CN113164608A - 抗病毒剂 - Google Patents
抗病毒剂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113164608A CN113164608A CN202180000841.0A CN202180000841A CN113164608A CN 113164608 A CN113164608 A CN 113164608A CN 202180000841 A CN202180000841 A CN 202180000841A CN 113164608 A CN113164608 A CN 113164608A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- antiviral agent
- active oxygen
- xanthine oxidase
- xanthine
- oxidase inhibitor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Abstract
本发明提供一种新型抗病毒剂。一种将黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂与活性氧除去剂组合而成的抗病毒剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及新型的抗病毒剂。
背景技术
病毒感染症中,对例如流感感染症使用治疗药,但是对于大部分的病毒感染症基本上都要使用疫苗。然而,疫苗制造需要时间和经费,也有可能出现因使用疫苗而导致的过敏性休克等副作用。而且对一部分患者没有效果。一般来说,感染防御很难,治疗方法也很有限(非专利文献1)。
现有技术文献
非专利文献
非专利文献1:日本感染症学会网站等
非专利文献2:J.Biol.Chem.265,14170-14175(1990)
非专利文献3:British Journal of Nutrition,84(S1),S19-S25(2000)
非专利文献4:ACS Omega 5,16292-16298(2020)
非专利文献5:J.Cell Biol.118,227-244(1992)
发明内容
发明要解决的技术问题
本发明的课题在于提供一种利用了全新机制的抗病毒剂。
用于解决技术问题的技术方案
为此,本发明的发明人着眼于人体感染部位的受体或病毒所具有的感染所需蛋白质部分进行研究,结果发现,对于人体感染部位的受体或病毒所具有的感染所需蛋白质部分位置上具有二硫键(S-S键)的病毒、或者对于受体的一部分受S-S键干预的病毒感染症,黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂与活性氧除去剂的并用是有效的,从而完成了本发明。
即,本发明提供如下的发明[1]~[8]。
[1]一种将黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂与活性氧除去剂组合而成的抗病毒剂。
[2]如[1]所述的抗病毒剂,其中,黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂为选自别嘌呤醇、非布司他(Febuxostat)和托匹司他(Topiroxostat)中的1种或2种以上。
[3]如[1]或[2]所述的抗病毒剂,其中,活性氧除去剂为选自还原型硫醇剂、抗坏血酸或其衍生物、生育酚类、虾青素类和类黄酮类中的1种或2种以上。
[4]如[1]~[3]中任一项所述的抗病毒剂,其为含有黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂和活性氧除去剂的抗病毒剂组合物。
[5]如[1]~[3]中任一项所述的抗病毒剂,其为含有黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂的组合物与含有活性氧除去剂的组合物的组合。
[6]黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂与活性氧除去剂的组合用于制造抗病毒剂的使用。
[7]黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂与活性氧除去剂的组合,其用于病毒感染症的预防或治疗。
[8]一种病毒感染症的预防或治疗方法,其特征在于,将黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂与活性氧除去剂组合给药。
发明的效果
