CN112233524A

CN112233524A - Experimental device and method for simulating composite diapir action of different structural types

Info

Publication number: CN112233524A
Application number: CN202011163689.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 冯军; 童亨茂; 付晓飞; 孙永河; 刘洋; 王海学
Original assignee: Northeast Petroleum University
Current assignee: Northeast Petroleum University
Priority date: 2020-10-27
Filing date: 2020-10-27
Publication date: 2021-01-15
Anticipated expiration: 2040-10-27
Also published as: CN112233524B

Abstract

An experimental device and method for simulating composite diapir action of different structural types. The device comprises a plane table skeleton system, an experiment simulation system, a driving system, an experiment auxiliary system and a control system; wherein, the flat table skeleton system is used for bearing whole experimental facilities, experiment analog system is used for simulating the geological evolution condition that is fit for each work area actual need research, actuating system is used for driving each movable unit, in order to accomplish the sand box physical simulation experiment that accords with the actual research work area structure evolution simulation, experiment auxiliary system, including lighting device and the device of shooing, control system has the computer and observes and controls the module, a lighting device for controlling the laboratory bench lights and extinguishes, the frequency of shooing of the device of shooing and the actuating speed, time, direction and distance of each actuating module in the actuating system. By utilizing the device and the method, the sand box physical simulation experiment of the function of stacking bottom split structures of multiple structural types of gravity sliding structures, stretching structures and squeezing structures can be realized by inclining different inclination angles of the stratum.

Description

Experimental device and method for simulating composite diapir action of different structural types

Technical Field

The invention relates to an experimental device and method applied to the field of petroleum geology and tectogeology research, in particular to a sand box physical simulation experimental device and method which can incline stratums at different inclination angles and realize the function of overlapping bottom splitting structures of multiple structure types such as a gravity sliding structure, an extension structure, an extrusion structure and the like.

Background

The plastic material in the deep portion of the earth's crust migrates upward to its structural action on the overburden, called diapir (diapir) and the structural deformation caused by diapir is called diapir structure. Diapir architecture generated by diapir motion develops extensively in sedimentary basins and is an important type of oil trap. However, the basin evolution is not a product of the first-stage formation but a multi-stage structure movement, and the multi-stage structure movement is combined with a diapir effect to generate different structure combinations, so that the migration, the accumulation and the preservation conditions of oil and gas are influenced greatly. In particular, for a hydrocarbon-bearing basin, after a plurality of construction movements, under the condition of inclined stratum or different construction types (stretching, squeezing or sliding, gravity sliding) and the superposition of diapir action, different construction patterns are generated, and different control effects are exerted on oil and gas.

The tectonic physical simulation experiment is one of the best effective means for researching tectonic movement, and is to reproduce a complex tectonic deformation process and a phenomenon which cannot be observed in a long geological evolution process by using a simple geological model. According to the principle of similarity, geologic bodies undergo different stages, types and degrees of tectonic movement during geologic history, and in late tectonic movement, some new geologic features are generated and early geologic features may be destroyed and reformed. For example: the early stage is stretching structure movement, and the later stage is diapir structure movement, which can cause the early formed pre-existing structure to be transformed by the diapir structure movement in the later stage, so that the early structural characteristics are changed; or the early extrusion movement, the later superimposed diapir structure movement, the research on the transformation effect of the pre-existing extrusion structure; in addition, the study of the inclined stratum in the early stage, the superposition of later-stage different types of structure movement, the influence of the action of the diapir and the gravity slip of the diapir fluid on the inclined stratum is carried out.

The diapir structure develops widely in the oil-gas-containing basin in China, but the following problems exist in the field of simulation experiment devices: the method is characterized in that a great deal of research work is carried out on the diapir structure in the prior art, but a few experimental devices for simulating the diapir structure are relatively simple and have single type, and the existing research requirements are difficult to meet. The most outstanding problem is that the physical simulation experiment of the multi-deformation superposition diapir effect under the condition of complex structure is difficult to satisfy. Secondly, it is difficult to complete the physical simulation of diapir structure in different diapir modes (fluid diapir and mechanical diapir) and diapir styles (single-point type and cross type). In addition, the physical simulation experiment device of the diapir structure in the prior art has single function and can not be deformed in a superposition way; and the structural simulation experiment device can realize multi-period deformation, addition of a pre-existing inclined stratum and later overlapping of a diapir effect without a single sand box physical simulation experiment device.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art, the invention provides an experimental device and a method capable of simulating the composite diapir action of different structure types, and the experimental device and the method can be used for simulating the structure evolution process formed by different properties in a three-dimensional space, different-occurrence pre-existing extrusion or stretching of different shapes, the change of the pre-existing structure characteristics and properties and the induction of a secondary structure phenomenon after the action of the diapir. Or can be firstly subjected to the diapir effect and then extruded, tensioned and inclined. The experimental device can be used for carrying out a structural deformation physical simulation experiment of multi-period extrusion, tension and stratum inclination superposition evolution with different properties, not only can analyze deformation characteristics from a plane, but also can carry out structural deformation characteristics and strength of a stratum under the combined action of stratum inclination with different angles, extrusion with different degrees, tension with different degrees, diapir with different degrees and different properties. In addition, the single effects of the above cases can also be simulated.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the experimental device for simulating the composite diapir action of different structural types comprises a flat table skeleton system, an experimental simulation system, a driving system, an experimental auxiliary system and a control system, and is characterized in that:

the plane table skeleton system comprises an experiment table bearing support 2, an experiment table panel 20 and a table top inclined support frame 19 which are combined to form a rectangular body; one end of the experiment table panel 20 is connected with the experiment table bearing support 2, the connection mode is semi-fixed, namely, the non-connection end of the experiment table panel 20 can rotate relative to the bearing support 2, the other end of the experiment table panel 20 is directly placed on the experiment table bearing support, and one side of the experiment table panel 20, which is not connected with the experiment table bearing support 2, can be lifted or lowered under the action of the platform tilting hydraulic cylinder 3; the table top inclined support frame 19 is used for supporting the inclined end of the table top after the table top is lifted and inclined, and reducing the load borne by the platform inclined hydraulic cylinder 3.

