒辉钼矿的浮选效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于浮选药剂领域,具体涉及一种低品位辉钼矿的浮选捕收剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
钼矿是国民经济中不可或缺的战略资源,其在航空航天、能源化工、生物技术和食品等领域发挥着重要作用。随着钼矿的开采量规模的不断增大,易选钼矿及单一钼矿等资源逐渐消耗殆尽,钼矿石贫细杂化现象日益严重。辉钼矿是典型的各向异性矿物,具有层状结构,在其单体解离过程中会形成两类晶面:沿层间范德华力断裂的具有疏水性的非极性“表面”和沿层内共价键断裂的具有亲水性的极性“棱面”。
基于钼矿石贫、杂、细的特征,需对矿石细磨才能实现辉钼矿的解离,但解离粒度下限降低,大量亲水“棱”暴露,“棱面”比增大,辉钼矿可浮性显著下降。传统的捕收剂煤油存在捕收能力不足、弥散性差等问题;捕收剂柴油虽然具有较强的捕收能力,但其在矿浆中的弥散性较差,难以改善辉钼矿“棱”面疏水性,导致钼矿浮选效率低。因此,烃类油弥散难和辉钼矿棱的疏水性难以改善严重制约低品位辉钼矿的高效利用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种低品位辉钼矿的浮选捕收剂的制备方法。
本发明的另一目的是提供上述方法制备得到的低品位辉钼矿的浮选捕收剂。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:一种低品位辉钼矿的浮选捕收剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按质量比3:2分别称取主乳化剂和助表面活性剂,混合后制备得到复合乳化剂;
(2)按质量比8:2:1分别称取轻柴油、煤油和邻二乙烯苯,混合后制备得到复合烃类油;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的复合乳化剂和步骤(2)得到的复合烃类油按质量比3:5混合,先搅拌5-10min,然后边搅拌边加入水,直至体系内溶液变轻微浑浊为止,停止加水,形成初步微乳液;
(4)常温下将步骤(3)得到的初步微乳液置于超声乳化分散器中进一步乳化,即得高稳定性的微乳液。
优选的,步骤(1)中所述主乳化剂为曲拉通X-114,所述助表面活性剂为松油醇。
优选的,步骤(2)中所述轻柴油选自下述至少一种:10号轻柴油、0号轻柴油、-10号轻柴油、-20号轻柴油和-35号轻柴油。
优选的,步骤(4)中超声工作频率为20kHz,超声时间为20min。
本发明还提供由上述制备方法制得的低品位辉钼矿的浮选捕收剂。
该捕收剂呈微乳状,粒径小,平均粒度为25.2nm,具有非常好的稳定性。
上述各种原料(成分)的作用说明如下:
(1)煤油、轻柴油:为辉钼矿浮选常用的矿物表面疏水性改善药剂,但存在分散性差,在微细粒辉钼矿棱面难以铺展等问题;
(2)曲拉通X-114:为环保、易降解表面活性剂,其HLB值为12.4,作为主乳化剂,用于烃类油的乳化;
(3)松醇油:为辉钼矿浮选所用起泡剂,在药剂制备过程中用于辅助主乳化剂促进乳化;
(4)邻二乙烯苯:可与辉钼矿棱面结合,用于改善微细粒辉钼矿“棱”的疏水性。
与现有技术相比,本发明通过引入具有一定极性的双键烃类,提高了浮选捕收剂在辉钼矿极性面上的粘附,强化了辉钼矿极性面疏水性,提高捕收剂对辉钼矿表面的润湿改性,进而通过微乳化技术,促进弥散性差的捕收剂在水溶液中的分散,获得纳米级的微小油滴,有利于进一步增大油滴与辉钼矿的接触面积和碰撞概率,从而提高微细粒辉钼矿的浮选效率。
本发明制得的捕收剂油滴粒径在50nm以下,分散性好,外观透明澄清,在高速离心作用下未出现分层现象,稳定性强,将本微乳浮选剂应用于低品位辉钼矿的浮选,有利于提高粗精矿的品位和回收率,提高经济效益。
附图说明
图1为常规捕收剂柴油直接分散在水中的油滴形态图;
图2为本发明的微乳化复合烃类油中的油滴形态图;
图3为常规捕收剂柴油直接分散在水中的油滴粒径分布;
图4为本发明的微乳化复合烃类油中的油滴粒径分布。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例1
