CN113156080B - Device and method for simulating influence law of diapir action on hydrate accumulation - Google Patents
Device and method for simulating influence law of diapir action on hydrate accumulation Download PDFInfo
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- CN113156080B CN113156080B CN202110378099.9A CN202110378099A CN113156080B CN 113156080 B CN113156080 B CN 113156080B CN 202110378099 A CN202110378099 A CN 202110378099A CN 113156080 B CN113156080 B CN 113156080B
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- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/041—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for simulating the law of influence of diapir action on hydrate reservoir formation, which comprises a diapir invasion reaction kettle and a simulation accessory, wherein the diapir invasion reaction kettle is used for simulating overlying formation pressure borne by a seabed formation, simulating the temperature and pressure conditions of a natural gas hydrate reservoir, preparing a natural gas hydrate reservoir sample and simulating diapir substance invasion, and the simulation accessory comprises a low-temperature control module, a gas supply module, a liquid supply module, a diapir fluid preparation and supply module, an effective stress loading module and the like; through the special design of the diapir invasion reaction kettle and the diapir fluid preparation and supply module, the simulation of the hydrate formation process under the seabed in-situ condition, the simulation of the influence of the diapir invasion process on the spatial distribution of the hydrate saturation in the hydrate formation, the simulation of the diapir invasion boundary and the control rule of the diapir invasion boundary on the macroscopic physical properties of the hydrate formation and the like are realized, and a basic technical means is provided for quantitatively describing the relationship between the diapir activity and the hydrate dynamic formation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of indoor experimental simulation research of natural gas hydrate geological processes, in particular to a device and a method capable of simulating seabed diapir invasion activities and analyzing the influence of the seabed diapir invasion activities on the dynamic natural gas hydrate accumulation.
Background
The gathering and dynamic evolution process of the hydrate in the sea area is controlled by the background and the construction activity of the area structure, and the fracture, a mud diapir, a mud volcano, a gas chimney and the like have important influences on the hydrate accumulation process. The interpretation result of field measured data shows that the significance of local moving structures such as a mud pit and the like on hydrate accumulation is mainly shown in the following three aspects: firstly, a thick mud source layer developed inside the diapir provides an air source for forming the hydrate; secondly, the structure side wings and the top deposition layer are inclined and cracked in the forming process, and a good channel for upward movement of a deep air source is formed; thirdly, the mud bottom can form local high pressure to promote the formation of hydrate; but also can influence the change of the ground temperature field, thereby influencing the stability of the hydrate formation.
However, the existing explanation of the law of the diapir action and the distribution of natural gas hydrates in the reservoir is limited to qualitative evaluation and lacks of quantitative description. The main reasons are as follows: the current research results are all explained based on the seismic data of the field scale, the fine quantitative characterization of the diapir invasion process is lacked, and the influence rule of the diapir temperature and pressure condition on the dynamic aggregation and dispersion process of the hydrate in different stratums is not clear. In particular, a technical means for quantitatively identifying the relationship between the diapir action and the dynamic distribution of the hydrate from a micro-scale is lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device and a method for simulating the influence rule of diapir action on the sea natural gas hydrate formation to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a basic technical means for quantitatively describing the relationship between diapir action and hydrate dynamic formation.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: a device for simulating the law of influence of diapir action on hydrate reservoir formation comprises a diapir invasion reaction kettle and a simulation accessory connected with the diapir invasion reaction kettle, wherein the diapir invasion reaction kettle is used for simulating overlying formation pressure borne by a seabed formation, simulating the temperature and pressure conditions of a natural gas hydrate reservoir, preparing a natural gas hydrate reservoir sample and simulating diapir material invasion, and is specific:
the diapir invasion reaction kettle comprises a reaction kettle body, wherein a reaction kettle upper end cover and a reaction kettle lower end cover are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the reaction kettle body, a piston container is arranged on the reaction kettle upper end cover, a resistivity tomography measurement insulation board is arranged on the inner side wall of the reaction kettle body, a plurality of temperature probe groups are arranged at different heights in the reaction kettle body, a stratum overlying stress loading plate, a gas splitter plate and a gas chamber are arranged in the reaction kettle body from top to bottom, the stratum overlying stress loading plate is connected with the piston container, the stratum overlying stress loading plate moves up and down in the reaction kettle body under the driving of the piston container, and a high-pressure gas inlet communicated with the gas chamber 8 is arranged at the lower end cover of the reaction kettle; the bottom of the reaction kettle body is provided with a diapir fluid injection hole, the gas splitter plate is provided with a through hole matched with the diapir fluid injection hole, namely, the diapir fluid injection hole penetrates through the lower end cover of the reaction kettle and the gas splitter plate and is sealed with the lower end cover and the gas splitter plate;
the simulation accessory comprises a low-temperature control module, a gas supply module, a liquid supply module, a diapir fluid preparation and supply module, an effective stress loading module and a numerical control center module, wherein the diapir fluid preparation and supply module is connected with a diapir invading reaction kettle through a diapir fluid injection hole, the low-temperature control module is used for maintaining the temperature environment required by hydrate synthesis inside the diapir invading reaction kettle, the gas supply module and the liquid supply module are used for providing and preparing gas and liquid for the diapir invading reaction kettle and the diapir fluid preparation and supply module, and the effective stress loading module is used for applying corresponding stress to an overlying stress loading plate; the numerical control center module realizes parameter control and data recording in the simulation process.
