CN117309304B - Basin difference structure deformation simulation device and method under complex plate convergence background - Google Patents
Basin difference structure deformation simulation device and method under complex plate convergence background Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a basin difference structure deformation simulation device and method under a complex plate convergence background, belonging to the basic field of basin structure deformation and evolution research; the simulation device comprises a rotary experiment platform and a fixed experiment platform, wherein the rotary experiment platform is provided with a sand box, a rotary driving device and an image recording system so as to simulate a stratum of a crashed plate and record images under the crash action of the stratum, and the fixed experiment platform is provided with a crash boundary changing system and a transmission system so as to simulate the crash plate to apply crash acting force to the sand box; during experiments, basic experiment parameters are set at first, a basic experiment model is established, and simulation experiments are carried out; and then, a control variable method is adopted to comprehensively reference the characteristics of the geologic model and the basic experimental result to change the combination change of a single variable or a plurality of variables, and a plurality of groups of comparison experiments are carried out to obtain a simulation result which is consistent with the successive approximation of the actual situation, so that important data are provided for carrying out subsequent numerical simulation, basin oil and gas reservoir research and other works.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the basic field of basin structural deformation and evolution research, and particularly relates to a simulation experiment device and a simulation experiment method for basin differential structural deformation and a dynamics evolution mechanism thereof under a complex plate convergence background.
Background
In the plate convergence dive background, the structural deformation is strong, and the strong fracture development and magma movement are accompanied. Due to differences in basal, preexisting fractures, structural background, etc., basin development is caused to have very significant space-time differences. Therefore, thousands of sedimentary basins develop globally, but the structural evolution, sedimentary system, oil and gas law and the like of each basin have great differences.
The structure physical simulation experiment is a simulation experiment for researching the formation mechanism and evolution process of a natural geological structure, and is an effective method for researching structure deformation geometry, kinematics and dynamics. The invention patent with the publication number of CN105823645B discloses a plate structure physical simulation experiment device and an experiment method thereof, wherein friction belts, driving belts, inclination angle regulators and the like are used for realizing plate structure movements such as plate dispersion, diving, collision and the like; in addition, the patent of the invention with the publication number of CN115294848A discloses a physical simulation device and a simulation analysis method for influencing factors of plate diving deformation, which use fixed baffles with different angles to control the collision angle, adjust the diving angle of the plate by means of a lifting motor, and finally realize the setting of the collision state of the plate. It can be seen that the prior art mainly focuses on physical simulation of geological phenomena such as extrusion, stretching, sliding and high-temperature liquid injection in a sand box to form magma invasion, and in the background of plate convergence collision, structural deformation differences of different structural positions caused by continuous rotation of the plates are less concerned, especially, simulation work of structural deformation differences among different basins developed on different plots is less, and irregular plate boundaries are not specifically designed to simulate differences of stress characteristics among the basins or structural units.
In the prior art, although a great deal of work is done for the plate structure physical simulation experiment, the influence of the important factor of plate rotation on plate collision, diving and the like is not considered, the dynamic change of the diving boundary or the collision boundary caused by the plate rotation cannot be simulated by the existing plate structure physical simulation experiment device, and the structural development difference of different basins or different structural units of the same basin caused by the dynamic change cannot be revealed. For example, under the influence of aggregation, dive and rotation of pacific and philippine sea plates (fig. 5), a resulting study of the spatiotemporal differences in the development of east asian movable continental edge deposition basins (Wu et al, 2016, liu et al, 2023).
In view of the foregoing, it is highly desirable to design a physical simulation device for basin space-time difference evolution research under a complex plate convergence background, so as to more fit the real space-time difference of basin development under a complex structural background such as simulated plate convergence boundary geometry, plate dynamic rotation direction and speed, and deeply explore the deep dynamics mechanism of basin development space-time difference, which has important significance for researching different basin structure development under east Asian land-edge Pacific plate dive and seal-Australian plate difference dive control.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defect that dynamic changes of a diving boundary or a collision boundary caused by plate rotation cannot be simulated in the prior art, the invention provides a basin difference structure deformation simulation device and method under the complex plate convergence background, which realize the formation evolution process of a remolded basin and structure deformation differences caused among different basins and different structural units of the same basin under the comprehensive influence of a plurality of factors such as a plate rotation angle, a plate boundary shape, a plate drift speed and the like in the continuous diving process of a certain plate.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: the basin difference structure deformation simulation device comprises a rotary experiment platform and a fixed experiment platform which are arranged side by side, wherein the rotary experiment platform is used for realizing the stratum simulation of a collided plate and the image record under the stratum collision effect, and the fixed experiment platform is used for simulating the process that an active collision plate moves towards the collided plate at different drifting speeds and the sequence of converging and collision of different active collision plates towards the collided plate;
The rotary experiment platform is provided with a sand box, a rotary driving device and an image recording system, wherein materials for simulating a collided plate stratum are paved in the sand box, and the rotary driving device is used for driving the sand box to rotate; the fixed experiment platform is provided with a collision boundary changing system and a transmission system, the collision boundary changing system comprises a plurality of irregularly-shaped force application baffles, and the transmission system drives the corresponding force application baffles to apply collision acting force to the sand box so as to simulate the drift of the active collision plate along a certain direction.