The experimental simulation system comprises a sand box side plate restraint frame 4, sand box side plates 15, sand box side plate connecting rods 5, side plate width adjusting screws 11, a diapir module, an angle ruler 18 and a scraper device 25.

The sand box side plate restraining frame 4 is a right-angle buckle fixer, and the sand box side plate restraining frame 4 is positioned on one side of the sand box side plate 15 and is fixedly connected with the sand box side plate 15 into a whole; one side of the sand box side plate connecting rod 5 is provided with a screw hole the size of which is matched with that of the side plate width adjusting screw 11, the center of the sand box side plate connecting rod 5 is provided with a gap the width of which is matched with the diameter of the side plate width adjusting screw 11 and is used for penetrating through the side plate width adjusting screw 11, and the fixing and the interval adjustment of the sand box side plates 15 are realized through the connection of the side plate width adjusting screw 11 and the sand box side plate connecting rod 5; the sand box side plate restraint frame 4 is connected to the sand box side plate connecting rod 5 through a side plate width adjusting screw 11, the sand box side plate restraint frame 4, the sand box side plate 15 and the sand box side plate connecting rod 5 are connected into a whole through the side plate width adjusting screw 11, and the distance between the sand box side plates 15 is adjusted by changing the position of the adjusting screw 11 on the sand box side plate connecting rod 5.

The angle ruler 18 is installed on the side of the experiment table panel 20 above the platform tilting hydraulic cylinder 3 for indicating the platform tilting angle.

The diapir module comprises a fluid diapir unit and a mechanical diapir unit.

The fluid diapir unit comprises a fluid diapir model 12, a fluid diapir cover plate 13, a fluid diapir device 21 and a fluid conduit 26; the edge of the fluid diapir cover plate 13 is provided with wool tops so as to realize that the experiment table panel 20 does not have gaps and does not leak sand after the fluid diapir model is replaced; the fluid sequestering device 21 comprises an injector with a piston and a stepper motor drive unit that pushes the piston so that the fluid in the fluid sequestering device 21 can be injected through the fluid conduit 26 into the simulated formation.

The mechanical diapir unit comprises a mechanical diapir lifting platform 16, a mechanical diapir model 17 and a gear transmission group 27; the mechanical diapir lifting platform 16 and the gear transmission set 27 form a driving unit of the mechanical diapir unit, and the mechanical diapir model 17 is controlled to ascend or descend towards the simulated stratum by driving the lifting platform to ascend and descend; the fluid bed cover plate 13 is matched in size to the mechanical bed lifting platform 16.

The scraper device 25 comprises a righting plate and a hand-operated lifting sliding table; reinforcing ribs are distributed on the centralizing plate and used for clamping the sand scraping plate to avoid inclination; the hand-operated lifting sliding table is used for continuously adjusting the height of the scraping plate so as to adjust the scraping thickness; the scraper device is arranged on the bracket with the roller.

The driving system comprises push plate mechanisms positioned at two sides of a laboratory bench panel 20, a stepping motor driving unit of a fluid diapir device 21, a mechanical diapir lifting platform 16 and a platform tilting hydraulic cylinder 3; the two side push plate mechanisms comprise a sand box push plate righting rod 6, a push plate motion mechanism righting frame 7, a push plate motion mechanism lead screw 8, a push plate motion mechanism stepping motor 9, a sand box push plate 10 and a sand box push plate supporting plate 14; the push plate mechanism is used for simulating the extrusion, stretching and sliding actions of the stratum; the sand box push plate righting rod 6 connects the push plate motion mechanism righting frame 7 with the sand box push plate supporting plate 14, and then is connected with the sand box push plate 10; the push plate moving mechanism lead screw 8 is parallel to the sand box push plate righting rod 6 through the push plate moving mechanism motor 9, is connected with the push plate moving mechanism righting frame 7 and the sand box push plate supporting plate 14, and then is connected with the sand box push plate 10, so that when the push plate moving mechanism motor 9 operates, the lead screw transmits driving force to enable the sand box push plate 10 to be perpendicular to the side plate and to be attached to an experiment table plate to move.

The stepping motor driving unit of the fluid diapir device 21 is used for providing power for fluid injection; the mechanical diapir lifting platform 16 is used for providing an arching power for the mechanical diapir model 17; the platform tilting hydraulic cylinder 3 is used for driving the experiment platform to tilt the platform on the premise that the platform framework does not displace.

The mechanical diapir elevating platform 16 and the stepping motor driving unit of the fluid diapir device 21 are formed in the same form, and are composed of two polyformaldehyde plates (polyformaldehyde English: POM, thermoplastic crystalline polymer, known as "super steel" or "stainless steel", also known as polyoxymethylene), 4 toothless screws, 2 lead screws and a stepping motor, wherein the 4 toothless screws and the 2 lead screws are fixed on one polyformaldehyde plate, the other polyformaldehyde plate is respectively drilled with 4 holes with smooth inner sides and 2 holes with threads on the inner sides according to the size matched with the sizes of the screw and the lead screw, and then the plate passes through the toothless screws fixed on the polyformaldehyde plate and the other side of the lead screw to be used as a movable plate; 3 gears which have the same axis, are equal in size and are meshed with each other are arranged on one side of the fixed polyformaldehyde plate close to the plate surface of the movable plate to form a gear transmission group 27, wherein the gear at the middle position is connected with a stepping motor, and the gears at two sides are respectively connected with 2 lead screws penetrating through the movable plate, so that when the stepping motor runs, the lead screws are driven to rotate through the gears to drive the movable plate to move, and the positive rotation and the negative rotation of the stepping motor correspond to the rising and the falling of the movable plate; the stepping motor drive units of the mechanical diapir lift table 16 and the fluid diapir device 21 are controlled by separate controllers, respectively.