Further, the diapir fluid preparation and supply module comprises a plunger type high-pressure cylinder, a diapir conveying coil, a stirring paddle, a high-pressure cylinder inner core and a gas injection coil are arranged inside the plunger type high-pressure cylinder, a Peltier is arranged on the periphery of the plunger type high-pressure cylinder, the diapir conveying coil extends from the top of the plunger type high-pressure cylinder to the upper part of the high-pressure cylinder inner core, and the gas injection coil extends from the lower part of the high-pressure cylinder inner core to the bottom of the plunger type high-pressure cylinder;
the top of the plunger type high-pressure cylinder is provided with a diapir preparing liquid inlet, an emptying port and a diapir fluid outlet connected with a diapir conveying coil, the bottom of the plunger type high-pressure cylinder is provided with a high-pressure cylinder base, and the high-pressure cylinder base is provided with a stirring paddle driver, a diapir preparing gas inlet and a plunger pushing liquid inlet;
the diapir preparation gas inlet is connected with the gas supply module, the diapir preparation liquid inlet and the plunger push liquid inlet are connected with the liquid supply module, the diapir fluid outlet is connected with the diapir fluid injection hole, and the stirring paddle driver is communicated with the numerical control center module.
Furthermore, the effective stress loading module comprises a pressure tracking pump connected with the piston container, a liquid storage tank and a displacement sensor arranged on the floating stress loading plate, the outlet of the liquid storage tank is connected with the inlet of the pressure tracking pump, the outlet of the pressure tracking pump is connected with the inlet of a loading plunger of the piston container, the effective stress value applied by the overlying stratum is set in the experimental process, the pressure tracking pump is automatically controlled, and the displacement sensor is used for recording the longitudinal displacement of the overlying stress loading plate in real time.
Furthermore, the low-temperature control module comprises a low-temperature water bath system, a water bath cavity wrapped on the periphery of the reaction kettle body and a heat preservation layer wrapped on the periphery of the water bath cavity, and the water bath cavity is connected with the low-temperature water bath system and is mainly used for cooling the reaction kettle system.
Further, the gas supply module comprises a high-pressure methane gas cylinder and a gas flow controller, in the hydrate synthesis stage, an outlet of the gas flow controller is connected with a high-pressure gas inlet on a lower end cover of the reaction kettle, methane is injected into the gas chamber, the methane in the gas chamber penetrates through the porous splitter plate, uniformly and upwards permeates into the sediment, and reacts with water in the sediment to synthesize natural gas hydrate; in the stage of the diapir invasion simulation, the outlet of the gas flow controller is connected with the diapir fluid preparation and supply module, and methane is injected into the diapir fluid preparation and supply module, so that the slurry-water mixture in the diapir fluid preparation and supply module is saturated with methane gas.
Furthermore, the gas splitter plate is formed by pressing a pressure-resistant perforated plate and a permeable and waterproof semipermeable membrane, and a gap formed between the lower part of the gas splitter plate and the inner side wall of the lower end cover of the reaction kettle is an air chamber.
Furthermore, the resistivity tomography measuring insulation board is embedded into the inner side wall of the reaction kettle body in an annular mode, and a plurality of measuring electrodes are arranged on each resistivity tomography measuring insulation board at equal intervals.