Further, the sand box comprises a rotatable round bottom plate embedded in the base of the rotary experiment platform, and a fixed baffle plate arranged on the rotatable round bottom plate, wherein the fixed baffle plate is used for providing a fixed boundary for simulating stratum, and a plurality of different sand bodies in close proximity are paved in the sand box to simulate the development difference of stratum of different basins, and adjacent sand bodies are separated by soft and thin plastic sheets.
Further, silica gel is paved at the bottom of the sand box to simulate the development of a plastic mantle, a plurality of layers of quartz sand with different particle sizes and colors are paved on the sand box alternately, evenly and flatly to simulate the stratum of different geological times, micro glass beads are paved between the stratum according to the requirement to simulate the existence of sliding delamination, or inclined hard thin plastic sheets are arranged at the middle position of the sand body according to the requirement to simulate the development of sliding fracture in the basin.
Further, the transmission system comprises a driving motor and a push rod, the force application baffle is arranged at the tail end of the push rod, an arc-shaped hollowed-out clamping groove is formed in the fixed experiment platform, and the driving motor is arranged in the hollowed-out clamping groove and can move along the hollowed-out clamping groove.
Further, the shape of the force application baffle is designed according to the actual geometric form of the collision boundary of the plate block in the research area.
Furthermore, the image recording system comprises high-definition digital cameras which are respectively arranged right above and at the side of the rotating experiment platform and used for recording the formation process and characteristics of different basins or different structural units of the same basin which are caused by the rotation of a side plate in the plate collision process.
The invention further provides a simulation method of the basin difference structure deformation simulation device under the complex plate convergence background, which comprises the following steps:
Basic experiment: setting basic experiment parameters including, but not limited to, simulating the size, the number and the thickness of stratum sand layers, paving micro glass bead layers, setting thin plastic sheets, applying force to the shape of a baffle, rotating the rotating direction and the angle of an experiment platform, establishing a basic experiment model and carrying out a simulation experiment to obtain a basic experiment result;
Comparison experiment: adopting a control variable method, comprehensively referencing the characteristics of the geological model and the basic experimental result to change the combination change of a single variable or a plurality of variables, and developing a plurality of groups of comparison experiments to obtain a simulation result consistent with the successive approximation of the actual situation;
Comprehensive analysis: based on research of the actual structural evolution process of the research area, the analysis of basic experiments and comparison experiment results is integrated, and control factors of differential structural deformation in the research area are combed, so that the knowledge of the dynamics mechanism of structural evolution of the research area is formed.
Further, in the basic experiment, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Paving a collided plate to simulate a stratum: according to the research requirement, respectively paving a plurality of adjacent different sand bodies formed by stacking a plurality of sand layers to simulate the development difference of different basin strata, separating adjacent sand bodies by adopting soft thin plastic sheets, paving micro glass beads between the different sand layers to simulate the existence of sliding delamination, or arranging an inclined hard thin plastic sheet in the middle of one sand body to simulate the development of sliding fracture in the basin;
(2) Determining and setting the collision boundary shape of the plate: according to the actual geometric form of the contact boundary of the adjacent collision plates, a collision baffle plate with a similar shape or a fixed baffle plate meeting the requirements is arranged by utilizing a collision boundary changing system, and the differential contact relationship of the two plates at different positions is simulated when the adjacent plates collide together;
(3) Setting the rotation direction, rotation angle and rotation speed of the plate: in the collision process, the rotation experiment platform simultaneously simulates the rotation of the collided plate; the rotation direction and the speed are set according to the relative rotation angle of the active collision plate and the collided plate; the rotation speed is calculated according to the total amount of angular rotation of the rotating plate, the geological time of rotation and the geological time of basin collision related structural deformation;
In addition, the convergence speed and the convergence total amount of plate collision are calculated according to the compression amount of the basin involved in the deformation background of the convergence collision structure in each geological period;
(4) And setting and implementing a plurality of groups of simulation experiments by continuously adjusting basic experiment parameters, wherein each group of experiments is shot once by using a high-definition camera at regular intervals in the development process of each group of experiments so as to record the process of structural deformation caused in the continuous converging collision process.