The experiment auxiliary system comprises an illuminating device 22 and a photographing device 23;

the control system comprises a computer measurement and control module 24, wherein a stepping motor driving unit of the mechanical diapir lifting platform 16 and the fluid diapir device 21, a platform tilting hydraulic cylinder 3, a lighting device 22 and a photographing device 23 are respectively connected to the computer measurement and control module 24, and the motion direction, the motion speed and the displacement of the driving unit, the platform tilting angle, the lighting time, the photographing frequency and the photographing time are controlled in real time through an upper computer interface.

The method for carrying out the experiment by applying the experimental device comprises the following steps:

step one, according to the actual basin size, the size is reduced according to the proportion that 1 centimeter represents 1-10 kilometers, and the size of an experimental model is obtained; selecting simulation experiment materials according to the brittle and tough characteristics of the basin stratum, namely: the brittle stratum is simulated by selecting loose, dry and smooth quartz sand with the particle size ranging from 180um to 150 um; selecting glass beads for simulation of the brittle-tough stratum, wherein the particle size range is 180-150 um; selecting a silica gel simulation for a tough stratum, wherein the viscosity is 60000 pa.s; silica gel with the viscosity of 50000pa s is filled in a fluid diapir device in an experimental device to be used as diapir fluid.

Secondly, determining a structure type to be simulated according to an actual basin fracture plane graph, a topographic contour line three-dimensional characteristic graph and a section structure style graph; the construction types comprise stretching deformation, extrusion deformation and gravity sliding deformation; preparation for later stage superposition of diapir deformation including mechanical diapir and fluid diapir is made.

Thirdly, according to the difference of the structure types to be simulated determined in the second step, different later-stage superposition diapir deformation operations are carried out; that is to say that the first and second electrodes,

if in the second step it is determined that the type of construction to be simulated is stretch-deformation, then the post-compounding diapir deformation is performed as follows: firstly, a flexible rubber is linked through a sand box push plate, a hole is formed in the center of the rubber, then a fluid diapir model is linked through a rubber hole, then according to the thickness of a stratum, a sand stratum is laid in the model according to the experimental material prepared in the first step, a push plate movement mechanism motor is driven to stretch, then a fluid diapir injection device is driven to realize diapir deformation, and if mechanical diapir deformation is carried out, a mechanical diapir device is driven to realize diapir deformation;

if in the second step it is determined that the type of construction to be simulated is extrusion deformation, the post-compounding diapir deformation is carried out as follows: according to the thickness of the ground layer, laying a sand body ground layer in the model according to the experimental material prepared in the first step, and pushing a sand box push plate to squeeze the sand body so as to deform the experimental sand body; after the deformation is finished, the fluid diapir device is driven to realize the deformation of the fluid diapir, and if the mechanical diapir is deformed, the mechanical diapir device is driven to realize the deformation of the diapir;

if in the second step it is determined that the type of construction to be simulated is gravity slip deformation, the post-compounding diapir deformation is performed as follows: according to the thickness of the ground layer, laying a sand body ground layer in the model according to the experimental material prepared in the first step, driving the table top to incline the hydraulic cylinder to lift the experimental table to a certain angle, and generating gravity sliding; after the deformation is finished, the fluid diapir device is driven to realize the deformation of the fluid diapir, and if the mechanical diapir is deformed, the mechanical diapir device is driven to realize the deformation of the diapir.

Fourthly, sending an instruction to a computer measurement and control module in the experimental device by using a computer, controlling a push plate to move forward or backward, adjusting the inclined height of the table top, the speed of the mechanical diapir organ or the speed of the fluid diapir organ, setting the operation time of the experiment, and realizing quantitative recording by using computer software;

in the experimental process, a dust collector is used for sucking away experimental sand bodies to simulate a denudation action process, and sand bodies are added to simulate a deposition action process; photographing and recording at certain time intervals in the experiment process to obtain a plane picture of an experiment stage and paving an experiment mark layer;

in the experimental process, starting a 3D scanner, scanning an experimental result to obtain xyz.dat data, processing by utilizing surfer software to obtain a topographic contour line, and obtaining a scanning digital stereogram; and then shooting the sand body vertically to the experiment by using a camera to obtain an experiment plane result diagram.

Fifthly, spraying a saturated gelatin aqueous solution to the experimental sand body by using a spray can, wherein the gelatin aqueous solution needs to dissolve gelatin into water until the gelatin is saturated; and (3) cutting the experimental sand body at intervals of 1-2 cm by using a sharp cutting knife after the model is soaked and stands for 1-2 hours, observing the internal section phenomenon, and taking a picture of each section to obtain an experimental section picture.

And a sixth step: copying the experimental stage plane photograph, the scanning digital stereo imaging picture, the experimental plane result picture and the experimental section photograph obtained in the fourth step; and comparing the experiment stage plane picture, the scanning digital stereo imaging picture, the experiment plane result picture and the experiment section picture with the basin fracture plane picture, the topographic contour line stereo characteristic picture and the section structure style picture, and if the experiment stage plane picture, the scanning digital stereo imaging picture, the experiment plane result picture and the experiment section picture have consistent similar characteristics, indicating that the experiment simulation process reflects the basin superposition evolution process.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

the method comprises the steps of optimizing experiment types, finishing various types of superposition experiments, generating different superposition structure styles in the experiments, and analyzing the control effect of the models on oil gas. Today's complex formation landscape is not a simple one-phase formation deformation trip. But rather undergo multiple stages of numerous types of architectural transformations.

The device can realize the physical simulation experiment of the extension structure simulation and the superposition of the diapir effect of the geologic body. The deformation of the horizontal tensile structure of the geologic body under the action of horizontal tensile stress or the deformation of the horizontal tensile structure under the action of vertical tensile stress is the stretching structure of the geologic body.

The device can realize the simulation of the extrusion structure of the geologic body and the physical simulation experiment of the superposition of the diapir effect. The deformation of the geologic body caused by horizontal compression stress and caused by shear fracture displacement structure or fold bending deformation is the compression structure of the geologic body. Geological structures such as reverse faults, fold systems, thrust thrusts and the like which are commonly researched are all extrusion structures.

The device can realize the walking and sliding structure simulation of the geologic body and the physical simulation experiment of the superposition of diapir action. The walking and sliding structure is a geologic body structure formed by sliding or moving along a vertical shearing surface of a geologic body in a horizontal direction. The upright shear planes commonly studied have many forms, namely, slip-through zones formed by shear wiggling, and two sets of intersecting slip-through fracture zones caused by zone compression.