The invention also provides a method for simulating the influence rule of diapir action on hydrate accumulation, which comprises the following steps:
step A: preparing a natural gas hydrate simulated reservoir:
(1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) installing a device, measuring the porosity of sediments, uniformly mixing distilled water and the sediments according to a preset natural gas hydrate saturation degree, then filling the sediments into a reaction kettle body in a layered and compacted manner, vacuumizing and cooling;
(2) injecting high-pressure methane gas into the gas chamber, wherein the methane gas uniformly penetrates through the porous splitter plate to synthesize natural gas hydrate in the sediment, testing the temperature change inside the sediment in the hydrate synthesis process, and acquiring the hydrate distribution rule inside the sediment in real time to complete the preparation of the natural gas hydrate simulated reservoir sample;
and B: preparing a diapir simulated fluid:
(1) filling the muddy sediment used for simulation into a plunger type high-pressure cylinder, injecting saline water into the plunger type high-pressure cylinder, and starting a stirring paddle to stir so as to fully mix the saline water and the muddy sediment;
(2) injecting high-pressure methane gas into the plunger type high-pressure cylinder, stirring simultaneously, and heating the mixture in the plunger type high-pressure cylinder; after the fluid inside the plunger type high-pressure cylinder is saturated by methane and the temperature of the fluid reaches a preset temperature value, switching to a diapir invasion simulation step;
and C: and (3) diapir invasion simulation:
(1) adjusting the outlet pressure of the diapir fluid to be equal to the pore pressure of the natural gas hydrate simulated reservoir, and then connecting the diapir fluid preparation and supply module and the diapir invading reaction kettle;
(2) injecting distilled water into the lower part of the plunger type high-pressure cylinder at a constant speed, driving an inner core of the high-pressure cylinder to move upwards, and extruding the diapir simulated fluid into the natural gas hydrate simulated reservoir at a constant speed;
(3) synchronously, recording the temperature data of the internal space of the sediment, the displacement sensor data, the resistivity tomography data and the pore pressure data in the process of the diapir invasion simulation, analyzing the dynamic response characteristics of a hydrate reservoir in the process of the diapir fluid invasion, and stopping the invasion simulation when the injection amount of the diapir simulated fluid reaches a preset value;
step D: simulating the regeneration process of the diapir cold quiescent period hydrate:
closing all valves of the entrance and the exit of the reactor into which the diapir is invaded, continuously observing the change of the temperature, the pressure and the resistivity tomography value in the internal sediment after the diapir is invaded, and recording the longitudinal displacement change condition of the sediment after the diapir is invaded, thereby achieving the purpose of simulating the reformation process of the hydrate of the diapir in the cold quiet period; when all the monitored data are kept stable, ending the diapir cold quiet period simulation;
step E: changing the components of sediments in the natural gas hydrate simulated reservoir, the saturation of the natural gas hydrate, the stress level of the overlying stratum and the injection flow rate parameters of the diapir simulated fluid, and realizing the sensitivity analysis of the influence of the diapir invasion process on the dynamic reservoir formation of the hydrates by repeating the steps A to D.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
the scheme realizes the simulation of hydrate formation process under the seabed in-situ condition, the simulation of the influence of the diapir invasion process on the hydrate saturation spatial distribution in the hydrate reservoir and the simulation of the diapir invasion boundary and the control rule of the diapir invasion boundary on the macroscopic physical properties of the hydrate reservoir by the special design of the diapir invasion reaction kettle and the diapir fluid preparation and supply module:
(1) by the design of the air chamber and the matching of the diapir fluid injection opening, the hydrate distribution in the stratum is known or in a uniform distribution state under the premise of no invasion of the diapir;
(2) applying certain stress to the sediment in the hydrate synthesis process through the overlying stratum loading plate to enable the growth environment of the hydrate to be as close to the effective stress condition of an in-situ stratum as possible, recording the longitudinal expansion/sedimentation value of the sediment in the hydrate growth process by adopting a displacement sensor, and taking the value as the background value of the longitudinal deformation of the sediment in the diapir invasion process; in the process of diapir invasion, the invasion of diapir fluid not only can cause the redistribution of hydrate in sediment, but also can cause the stratum to generate longitudinal displacement, and two functions of the influence of effective stress under a certain buried depth condition in the seabed stratum and the influence of diapir invasion on the longitudinal deformation of the reservoir are considered;
(3) the method adopts the combined inversion of a plurality of layers of resistivity tomography distributed in the longitudinal direction to depict the distribution rule of the diapir fluid in the sediment after the invasion; the layout of the temperature sensors is designed according to a central symmetry mode, the radial heat transfer characteristics in the invasion process of the diapir can be monitored, and the relationship between the hydrate decomposition and resynthesis position and the invasion position of the diapir can be judged;
(4) aiming at the particularity of the diapir fluid, a diapir fluid preparation and supply module is specially designed, mud components are filled into a plunger type high-pressure cylinder in advance, then water is introduced for stirring and air is introduced for saturation, then the movement of an inner core of the high-pressure cylinder is utilized to push the gas-water mud diapir fluid to flow into sediment, the invasion process of the diapir is simulated, and the problem that the conventional liquid conveying pump cannot convey the mud fluid is solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a device for simulating the law of influence of diapir action on hydrate accumulation according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a diapir fluid preparation and supply module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of a layout of a temperature probe block and a resistivity tomography measurement insulator plate according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a side view configuration of a layout of a temperature probe block and a resistivity tomography measurement insulating plate according to an embodiment of the invention;
wherein: 1. a reaction kettle body; 2. an upper end cover of the reaction kettle; 3. a lower end cover of the reaction kettle; 4. resistivity tomography measurement insulation board; 5. a stress loading plate 6, a temperature probe group 7, a gas splitter plate 8 and a gas chamber are covered on the stratum; 9. diapir fluid injection holes; 10-1, a piston container outer cylinder; 10-2, a piston container inner core; 11. the piston container is provided with a displacement sensor; 12. a reaction kettle vent; 13. a high pressure gas inlet; 14. a low temperature water bath system; 15. a water bath cavity; 16. a heat-insulating layer; 17. a high pressure methane cylinder; 18. a gas flow controller; 19. a diapir fluid preparation and supply module; 20-1, 20-2, liquid delivery pump; 21. a data controller; 22. a data acquisition unit; 23. a computer; 24. a pressure tracking pump; 25. a liquid storage tank; 26. a water tank; V1-V9 and a valve; P1-P4 and pressure monitoring points; 19-1, plunger type high pressure cylinder; 19-2, preparing a liquid inlet by a diapir seed; 19-3, a vent; 19-4, a diapir fluid outlet; 19-5 parts of Bordeaux mixture, 19-6 parts of diapir delivery coil pipe; 19-7, a stirring paddle; 19-8, inner core of high pressure cylinder; 19-9, gas injection coil; 19-10 parts of a high-pressure cylinder base; 19-11, a paddle driver; 19-12, preparing a gas inlet by a diapir seed; 19-13, the plunger pushes the liquid inlet.