Further, after the basic experiment is completed, a comparison experiment is carried out by setting different variable combinations in two sand bodies so as to simulate the formation development variability of different basins or different structural units of the same basin, after the experiment is finished, the sand bodies are paved by quartz sand and covered with towels for watering and soaking for a plurality of hours, then the characteristics of structural deformation in the basin are observed by slicing, and the coupling response relation between the rotation variation of the plate block along with the angle and the differential structural deformation between different basins or different structural units of the same basin is obtained by analysis.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
The scheme designs a rotary experiment platform, and a sand box and the like are arranged on the rotary experiment platform to realize the simulation of the crashed plate, the clockwise or anticlockwise continuous dynamic rotation of the crashed plate is controlled by a rotary driving device, and the rotation angle, the rotation direction, the convergence speed and other factors of the crashed plate can be regulated to realize the complicated structural backgrounds such as the rotation angle, the plate boundary shape and the like of the crashed plate; combining different boundary systems of the active collision plate designed on the fixed experimental platform, and revealing the process of different deformation of different basins or different structural units of the same basin caused by plate rotation, plate boundary forms and the like under the same plate convergence background;
The technical support is provided for the dynamic process of structural deformation space-time difference among different basins or different structural units of the same basin, the coupling response relation between the factors such as rotation of a analysis plate, substrate property, preexisting fracture and the like and the structural deformation difference of a research area is realized, and the reference is provided for the subsequent development of deep dynamic analysis and numerical simulation work of basin differential evolution.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of a simulation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of a simulation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a force application baffle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a simulation method according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the drift evolution of the philippine sea plate disclosed by the prior art method.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the invention will be more readily understood, a further description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced otherwise than as described herein, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
The scheme of the invention mainly focuses on the research of the differential development of the basin between the basins and between different structural units in the basin under different structural backgrounds, and the dynamic process of the structural deformation and evolution difference between the different basins and between different structural units in the same basin caused by the rotation of the plate under the complex plate converging and extrusion background. In the process of converging and collision of two or more plates, simulating the process of continuously rotating a certain plate to change stress environments at different positions at the collision boundary and deforming different basins or different structural units of the same basin in the collided plate.
Embodiment 1, this embodiment proposes a physical simulation device of basin difference structure deformation under complicated plate assembly background, as shown in fig. 1-2, the simulation device includes a support frame, a rotary experiment platform 1 and a fixed experiment platform 2 that are arranged on the support frame side by side, a sand box 5, a rotary driving device 11 and an image recording system are arranged on the rotary experiment platform 1 to simulate the collided plate stratum and record the image under the stratum collision effect, and a collision boundary changing system and a transmission system are arranged on the fixed experiment platform 2 to simulate the collision plate to apply collision force to the sand box 5.
The whole aluminum alloy material that is of rotation experiment platform 1, the base of rotation experiment platform 1 is square, sand box 5 sets up on the base, including inlay the rotatable circular bottom plate 12 of establishing in rotation experiment platform base, and set up the fixed stop 10 of stainless steel material on circular bottom plate 12, lay the sand body between the fixed stop 10 in order to simulate the stratum, this embodiment fixed stop 10 adopts two, distance between the fixed stop 10 can be adjusted as required, be used for providing fixed boundary for simulating the stratum, lay silica gel that is used for simulating the stratum in the sand box 5, quartz sand and sign layer (sand body) etc. including embedding, rotary driving device 11 sets up in rotation experiment platform base's below, rotary driving device 11 adopts step rotating electrical machine or other rotation structural design, its output shaft and sand box 5 fixed connection, in order to drive sand box 5 and carry out the rotation of settlement angle, realize the simulation by the clockwise or anticlockwise rotation of collision plate in the drift in-process, say realize 0-30 free dynamic rotation of free rotation of adjustment, can drive circular bottom plate and the free rotation of layer that sets up on it through step rotating electrical machine according to actual demand, the rotation, the relative rotation that takes place in order to realize the relative rotation of adjacent plate in the realization of the relative process of the place of the simulation plate.
