CN113165245B - 用于影响挤出的可塑性变形材料的体积流量的装置 - Google Patents

用于影响挤出的可塑性变形材料的体积流量的装置 Download PDF

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CN113165245B
CN113165245B CN201980062186.4A CN201980062186A CN113165245B CN 113165245 B CN113165245 B CN 113165245B CN 201980062186 A CN201980062186 A CN 201980062186A CN 113165245 B CN113165245 B CN 113165245B
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channel
outlet nozzle
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克里斯托弗·约翰
托比亚斯·索尔斯坦
马丁·考什
约翰内斯·布莱斯
斯特凡·乌尔曼
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Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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Abstract

在用于影响可塑性变形材料的体积流量的装置中，在部件的增材制造期间，将该材料输送到出口喷嘴。存在被布置在挤出单元和出口喷嘴(3)之间的并连接到挤出单元和出口喷嘴(3)的法兰(1)。被设计为从挤出单元开始并结束于出口喷嘴(3)的管道(10)被引入到法兰(1)中。在法兰(1)中，活塞(2)被安装为使得其能够以垂直于管道(10)的纵向轴线的方式旋转并不引导通过管道(10)。在活塞(2)的外侧面上，在通道(10)的区域中形成有至少一个沟槽(2.1)，使得根据活塞(1)的角位置能够将材料(6)通过沟槽(2.1)在出口喷嘴(3)的方向上输送，且/或通过钻孔(8)从旁路喷嘴(5)输送。