Detailed Description
In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those described herein, and thus, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
the reactor with the invasion of the diapir comprises a reactor body 1, an upper end cover 2 of the reactor and a lower end cover 3 of the reactor, wherein the upper end cover 2 of the reactor, the lower end cover 3 of the reactor and the reactor body 1 are sealed laterally, a resistivity tomography measurement insulation board 4 is arranged on the inner side wall of the reactor body 1, and a stratum overlying stress loading board 5, a temperature probe group 6, a gas splitter plate 7, an air chamber 8 and a diapir fluid injection hole 9 are arranged in the reactor body 1 from top to bottom; the resistivity tomography measuring insulation plates 4 are embedded into the reaction kettle body 1 in an annular form, 16 or 32 measuring electrodes are arranged on each insulation plate at equal distances, the inner diameter of an annular structure formed by the measuring insulation plates and the measuring electrodes 4 after installation is slightly larger than the drift diameter of the reaction kettle body, so that the damage of later samples during extrusion is prevented, and the plurality of groups of resistivity tomography measuring insulation plates 4 can be arranged at different heights along the longitudinal direction of the reaction kettle body according to the required measuring precision.
With reference to fig. 1, in order to measure the temperature change of different parts of the reservoir during invasion of a diapir, in this embodiment, a plurality of temperature probe sets 6 are arranged in the reaction kettle body 1 at different heights, each temperature probe set 6 is arranged along the diameter direction of the reaction kettle body 1, that is, a plurality of temperature sensors extending from the center to the outer edge of the reaction kettle, with reference to fig. 3 and 4, the present embodiment is illustrated by three temperature probe sets, the arrangement between two longitudinally adjacent temperature probe sets is in an orthogonal manner, and the installation heights of the temperature probe sets 6 and the resistivity tomography measurement insulation plate 4 are not on the same horizontal plane; in addition, the stratum overlying stress loading plate 5 is a pressure-resistant perforated plate with the outer edge slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the reaction kettle body, and the upper part of the stratum overlying stress loading plate 5 is in contact with the bottom of a piston container arranged on the upper end cover 2 of the reaction kettle. The piston container comprises an outer cylinder 10-1 and an inner core 10-2, sliding sealing is adopted between the outer cylinder 10-1 and the inner core 10-2, the outer edge of the outer cylinder 10-1 is matched and sealed with an upper end cover 2 of the reaction kettle, the inner core 10-2 moves upwards or downwards under the hydraulic action, the inner core 10-2 of the piston container is pushed to move downwards by hydraulic pressure in the actual experiment process, and then an overlying stress loading plate 5 on the stratum is pushed to apply effective stress to sediments at the lower part.
A displacement sensor 11 is arranged above the stratum floating stress loading plate 5 and used for measuring the longitudinal displacement of the natural gas hydrate caused by the invasion process of the diapir is measured; the gas splitter plate 7 is formed by pressing a pressure-resistant perforated plate and a gas-permeable and water-impermeable semipermeable membrane, and a gap formed between the lower part of the gas splitter plate 7 and the inner side wall of the lower end cover 3 of the reaction kettle is a gas chamber 8; the center of the gas splitter plate 7 is provided with a through hole which is matched with a diapir fluid injection hole 9. The diapir fluid injection hole 9 penetrates through the lower end cover 3 of the reaction kettle and the gas splitter plate 7 and is sealed with the lower end cover and the gas splitter plate, and the exterior of the diapir fluid injection hole is directly connected with a diapir fluid mixing container (diapir fluid preparation and supply module); the lower end cover 3 of the reaction kettle is provided with a high-pressure gas inlet 13 and is communicated with the gas chamber 8.