The fixed experiment platform 2 is mainly used for simulating the process that an active collision plate moves towards a crashed plate at different drifting speeds and converging the sequence of collision from different plates to another plate, and with continued reference to fig. 1 and 2, the collision boundary changing system comprises a plurality of irregularly-shaped force application baffles 6, the transmission system comprises a driving motor 7 and a push rod 8, the base of the fixed experiment platform 2 is a rectangular aluminum alloy bottom plate, a semicircular hollowed-out clamping groove 9 is formed in the bottom plate, the driving motor 7 is arranged in the hollowed-out clamping groove 9 and can move along the hollowed-out clamping groove 9 so as to adjust the collision angle between the plates, and the collision boundary changing system is used for simulating drifting of one plate along a certain direction. Meanwhile, two or more driving motors and push rods can be installed according to actual working requirements, so that the complex situation that a third plate participates in the converging collision process from one plate to the other plate is simulated. In this embodiment, the push rod 8 is provided with a thread, the adjustment of the pushing speed is achieved by matching the driving motor 7 and the push rod 8, and in addition, the transmission system can also achieve the collision of the force application baffle 6 to the sand box 5 through the structural design of an air cylinder or a telescopic rod, and the like, which is not described in detail herein.
As shown in fig. 3, in this embodiment, the actual shape of the force application baffle 6 is specifically machined or spliced according to the actual geometry of the (complex) plate collision boundary in the investigation region, specifically, the force application baffle may be designed to be linear, V-shaped, reverse V-shaped, etc., and may be machined and customized according to the actual shape of the active collision plate.
In addition, the transmission system also comprises a limiting device, the driving motor 7 is positioned on the fixed experiment platform 2, and the force application baffle 6 or the force application baffle of other shapes which are designed in advance is controlled by the push rod 8 to simulate the convergence collision of the active convergence plate to the other plate. Wherein, the maximum travel of the driving motor (stepping motor) is-50 cm, the driving speed is 0.01-10.000 mm/min, the limiting device is an emergency stop switch for preventing excessive displacement, when the transmission distance is close to the length limit of the transmission rod, the emergency stop switch is automatically activated, and the driving motor (stepping motor) stops working, so as to prevent the motor or the push rod from being damaged.
The image recording system comprises two high-definition digital cameras which are respectively arranged right above and at the side of the rotary experiment platform, and is mainly used for recording the formation process and characteristics of the structural deformation difference development among different basins or different structural units of the same basin caused by the rotation of one side plate in the plate collision process.
In embodiment 2, based on the simulation apparatus set forth in embodiment 1, this embodiment provides a basin difference structure deformation simulation method under a complex plate convergence background, and the experimental simulation process is mainly divided into two major parts of a basic experiment and a comparative experiment, as shown in fig. 4, including the following steps:
basic experiment: setting basic experiment parameters, wherein the basic experiment parameters comprise the size, the number and the thickness of simulated stratum sand layers, whether micro glass bead layers are paved, whether thin plastic sheets are arranged, the shape of a force application baffle, the rotation direction and the angle of a rotation experiment platform and the like, establishing a basic experiment model and carrying out a simulation experiment to obtain a basic experiment result;
Comparison experiment: adopting a control variable method, comprehensively referencing the characteristics of the geological model and the basic experimental result to change the combination change of a single variable or a plurality of variables, and developing a plurality of groups of comparison experiments to obtain a simulation result consistent with the successive approximation of the actual situation;
Comprehensive analysis: based on research of the actual construction evolution process of the research area, analysis of basic experiments and comparison experiment results is integrated, control factors of differential construction deformation in the research area are combed, and knowledge of dynamics mechanism of construction evolution of the research area is formed, so that important data are provided for carrying out subsequent numerical simulation, basin oil and gas reservoir research and other works.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Simulating the laying of a stratum:
setting a sand box model on a rotary experiment platform, paving silica gel at the bottom of the sand box to simulate the development of a plastic mantle, and paving a plurality of layers of quartz sand with different particle diameters and colors (or using sand with different colors as marking layers) alternately, uniformly and flatly so as to simulate the stratum of different geological times. The micro glass bead layer can be paved according to actual geological conditions to simulate the development of the slipping stratum. The uppermost pink mark layer simulates the current seabed, and can obviously show the landform characterization caused by fracture development.