The device can realize the gravity sliding simulation of the geologic body and the physical simulation experiment of the superposition of the diapir effect. Gravity-controlled formation requires a "dipping" background, a sloped slip-off surface, a wedge-shaped formation, and movement and deformation mainly in the direction from shore to sea, from high to low.

And secondly, optimizing a diapir mode and a diapir style. The diapir is mainly used for simulating a medium invasion arching experiment in a geological phenomenon. The device optimizes the diapir mode and can realize two modes of a fluid diapir and a mechanical diapir. The fluid diapir can realize constant speed and quantitative control of liquid supply speed, and simulate different spraying states and spraying amount. Meanwhile, the fluid diapir is designed into different diapir styles, such as single-point type and cross type, and can be embodied into different eruption types under different geological pre-existing structural conditions. The mechanical diapir is added, the mechanical column body is accurately controlled to be upwards arched and lifted, and the structural deformation of a rock ring or a mantle substance is simulated under the action of vertical stress to form a lifting structure of a geologic body, which is mainly expressed as the rising or falling of the crust.

And thirdly, the applicability is improved. The device has multiple functions, and can block the ejection port to be integrated with the bottom plate when the diapir simulation is not carried out; can finish other various types of construction physical simulation experiments, and greatly improves the application efficiency of the experimental device.

Description of the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the experimental apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a bottom schematic view of an experimental platform of the experimental apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the experimental apparatus according to the present invention in a certain use state.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a cross fluid diapir model with elastic rubber.

Figure 5 is a schematic representation of a cross fluid diapir model with elastic rubber.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a split fluid diapir model with an elastic rubber.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a central fluid diapir model with elastic rubber.

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a cross fluid diapir model without an elastic rubber.

Figure 9 is a schematic representation of a cross-flow fluid diapir model without an elastic rubber.

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a split fluid diapir model without an elastic rubber.

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a central fluid diapir model without an elastic rubber.

Fig. 12 is a schematic view of the bottom of a fluid bed model.

Figure 13 is a schematic view of a closed centre port fluid diapir model.

FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a mechanical diapir model.

Fig. 15 is a schematic view of a fluid feed back body injection device.

In the figure 1-mechanical diapir lift motor, 2-bearing support, 3-platform tilt hydraulic cylinder, 4-flask side plate restraint frame, 5-flask side plate connecting rod, 6-flask push plate righting rod, 7-push plate motion mechanism righting frame, 8-push plate motion mechanism screw, 9-push plate motion mechanism motor, 10-flask push plate, 11-side plate width adjusting screw, 12-fluid diapir pattern model, 13-fluid diapir cover plate, 14-flask push plate supporting plate, 15-flask side plate, 16-mechanical diapir lift platform, 17-mechanical diapir model, 18-angle scale, 19-table top tilt support frame, 20-table top plate, 21-fluid diapir device, 22-lighting device, 23-photographing device, 24-computer measurement and control module, 25-scraper device, 26-fluid conduit and 27-gear transmission group.

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

the invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the physical simulation experiment device for the sand box mainly comprises a platform skeleton system, an experiment simulation system, a driving system, an experiment auxiliary system and a control system.

Platform skeleton system is used for bearing whole experimental facilities, this skeleton system mainly includes laboratory bench bearing support 2,

deck plate

20 and 19 triplexes of mesa slope support frame, wherein laboratory bench bearing support 2 is 180cm by 4 roots of length, 4 roots of length are 80cm, 4 roots of length constitute jointly for 80 cm's steel material framework, deck plate 20 thickness is 4cm, because the experiment platen is too thin can take place deformation when bearing and covering the load too big, influence the experimental result, so need design experiment table plate thickness enough big, make the platen take place not negligible deformation when covering the load too big in order to avoid the experiment platen. The stainless steel plate is 2m long and 1m wide, and has a rectangular opening of 40cm x 20cm in the middle. The platform frame system of the device is formed by connecting the platform board 20 and the load-bearing support 2, but it should be noted that one side of the platform board is semi-fixed on the load-bearing support, and the other side is flatly placed on the support to be flexibly movable. Specifically, the connection mode realizes that the bedplate can be inclined at one side, and the inclination angle ranges from 0 to 15 degrees, which is designed for simulating the single-side inclination of the stratum. The table top inclined support frame 19 is used for supporting the inclined end of the table top after the table top is inclined, so that the load borne by a power mechanism for pushing the table top to incline is reduced, and the service life of the power mechanism is prolonged.