The simulation accessory comprises a low-temperature control module, a gas supply module, a liquid supply module, a diapir fluid preparation and supply module, an effective stress loading module and a numerical control center module. The low-temperature control module comprises a low-temperature water bath system 14, a water bath cavity 15 wrapped on the periphery of the reaction kettle body 1 and an insulating layer 16 wrapped on the periphery of the water bath cavity 15, and the low-temperature control module is mainly used for cooling the reaction kettle system so as to maintain a temperature environment required by synthesis of hydrates in the reaction kettle; the gas supply module comprises a high-pressure methane gas bottle 17 and a gas flow controller 18, and is mainly used for supplying high-pressure methane gas to the inside of the reaction kettle and the diapir fluid preparation and supply module; in the hydrate synthesis stage, the outlet of the gas flow controller is connected with a high-pressure gas inlet 13 on the lower end cover 3 of the reaction kettle, methane is injected into a gas chamber 8, the methane in the gas chamber penetrates through the porous splitter plate 7, uniformly and upwards permeates into sediments, and reacts with water in the sediments to synthesize natural gas hydrate; in the stage of the fragmentation invasion simulation, the outlet of the gas flow controller 18 is connected with the fragmentation fluid preparation and supply module 19, and methane is injected into the fragmentation fluid preparation and supply module 19, so that the mud-water mixture in the fragmentation fluid preparation and supply module is saturated with methane gas.
As shown in FIG. 2, the diapir fluid preparation and supply module 19 comprises a plunger type high pressure cylinder 19-1, a diapir preparation liquid inlet 19-2, a vent 19-3 and a diapir fluid outlet 19-4 arranged at the top of the plunger type high pressure cylinder, a Peltier 19-5 arranged at the periphery of the high pressure cylinder, a diapir conveying coil 19-6, a stirring paddle 19-7, a high pressure cylinder core 19-8, a gas injection coil 19-9 arranged inside the plunger type high pressure cylinder, a high pressure cylinder base 19-10 arranged at the bottom of the plunger type high pressure cylinder, a stirring paddle driver 19-11, a diapir preparation gas inlet 19-12 and a plunger pushing liquid inlet 19-13 arranged on the high pressure cylinder base.
The diapir preparation gas inlet 19-12 is connected with a gas flow controller 18, the diapir preparation liquid inlet 19-2 and the plunger pushing liquid inlet 19-13 are respectively connected with liquid delivery pumps 20-1 and 20-2, the diapir fluid outlet 19-4 is connected with the diapir fluid inlet 9 at the bottom of the special reaction kettle, and the stirring paddle driver is communicated with a numerical control center 21.
The mudslide fluid is a water and mud mixture of saturated alkane gas, a conventional liquid delivery pump is difficult to meet the requirement of mud and sand delivery, and a mud pump used on site is not suitable for carrying out an input experiment indoors.
In addition, the diapir fluid is conveyed by the diapir conveying coil pipe in the embodiment, and the following characteristics are mainly considered: (1) the coil pipe extends from the top of the high-pressure cylinder to the upper part of the inner core of the high-pressure cylinder, so that the diapir fluid output from the diapir fluid preparation and supply module is always ensured to be a substance positioned at the lower part in the cylinder, and the defect that the gas in the cylinder is directly injected into a special reaction kettle due to uneven mixing of the gas, mud and water and the upper part layer can be prevented; (2) in the upward movement process of the high-pressure cylinder inner core 19-8, the diapir fluid conveying coil 19-6 is compressed, so that the fluid conveying is not influenced, and the defect of straight pipe conveying of diapir fluid is overcome; the Bohr patch is mainly used for controlling the temperature inside the diapir fluid preparation and supply module, so that the diapir fluid injected into the reaction kettle meets the preset temperature condition.
Correspondingly, the gas inlet on the high-pressure cylinder base and the gas inlet on the high-pressure cylinder inner core are also connected by the gas injection coil 19-9, so that the sealing performance of a gas injection pipeline is not influenced in the process of the up-and-down movement of the high-pressure cylinder inner core.
In particular, as shown in fig. 2, the upper part of the high-pressure cylinder inner core 19-8 is designed to be a concave shape, that is, the upper edge of the high-pressure cylinder inner core 19-8 is provided with an annular protrusion extending upwards to form a groove, the stirring paddle 19-7 is positioned in the groove, so that the stirring paddle can be prevented from touching the top of the high-pressure cylinder during the upward movement of the high-pressure cylinder inner core, and a sliding seal is adopted between the plunger type high-pressure cylinder inner core and the cylinder body.
The effective stress loading module comprises loading plungers 10-1 and 10-2 which are arranged on an upper end cover 2 of the reaction kettle and are in contact with an overlying stress loading plate 5 of the stratum, a displacement sensor 11, a pressure tracking pump 24 and a liquid storage tank 25. The outlet of the liquid storage tank 25 is connected with the inlet of the pressure tracking pump 24, the outlet of the pressure tracking pump 24 is connected with the inlet of the loading plunger, the effective stress value applied by the overlying strata is set in the experiment process, the pressure tracking pump is automatically controlled, and the displacement sensor is used for recording the longitudinal displacement of the overlying stress loading plate in real time.
The numerical control center module mainly comprises a computer 23, a data controller 21 and a data acquisition unit 22, wherein the data controller is mainly used for controlling the injection flow rate and flow of gas, the injection flow rate and flow of liquid and the tracking of the effective stress on the stratum; the data acquisition unit is mainly used for acquiring resistivity tomography data, temperature data and pressure data, and the data of the data acquisition unit and the data controller are finally summarized in the computer 23.