To simulate the structural deformation difference between different basins, two adjacent different sand bodies are usually paved respectively to simulate the formation development difference of the different basins, and specific reference can be made to fig. 1. The model stratum is set to be two square sand bodies of 50cm multiplied by 50cm which are connected together, the middle of the model stratum is separated by a soft thin plastic sheet, and two sides of the model stratum are respectively provided with different sand bodies according to the design, and 3 or more sand bodies can be arranged according to the requirement. Typically, each layer of sand constituting the sand body is set to 1cm in thickness, 3 layers are laid, each layer can be distinguished by using different colors of sand such as brown, orange, blue and the like as a marking layer, the observation is convenient, and micro glass beads are laid between the sand layers to simulate the existence of slip layers.
After the basic experiment is completed, different variable combinations are arranged in two sand bodies to simulate the formation development difference of different basins or different structural units of the same basin, for example, the number of sand layers is 2 layers, 4 layers or 5 layers, the thickness of a single sand layer is adjusted to be 0.5cm, 1.5cm or 2cm, microglass beads are paved (or not paved) among different sand layers for sliding delamination, 3-5 groups of comparison experiments are continuously carried out by using the reasonable combinations of the different variables, the experimental result difference is analyzed, and then the structural deformation difference among different basins or different structural units of the same basin under the plate aggregation collision such as sliding delamination, formation development difference and the like is analyzed.
(2) Determination and setting of plate collision boundary shape.
According to the actual geometric form of the contact boundary of two collision plates, a collision boundary changing system is used for setting a similar-shaped force application baffle or pre-processing the force application baffle meeting the requirements to simulate the differential contact relation between the two plates and different positions of the collided plates during convergent collision.
The active collision plate collision boundary is mainly set to 2 kinds of following: 1) Rectangular force application baffle plate with width of 1cm, height of 20cm and length of 60 cm; 2) Two rectangular baffles with the thickness of 1cm, the height of 20cm and the length of 40cm are connected in a 120V shape. In addition, in the actual operation process, the shape of the force application baffle plate can be customized according to the actual boundary shape of the simulated plate.
(3) Setting of plate rotation direction (clockwise or anticlockwise), rotation angle and rotation speed.
The force application baffle arranged on the fixed experiment platform converges and collides with sand bodies (basin models) paved on the rotary experiment platform in advance, and in the collision process, the rotary experiment platform rotates the simulation plates simultaneously, and the rotation direction and the speed of the force application baffle are set by utilizing the relative rotation angles of the two large plates. The rotary experiment platform is used as a crashed plate and a fixed experiment platform to crash the plate actively, if the crashed plate rotates clockwise, the relative rotation between the crashed plate and the fixed experiment platform is realized by setting the rotary experiment platform to rotate anticlockwise in the simulation process.
The force application baffle plate on the fixed experiment platform is used as an active collision plate to converge towards the collided plate at the speed of 0.5-1.0cm/min, and after the active collision plate and the passive collision plate are converged and contacted, the collision convergence amount is controlled to be 5-10cm. The convergence speed and the convergence total amount of plate collision are calculated according to the compression amount of the basin involved in the deformation background of the convergence collision structure in each geological period.
The rotary experiment platform rotates clockwise (counter) at a speed of 1.5-3 degrees/min so as to simulate the relative rotation between the active collision plate and the passive collision plate. If the plate is actively collided, the experiment platform rotates in the same direction; if the plate is passively collided, the rotary experiment platform rotates in the opposite direction so as to realize relative rotation between the two. In addition, the rotation speed of the rotation experiment platform can be calculated according to factors such as the total rotation amount of the rotation plate, the geological time length of rotation, the geological time length of basin collision related structural deformation and the like.
(4) In order to enable the construction physical simulation experiment result to gradually approach the deformation characteristics of the real basin, a plurality of groups of simulation experiments are set to be implemented by continuously adjusting experiment setting parameters (such as plate rotation angle and speed, collision speed, sand layer laying condition and the like), and each group of experiments are shot once every 1 minute by using a high-definition camera in the development process of each group of experiments so as to record the construction deformation caused in the continuous convergence collision process.
After the experiment is finished, the sand body is paved by quartz sand and covered with a towel for watering and soaking for 24 hours, then the characteristics of structural deformation in the basin are observed by slicing, and the coupling response relation between the rotation change of the plate block along with the angle and the different structural deformation among different basins or different structural units of the same basin is obtained by analysis. In addition, the collision position between the boundary point of two sand bodies paved on the rotary experiment platform and the force application baffle plate is an important influence factor.