Description

用于影响挤出的可塑性变形材料的体积流量的装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于影响挤出的可塑性变形材料的体积流量的装置。在此过程中，可以实现与额外的体积流量控制功能相结合的基于挤出过程的起停功能。
背景技术
根据当前的现有技术，基于挤出的过程遵循连续的程序。由于其特性，这种过程不能在短时间内短期地暂停并随后重新启动，并且这在现有应用中是不必需的，或不是在技术上追求的。
在越来越多地使用的增材制造领域中，基于挤出的方法的使用在可实现的高出料性能的情况下提供了巨大的发展潜力。另一方面，上述过程特性使得不能进行与过程有关的出料暂停。这种情况会导致一系列问题，从不足的部件精度到过度的材料应用，再到部件结构的损坏。因此，基于挤出的3D打印的使用性受到很大程度的限制。
基于挤出的过程的特性代表了增材制造领域中使用的在生产具有复杂内部结构的高质量部件时的高技术障碍。
常规的挤出过程被设计为连续过程，并且不依赖于/被设计为用于短期暂停。因此，在当前可用的系统中未提供相应的功能。
在增材制造领域中，对于当前问题没有可行的解决方案。基于挤出的系统的大多数用户例如通过中断螺杆的旋转来中断材料流，并承受由此产生的过度填充/过度挤出、滞后、瑕疵、线束宽度不一致或尺寸偏差。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是提供用于影响从出口喷嘴排出的挤出的可塑性变形材料的体积流量的选项。
根据本发明，该目的通过具有权利要求1的特征的装置来实现。本发明的有利实施例可以通过从属权利要求中提出的特征来实现。
根据本发明的用于影响在部件的增材制造期间被输送到出口喷嘴(Austrittsdüse)中的挤出的可塑性变形材料的体积流量的装置被布置在挤出单元和出口喷嘴之间，并且法兰(Flansch)连接到挤出单元和出口喷嘴。在法兰中形成有从挤出单元开始延伸到出口喷嘴的通道。出口喷嘴也可以形成在法兰处。
活塞安装在法兰中并且以垂直于通道的纵向轴线的方式旋转并被引导通过通道。在活塞中，在用于输送挤出的可塑性变形材料的通道的区域中形成有钻孔，该钻孔通向旁路通道，旁路通道穿过活塞延伸到旁路喷嘴(Bypassdüse)。
除了钻孔之外，在活塞的外侧面上在通道的区域中还形成有沟槽，该沟槽被布置在与钻孔不同的角度范围内或在钻孔周围被引导，使得在活塞的预定角位置处，挤出的可塑性变形材料可以通过沟槽在出口喷嘴的方向上输送且/或通过钻孔和旁路通道从旁路喷嘴输送。
离开旁路喷嘴的挤出的可塑性变形材料可以返回到挤出单元中，或暂时存储在收集容器中。
因此，活塞可以旋转到特定的角位置，在该角位置处，可以将挤出的可塑性变形材料仅通过沟槽输送，或者在出口喷嘴的方向上通过沟槽和钻孔并同时通过旁路通道和旁路喷嘴输送，或者仅通过钻孔、旁路通道和旁路喷嘴输送。以此方式，能够实现通过前两个选项来影响体积流量，并且能够实现通过后一选项来停止用于制造的挤出的可塑性变形材料的输送。
在活塞的外侧面中，应当在活塞的旋转方向上的至少180°的角度范围内形成有至少一个沟槽。
所述至少一个沟槽可以具有在其整个长度上以阶梯或连续的方式变化的自由横截面，当活塞已经旋转到适当角位置时，通过该横截面可以将挤出的可塑性变形材料输送到出口喷嘴。以此方式，可以实现的是，在活塞旋转期间，能够提供所述至少一个沟槽的相应较长的区域，通过该区域可以将挤出的可塑性变形材料输送到出口喷嘴。由于在沟槽的整个长度上的自由横截面的变化，可以通过活塞的定义旋转来改变可通过沟槽输送的体积流量。在此过程中，所述至少一个沟槽应在大于180°的角度范围内设计。
在活塞的外侧面处，可以在相互偏移的角度范围内形成多个沟槽。以此方式，同样能够通过旋转活塞来影响能够输送到出口喷嘴的体积流量，使得能够将挤出的可塑性变形材料仅通过一个沟槽输送到出口喷嘴，或者同时通过多个沟槽输送到出口喷嘴。
有利地，活塞应连接到可通过开环和/或闭环控制来控制的旋转驱动器。该旋转驱动器可以受到电子控制器的影响，该电子控制器以任何方式用于部件的特定增材制造，以影响或完全停止为制造而输送的挤出的可塑性变形材料的体积流量。
法兰在一侧处连接到挤出单元，该挤出单元包括至少一个可旋转地安装在挤出管中的挤出螺杆。另外，增塑单元可以是挤出单元的组成部分。有利的是，挤出被加热到适当温度的热塑性材料。但是，也可以使用悬浮液或糊剂作为可塑性变形材料，其中可以省去加热。
在本发明中，
-能够启动和停止通过出口喷嘴(或额外的沉积喷嘴)进行的材料排放，以及
-能够调节排出的体积流量。
可以实现以下优点：
-以较短的切换时间中断连续的挤出过程；
-实现启动-停止功能；
-避免材料被夹带到待制造的部件/被夹带在该部件上；
-始终均匀的结构(例如，恒定的线束宽)；以及
-避免在边界区域、狭窄半径或与几何相关的转折点处的过度填充。
具有最大潜力的应用领域是通过基于挤出的方法进行的生成/增材制造，特别是在大型部件结构的情况下。另外，可以考虑在挤出技术的所有领域中使用。例如，本发明还可以与建筑工业中的混凝土3D打印以及食品(巧克力、糊剂或食品泥)的3D打印一起使用。
在下文中将通过示例说明本发明。
附图说明
图1示出了根据本发明的装置的示例的示意性剖视图，该装置处于可影响输送的体积流量的位置。
图2示出了图1所示的示例，在该位置处，挤出的可塑性变形材料到出口喷嘴的输送被中断。
具体实施方式
图1示出了法兰1，该法兰在垂直上侧处连接到挤出单元(未示出)。挤出单元在穿过法兰1的通道10中将挤出的可塑性变形材料6输送到出口喷嘴3(该过程通过箭头示出)。
钻孔以垂直于通道10的纵向轴线的方式形成为穿过法兰1，或者在其中插入中空圆柱体。活塞2可旋转地安装在钻孔中或中空圆柱体中。另外，存在密封件，以防止挤出物泄漏。
从图1中还可看出，在活塞2的外侧面上形成有沟槽2.1，通过该沟槽可以将挤出的可塑性变形材料6输送到出口喷嘴3中以用于增材制造。钻孔8在活塞1的外侧面上也延伸到活塞1的内部，并到达旁路通道9，该旁路通道又通向旁路喷嘴5(参见图2)。
在图1所示的示例中，钻孔8和沟槽2.1被布置为使得沟槽2.1在钻孔8周围以弧形被引导。
在图1所示的活塞2的角位置处，钻孔8不与通道10连通，使得仅能通过沟槽2.1将挤出的可塑性变形材料6输送到出口喷嘴3。
当活塞2以图1未示出的方式旋转到其中可塑性变形材料6也可进入钻孔8中并然后通过旁路通道9和旁路喷嘴5进入收集容器4中的位置时，由挤出单元输送的挤出的可塑性变形材料6的总体积流量的仅一部分通过沟槽2.1被输送到出口喷嘴3，并以此方式可以影响在活塞2的该角位置处被提供以用于制造的挤出的可塑性变形材料6的体积流量。
图2示出了活塞2的如下位置，在该位置处，活塞2已经旋转到其中沟槽2.1不与通道10连通的角位置。因此，在挤出单元和出口喷嘴3之间不存在连接。
从挤出单元输送到通道10的可塑性变形材料被完全输送到钻孔8中，从该钻孔8通过旁路通道9到达旁路喷嘴5，并且在该示例中从该旁路喷嘴5进入收集容器4中，在此该材料可作为废料7暂时存储或重新使用。