The device provided by the embodiment can simulate the hydrate accumulation process under the seabed in-situ condition; simulating the influence of the invasion process of the diapir on the spatial distribution of the hydrate saturation in the hydrate reservoir; simulating the invasion boundary of the diapir and the control rule of the invasion boundary on the macroscopic physical properties of the hydrate reservoir:
in order to study the influence of a diapir on the hydrate formation process, indoor experiments must first ensure that the hydrate distribution in the formation is known or in a uniform distribution state without invasion of the diapir; the invention realizes the effect through the design of the air chamber and the matching of the diapir fluid injection opening, in the synthesis process of the hydrate, the diapir fluid inlet is closed, so that methane gas uniformly permeates upwards into the sediment and reacts with water in the sediment to generate natural gas hydrate, and the hydrate in the stratum is uniformly distributed on the plane under the condition that the diapir is not invaded as far as possible; the distribution characteristics of the hydrate in the longitudinal direction can be monitored in real time by means of resistivity tomography.
In order to simulate the influence of real seabed diapir invasion on a hydrate distribution mode as much as possible, two functions of the influence of effective stress under a certain burial depth condition in a seabed stratum and the influence of the diapir invasion on longitudinal deformation of a reservoir layer need to be considered in an indoor experiment, in the scheme, an overlying stratum loading plate applies certain stress to sediments in the hydrate synthesis process to enable the growth environment of the hydrates to be as close to the effective stress condition of an in-situ stratum as possible, a displacement sensor is adopted to record the longitudinal expansion/sedimentation value of the sediments in the hydrate growth process, and the value is used as the background value of the longitudinal deformation of the sediments in the diapir invasion process; in the process of diapir invasion, the invasion of diapir fluid not only can cause the redistribution of hydrate in the sediment, but also can cause the formation to generate longitudinal displacement, so that the simulation work needs to be carried out under the condition of constant longitudinal effective stress.
In addition, the invasion of the diapir fluid causes the change of internal structures of the sediment, and a plurality of layers of resistivity tomography combined inversion distributed in the longitudinal direction can be adopted to depict the distribution rule of the diapir fluid in the sediment after the invasion; in addition, the stratum temperature field changed by the invasion of the diapir fluid is a key factor causing the redistribution of the hydrate, so the temperature sensor layout is designed according to the central symmetry mode, the radial heat transfer characteristic in the invasion process of the diapir can be monitored, and the relationship between the decomposition and resynthesis position of the hydrate and the invasion position of the diapir can be judged.
(1) preparing a natural gas hydrate simulated reservoir: and (3) installing a device, measuring the porosity of the sediment, uniformly mixing distilled water and the sediment according to the preset natural gas hydrate saturation, then layering, compacting and filling the sediment into the reaction kettle, vacuumizing and cooling. Injecting high-pressure methane gas into the gas chamber, wherein the methane gas uniformly penetrates through the porous flow distribution plate to synthesize natural gas hydrate in the sediment, testing the temperature change inside the sediment in the hydrate synthesis process by using a temperature sensor array, and acquiring the hydrate distribution rule inside the sediment in real time by using a resistivity tomography testing assembly to complete the preparation of a natural gas hydrate simulated reservoir sample;
(2) preparing a diapir simulated fluid: filling muddy sediments used for simulation into a plunger type high-pressure cylinder in advance, opening a vent to inject saline water into the plunger type high-pressure cylinder, discharging water with the vent, closing a vent valve and a diapir preparation liquid inlet valve, and starting a stirring paddle to stir so as to fully mix water and mud; and injecting high-pressure methane gas into the plunger type high-pressure cylinder, stirring simultaneously, and starting the Boer paste to heat the mixture in the plunger type high-pressure cylinder. After the fluid inside the plunger type high-pressure cylinder is saturated by methane and the temperature of the fluid reaches a preset temperature value, switching to a diapir invasion simulation step;
(3) and (3) diapir invasion simulation: and adjusting the pressure of the diapir fluid outlet and the pore pressure of the natural gas hydrate simulated reservoir to ensure that the pressure levels of the diapir fluid outlet and the pore pressure are equal, and then connecting a valve between the diapir fluid outlet of the diapir fluid preparation and supply module and a diapir fluid injection hole of the reactor into which the diapir fluid intrudes. And (3) pushing the liquid inlet from the plunger to inject distilled water into the lower part of the plunger type high-pressure cylinder at a constant speed, driving the inner core of the high-pressure cylinder to move upwards, and extruding the diapir simulated fluid into the natural gas hydrate simulated reservoir at a constant speed.
Synchronously with the steps, the sediment inner space temperature data, the displacement sensor data, the resistivity tomography data, the pore pressure data and the like in the process of the diapir intrusion simulation are recorded and used for analyzing the dynamic response characteristics of the hydrate reservoir in the process of the diapir fluid intrusion. And stopping intrusion simulation when the injection quantity of the diapir simulated fluid reaches a preset value.