In the steps of the method, initial experimental parameters such as sand layer thickness, sand layer number, slip delamination, rotation direction, rotation angle, initial collision angle, collision rate and the like can be reasonably adjusted and set according to experimental requirements.
Experiment 1: a basic simulation experiment model for causing different basins or different structural unit structural difference deformation of the same basin to plate convergence collision is provided.
The experimental model set up was laid as two closely adjacent square sand bodies of 50cm x 50cm in size, separated by a thin, soft plastic sheet in between. One side of the sand body is sequentially paved with 1cm brown quartz sand, 0.5cm micro glass beads, 1cm white quartz sand and 1cm white quartz sand, and each layer is respectively covered with black, brown, orange, blue and pink quartz sand as marking layers so as to observe deformation conditions; the other side sand body is sequentially provided with 2cm brown quartz sand, 1cm white quartz sand, 0.5cm white quartz sand and 0.5cm white quartz sand, and each layer is also covered with other color quartz sand to serve as a marking layer.
A rectangular force application baffle plate with the width of 1cm, the height of 20cm and the length of 60cm is selected on a fixed experimental platform of the experimental model, and the baffle plate moves towards a rotating experimental platform at the speed of 0.5cm/min, and the baffle plate moves continuously for 5cm after being contacted and collided with a sand body. In the experiment, the rotating experiment platform is not provided with rotation, and the force application baffle plate and the sand body are in parallel relation, namely the force application baffle plate vertically converges and collides with the sand body.
During the experiment, high definition cameras were used to record the course of structural deformation caused during a sustained convergent collision, once every 1 minute. After the experiment is finished, a sand layer is paved by quartz sand, a towel is covered for watering and soaking for 24 hours, and then slicing is carried out to observe the deformation characteristics of the inner structure of the basin. And further analyzing the difference of structural deformation generated under different basins or different geological structures of different structural units of the same basin under the same extrusion structural environment, and analyzing the correlation of factors such as the thickness and the layer number of sand layers, whether micro glass beads exist or not and the structural difference of the basins.
Experiment 2, provide a physical simulation experiment model for analyzing different construction deformation processes and dynamics mechanisms in different basins or different construction units of the same basin under the background that different convergence positions of plates lead to different construction stresses.
The experimental model set up was laid as two closely adjacent square sand bodies of 50cm x 50cm in size, separated by a thin, soft plastic sheet in between. Wherein, one side sand body is paved with 1cm brown quartz sand, 0.5cm micro glass beads, 1cm white quartz sand and 1cm white quartz sand in sequence, and each layer is covered with black, brown, orange, blue and pink quartz sand as marking layers so as to be convenient for observing deformation conditions; the other side sand body is sequentially provided with brown quartz sand of 1cm, white quartz sand of 1.5cm, white quartz sand of 0.5cm and white quartz sand of 1cm, each layer is also covered with quartz sand of other colors to serve as a marking layer, and meanwhile, a hard thin plastic sheet which is inclined towards the side of the fixed baffle plate and has an inclination angle of 45 degrees is arranged in the middle of the side sand body to simulate the development sliding fracture in the basin.
The fixed experimental platform of the experimental model is provided with a force application baffle plate formed by connecting two rectangular baffle plates with the thickness of 1cm, the height of 20cm and the length of 40cm at 120 degrees, the force application baffle plate moves towards the rotating experimental platform at the speed of 0.5cm/min, and the force application baffle plate continuously moves for 5cm after being contacted and collided with a sand body. In the experiment, the rotating experiment platform is not provided with rotation, and 2-3 groups of experiments are carried out for comparison by changing the collision position between the force application baffle plate and the sand body.
During the experiment, high definition cameras were used to record the course of structural deformation caused during a sustained convergent collision, once every 1 minute. After the experiment is finished, a sand layer is paved by quartz sand, a towel is covered for watering and soaking for 24 hours, and then slicing is carried out to observe the deformation characteristics of the inner structure of the basin. And further analyzing the difference of structural deformation generated under different extrusion structural environments of different basins or different structural units of the same basin, and analyzing the correlation of factors such as the thickness and the layer number of sand layers, whether micro glass beads exist, whether sliding and breaking are developed and the like and the structural difference of the basins.