The experiment simulation system is used for simulating geological evolution conditions suitable for actual research needs of each work area, and provides experiment support for research work. The system mainly comprises a sand box side plate restraining frame 4, sand box side plates 15, sand box side plate connecting rods 5, side plate width adjusting screws 11, a diapir module, an angle ruler 18 and a scraper device 25, wherein the diapir module comprises a mechanical diapir unit and a fluid diapir unit. The sand box side plate constraint frame 4 is a right-angle buckle fixer, a standard screw hole is drilled at one side of the sand box side plate connecting rod of the fixer, namely, after the width adjusting screw 11 passes through, no gap exists between the screw and the screw hole, and 4 sand box side plates 15 are fixed by the device so as not to generate displacement or inclination and bring non-negligible error to the experiment. The sand box side plates 15 are two transparent organic glass plates with the length of 170cm, the width of 2cm and the height of 40 cm. The sand box side plate connecting rod 5 is a steel sheet with the width of 5cm and the length of 80cm, the middle of the steel sheet is provided with a seam strip, the width of the seam strip is the same as the diameter of a standard screw hole of the sand box side plate restraint frame, the length of the seam strip is 75cm and is positioned in the center of the steel sheet, namely, a screw cap is fixed by a side plate width adjusting screw 11 through a hole and a gap of the steel sheet, the sand box side plate connecting rod 5 and the sand box side plate restraint frame 4 are tightly connected, so that the sand box side plate 15 is fixed, the distance between the sand box side plates 15 can be adjusted within an adjustable range at will according to experiment requirements, the adjustable range of the distance between. And a side plate width adjusting screw 11 is a connecting element of the side plate restraint frame 4 and the side plate connecting rod 5. The fluid diapir unit in the diapir module consists of a fluid diapir model 12, a fluid diapir cover plate 13, a fluid diapir device 21 and a fluid conduit 26. The invention designs cross type shown in figure 1, see figure 12 of the fluid diapir model, cross type shown in figure 5, split type shown in figure 6, and center type shown in figure 7. It should be noted that the experimental design is different when stretching or squeezing action is needed to participate in the simulation and when squeezing or stretching action is not needed to participate in the simulation when the diapir simulation experiment is completed, whether the use of the elastic rubber is needed or not is reflected on the experimental equipment, the use of the elastic rubber is needed when the stretching or squeezing is needed to be simulated, otherwise, the use of the elastic rubber is not needed, in the experiment without the use of the elastic rubber, the patterns of the used diapir models have slight differences, when the elastic rubber is not used, the patterns of the models respectively correspond in the following ways, the cross-shaped pattern corresponds to the pattern of figure 8, the cross-shaped pattern corresponds to the pattern of figure 9, the slit pattern corresponds to the pattern of figure 10, and the central pattern corresponds to the pattern. It should be noted that the fluid ejection port is flush with the table when the eraser is not in use, i.e., the pattern model is completely cut inside the table. The fluid diapir device 21 and the fluid conduit 26 are integrated, the fluid diapir device 21 is composed of a large injector and a stepping motor driving unit, the composition structure of the driving unit is consistent with that of the lifting unit of the solid diapir, and the detailed description is provided in the subsequent power system; the fluid conduit 26 is a soft plastic conduit, the inner diameter of which is consistent with the outer diameters of the output port of the fluid diapir device 21 and the diapir connector of the fluid diapir model, and the sealing performance is good after connection; in use, one end is connected to the fluid outlet of the fluid diapir device 21 and the other end is connected to the diapir nozzle as shown in figure 12 and the pattern of each diapir model is the same at the lower part, i.e. the pattern of the diapir nozzle is the same. The device is used for injecting fluid into the stratum to simulate the stratum to be subjected to the diapir effect according to a preset pattern. The outlet of the central hole type fluid low split model plate is additionally described, and the central hole type fluid low split model plate is divided into a separated type outlet and a closed type outlet; closed exit molds, fluid is injected into a thin flexible bag, such as a balloon. The elastic bag is required to have better elastic performance, the model plate and the elastic bag can be connected seamlessly to ensure no fluid leakage, and the model style is shown as figure 13. The fluid diapir cover plate is actually integrated with the fluid diapir model pattern, and the fluid diapir cover plate has one model pattern and one cover plate, and the function of the cover plate is to fix the model pattern at the table top position and make up the preset vacant position of the table plate so as to avoid the gap from interfering the experiment. The mechanical diapir unit in the diapir module is composed of a mechanical diapir lifting platform 16, a mechanical diapir model 17 and a gear transmission group 27. The mechanical diapir raising platform 16 and the gear train 27 are integrated and constructed in accordance with the fluid diapir apparatus stepping motor drive unit, which will be described in the power system, and the mechanical diapir model 17 will be described herein. The mechanical diapir model is mainly divided into two types of a cylindrical diapir and a cylindrical ball diapir, as shown in figure 14, in the experiment, in order to ensure that the mechanical diapir can be compatible with the fluid diapir, the size of a fluid diapir cover plate is matched with that of the mechanical diapir, and a wool top is arranged between the cover plate and a deck plate so as to prevent the experiment from being influenced by the leakage of sand. The angle ruler 18 is used for displaying the inclined angle of the experiment table in real time, so that an operator can conveniently adjust the inclined degree of the platform accurately according to the preset inclined angle, and the experiment precision is improved. The scraper device 25 is made of aluminum alloy, the bracket is of a trolley type, namely, the scraper device is provided with wheels and can stably slide, and the adjustable height range is 0cm-20 cm. The device is provided with a centralizing plate and a hand-operated lifting sliding table, wherein the centralizing plate can clamp the sand scraping plate to avoid inclination; the height of the hand-operated lifting sliding table can be conveniently and continuously adjusted; reinforcing ribs are arranged on the righting plate to avoid insufficient strength caused by too large size; whole sand scraping device installs on the support of taking the gyro wheel, and convenient the removal makes the sand scraping operation more steady to guarantee the effect of scraping sand. The width of the sand scraping plate is 40cm, 60cm and 80cm, and the thickness is 0.5 cm; the scale area ranges from 0cm to 20cm, and the precision is controlled to 1 mm. This design makes when laying quartz sand, glass pearl, and the operation is more convenient, light, great improvement experiment precision and efficiency.

The driving system is used for driving each movable unit so as to complete a sand box physical simulation experiment which accords with the actual research work area structure evolution simulation. The modules of the driving system involved in the equipment are respectively provided with a push plate mechanism on two sides of the experiment table, a fluid diapir device 21 driving unit, a mechanical diapir lifting platform 16 and a platform tilting hydraulic cylinder 3. The push plate mechanisms on two sides comprise 2 sand box push

plate righting rods

6, 2 push plate motion mechanism righting frames 7, 2 push plate motion mechanism lead screws 8, 2 push plate motion

