CN109211746B - Device and experimental method for simulating oil and gas migration process under geological condition - Google Patents
Device and experimental method for simulating oil and gas migration process under geological condition Download PDFInfo
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- CN109211746B CN109211746B CN201710536448.9A CN201710536448A CN109211746B CN 109211746 B CN109211746 B CN 109211746B CN 201710536448 A CN201710536448 A CN 201710536448A CN 109211746 B CN109211746 B CN 109211746B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
- G01N2013/003—Diffusion; diffusivity between liquids
Abstract
A device for simulating hydrocarbon migration processes under geological conditions, comprising: hydrocarbon-producing systems and oil and gas migration systems; the hydrocarbon generation system includes: the device comprises a hydrocarbon generation kettle, an electric heating furnace and a fluid high-pressure container, wherein one end of the fluid high-pressure container is provided with a high-pressure metering pump which is used for injecting high-pressure fluid into the hydrocarbon generation kettle; a hydraulic device; the hydrocarbon migration system includes: the device comprises a hydrocarbon discharge migration device and a tubular heating furnace, wherein the tubular heating furnace is arranged around the hydrocarbon discharge migration device and is used for heating the hydrocarbon discharge migration device and a collecting pneumatic valve. The method can simulate the migration condition of oil gas under geological conditions more truly, the obtained data parameters are more scientific and reasonable, and an effective means is provided for developing research on oil gas migration, oil gas generation amount and oil gas resource prediction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and an experimental method for simulating an oil-gas migration process under geological conditions, which are applied to the field of geological exploration.
Background
The hydrocarbon discharging efficiency of the source rock is one of key parameters for accurately calculating oil and gas resources, and petroleum geology geochemists have been concerned about migration mechanism, hydrocarbon discharging time, migration mode, hydrocarbon discharging efficiency or hydrocarbon discharging amount, organic geochemical indexes, quantitative models and the like from the beginning of the 20 th century. However, the migration process of oil and gas is an extremely complex geological process, and is still a weak link in the field of petroleum geological research. The oil and gas migration mechanism at least comprises three mechanisms of compaction mechanism, microcrack mechanism under abnormal high pressure action and diffusion mechanism. (1) Compacting: the direct result of compaction is a reduction in the pore volume of the deposit and the drainage of pore fluid. In periods of shallower sediment burial and higher porosity, compaction is the primary cause of pore fluid drainage. If hydrocarbons are formed in the source rock at this time, the hydrocarbons migrate under the influence of the compaction action and are expelled from the source rock. (2) Microcrack mechanism: the driving mechanism of the curtain type micro-crack liquid discharge can be summarized into two points, namely, the sealing layer is broken due to the accumulation of energy in an overpressure system, the residual pressure exceeds the bearing capacity of the rock, and the residual energy in the sealing storage box is released along with cracks or fracture surfaces and the like; the other is the factor outside the overpressure system, which is mainly due to the influence of construction activities, and breaks the relatively stable state of the energy field of the overpressure system, and is characterized in that the energy inside the overpressure system is released or transferred due to the pressure relief of activity fracture and the like. The oil-gas fluid migrates in a miscible manner. This process may be repeated many times and a large amount of hydrocarbons may be removed from the source rock. (3) Diffusion: is a process of transferring a substance spontaneously from a high concentration region to a low concentration region under the action of a concentration gradient to achieve a concentration equilibrium. Diffusion can occur in nature as long as a concentration gradient exists. Thus, the diffusion of hydrocarbons from a source rock into a reservoir is a necessary process.
The existing physical simulation of oil and gas migration is mostly established on the basis of a hydrocarbon generation simulation experiment, the adopted method usually takes rocks containing a certain organic matter abundance as samples, hydrocarbon generation is pyrolyzed by heating, hydrocarbon is driven to be discharged by depending on the higher temperature difference and the pressure caused by the volume expansion of fluid in the hydrocarbon generation process, the compaction pressure of the simulated hydrocarbon source rocks is applied to the outside of some simulation experiment devices, and the generated oil and gas is discharged by the compaction action. Because the oil-gas migration simulation is mainly developed on the basis of the hydrocarbon generation simulation, the hydrocarbon generation condition is mainly considered in the setting of the simulation experiment condition, and the simulation experiment condition similar to the geological condition for controlling oil-gas discharge, such as rock porosity, rock compaction, formation fluid pressure, formation water and the like, is rarely really selected from the migration mechanism, so that the oil-gas migration condition in the hydrocarbon source rock set by the simulation experiment is seriously deviated from the actual geological condition, and the migration process of the oil-gas under the formation temperature and pressure condition cannot be truly reproduced.