(4) Simulating the regeneration process of the diapir cold quiescent period hydrate: and closing all valves at the inlet and the outlet of the reaction kettle, continuously observing the change of the temperature, the pressure and the resistivity tomography value in the internal sediment after the invasion of the diapir is finished, and recording the longitudinal displacement change condition of the sediment after the invasion of the diapir is finished, thereby achieving the purpose of simulating the hydrate re-accumulation process in the cold quiet period of the diapir. And when all the monitored data are kept stable, the diapir cold quiet period simulation is considered to be finished.
Particularly, in the invention, the sensitivity analysis of the influence of the diapir invasion process on the dynamic reservoir formation of the hydrate can be realized by changing the parameters of the components of the sediments in the natural gas hydrate simulated reservoir, the saturation of the natural gas hydrate, the stress level of the overlying stratum, the injection flow rate of the diapir simulated fluid and the like and repeating the steps (1) to (4).
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the present invention in other forms, and any person skilled in the art may apply the above modifications or changes to the equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention, and any simple modification, equivalent change and change made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical spirit of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A device for simulating the influence law of diapir activity on hydrate formation comprises a diapir invading reaction kettle and a simulation accessory connected with the diapir invading reaction kettle, wherein the simulation accessory comprises a low-temperature control module, a gas supply module, a liquid supply module, a diapir fluid preparation and supply module (19), an effective stress loading module and a numerical control center module (21), the diapir fluid preparation and supply module (19) is connected with the diapir invading reaction kettle, the low-temperature control module is used for maintaining the temperature environment required by hydrate synthesis in the diapir invaded reaction kettle, the gas supply module and the liquid supply module are used for providing gas and liquid required by preparation for the diapir invaded reaction kettle and the diapir fluid preparation and supply module (19), and the effective stress loading module is used for applying corresponding stress to the diapir invaded reaction kettle; the numerical control center module (21) realizes parameter control and data recording in the simulation process, and is characterized in that:
the diapir invasion reaction kettle comprises a reaction kettle body (1), a reaction kettle upper end cover (2) and a reaction kettle lower end cover (3), wherein a piston container is arranged on the reaction kettle upper end cover (2), a resistivity tomography measurement insulation plate (4) is arranged on the inner side wall of the reaction kettle body (1), and a plurality of temperature probe groups (6) are arranged at different heights in the reaction kettle body (1); a stratum overlying stress loading plate (5), a gas splitter plate (7) and a gas chamber (8) are arranged in the reaction kettle body (1) from top to bottom, the stratum overlying stress loading plate (5) is connected with a piston container, and a reaction kettle lower end cover (3) is provided with a high-pressure gas inlet (13) communicated with the gas chamber (8); a diapir fluid injection hole (9) is formed in the bottom of the reaction kettle body (1), and a through hole matched with the diapir fluid injection hole (9) is formed in the gas splitter plate (7);
the diapir fluid preparation and supply module (19) comprises a plunger type high-pressure cylinder (19-1), a diapir conveying coil (19-6), a stirring paddle (19-7), a high-pressure cylinder inner core (19-8) and a gas injection coil (19-9) are arranged in the plunger type high-pressure cylinder (19-1), the diapir conveying coil (19-6) extends from the top of the plunger type high-pressure cylinder (19-1) to the upper part of the high-pressure cylinder inner core (19-8), the gas injection coil (19-9) extends from the lower part of the high-pressure cylinder inner core (19-8) to the bottom of the plunger type high-pressure cylinder (19-1), a high-pressure cylinder base (19-10) is installed at the bottom of the plunger type high-pressure cylinder (19-1), and a diapir preparation gas inlet (19-12) and a plunger pushing liquid inlet (19-9) which are connected with the gas injection coil (19-9) are arranged on the high-pressure cylinder base (19-10) 19-13), a diapir preparation gas inlet (19-12) is connected with a gas supply module, a plunger pushes a liquid inlet (19-13) to be connected with a liquid supply module, and a stirring paddle (19-7) is arranged on a high-pressure cylinder inner core (19-8); distilled water is injected into the lower part of a plunger type high-pressure cylinder (19-1) from a liquid inlet (19-13) pushed by a plunger at a constant speed, an inner core (19-8) of the high-pressure cylinder is driven to move upwards, and a diapir simulated fluid is squeezed into a natural gas hydrate simulated reservoir at a constant speed.
2. The device for simulating the law of influence of diapir action on hydrate formation according to claim 1, wherein: the periphery of the plunger type high-pressure cylinder (19-1) is provided with a Border paste (19-5), the top of the plunger type high-pressure cylinder (19-1) is provided with a diapir preparation liquid inlet (19-2), a vent (19-3) and a diapir fluid outlet (19-4) connected with a diapir conveying coil pipe (19-6);
the high-pressure cylinder base (19-10) is provided with a stirring paddle driver (19-11) connected with the stirring paddle (19-7), the diapir preparation liquid inlet (19-2) is connected with the liquid supply module, the diapir fluid outlet (19-4) is connected with the diapir fluid injection hole (9), and the stirring paddle driver (19-11) is communicated with the numerical control center module (21).