本发明的抗病毒剂对于人体感染部位的受体或病毒所具有的感染所需蛋白质部分位置上具有S-S键的病毒、或者对于受体的一部分受S-S键干预的病毒感染症有效。
附图说明
图1表示基于黄嘌呤脱氢酶(XDH)、黄嘌呤(Xanthine)、乳清蛋白成分(Wheyfraction)(成分II)、-SCN、LPO,从XDH向黄嘌呤氧化酶(XO)转化的反应经过。
图2表示图1的反应的示意图。表示黄嘌呤脱氢酶(XDH)和乳过氧化物酶(LPO)两种蛋白、以及由血液提供的硫氰酸根和黄嘌呤脱氢酶的底物(次黄嘌呤或黄嘌呤)共计4者具有从XDH向XO转化的作用。
图3表示黄嘌呤脱氢酶(XDH)和乳过氧化物酶(LPO)两种蛋白、以及由血液提供的硫氰酸根和黄嘌呤脱氢酶的底物(次黄嘌呤或黄嘌呤)共计4者具有从XDH向XO转化的作用。还表示具有阻止细菌繁殖的作用。由图3的a可知,上述4者都存在时,繁殖变慢。图3的b表示在a的虚线时利用OD600得到的繁殖引起的混浊的观察结果。图3中,A表示4者全部存在的体系,B表示没有XDH型酶,C表示没有底物黄嘌呤,D表示没有NaSCN,E表示没有LPO,F表示细菌培养基的情况。均为反映从XDH向XO的转化以及作为其结果的通过4者的共同作用所带来的阻止细菌增殖的证据。
图4表示对于细菌的预计的-SCN作用(形成细菌内蛋白的S-S)防止增殖的作用(上面的图)、和对于病毒的刺突蛋白使大量S-S形成而保持其立体结构的作用(下面的图)。
具体实施方式
本发明的抗病毒剂的有效成分为黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂与活性氧除去剂的组合。
本发明中的黄嘌呤氧化酶包含黄嘌呤氧化酶和黄嘌呤脱氢酶。作为黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂,可以列举选自别嘌呤醇、非布司他和托匹司他中的1种或2种以上,其中更优选为非布司他、托匹司他。
作为活性氧除去剂,可以列举选自还原型硫醇剂、抗坏血酸或其衍生物、生育酚类、虾青素类和类黄酮类中的1种或2种以上。
其中,作为还原型硫醇剂,可以列举还原型谷胱甘肽、还原型半胱氨酸、Co-Q等。
作为抗坏血酸或其衍生物,可以列举抗坏血酸、抗坏血酸脂肪酸酯、抗坏血酸葡糖苷等。作为生育酚类,可以列举生育酚、生育酚乙酸酯、生育酚烟酸酯等。作为类黄酮类,可以列举儿茶素类、花色素苷类、芝麻素等各种来源于植物的多酚类。
本发明的抗病毒剂对于人体感染部位的受体或病毒所具有的感染所需蛋白质部分位置上具有S-S键的病毒、或者对于受体的一部分受S-S键干预的病毒感染症有效。
一般而言,黄嘌呤脱氢酶(XDH)存在于乳腺以及肝脏、肾脏和各种脏器的细胞的细胞质中。已知除乳腺以外,从细胞中仔细提取的液体以脱氢酶型(XDH)的形式存在(非专利文献2)。乳腺中,通过存在的脱氢酶和乳过氧化物酶,并通过从血液提供的黄嘌呤或次黄嘌呤和来自天然物而在机体内通常存在的硫氰酸根离子,4者共存时,以自催化方式从黄嘌呤脱氢酶(XDH)向黄嘌呤氧化酶(XO)转化(图1)。其结果,生成氧代硫氰酸根(-OSCN)。一般而言,已知氧代硫氰酸根对细菌具有抑制其增殖的作用,防止感染(非专利文献3)。
本发明的发明人在分析其细菌感染防御机制的过程中,实验性地发现,黄嘌呤脱氢酶和乳过氧化物酶这两种蛋白、以及从血液提供的硫氰酸根和黄嘌呤脱氢酶的底物(次黄嘌呤或黄嘌呤)共计4者,对于从XDH向XO转化是必须的。检索共同表达该2种蛋白(黄嘌呤脱氢酶和乳过氧化物酶)的细胞,结果确认了在唾液腺、气道粘膜、肺胞上皮细胞和肠道上皮细胞中大量表达,并确认了氧代硫氰酸根在这些细胞中对细菌感染发挥防御作用。作为其机制,认为对于细菌的细胞内的重要蛋白质使S-S键固定,防止细菌增殖。另一方面,检索作为COVID-19的原因病毒的SARS-CoV-2的刺突结构的高级结构,结果确认了存在大量S-S键(主结构域之一为12-14个S-S键:半胱氨酸残基24-28个),保持其立体结构稳定。另一方面,ACE2受体中也存在S-S键,认为其提高与刺突蛋白的亲和度(非专利文献4)。另一方面,已知流感病毒也在感染所需的糖蛋白质中存在重要的S-S键(非专利文献5)。即,对于病毒感染、复制扩增而言,S-S键是必需的。认为上述氧代硫氰酸根的4个提供者对病毒蛋白质的两个或多个半胱氨酸SH基团具有氧化作用,并形成S-S键,从而使病毒复制成为可能。能够阻断4者的提供的,就是从XDH向XO的转化作用以及酶反应(从次黄嘌呤向黄嘌呤氧化酶和从黄嘌呤向尿酸的2步骤反应)的抑制剂,本发明方案进一步通过还原型硫醇的给药,使前者发挥从XDH向XO的转化作用以及上述2步骤的酶活性的抑制,后者通过使还原型硫醇共存而减少作为中间体的氧代硫氰酸根。因此,黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂与还原型硫醇剂等活性氧除去剂的并用给药对病毒感染防御和治疗具有效果。可以认为特别是直接对口腔内或气管内进行清洗或喷雾给药、对于表现胃肠症状的病毒感染症口服给药,对病毒感染防御和治疗具有高效的效果。