The existing controllable hydrocarbon source rock hot-pressing hydrocarbon generation simulation device comprises an organic texture evolution simulation experiment device and an internal heating type hot-pressing simulation experiment device which are developed by Daqing Petroleum institute, a high-pressure temperature control compaction testing device which is developed by Daqing oil field, a compaction diagenesis and oil gas generation and displacement simulation experiment device which is developed by China Petroleum university (Beijing), a hydrocarbon source rock stratum pore hot-pressing hydrocarbon generation simulator which is developed by China petrochemical Sn-free petroleum geology institute, a pressurization open type thermal hydrocarbon generation simulation device which is developed by China academy Guangzhou localization institute, an organic matter hydrocarbon generation simulation device under the action of fluid pressure and static pressure and the like.
The maximum static rock pressure and the fluid pressure designed by an organic texture evolution simulation experiment device and an internal heating type hot-pressing simulation experiment device developed by Daqing Petroleum institute, a high-pressure temperature control compaction testing device developed by Daqing oil field and a compaction diagenesis and oil gas generation and displacement simulation experiment device developed by China Petroleum university (Beijing) can not meet the requirements of actual geological conditions, the maximum static rock pressure is 130MPa, the maximum formation fluid pressure is 30MPa, and the fluid pressure has non-adjustable controllability. The fluid pressure of the pressurized open type pyrolysis hydrocarbon generation simulation device developed by Guangzhou localization of Chinese academy and the organic matter hydrocarbon generation simulation device under the action of the fluid pressure and static pressure is maintained by high-pressure nitrogen, which is completely different from the state that the pores of the hydrocarbon source rock are filled with fluid under the stratum condition. The static rock pressure and the fluid pressure of a hydrocarbon source rock formation pore hot-pressing hydrocarbon generation simulator developed by the medium petrochemical tin-free petroleum geology can be controlled in a large range, but the manual regulation and control operation error is large because a controllable fluid pressure adjusting device is not arranged outside the hydrocarbon generation device. At present, in all hydrocarbon generation and discharge simulation devices, hydrocarbon discharge is driven by high temperature difference and pressure caused by volume expansion of fluid in the hydrocarbon generation process after pyrolysis hydrocarbon generation, and a hydrocarbon discharge system is only a product collection system at normal temperature and normal pressure. The hydrocarbon discharge rate calculated by the method is usually large and is difficult to apply to actual geological work. In order to simulate the oil and gas migration process under geological conditions more truly, various geological influence factors are considered, such as: in addition to factors such as temperature, time, static rock pressure, formation fluid pressure, confining pressure, pore space, pore fluid properties, rock mineral composition and the like, the oil-gas migration process under comprehensive control of multiple functions such as compaction, multiple pressurization mechanism microcracking, concentration diffusion and the like of oil gas must be combined, so that the obtained hydrocarbon generation and discharge yield and localization parameters can be better applied to oil-gas exploration research and production, and the current simulation device and test method cannot meet the requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the device and the experimental method for simulating the oil-gas migration process under the geological condition can reproduce the migration process of oil gas under the control of comprehensive effects such as compaction seepage effect, micro-crack effect of various pressurization mechanisms, concentration diffusion and the like, and provide reliable and accurate data parameters for oil-gas resource evaluation.
An apparatus for simulating hydrocarbon migration processes under geological conditions, comprising: hydrocarbon-producing systems and oil and gas migration systems; the hydrocarbon generation system includes:
the hydrocarbon generating kettle is used for containing a hydrocarbon raw rock sample;
the electric heating furnace is arranged around the hydrocarbon generation kettle and used for heating the hydrocarbon generation kettle;
a fluid high-pressure container, one end of which is provided with a high-pressure metering pump for injecting high-pressure fluid into the hydrocarbon generation kettle;
the hydraulic equipment is used for sealing the hydrocarbon raw rock sample in the hydrocarbon generation kettle and applying the static rock pressure to the hydrocarbon raw rock sample;
the hydrocarbon migration system includes:
the hydrocarbon discharging transfer device comprises an upper cavity and a lower cavity, the upper cavity is respectively communicated with the hydrocarbon generating kettle and the fluid high-pressure container, and the lower cavity is communicated with the hydrocarbon discharging metering pump;
the tubular heating furnace is arranged around the hydrocarbon discharging migration device and used for heating the hydrocarbon discharging migration device;
and a collecting pneumatic valve communicated with the upper cavity and used for discharging the pressure in the upper cavity.
The hydrocarbon generation system further comprises a portal frame and a positioning top column, the portal frame comprises a top beam and a base which are parallel to each other and two vertical beams which are perpendicular to the top beam and the base, wherein one end of the positioning top column is in contact with the top of the hydrocarbon generation kettle, the other end of the positioning top column penetrates through the top beam of the portal frame and is fixedly connected with the top beam, and the hydrocarbon generation kettle is fixed in the center of the portal frame.