mechanism stepping motors

9, 2 sand

box push plates

10 and 2 sand box push plate supporting plates 14. The sand box push plate righting rod 6 is used for connecting the push plate motion mechanism righting frame 7 with the sand box push plate supporting plate 14, then the whole body is connected with the sand box push plate 10, the push plate motion mechanism screw rod 8 is parallel to the sand box push plate righting rod 6 through the push plate motion mechanism motor 9, the connection mode identical to that of the sand box push plate righting rod 6 is adopted, the push plate motion mechanism righting frame 7 and the sand box push plate supporting plate 14 are connected, then the whole body is connected with the sand box push plate 10, when the push plate motion mechanism motor 9 runs, the sand box push plate 10 is enabled to be perpendicular to the side plate and attached to an experiment table plate to move through screw transmission driving, and an experiment is completed. The mechanical diapir elevating platform 16 and the stepping motor driving unit of the fluid diapir device 21 have the same form, and are composed of two polyformaldehyde plates with the size of 40cm by 20cm, 4 toothless screws with the length of 30cm, 2 lead screws with the length of 30cm and a stepping motor, wherein polyformaldehyde is polyformaldehyde, which is called POM for short, and thermoplastic crystalline polymer, which is known as "ultra steel" or "Seiki steel", and is also called polyoxymethylene. 4 toothless screws with the length of 30cm and 2 lead screws with the length of 30cm are fixed on one formaldehyde plate, the other formaldehyde plate is respectively drilled with 4 holes with smooth inner sides and 2 holes with inner sides matched with the screw threads of the lead screws according to the size matched with the sizes of the screws and the lead screws, and then the plate passes through the toothless screws fixed on the formaldehyde plate and the other side of the lead screws to be used as a movable plate. The design of a movable plate of the fluid diapir device is slightly different from that of a mechanical diapir lifting platform, and the upper end of the fluid diapir movable plate is connected with a piston of a fluid injector and fixed by screws; the upper end of the movable plate of the mechanical diapir lift platform is provided with a movable clamping groove for fixing different mechanical diapir models. The fixed formaldehyde plate is provided with 3 gears which have the same axis, are equal in size and are meshed with each other and are tightly attached to the side of the movable plate to form a gear transmission group 27, wherein the gear at the middle position is connected with a stepping motor, and the gears at two sides are respectively connected with 2 lead screws penetrating through the movable plate, so that when the stepping motor runs, the lead screws are driven to rotate through the gears to drive the movable plate to move, and the positive rotation and the negative rotation of the stepping motor correspond to the rising and the falling of the movable plate. The mechanical diapir 17 is placed on the movable disc, and the action degree of the mechanical diapir is controlled by controlling the stepping motor when the mechanical diapir experiment is carried out. The platform tilting hydraulic cylinder 3 controls the lifting or descending of the tilting end of the connecting experiment table by controlling the positive and negative rotation of the stepping motor, and further controls the tilting degree of the platform. The driving devices of the equipment are respectively controlled by independent control programs, and can be operated and regulated simultaneously or independently.

The experiment auxiliary system is composed of an illuminating device 22 and a photographing device 23. The illumination device 22 uses a soft light flat light source, so that when images at the evolution moment of the structure are photographed and recorded, the images are clearer. The photographing device 23 adopts a visual MV-EM series industrial camera, the series camera has high pixels which can reach 1400 million pixels, the size is small, a more stable and universal kilomega Ethernet network is adopted for transmission, the camera is small in design and low in power consumption, and the image quality is clear and stable. And the computer is connected to a computer, and automatically shoots according to experiment preset parameters by the computer serving as an upper system, wherein the experiment preset parameters comprise shooting frequency and shooting times, and automatically feeds shot images back to an upper interface in real time. According to the design, an experiment operator can shoot a high-definition photo through an upper interface in a manual control mode, and the most needed structural deformation pattern is shot.

The control system is mainly composed of a computer measurement and control module 24, the computer measurement and control module is used for controlling the on-off of the lighting device 22 of the experiment table, the photographing frequency of the photographing device 23 and the driving speed, time, direction and distance of each driving module, all the driving devices are connected to the computer measurement and control module 24, and experiment operators can control the experiment running condition in real time through an operation interface of the computer. All modules controlled by the computer adopt an independent control mode, namely all links can be operated independently or synchronously.

In specific application, the experimental process can be carried out according to the following steps:

firstly, according to the actual scale of the stratum of a research work area, a scale of 1-10 kilometers is expressed according to 1 centimeter, the reduction scale is selected to obtain the size of an experimental model, whether a diapir needs to be used is determined according to the actual work area requirement, and if so, which type and property of diapir needs to be reasonably selected; whether the elastic eraser needs to be used for simulating stretching or extrusion or not, and if so, the structural style of the eraser is reasonably selected; and whether the angle of the platform needs to be adjusted, if the angle needs to be adjusted, the degree needs to be adjusted, and the sand paving is firstly performed or the angle is adjusted firstly. Then, arranging the experiment table according to actual needs.

Secondly, according to the principle of material similarity, the brittle stratum is simulated by selecting loose, dry and smooth quartz sand with the particle size ranging from 180um to 150 um; selecting glass beads for simulation of the brittle-tough stratum, wherein the particle size range is 180-150 um; selecting a silica gel simulation for a tough stratum, wherein the viscosity is 60000 pa.s; silica gel with the viscosity of 50000pa s is filled in a fluid diapir device in an experimental device to be used as diapir fluid. And paving loose white quartz sand, glass beads or silica gel on a preset experimental model according to the simulated actual deposition stratum thickness of the oil-gas-containing basin.

Thirdly, according to the actual needs of the simulation experiment, the running speed, the running direction and the experiment running time of each stepping motor are controlled by a computer, the volume and the speed of the input fluid of the fluid diapir device are controlled, so that the stratum is extruded or tensioned, the inclination of different angles and the diapir of different degrees and properties are realized, and the quartz sand can be continuously added into the experimental body during the deformation period to simulate the same deposition process, or a blower is used for removing a part of the quartz sand to simulate the denudation process; photographing and recording every certain time in the experiment process, automatically photographing through computer modulation parameters, laying a mark layer, stopping equipment when laying the mark layer, and running again after laying is finished;

and fourthly, after the experiment is finished, scanning the result of the experimental stage by using a 3D scanner (3D scanner) to obtain xyz. And a camera is used to be perpendicular to the experimental sand body, and an experimental result picture is shot. And still can spray water to the experimental result sand body with the watering can, make the model soak, wait that the model is stereotyped after, cut the experiment body and observe inside section phenomenon, accomplish the experiment data arrangement according to the photo of taking.

And fifthly, carrying out experiment recording and summarization, and carrying out comparative analysis on a result graph obtained by the experiment and actual basin fracture plane characteristics, terrain three-dimensional characteristics and section characteristics to obtain basin superposition evolution characteristics.