一种低品位辉钼矿的浮选捕收剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将曲拉通X-114与松醇油以质量比3:2的比例进行混合制备复合乳化剂;
(2)将0#柴油、煤油和邻二乙烯苯以质量比8:2:1的比例混合制备复合烃类油;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的复合乳化剂和步骤(2)得到的复合烃类油按质量比3:5混合,然后在磁力搅拌器下搅拌10min,搅拌转速为500rpm,边搅拌边缓慢加入水,直至体系内液体变轻微浑浊为止,停止加水;其中各组分的用量为:曲拉通X-114 12.8%,松醇油8.6%,0#柴油25.6%,煤油6.5%,邻二乙烯苯3.2%,水42.9%。
(4)将步骤(3)制备的微乳液进一步在超声乳化分散器中常温乳化20min,超声工作频率为20kHz,得到透明微乳液。
图1是常规捕收剂柴油直接分散在水中的油滴形态,图2为本发明的微乳化复合烃类油中的油滴形态,比较图1、图2可以看出,图1油滴在水中分散不均匀,油滴粒径跨度大;图2中油滴在相同放大倍数显微镜下观察,未发现明显的油滴,说明油滴分散更为微小和均匀。
图3是采用激光粒度仪测定的常规捕收剂柴油分散在水中的油滴粒径分布情况,可以看出测得的平均粒径为83.6μm,图4是采用动态光散射仪测定的本发明微乳液中油滴的粒径分布情况,可以看出测得的平均粒径为23.5nm,相较常规捕收剂柴油在水中分散的油滴粒径降低近3个数量级。
将得到的微乳液在离心机中以3000r/min转速离心10min,微乳液未出现分层现象,表明微乳液稳定性好。
实施例2:钼矿浮选应用具体实例
选用河南某矿低品位矿石,原矿品位0.10%左右,粗选段磨矿细度小于200目占60%。粗选段采用一粗两扫、粗精矿空白精选,中矿顺次返回闭路流程,在起泡剂2号油用量相同的情况下,分别使用煤油、0#柴油、微乳化煤油、微乳化柴油、微乳化煤柴油和本发明的微乳化复合烃类油(实施例1)浮选某钼矿,粗选试验所得结果如表1所示。
表1不同捕收剂的浮选效果
试验结果表明,在磨矿细度、起泡剂用量相同时,微乳化复合烃类油捕收剂所得粗精矿品位和回收率均显著高于其他捕收剂。在相同用量下,添加了邻二乙烯苯的复合烃类油微乳液捕收剂的捕收效果显著高于煤/柴油微乳液,品位和回收率分别提高0.37和5.03百分点,说明邻二乙烯苯强化了捕收剂与微细粒辉钼矿的作用,强化了捕收剂的捕收效能。同时,微乳化复合烃类油捕收剂中煤油、柴油的总含量低于60%,但是在相同药剂用量下表现出更好的捕收效能,说明通过采用微乳化方法来制备乳化剂,可大幅度节省煤油或者柴油的用量,提高浮选性能。
Claims (3)
1.一种低品位辉钼矿的浮选捕收剂,其特征在于,通过以下步骤制备得到:
(1)按质量比3:2分别称取主乳化剂和助表面活性剂,混合后制备得到复合乳化剂;所述主乳化剂为曲拉通X-114,所述助表面活性剂为松醇油;
(2)按质量比8:2:1分别称取轻柴油、煤油和邻二乙烯苯,混合后制备得到复合烃类油;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的复合乳化剂和步骤(2)得到的复合烃类油按质量比3:5混合,先搅拌5-10 min,然后边搅拌边加入水,直至体系内溶液变轻微浑浊为止,停止加水,形成初步微乳液;
(4)常温下将步骤(3)得到的初步微乳液置于超声乳化分散器中进一步乳化,即得高稳定性的微乳液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种低品位辉钼矿的浮选捕收剂,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述轻柴油选自下述至少一种:10号轻柴油、0号轻柴油、-10号轻柴油、-20号轻柴油和-35号轻柴油。
3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种低品位辉钼矿的浮选捕收剂,其特征在于,步骤(4)中超声工作频率为20 kHz,超声时间为20 min。
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