3. The device for simulating the law of influence of diapir action on hydrate formation according to claim 1, wherein: the effective stress loading module comprises a pressure tracking pump (24) connected with the piston container, a liquid storage tank (25) and a displacement sensor (11) arranged on the floating stress loading plate (5), the outlet of the liquid storage tank (25) is connected with the inlet of the pressure tracking pump (24), and the outlet of the pressure tracking pump (24) is connected with the inlet of a loading plunger of the piston container.
4. The device for simulating the law of influence of diapir action on hydrate formation according to claim 1, wherein: the low-temperature control module comprises a low-temperature water bath system (14), a water bath cavity (15) wrapped on the periphery of the reaction kettle body (1) and a heat insulation layer (16) wrapped on the periphery of the water bath cavity (15), and the water bath cavity (15) is connected with the low-temperature water bath system (14).
5. The device for simulating the law of influence of diapir action on hydrate formation according to claim 1, wherein: the gas supply module comprises a high-pressure methane gas cylinder (17) and a gas flow controller (18), and in the hydrate synthesis stage, an outlet of the gas flow controller (18) is connected with a high-pressure gas inlet (13) on a lower end cover (3) of the reaction kettle; in the stage of the fragmentation invasion simulation, the gas flow controller (18) outlet is connected to the fragmentation fluid preparation and supply module (19).
6. The device for simulating the law of influence of diapir action on hydrate formation according to claim 1, wherein: the gas splitter plate (7) is formed by pressing a pressure-resistant perforated plate and a breathable and waterproof semipermeable membrane, and a gap formed between the lower part of the gas splitter plate (7) and the inner side wall of the lower end cover (3) of the reaction kettle is a gas chamber (8).
7. The device for simulating the law of influence of diapir action on hydrate formation according to claim 1, wherein: the resistivity tomography measurement insulating plate (4) is embedded into the inner side wall of the reaction kettle body (1) in an annular form, and a plurality of measuring electrodes are arranged on each resistivity tomography measurement insulating plate (4) at equal intervals.
8. A simulation method of the device for simulating the influence rule of diapir action on hydrate accumulation based on claim 2, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step A: preparing a natural gas hydrate simulated reservoir:
(1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) installing a device, measuring the porosity of sediments, uniformly mixing distilled water and the sediments according to a preset natural gas hydrate saturation degree, then filling the sediments into a reaction kettle body in a layered and compacted manner, vacuumizing and cooling;
(2) injecting high-pressure methane gas into the gas chamber, wherein the methane gas uniformly penetrates through the porous splitter plate to synthesize natural gas hydrate in the sediment, testing the temperature change inside the sediment in the hydrate synthesis process, and acquiring the hydrate distribution rule inside the sediment in real time to complete the preparation of the natural gas hydrate simulated reservoir sample;
and B: preparing a diapir simulated fluid:
(1) filling the muddy sediment used for simulation into a plunger type high-pressure cylinder, injecting saline water into the plunger type high-pressure cylinder, and starting a stirring paddle to stir so as to fully mix the saline water and the muddy sediment;
(2) injecting high-pressure methane gas into the plunger type high-pressure cylinder, stirring simultaneously, and heating the mixture in the plunger type high-pressure cylinder; after the fluid inside the plunger type high-pressure cylinder is saturated by methane and the temperature of the fluid reaches a preset temperature value, switching to a diapir invasion simulation step;
and C: and (3) diapir invasion simulation:
(1) adjusting the outlet pressure of the diapir fluid to be equal to the pore pressure of the natural gas hydrate simulated reservoir, and then connecting the diapir fluid preparation and supply module and the diapir invading reaction kettle;
(2) injecting distilled water into the lower part of the plunger type high-pressure cylinder at a constant speed, driving an inner core of the high-pressure cylinder to move upwards, and extruding the diapir simulated fluid into the natural gas hydrate simulated reservoir at a constant speed;
(3) synchronously, recording the temperature data of the internal space of the sediment, the displacement sensor data, the resistivity tomography data and the pore pressure data in the process of the diapir invasion simulation, analyzing the dynamic response characteristics of a hydrate reservoir in the process of the diapir fluid invasion, and stopping the invasion simulation when the injection amount of the diapir simulated fluid reaches a preset value;
step D: simulating the regeneration process of the diapir cold quiescent period hydrate:
closing all valves of the entrance and the exit of the reactor into which the diapir is invaded, continuously observing the change of the temperature, the pressure and the resistivity tomography value in the internal sediment after the diapir is invaded, and recording the longitudinal displacement change condition of the sediment after the diapir is invaded, thereby achieving the purpose of simulating the reformation process of the hydrate of the diapir in the cold quiet period; when all the monitored data are kept stable, ending the diapir cold quiet period simulation;
step E: changing the components of sediments in the natural gas hydrate simulated reservoir, the saturation of the natural gas hydrate, the stress level of the overlying stratum and the injection flow rate parameters of the diapir simulated fluid, and realizing the sensitivity analysis of the influence of the diapir invasion process on the dynamic reservoir formation of the hydrates by repeating the steps A to D.
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