In summary, the experimental device connects the stepping motor with the toothless screw rod, the ladder tooth screw rod and other transmission devices to form a driving system, is fixed on the experimental bench bracket to provide the power for stretching and extruding the baffles at two sides, and then fixes the hydraulic cylinder at the middle of the bracket at the bottom of the inclined end of the platform to provide the power for the inclination of the platform; after the power system is installed, the cover plate pattern of the diapir is selected according to the research requirement and installed at the preset central position of the platform, the included angle required by the platform is adjusted, the elastic rubber sheet for simulating the stretching or extrusion action of the stratum is flatly laid on the platform, the elastic rubber sheet pattern and whether the elastic rubber sheet is laid are specifically determined according to the geological parameters of the simulated work area and the actual requirement of the experiment, the inclination angle change range of the platform is 0-15 degrees, and the stack structure evolution simulation of stretching, extruding and diapir in multiple periods and different degrees can be carried out. Then, experimental materials required by the experiment, such as loose white quartz sandstone, glass beads or silica gel, are laid on the experiment table by using the experimental method provided by the invention; connecting the driving device with a computer, and controlling the movement direction, speed and experiment proceeding time of the baffle plates at the two sides and the inclined end of the experiment table by the computer; if the diapir is in the form of a fluid diapir, the fluid diapir device should also be connected to a computer, the injection speed and time of the fluid diapir being controlled via the upper interface of the computer.

The device and the method can be used for carrying out a sand box physical simulation experiment of the superposition effect evolution of the stretching, extrusion, diapir and stratum inclination of multiple periods in different combination modes of two-dimensional or three-dimensional and different properties, and can realize the sand box physical simulation experiment of the stretching, extrusion, inclined lifting and diapir strength multiple periods superposition of different degrees under the condition of minor change by adjusting the inclination angle of the platform, the speed and frequency of the diapir effect and the speed and direction of the movable plates at two sides in the experiment process, thereby saving experimental equipment and resources to the maximum extent.

Claims

1. The utility model provides an experimental apparatus of compound diapir of simulation different structure types effect, includes flat table skeleton system, experiment analog system, actuating system, experiment auxiliary system and control system, its characterized in that:

the plane table skeleton system comprises an experiment table bearing support (2), an experiment table panel (20) and a table top inclined support frame (19), and the experiment table bearing support, the experiment table panel and the table top inclined support frame are combined to form a rectangular body; one end of the experiment table panel (20) is connected with the experiment table bearing support (2) in a semi-fixed mode, namely, the non-connecting end of the experiment table panel (20) can rotate relative to the bearing support (2), the other end of the experiment table panel (20) is directly placed on the experiment table bearing support, and one side, which is not connected with the experiment table bearing support (2), of the experiment table panel (20) can be lifted or lowered under the action of the platform tilting hydraulic cylinder (3); the table top inclined support frame (19) is used for supporting the inclined end of the table top after the table top is lifted and inclined so as to reduce the load borne by the platform inclined hydraulic cylinder (3);

the experimental simulation system comprises a sand box side plate restraint frame (4), a sand box side plate (15), a sand box side plate connecting rod (5), a side plate width adjusting screw (11), a diapir module, an angle ruler (18) and a scraper device (25);

the sand box side plate restraint frame (4) is a right-angle buckle fixer, and the sand box side plate restraint frame (4) is positioned on one side of the sand box side plate (15) and is fixedly connected with the sand box side plate (15) into a whole; one side of the sand box side plate connecting rod (5) is provided with a screw hole the size of which is matched with that of the side plate width adjusting screw (11), the center of the sand box side plate connecting rod (5) is provided with a gap the width of which is matched with the diameter of the side plate width adjusting screw (11) and is used for penetrating through the side plate width adjusting screw (11), and the sand box side plates (15) are fixed and the distance of which is adjusted by connecting the side plate width adjusting screw (11) with the sand box side plate connecting rod (5); the sand box side plate restraint frame (4) is connected to the sand box side plate connecting rod (5) through a side plate width adjusting screw (11), the sand box side plate restraint frame (4), the sand box side plate (15) and the sand box side plate connecting rod (5) are connected into a whole through the side plate width adjusting screw (11), and the distance between the sand box side plates (15) is adjusted by changing the position of the adjusting screw (11) on the sand box side plate connecting rod (5);

the angle ruler (18) is arranged on the side edge of the experiment table panel (20) above the platform tilting hydraulic cylinder (3) and used for indicating the tilting angle of the platform;

the diapir module comprises a fluid diapir unit and a mechanical diapir unit;

the fluid diapir cell comprises a fluid diapir model (12), a fluid diapir cover plate (13), a fluid diapir device (21) and a fluid conduit (26); the edge of the fluid diapir cover plate (13) is provided with wool tops so as to realize that the experiment table panel (20) has no gap and no sand leakage after the fluid diapir model is replaced; the fluid diapir device (21) comprises an injector with a piston and a stepping motor driving unit, the stepping motor driving unit pushes the piston to enable the fluid in the fluid diapir device (21) to be injected to the simulated formation through a fluid conduit (26);

the mechanical diapir unit comprises a mechanical diapir lifting platform (16), a mechanical diapir model (17) and a gear transmission group (27); the mechanical diapir model (17) is controlled to ascend or descend towards the simulated stratum by driving the lifting platform to ascend and descend, wherein the mechanical diapir lifting platform (16) and the gear transmission set (27) form a driving unit of the mechanical diapir unit; the fluid diapir cover plate (13) is matched with the mechanical diapir lifting platform (16) in size;

the scraper device (25) comprises a righting plate and a hand-operated lifting sliding table; reinforcing ribs are distributed on the centralizing plate and used for clamping the sand scraping plate to avoid inclination; the hand-operated lifting sliding table is used for continuously adjusting the height of the scraping plate so as to adjust the scraping thickness; the scraper device is arranged on the bracket with the roller;