The hydraulic equipment comprises a hydraulic oil cylinder, an outer piston rod arranged on the hydraulic oil cylinder and an inner piston rod arranged in the center of the outer piston rod, the hydraulic oil cylinder is arranged in the center of the outer side of the portal frame base, the inner piston rod is used for sealing the hydrocarbon generation kettle, and the inner piston rod is used for applying the static rock pressure on a raw rock sample in the hydrocarbon generation kettle.
An upper hydrocarbon discharging port is formed in the top of the hydrocarbon generating kettle, and a lower hydrocarbon feeding and discharging port is formed in one side of the hydrocarbon generating kettle.
The hydrocarbon generation system is connected with the hydrocarbon discharge migration system through an upper hydrocarbon discharge stop valve, a lower hydrocarbon discharge stop valve and a hydrocarbon discharge high-pressure pneumatic valve; the upper hydrocarbon discharge stop valve and the lower hydrocarbon discharge stop valve are used for controlling the flow rate of discharged hydrocarbon in the hydrocarbon generation kettle, and the hydrocarbon discharge high-pressure pneumatic valve is used for opening and closing a communication channel between the hydrocarbon generation system and the hydrocarbon discharge system; and an outlet of the injection solenoid valve is connected with a lower hydrocarbon inlet and outlet port and communicated with an upper cavity of the hydrocarbon discharging transportation device through a fluid high-pressure pneumatic valve and a counter-driving solenoid valve respectively, and the formation fluid is injected into the hydrocarbon generating kettle and the hydrocarbon discharging transportation device under the pressure.
A method for simulating an oil and gas migration process under geological conditions,
the method comprises the following steps:
setting temperatures, static rock pressures and formation fluid pressure values corresponding to different evolution stages according to the temperature and pressure of underground actual buried depth evolution of the region where the hydrocarbon original rock sample is located;
secondly, placing the hydrocarbon raw rock sample into a hydrocarbon generation kettle, driving an outer piston rod to seal the hydrocarbon generation kettle through a hydraulic oil cylinder, and driving an inner piston rod to apply static rock pressure to the hydrocarbon raw rock sample according to the set static rock pressure;
thirdly, applying formation fluid pressure to the hydrocarbon generation kettle and the hydrocarbon discharge transportation device through a fluid high-pressure container, and standing for 3-5 hours;
fourthly, after the pressures of the hydrocarbon generation system and the oil and gas migration system are not changed any more, closing the upper hydrocarbon discharge stop valve, the lower hydrocarbon discharge stop valve and the hydrocarbon discharge high-pressure pneumatic valve, opening the collection pneumatic valve, and discharging the pressure in the hydrocarbon discharge migration device to enable the pressure in the hydrocarbon discharge migration device to be zero; then closing the collecting pneumatic valve, the fluid high-pressure pneumatic valve, the injection solenoid valve and the back drive solenoid valve; and starting a hydraulic oil cylinder to apply static rock pressure on the hydrocarbon raw rock sample, heating the hydrocarbon generation and transportation device and the hydrocarbon generation kettle at the same time, and performing a hydrocarbon generation simulation oil gas transportation experiment when the temperatures in the hydrocarbon generation kettle and the hydrocarbon generation and transportation device are consistent.
The hydrocarbon generation simulation oil-gas migration experiment comprises the following steps: simulating a compaction seepage effect oil gas migration mode, simulating a pressurization microcrack hydrocarbon discharge migration mode and simulating an oil gas diffusion migration mode.
The oil-gas migration mode of the simulated compaction seepage effect is as follows: and opening the upper hydrocarbon discharging stop valve and the lower hydrocarbon discharging stop valve, controlling the flow rate, and opening the hydrocarbon discharging high-pressure pneumatic valve to discharge the oil gas from the hydrocarbon generation system to the oil gas transfer system at one time under the action of pressure difference.
The simulated pressurized micro-crack hydrocarbon discharge migration mode is as follows:
(1) opening the upper hydrocarbon discharging stop valve and the lower hydrocarbon discharging stop valve, controlling the flow rate, and closing the hydrocarbon discharging high-pressure pneumatic valve to enable the hydrocarbon generation kettle and the hydrocarbon discharging transfer device to be in a non-communication state;
(2) setting the pressure difference between the hydrocarbon generation kettle and the hydrocarbon discharge transportation device according to actual geological conditions;
(3) when the difference between the fluid pressure value in the hydrocarbon generation kettle and the fluid pressure value in the hydrocarbon discharge transporting device is larger than the set pressure difference, the hydrocarbon discharge high-pressure pneumatic valve is automatically opened to discharge hydrocarbon, and after the pressures in the hydrocarbon generation kettle and the hydrocarbon discharge transporting device are balanced, the pressure is adjusted to the set pressure difference value through the forward and backward hydrocarbon discharge metering pump, and the hydrocarbon discharge high-pressure pneumatic valve is automatically closed;
(4) and (4) repeating the step (3) until the pressurized micro-crack hydrocarbon-discharging migration process is finished.