本发明的抗病毒剂为将上述黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂与活性氧除去剂组合而成的医药,只要是能够并用这些成分的形态即可。具体而言,可以基于各成分的优选给药形态、给药方案而将各成分分为各自的剂型进行制剂化,也可以整合成一种剂型进行制剂化(即,作为复方制剂进行制剂化),还可以将各制剂整合成适于并用的1个包装进行制造销售,也可以将各制剂分成各自的包装进行制造销售。在将各制剂制成1个包装或制成各自包装的情况下,也能够制成包含记载有黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂与活性氧除去剂的并用给药的使用说明书的试剂盒制剂。其中,“使用说明书”只要是记载有给药量的说明书即可。具体而言,可以例示药品说明书、小册子等。并且,包含使用说明书的试剂盒制剂可以在试剂盒制剂的包装上印刷或添附有使用说明书,也可以在试剂盒制剂的包装内与本发明的抗病毒剂一起附有使用说明书。
在将各成分分为各自不同的剂型进行制剂化的情况下,例如,由于黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂已有作为口服给药制剂的市售品,所以可以直接为该形态,由于活性氧除去剂已有作为口服给药制剂的市售品,所以可以直接为该形态。另一方面,在整合成一种剂型进行制剂化的情况下,可以是含有黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂和活性氧除去剂的医药组合物,例如,如后述那样制成内包有2成分的制剂,也可以是其他剂型。
另外,本发明的抗病毒剂优选为向作为病毒的感染部位的口腔内或气管给药的形态。具体而言,优选为能够对口腔内或气管进行喷雾或涂布的形态、能够对口腔内或气管进行清洗的形态,更优选制成液剂。
本发明的抗病毒剂中的黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂与活性氧除去剂的给药量的比率根据具体的成分而有所差异,但以质量比计优选为1﹕500~500﹕1,更优选为1﹕100~100﹕1。另外,黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂和活性氧除去剂的一日给药量根据具体的成分也有所差异,但优选分别为1mg~1g和1mg~5g。
关于本发明的抗病毒剂的对象病毒,优选为人体感染部位的受体或病毒所具有的感染所需蛋白质部分位置上具有S-S键的病毒,优选为冠状病毒、流感病毒、逆转录病毒(HIV等),特别优选为SARS-CoV-2。
实施例
下面举出实施例进一步详细地对本发明进行说明,但是本发明不受这些实施例的任何限定。
实施例1
XDH催化下述反应:
黄嘌呤+NAD+→尿酸+NADH
XO催化下述反应:
黄嘌呤+O2→尿酸+H2O2(虽然部分生成O2 -,但歧化反应为H2O2)
在LPO存在下通过下述反应生成氧代硫氰酸根。
SCN+H2O2→-OSCN
氧代硫氰酸根以非酶促方式快速进行下述反应。
OSCN+2RSH→RS-SR+-SCN
XDH在NAD+不存在或不足的状态下具有弱的氧化酶活性。若对其添加-SCN、LPO,则通过形成酶内S-S(主要为Cys535、Cys992,次要地为Cys1316、Cys1324)键而加速度地发生从XDH向XO转化。
随着XO增加,-OSCN增加生成,其协同促进从XDH向XO的转化。实际在体外(invitro),在大气压氧和150μM黄嘌呤的存在下表现出弱XO活性的XDH(20nM),在牛奶中的乳清蛋白成分或SCN(5μM)、LPO(1nM)存在下加速度向XO转化,从而XO活性提高。
图1表示跟踪XO活性的反应经过的数据。通过反应,4者全部存在的体系中表现出从XDH向XO的转化。缺少其中一者的体系中,作为XDH的反应体系,表现出线性弱的由XDH生成尿酸。
图2中通过示意图表示2个S-S键的生成部位。2个S-S键均将各自的SH基以535、992、1316、1324的序号表示。
实施例2
作为示出黄嘌呤脱氢酶和乳过氧化物酶两种蛋白、以及从血液提供的硫氰酸根和黄嘌呤脱氢酶的底物(次黄嘌呤或黄嘌呤)共计4者具有阻止细菌繁殖作用的实验,进行了对正常氧下的E.Coli繁殖进行比较的实验。
在1nM LPO、5μM NaSCN、20nM XDH和150μM黄嘌呤中使E.Coli生长。将结果示于图3。
由图3的a可知上述4者都存在时繁殖变得迟缓。图3的b中,示出在a的虚线时,利用OD600得到的繁殖引起的混浊的观察结果。