Experiment 3: the physical simulation experiment model is used for analyzing the deformation process of different basins or different structural positions of the same basin caused by the angular rotation of the plates in the plate converging collision process and the analysis of the dynamic mechanism.
The experimental model set up was laid as two closely adjacent square sand bodies of 50cm x 50cm in size, separated by a thin, soft plastic sheet in between. Wherein, one side sand body lays in proper order 1cm brown quartz sand, 0.5cm little glass pearl, 1cm white quartz sand, and every layer covers black, brown, orange, blue and pink quartz sand respectively as the marking layer and is convenient for observe the deformation condition. The other side sand body is sequentially provided with 2cm brown quartz sand, 1cm white quartz sand, 0.5cm white quartz sand and 0.5cm white quartz sand, and each layer is also covered with other color quartz sand to serve as a marking layer. Meanwhile, a hard thin plastic sheet inclined to the side of the fixed baffle plate and with an inclination angle of 45 degrees is arranged in the middle of the side sand body so as to simulate the sliding fracture of the development in the basin.
A rectangular force application baffle plate with the width of 1cm, the height of 20cm and the length of 60cm is selected on a fixed experimental platform of the experimental model, and the baffle plate moves towards a rotating experimental platform at the speed of 0.5cm/min, and the baffle plate moves continuously for 5cm after being contacted and collided with a sand body. Further, in this experiment, when the force application plate and the sand body start to collide 1.5cm, the rotary experiment table starts to rotate counterclockwise at a speed of 3 °/min to simulate the relative rotation between the active and passive collision plates.
During the experiment, high definition cameras were used to record the course of structural deformation caused during a sustained convergent collision, once every 1 minute. After the experiment is finished, a sand layer is paved by quartz sand, a towel is covered for watering and soaking for 24 hours, and then slicing is carried out to observe the deformation characteristics of the inner structure of the basin. And further analyzing the difference characteristics of structural deformation generated under different geologic structures of different basins or different structural units of the same basin under the dynamic change extrusion structural environment, and analyzing the correlation of factors such as thickness and layer number of sand layers, whether micro glass beads exist, whether sliding and breaking are developed, rotation speed and angle of a rotation experiment platform and the like and basin structural difference.
Besides the combination of the methods, the physical simulation experiment can be carried out according to the actual conditions of the simulation region to realize the structure of different geological purposes by adjusting and reasonably combining various variables. And based on research of the actual structure evolution process of the research area, the control factors of the differential structure deformation in the research area are combed by integrating the basic experiment and the comparison experiment result analysis, so that the knowledge of the dynamics mechanism of the structure evolution of the research area is formed, and important data are provided for the development of subsequent numerical simulation, basin oil and gas reservoir research and other works.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any equivalent embodiments which can be changed or modified by the technical content disclosed above can be applied to other fields, but any simple modification, equivalent changes and modification made to the above-mentioned embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention without departing from the technical content of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The basin difference structure deformation simulation device under the complex plate convergence background is characterized by comprising a rotary experiment platform (1) and a fixed experiment platform (2) which are arranged side by side, wherein the rotary experiment platform (1) is used for realizing the stratum simulation of a collided plate and the image recording under the stratum collision effect, and the fixed experiment platform (2) is used for simulating the movement process of an active collision plate to the collided plate at different drifting speeds and the convergence collision sequence of different active collision plates to the collided plate;
The rotary experiment platform is provided with a sand box (5), a rotary driving device (11) and an image recording system, materials for simulating a collided plate stratum are paved in the sand box (5), and the rotary driving device (11) is used for driving the sand box (5) to rotate; a collision boundary changing system and a transmission system are arranged on the fixed experiment platform (2), the collision boundary changing system comprises a plurality of irregularly-shaped force application baffles (6), and the transmission system drives the corresponding force application baffles (6) to apply collision acting force to the sand box (5) so as to simulate the drift of an active collision plate along a certain direction; the shape of the force application baffle plate (6) is designed according to the actual geometric form of the collision boundary of the plate block in the research area;
The sand box (5) comprises a rotatable round bottom plate (12) embedded in a base of the rotary experiment platform and fixed baffles (10) arranged on the rotatable round bottom plate (12), sand bodies are arranged between the fixed baffles (10) to simulate a stratum, and the fixed baffles (10) provide fixed boundaries for the simulated stratum; a plurality of different sand bodies which are closely adjacent to each other are paved in the sand box (5) so as to simulate the development difference of stratum of different basins, and the adjacent sand bodies are separated by soft and thin plastic sheets;
The bottom of the sand box (5) is paved with silica gel to simulate the development of a plastic mantle, a plurality of layers of quartz sand with different grain diameters and colors are paved on the sand box alternately, evenly and flatly to simulate the stratum of different geological times, and micro glass beads are paved between the stratum according to the need to simulate the existence of sliding delamination, or inclined hard thin plastic sheets are arranged at the middle position of the sand body according to the need to simulate the development of sliding fracture in the basin.