The simulation method for oil-gas diffusion migration comprises the following steps:
opening a hydrocarbon discharging high-pressure pneumatic valve, an upper hydrocarbon discharging stop valve and a lower hydrocarbon discharging stop valve to enable the hydrocarbon generation kettle and the hydrocarbon discharging migration device to be in a communication state, and enabling the fluid pressure of the hydrocarbon discharging migration device to be equal to that of the hydrocarbon generation kettle;
when the pressure in the hydrocarbon generation system and the oil and gas migration system is larger than the set formation fluid pressure value, the hydrocarbon discharge metering pump adjusts the pressure until the pressure returns to the formation fluid pressure value;
and (III) repeating the step (II) until the oil gas diffusion migration process is finished.
The experimental method can simulate the oil-gas migration process under the action of compaction seepage and the oil-gas diffusion migration process, and can also simulate the oil-gas migration process when oil gas is subjected to pressurization and micro-crack hydrocarbon discharge. The oil gas migration device can set higher stratum fluid pressure according to actual geological conditions, thoroughly changes the simulation of the oil gas migration process only by means of the temperature difference of a production storage system and the pressure difference generated by fluid volume expansion in the prior art, can simulate the migration conditions of oil gas under geological conditions more truly, obtains more scientific and reasonable data parameters, and provides an effective means for developing research on the aspects of oil gas migration, oil gas generation amount and oil gas resource prediction.
Drawings
The invention will be described in more detail hereinafter on the basis of embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus for simulating hydrocarbon migration under geological conditions in accordance with the present invention.
In the drawings, like parts are provided with like reference numerals. The drawings are not to scale.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, an apparatus for simulating hydrocarbon migration process under geological conditions comprises: hydrocarbon-producing systems and oil and gas migration systems;
the hydrocarbon generation system includes: a hydrocarbon generating kettle 106 for containing a hydrocarbon crude rock sample 107; the electric heating furnace 105 is arranged around the hydrocarbon generation kettle 106 and used for heating the hydrocarbon generation kettle 106, and a hydrocarbon generation temperature sensor 108 is arranged on one side of the hydrocarbon generation kettle and used for detecting the temperature in the hydrocarbon generation kettle; a fluid high-pressure container 117 which is communicated with the hydrocarbon generation kettle 106 and is used for containing high-pressure fluid and injecting the high-pressure fluid into the hydrocarbon generation kettle 106 through a high-pressure metering pump 120; a hydraulic device for sealing the hydrocarbon raw rock sample 107 in the hydrocarbon generation tank and applying a statolitic pressure to the hydrocarbon raw rock sample 107; the hydrocarbon generation system further comprises a portal frame and a positioning top column 111, wherein the portal frame comprises a top beam 109 and a base 114 which are parallel to each other, and two vertical beams 104 which are perpendicular to the top beam 109 and the base 114, one end of the positioning top column 111 is in contact with the top of the hydrocarbon generation kettle 106, the other end of the positioning top column penetrates through the portal frame top beam 109 and is fixedly connected with the top beam, and the hydrocarbon generation kettle 106 is fixed in the center of the portal frame.
The hydrocarbon generation kettle 106 is a hollow cylinder and is made of high-strength alloy materials with high pressure resistance, high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance, and a hydrocarbon raw rock sample 107 is directly placed inside the hydrocarbon generation kettle; an upper hydrocarbon discharging port 112 and a formation pressure sensor 110 are arranged at the top of the hydrocarbon generating kettle 106; the middle side of the hydrocarbon generation kettle 106 is provided with a lower hydrocarbon inlet 113.
The hydraulic equipment comprises a hydraulic oil cylinder 101, an outer piston rod 102 and an inner piston rod 103, wherein the outer piston rod 102 is installed on the hydraulic oil cylinder, the inner piston rod 103 is arranged in the center of the outer piston rod 102, the outer piston rod 102 and the inner piston rod 103 apply pressure in the same direction, the hydraulic oil cylinder 101 is arranged in the center of the outer side of a portal frame base 114, the outer piston rod 102 is sealed to the hydrocarbon generation kettle 106 in a perfect mode, the inner piston rod 103 penetrates through the base 114 to be in contact with a hydrocarbon raw rock sample in the hydrocarbon generation kettle, and the static rock pressure is applied.
The upper end of the fluid high-pressure container 117 is connected with an injection pressure sensor 119 and an electric high-pressure metering pump 120; the lower outlet is connected with the lower liquid inlet and outlet 113 through an injection electromagnetic valve 116 and a fluid high-pressure pneumatic valve 115 and is used for injecting high-pressure formation fluid into the hydrocarbon generation kettle 106; the inlet of the back-drive solenoid valve 118 is respectively connected with the injection solenoid valve 116 and the fluid high-pressure pneumatic valve 115, and the outlet is connected with the hydrocarbon discharging migration device 207 and the collecting pneumatic valve 204; for injecting high pressure formation fluid into the hydrocarbon removal conveyance device 207.