Claims (5)

1.一种用于影响挤出的可塑性变形材料的体积流量的装置，所述挤出的可塑性变形材料在部件的增材制造期间被输送到出口喷嘴，所述装置包括法兰(1)，所述法兰被布置在挤出单元和所述出口喷嘴(3)之间并连接到所述挤出单元和所述出口喷嘴(3)，其中，
形成为从所述挤出单元开始直至所述出口喷嘴(3)的通道(10)被引入到所述法兰(1)中，并且
活塞(2)被安装在所述法兰(1)中以便以垂直于所述通道(10)的纵向轴线的方式旋转，并且被引导通过所述通道(10)，并且
在所述活塞(2)中，在所述通道(10)的区域中形成有钻孔(8)，所述钻孔通向旁路通道(9)，所述旁路通道穿过所述活塞(2)延伸到旁路喷嘴(5)，并且
除了所述钻孔8 )之外，在所述活塞(2)的外侧面上，在所述通道(10)的所述区域中还形成有至少一个沟槽(2.1)，所述沟槽被布置在不同于所述钻孔(8)的角度范围内或在所述钻孔(8)周围被引导，使得根据所述活塞(2)的角位置，所述挤出的可塑性变形材料(6)能够通过所述沟槽(2.1)在所述出口喷嘴(3)的方向上输送，且/或通过所述钻孔(8)和所述旁路通道(9)从所述旁路喷嘴(5)输送。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个沟槽(2.1)在所述活塞(2)的旋转方向上的至少180°的角度范围内形成在所述活塞(2)的所述外侧面中。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述沟槽(2.1)具有在所述沟槽的整个长度上以阶梯或连续的方式变化的自由横截面，当所述活塞(2)已旋转到适当的角位置时，通过所述横截面能够将所述挤出的可塑性变形材料(6)输送到所述出口喷嘴(3)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，在所述活塞的所述外侧面处在相互偏移的角度范围内形成有多个所述沟槽。
5.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述活塞(2)连接到能够通过开环和/或闭环控制来控制的旋转驱动器。
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