2. The basin difference structure deformation simulator in complex plate convergence background according to claim 1, wherein: the transmission system comprises a driving motor (7) and a push rod (8), wherein the force application baffle (6) is arranged at the tail end of the push rod (8), an arc-shaped hollowed-out clamping groove (9) is formed in the fixed experiment platform (2), and the driving motor (7) is arranged in the hollowed-out clamping groove (9) and moves along the hollowed-out clamping groove (9).
3. The basin difference structure deformation simulator in complex plate convergence background according to claim 1, wherein: the image recording system comprises high-definition digital cameras which are respectively arranged right above and at the side of the rotary experiment platform and used for recording the formation process and characteristics of different basins or different structural units of the same basin which are caused by rotation of a side plate in the plate collision process.
4. The simulation method of the basin difference construction deformation simulation device based on the complex plate convergence background of claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
basic experiment: setting basic experiment parameters, wherein the basic experiment parameters comprise the size, the sand layer quantity and the sand layer thickness of a simulated stratum sand layer, whether a microglass bead layer is paved, whether a thin plastic sheet is arranged, the shape of a force application baffle, the rotation direction and the angle of a rotation experiment platform, establishing a basic experiment model and carrying out a simulation experiment, and obtaining a basic experiment result, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Paving a collided plate to simulate a stratum: according to the research requirement, respectively paving a plurality of adjacent different sand bodies formed by stacking a plurality of sand layers to simulate the development difference of different basin strata, separating adjacent sand bodies by adopting soft thin plastic sheets, paving micro glass beads between the different sand layers to simulate the existence of sliding delamination, or arranging an inclined hard thin plastic sheet in the middle of one sand body to simulate the development of sliding fracture in the basin;
(2) Determining and setting the collision boundary shape of the plate: according to the actual geometric form of the contact boundary of the adjacent collision plates, a collision baffle plate with a similar shape or a fixed baffle plate meeting the requirements is arranged by utilizing a collision boundary changing system, and the differential contact relationship of the two plates at different positions is simulated when the adjacent plates collide together;
(3) Setting the rotation direction, rotation angle and rotation speed of the plate: in the collision process, the rotation experiment platform simultaneously simulates the rotation of the collided plate; the rotation direction and the speed are set according to the relative rotation angle of the active collision plate and the collided plate; the rotation speed is calculated according to the total amount of angular rotation of the rotating plate, the geological time of rotation, and the geological time of basin collision related structural deformation;
In addition, the convergence speed and the convergence total amount of plate collision are calculated according to the compression amount of the basin involved in the deformation background of the convergence collision structure in each geological period;
(4) Multiple groups of simulation experiments are set and implemented by continuously adjusting basic experiment parameters, and each group of simulation experiments is shot once by using a high-definition camera at regular intervals in the development process of each group of experiments so as to record the process of structural deformation caused in the continuous converging collision process
Comparison experiment: adopting a control variable method, comprehensively referencing the characteristics of the geological model and the basic experimental result to change the combination change of a single variable or a plurality of variables, and developing a plurality of groups of comparison experiments to obtain a simulation result consistent with the successive approximation of the actual situation;
Comprehensive analysis: based on research of the actual structural evolution process of the research area, the analysis of basic experiments and comparison experiment results is integrated, and control factors of differential structural deformation in the research area are combed, so that the knowledge of the dynamics mechanism of structural evolution of the research area is formed.
5. The simulation method according to claim 4, wherein: after the basic experiment is completed, a comparison experiment is carried out by arranging different variable combinations in two sand bodies so as to simulate the formation development difference of different basins or different structural units of the same basin, after the experiment is finished, the sand bodies are paved by quartz sand and covered with towels for watering and soaking for a plurality of hours, then the characteristics of structural deformation in the basins are observed by slicing, and the coupling response relation between the rotation change of the plates along with the angle and the differential structural deformation between different basins or different structural units of the same basin in the converging collision process is obtained by analysis.
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