The oil and gas migration system comprises a hydrocarbon discharge migration device 207 which is respectively communicated with the hydrocarbon generation kettle 106 and the fluid high-pressure container 117, and the pressure inside the hydrocarbon discharge migration device 207 is adjusted through a hydrocarbon discharge metering pump 208; a tubular heating furnace 206 arranged around the hydrocarbon discharge transfer device 207 for heating the hydrocarbon discharge transfer device 207; and a collection pneumatic valve 204 having one end communicating with the exhaust transfer device 207 for discharging the pressure in the exhaust transfer device 207.
The hydrocarbon generation system and the hydrocarbon discharge transportation system are connected through an upper hydrocarbon discharge stop valve 201, a lower hydrocarbon discharge stop valve 209 and a hydrocarbon discharge high-pressure pneumatic valve 202; the upper-discharge hydrocarbon stop valve 201 and the lower-discharge hydrocarbon stop valve 209 are used for controlling the discharge flow of the high-temperature high-pressure hydrocarbon generation kettle 106, and the discharge hydrocarbon high-pressure pneumatic valve 202 is used for opening and closing a connecting channel between the hydrocarbon generation system and the discharge hydrocarbon collection system; the outlet of the upper cavity of the hydrocarbon discharging migration device 207 is provided with a hydrocarbon discharging pressure sensor 203 and a collecting pneumatic valve 204; the lower cavity is filled with a high-pressure liquid medium and is connected with a hydrocarbon discharge metering pump 208; the hydrocarbon discharging transportation device 207 is arranged in the tubular heating furnace 206; a hydrocarbon discharge temperature sensor 205 is arranged on the side of the tubular heating furnace 206; for thermostatically heating the hydrocarbon removal unit 207.
A method of simulating an oil and gas migration process under geological conditions, comprising the steps of:
setting temperatures, static rock pressures and formation fluid pressure values corresponding to different evolution stages according to the temperature and pressure of actual underground buried depth evolution of the region where the hydrocarbon original rock sample 107 is located;
placing the hydrocarbon raw rock sample 107 into a hydrocarbon generation kettle 106, driving an outer piston rod 102 to seal the hydrocarbon generation kettle 106 through a hydraulic oil cylinder 101, and driving an inner piston rod 103 to apply static rock pressure to the hydrocarbon raw rock sample 107 according to the set static rock pressure;
thirdly, applying formation fluid pressure to the hydrocarbon generation kettle 106 and the hydrocarbon discharge transportation device 207 through the fluid high-pressure container 117, and standing for 3-5 hours; the method specifically comprises the following steps: opening the fluid high pressure pneumatic valve 115, the back drive solenoid valve 118, the injection solenoid valve 116, the upper vent stop valve 201, the lower vent stop valve 209, and the vent high pressure pneumatic valve 202, and closing the collection pneumatic valve 204; the pressure value of the formation fluid is set to drive the injection electric high-pressure metering pump 120 to apply the formation fluid pressure (120 MPa at most) to the high-temperature high-pressure hydrocarbon generation kettle 106 and the hydrocarbon discharge migration device 207, and the mixture is kept still for 3 to 5 hours, so that the pore space of the hydrocarbon source rock sample 107 and the connecting pipeline are completely filled with the high-pressure fluid (such as water, gas, oil and the like; which medium is specifically selected and depends on the research purpose of a researcher); meanwhile, the device also plays a role in leakage test of the hydrocarbon generation kettle 106, the hydrocarbon discharge transportation device 207, the connecting pipeline and each valve, if the pressure drops or the fluid seeps out from the connecting part, the whole system has a leakage point, and the next simulation experiment is started after the leakage point is removed;
step four, after the pressures of the hydrocarbon generation system and the oil and gas migration system are not changed any more, closing the upper hydrocarbon discharge stop valve 201, the lower hydrocarbon discharge stop valve 209 and the hydrocarbon discharge high-pressure pneumatic valve 202, opening the collection pneumatic valve 204, and discharging the pressure in the hydrocarbon discharge migration device to enable the pressure in the hydrocarbon discharge migration device to be zero; the collection pneumatic valve 204, the fluid high pressure pneumatic valve 115, the injection solenoid valve 116, and the back drive solenoid valve 118 are then closed; starting the hydraulic oil cylinder 101 to apply the static rock pressure to the hydrocarbon crude rock sample 107, simultaneously heating the hydrocarbon discharging migration device 207 and the hydrocarbon generation kettle 106 until the temperatures in the hydrocarbon generation kettle 106 and the hydrocarbon discharging migration device 207 are consistent, and performing a hydrocarbon generation simulation oil gas migration experiment.