the driving system comprises push plate mechanisms positioned at two sides of a laboratory bench panel (20), a stepping motor driving unit of a fluid diapir device (21), a mechanical diapir lifting platform (16) and a platform tilting hydraulic cylinder (3); the push plate mechanisms on the two sides comprise a sand box push plate righting rod (6), a push plate motion mechanism righting frame (7), a push plate motion mechanism lead screw (8), a push plate motion mechanism stepping motor (9), a sand box push plate (10) and a sand box push plate supporting plate (14); the push plate mechanism is used for simulating the extrusion, stretching and sliding actions of the stratum; the sand box push plate righting rod (6) connects the push plate motion mechanism righting frame (7) with the sand box push plate supporting plate (14), and then is connected with the sand box push plate (10); a screw rod (8) of the push plate movement mechanism is parallel to the sand box push plate centering rod (6) through a push plate movement mechanism motor (9), is connected with a push plate movement mechanism centering frame (7) and a sand box push plate supporting plate (14), and is then connected with a sand box push plate (10), so that when the push plate movement mechanism motor (9) operates, the screw rod transmits driving force to enable the sand box push plate (10) to be perpendicular to the side plate and to be attached to an experiment table plate to move;

the stepping motor driving unit of the fluid diapir device (21) is used for providing power for fluid injection; the mechanical diapir organ lifting platform (16) is used for providing an arching power for the mechanical diapir organ model (17); the platform tilting hydraulic cylinder (3) is used for driving the experiment platform to tilt on the premise that the platform framework does not displace;

the mechanical diapir lifting platform (16) and the stepping motor driving unit of the fluid diapir device (21) have the same form, and comprise two polyformaldehyde plates, 4 toothless screw rods, 2 lead screws and a stepping motor; 4 toothless screws and 2 lead screws are fixed on one polyformaldehyde plate, the other polyformaldehyde plate is respectively drilled with 4 holes with smooth inner sides and 2 holes with inner sides matched with the lead screw threads according to the size matched with the sizes of the screws and the lead screws, and then the plate passes through the toothless screws fixed on the polyformaldehyde plate and the other side of the lead screw to be used as a movable plate;

3 gears which have the same axis, are equal in size and are meshed with each other are arranged on one side of the fixed polyformaldehyde plate close to the plate surface and face the movable plate to form a gear transmission set (27), a gear in the middle of the gear transmission set (27) is connected with a stepping motor, and gears on two sides are respectively connected with 2 lead screws penetrating through the movable plate, so that when the stepping motor operates, the lead screws are driven to rotate through the gears to drive the movable plate to move; the positive and negative rotation of the stepping motor corresponds to the rising and falling of the movable plate; the stepping motor driving units of the mechanical diapir lifting platform (16) and the fluid diapir device (21) are respectively controlled by independent controllers;

the experiment auxiliary system comprises an illuminating device (22) and a photographing device (23);

the control system comprises a computer measurement and control module (24), wherein a stepping motor driving unit, a platform tilting hydraulic cylinder (3), a lighting device (22) and a photographing device (23) of a mechanical diapir lifting platform (16) and a fluid diapir device (21) are respectively connected onto the computer measurement and control module (24), and the movement direction, the movement speed and the displacement of the driving unit, the platform tilting angle, the lighting time, the photographing frequency and the photographing time are controlled in real time through a computer upper interface.

2. An experimental method for simulating the composite diapir action of different structural types comprises the following steps:

step one, according to the actual basin size, the size is reduced according to the proportion that 1 centimeter represents 1-10 kilometers, and the size of an experimental model is obtained; selecting simulation experiment materials according to the brittle and tough characteristics of the basin stratum, namely: the brittle stratum is simulated by selecting loose, dry and smooth quartz sand with the particle size ranging from 180um to 150 um; selecting glass beads for simulation of the brittle-tough stratum, wherein the particle size range is 180-150 um; selecting a silica gel simulation for a tough stratum, wherein the viscosity is 60000 pa.s; silica gel with the viscosity of 50000pa & s is filled in a fluid diapir device in an experimental device to be used as diapir fluid;

secondly, determining a structure type to be simulated according to an actual basin fracture plane graph, a topographic contour line three-dimensional characteristic graph and a section structure style graph; the construction types comprise stretching deformation, extrusion deformation and gravity sliding deformation; preparing for later-stage superposition of diapir deformation, wherein the diapir deformation comprises a mechanical diapir and a fluid diapir;

if in the second step it is determined that the type of construction to be simulated is gravity slip deformation, the post-compounding diapir deformation is performed as follows: according to the thickness of the ground layer, laying a sand body ground layer in the model according to the experimental material prepared in the first step, driving the table top to incline the hydraulic cylinder to lift the experimental table to a certain angle, and generating gravity sliding; after the deformation is finished, the fluid diapir device is driven to realize the deformation of the fluid diapir, and if the mechanical diapir is deformed, the mechanical diapir device is driven to realize the deformation of the diapir;

in the experimental process, starting a 3D scanner, scanning an experimental result to obtain xyz.dat data, processing by utilizing surfer software to obtain a topographic contour line, and obtaining a scanning digital stereogram; shooting vertically to the experimental sand body by using a camera to obtain an experimental plane result diagram;

fifthly, spraying a saturated gelatin aqueous solution to the experimental sand body by using a spray can, wherein the gelatin aqueous solution needs to dissolve gelatin into water until the gelatin is saturated; until the model is soaked, standing for 1-2 hours, cutting the experimental sand body at intervals of 1-2 cm by using a sharp cutting knife, observing the internal section phenomenon, and taking a picture of each section to obtain an experimental section picture;

and a sixth step: copying the experimental stage plane photograph, the scanning digital stereogram, the experimental plane result chart and the experimental section photograph obtained in the fifth step; and comparing the experiment stage plane picture, the scanning digital stereo imaging picture, the experiment plane result picture and the experiment section picture with the basin fracture plane picture, the topographic contour line stereo characteristic picture and the section structure style picture, and if the experiment stage plane picture, the scanning digital stereo imaging picture, the experiment plane result picture and the experiment section picture have consistent similar characteristics, indicating that the experiment simulation process reflects the basin superposition evolution process.