图3中,A表示4者全部存在的体系,B表示没有XDH型酶,C表示没有底物黄嘌呤,D表示没有NaSCN,E表示没有LPO,F表示仅有细菌培养基(M9基本培养基)的情况。
实施例3
图4中表示对于细菌的预计的-SCN作用(形成细菌内蛋白质的S-S)防止增殖的作用、和对于病毒的刺突蛋白使大量S-S形成而保持其立体结构的作用。
在病毒的受体中存在S-S键的情况下,其结构维持能够提高与刺突蛋白的相互作用亲和性。本发明的黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂与活性氧除去剂的并用给药具有抑制病毒增殖的功能。
Claims (8)
1.一种抗病毒剂,其特征在于:
其为将黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂与活性氧除去剂组合而成的抗病毒剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的抗病毒剂,其特征在于:
黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂为选自别嘌呤醇、非布司他和托匹司他中的1种或2种以上。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的抗病毒剂,其特征在于:
活性氧除去剂为选自还原型硫醇剂、抗坏血酸或其衍生物、生育酚类、虾青素类和类黄酮类中的1种或2种以上。
4.如权利要求1~3中任一项所述的抗病毒剂,其特征在于:
其为含有黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂与活性氧除去剂的抗病毒剂组合物。
5.如权利要求1~3中任一项所述的抗病毒剂,其特征在于:
其为含有黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂的组合物与含有活性氧除去剂的组合物的组合。
6.黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂与活性氧除去剂的组合用于制造抗病毒剂的使用。
7.黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂与活性氧除去剂的组合,其特征在于:
用于病毒感染症的预防或治疗。
8.一种病毒感染症的预防或治疗方法,其特征在于:
将黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂与活性氧除去剂组合给药。
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CN108135964A (zh) * | 2015-06-19 | 2018-06-08 | 分子防御公司 | 谷胱甘肽制剂和使用方法 |
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US20030158213A1 (en) * | 2001-11-16 | 2003-08-21 | Freeman Bruce A. | Xanthine oxidase inhibition as a strategy to alleviate oxidative impairment of vascular function |
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JPH09110699A (ja) * | 1995-10-12 | 1997-04-28 | Senju Pharmaceut Co Ltd | 抗ウイルス剤 |
US20160151469A1 (en) * | 2014-11-30 | 2016-06-02 | Regen BioPharma, Inc. | Immune modulation by tlr activation for treatment of filovirus infections including ebola |
CN108135964A (zh) * | 2015-06-19 | 2018-06-08 | 分子防御公司 | 谷胱甘肽制剂和使用方法 |
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JPWO2022168169A1 (zh) | 2022-08-11 |
EP4289444A1 (en) | 2023-12-13 |
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