The hydrocarbon generation simulation oil-gas migration experiment comprises the following steps: simulating a compaction seepage effect oil gas migration mode, simulating a pressurization microcrack hydrocarbon discharge migration mode and simulating an oil gas diffusion migration mode.
The oil-gas migration mode of the simulated compaction seepage effect is as follows: and opening the upper hydrocarbon stop valve 201 and the lower hydrocarbon stop valve 209, controlling the flow of the upper hydrocarbon stop valve 201 and the lower hydrocarbon stop valve 209, and opening the hydrocarbon discharge high-pressure pneumatic valve 202 to discharge the oil gas from the hydrocarbon generation system to the oil gas transfer system at one time under the action of pressure difference. In the process of heating the hydrocarbon generation kettle 106 by the electric heating furnace 105, along with the temperature rise and the hydrocarbon generation action, the pressure in the hydrocarbon generation kettle 106 is continuously raised, and the process of one-time migration of oil gas under the action of compaction is simulated.
The simulated pressurized micro-crack hydrocarbon discharge migration mode is as follows:
(1) opening the upper hydrocarbon stop valve 201 and the lower hydrocarbon stop valve 201, controlling the flow rate of the upper hydrocarbon stop valve 201 and the lower hydrocarbon stop valve 201, and closing the hydrocarbon discharge high-pressure pneumatic valve 201 to enable the hydrocarbon generation kettle 106 and the hydrocarbon discharge transportation device 207 to be in a non-communication state;
(2) setting the pressure difference between the hydrocarbon generation kettle 106 and the hydrocarbon discharge transportation device 207 according to the actual geological conditions;
(3) when the difference between the fluid pressure value in the hydrocarbon generation kettle 106 and the fluid pressure value in the hydrocarbon discharge transporting device 207 is larger than the set pressure difference, the hydrocarbon discharge high-pressure pneumatic valve 202 is automatically opened to discharge hydrocarbon, until the pressures in the hydrocarbon generation kettle 106 and the hydrocarbon discharge transporting device 207 are balanced, the pressure is adjusted to the set pressure difference value through the forward and backward hydrocarbon discharge metering pump 208, and the hydrocarbon discharge high-pressure pneumatic valve 202 is automatically closed;
(4) and (4) repeating the step (3) along with further compaction of the hydrocarbon source rock sample 107, temperature rise and continuous generation of oil gas, wherein the pressure of the fluid in the hydrocarbon generation kettle 106 can be continuously raised, when the difference between the pressure in the kettle and the pressure of the hydrocarbon discharging transportation device 207 exceeds a set value, the hydrocarbon discharging high-pressure pneumatic valve 202 can be opened again, and is closed again after balance is achieved, and the steps are repeated until the pressurized microcrack hydrocarbon discharging transportation process is finished. Along with the temperature rise and the hydrocarbon generation effect, the pressure in the hydrocarbon generation kettle 106 is continuously raised, a certain pressure difference value between the high-pressure hydrocarbon generation kettle 106 and the hydrocarbon discharging device 207 is set according to the actual geological conditions, and the oil and gas migration process is simulated when the oil and gas is subjected to pressurization and micro-crack hydrocarbon discharging.
The simulation method for oil-gas diffusion migration comprises the following steps:
opening a hydrocarbon discharging high-pressure pneumatic valve 202, an upper hydrocarbon discharging stop valve 201 and a lower hydrocarbon discharging stop valve 209 to enable the hydrocarbon generation kettle 106 and the hydrocarbon discharging transfer device 207 to be in a communication state and enable the fluid pressure of the hydrocarbon discharging transfer device and the hydrocarbon generation kettle to be equal;
when the pressure in the hydrocarbon generation system and the oil and gas migration system is larger than the set formation fluid pressure value, the hydrocarbon discharge metering pump 208 adjusts the pressure until the pressure returns to the formation fluid pressure value;
and (III) repeating the step (II) until the oil gas diffusion migration process is finished. Along with the generation of oil and gas, the oil and gas are moved to the hydrocarbon discharging device 207 under the compaction action; in the process, concentration difference is formed between the inside of the high-pressure hydrocarbon generation kettle 106 and the hydrocarbon discharge device 207, oil gas diffusion migration occurs, and the process that oil gas continuously migrates from the inside of the hydrocarbon source rock to the outside through compaction and concentration diffusion is simulated.
The system consists of a hydrocarbon generation system and an oil-gas migration system, wherein the hydrocarbon generation system and the oil-gas migration system are connected through a hydrocarbon discharge high-pressure pneumatic valve, and the communication state of the hydrocarbon generation system and the oil-gas migration system is automatically adjusted; according to the mechanism of oil gas migration under geological conditions, simulating an experimental device for oil gas migration under the actions of compaction seepage, micro-crack curtain opening caused by pressurization and concentration diffusion;
the experimental method can simulate the oil-gas migration process under the action of compaction seepage and the oil-gas diffusion migration process, and can also simulate the oil-gas migration process when the micro-cracks are pressurized to discharge hydrocarbons. The simulation of the oil-gas migration process only by means of the temperature difference of the biological storage system and the pressure difference generated by the volume expansion of the fluid is thoroughly changed, the migration condition of the oil-gas under the geological condition can be simulated really, the obtained data parameters are more scientific and reasonable, and the migration process of the oil-gas under the geological condition can be simulated really;
an oil-gas migration device with a certain pressure difference similar to the actual fluid pressure condition of the geologic body is designed.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, various modifications may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the technical features mentioned in the embodiments can be combined in any way as long as there is no structural conflict. It is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A device for simulating hydrocarbon migration processes under geological conditions, comprising: hydrocarbon-producing systems and oil and gas migration systems; the hydrocarbon generation system includes:
the hydrocarbon generating kettle is used for containing a hydrocarbon raw rock sample; an upper hydrocarbon discharging port is formed in the top of the hydrocarbon generating kettle, and a lower hydrocarbon feeding and discharging port is formed in one side of the hydrocarbon generating kettle;
the electric heating furnace is arranged around the hydrocarbon generation kettle and used for heating the hydrocarbon generation kettle;
a fluid high-pressure container, one end of which is provided with a high-pressure metering pump for injecting high-pressure fluid into the hydrocarbon generation kettle;
the hydraulic equipment is used for sealing the hydrocarbon raw rock sample in the hydrocarbon generation kettle and applying the static rock pressure to the hydrocarbon raw rock sample;
the hydrocarbon migration system includes:
the hydrocarbon discharging transfer device comprises an upper cavity and a lower cavity, the upper cavity is respectively communicated with the hydrocarbon generating kettle and the fluid high-pressure container, and the lower cavity is communicated with the hydrocarbon discharging metering pump; the tubular heating furnace is arranged around the hydrocarbon discharge transportation device and used for heating the hydrocarbon discharge transportation device;
the collecting pneumatic valve is communicated with the upper cavity and is used for discharging the pressure in the upper cavity;
the hydrocarbon generation system is connected with the hydrocarbon discharge transportation device through an upper hydrocarbon discharge stop valve, a lower hydrocarbon discharge stop valve and a hydrocarbon discharge high-pressure pneumatic valve; the upper-discharge hydrocarbon stop valve and the lower-discharge hydrocarbon stop valve are used for controlling the flow of discharged hydrocarbon in the hydrocarbon generation kettle, and the hydrocarbon discharge high-pressure pneumatic valve is used for opening and closing a communication channel between the hydrocarbon generation system and the hydrocarbon discharge transportation device; and an injection solenoid valve is arranged at the outlet of the fluid high-pressure container, the outlet of the injection solenoid valve is respectively connected with the lower hydrocarbon inlet and outlet port and communicated with the upper cavity of the hydrocarbon discharge migration device through a fluid high-pressure pneumatic valve and a reverse drive solenoid valve, and formation fluid is injected into the hydrocarbon generation kettle and the hydrocarbon discharge migration device under pressure.
2. The device for simulating the oil and gas migration process under the geological condition according to claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbon generation system further comprises a portal frame and a positioning top column, the portal frame comprises a top beam and a base which are parallel to each other, and two vertical beams which are perpendicular to the top beam and the base, one end of the positioning top column is in contact with the top of the hydrocarbon generation kettle, the other end of the positioning top column penetrates through the top beam of the portal frame and is fixedly connected with the top beam, and the hydrocarbon generation kettle is fixed in the center of the portal frame.
3. The device for simulating the oil and gas migration process under the geological condition according to claim 2, wherein the hydraulic equipment comprises a hydraulic oil cylinder, an outer piston rod arranged on the hydraulic oil cylinder and an inner piston rod arranged in the center of the outer piston rod, the hydraulic oil cylinder is arranged in the center of the outer side of the portal frame base, the outer piston rod is used for sealing the hydrocarbon generation kettle, and the inner piston rod is used for applying the static rock pressure on the raw rock sample in the hydrocarbon generation kettle.
4. A method of simulating hydrocarbon migration processes under geological conditions, carried out using the apparatus of claim 3, wherein:
the method comprises the following steps:
setting temperatures, static rock pressures and formation fluid pressure values corresponding to different evolution stages according to the temperature and pressure of underground actual buried depth evolution of the region where the hydrocarbon original rock sample is located;
secondly, placing the hydrocarbon raw rock sample into a hydrocarbon generation kettle, driving an outer piston rod to seal the hydrocarbon generation kettle through a hydraulic oil cylinder, and driving an inner piston rod to apply static rock pressure to the hydrocarbon raw rock sample according to the set static rock pressure;
thirdly, applying formation fluid pressure to the hydrocarbon generation kettle and the hydrocarbon discharge transportation device through a fluid high-pressure container, and standing for 3-5 hours;
fourthly, after the pressures of the hydrocarbon generation system and the oil and gas migration system are not changed any more, closing the upper hydrocarbon discharge stop valve, the lower hydrocarbon discharge stop valve and the hydrocarbon discharge high-pressure pneumatic valve, opening the collection pneumatic valve, and discharging the pressure in the hydrocarbon discharge migration device to enable the pressure in the hydrocarbon discharge migration device to be zero; then closing the collecting pneumatic valve, the fluid high-pressure pneumatic valve, the injection solenoid valve and the back drive solenoid valve; and starting a hydraulic oil cylinder to apply static rock pressure on the hydrocarbon raw rock sample, heating the hydrocarbon generation and transportation device and the hydrocarbon generation kettle at the same time, and performing a hydrocarbon generation simulation oil gas transportation experiment when the temperatures in the hydrocarbon generation kettle and the hydrocarbon generation and transportation device are consistent.
5. The method of simulating hydrocarbon migration processes under geological conditions of claim 4, wherein the hydrocarbon generation simulation hydrocarbon migration experiment comprises: simulating a compaction seepage effect oil gas migration mode, simulating a pressurization microcrack hydrocarbon discharge migration mode and simulating an oil gas diffusion migration mode.
6. The method for simulating hydrocarbon migration process under geological conditions of claim 5, wherein the simulating compaction seepage effect hydrocarbon migration manner is: and opening the upper hydrocarbon discharging stop valve and the lower hydrocarbon discharging stop valve, controlling the flow rate, and opening the hydrocarbon discharging high-pressure pneumatic valve to discharge the oil gas from the hydrocarbon generation system to the oil gas transfer system at one time under the action of pressure difference.
7. The method for simulating hydrocarbon migration process under geological conditions according to claim 5, wherein the simulation pressurizing micro-crack hydrocarbon migration mode is as follows:
(1) opening the upper hydrocarbon discharging stop valve and the lower hydrocarbon discharging stop valve, controlling the flow rate, and closing the hydrocarbon discharging high-pressure pneumatic valve to enable the hydrocarbon generation kettle and the hydrocarbon discharging transfer device to be in a non-communication state;
(2) setting the pressure difference between the hydrocarbon generation kettle and the hydrocarbon discharge transportation device according to actual geological conditions;
(3) when the difference between the fluid pressure value in the hydrocarbon generation kettle and the fluid pressure value in the hydrocarbon discharge transporting device is larger than the set pressure difference, the hydrocarbon discharge high-pressure pneumatic valve is automatically opened to discharge hydrocarbon, and after the pressures in the hydrocarbon generation kettle and the hydrocarbon discharge transporting device are balanced, the pressure is adjusted to the set pressure difference value through the forward and backward hydrocarbon discharge metering pump, and the hydrocarbon discharge high-pressure pneumatic valve is automatically closed;
(4) and (4) repeating the step (3) until the pressurized micro-crack hydrocarbon-discharging migration process is finished.
8. The method of simulating hydrocarbon migration processes under geological conditions of claim 5, wherein said simulating hydrocarbon diffusion migration patterns comprises:
opening a hydrocarbon discharging high-pressure pneumatic valve, an upper hydrocarbon discharging stop valve and a lower hydrocarbon discharging stop valve to enable the hydrocarbon generation kettle and the hydrocarbon discharging migration device to be in a communication state, and enabling the fluid pressure of the hydrocarbon discharging migration device to be equal to that of the hydrocarbon generation kettle;
when the pressure in the hydrocarbon generation system and the oil and gas migration system is larger than the set formation fluid pressure value, the hydrocarbon discharge metering pump adjusts the pressure until the pressure returns to the formation fluid pressure value;
and (III) repeating the step (II) until the oil gas diffusion migration process is finished.
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| CN111595733B (en) * | 2019-02-21 | 2023-07-18 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Oil reservoir liquid hydrocarbon micro-leakage simulation experiment system |
| CN112147300A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2020-12-29 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Device and method for simulating diagenesis reaction of hydrocarbon-containing fluid and reservoir rock formation |
| CN114441735A (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2022-05-06 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Hydraulic transmission device of hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon generation kettle |
| CN115475573B (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2024-04-12 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Hydrocarbon generation and drainage dynamics experiment device and method for simulating geological process |
| CN114067651B (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-04-22 | 中国石油大学胜利学院 | Physical simulation device for hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharge and oil-gas migration and accumulation |
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