CN114708780B - Physical simulation experiment device and method for volcano formation - Google Patents
Physical simulation experiment device and method for volcano formation Download PDFInfo
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- CN114708780B CN114708780B CN202210512381.6A CN202210512381A CN114708780B CN 114708780 B CN114708780 B CN 114708780B CN 202210512381 A CN202210512381 A CN 202210512381A CN 114708780 B CN114708780 B CN 114708780B
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- F16M11/28—Undercarriages for supports with one single telescoping pillar
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Abstract
The invention provides a physical simulation experiment device for volcanic mud formation and a method thereof, belonging to the technical field of marine volcanic mud formation simulation experiments, wherein the physical simulation experiment device for volcanic mud formation comprises a sand box, an image recording component, a high-pressure liquid/gas injection component and a pressure recording component, wherein the image recording component comprises a high-definition camera and a camera bracket, and the high-definition camera is arranged on the camera bracket; the camera support comprises a base, a lifting arm and a telescopic arm, wherein the lifting arm is vertically arranged on the base, and the telescopic arm is vertically arranged on the lifting arm; the lifting arm is including forming columniform first support column, lifter and elevating system, be arranged in the columniform first support column elevating system through the camera mount that sets up, under the effect of lifting arm and flexible arm, can realize that the high definition camera makes a video recording to a plurality of angles of mud volcano who forms, provides the video foundation for mud volcano appearance analysis.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of marine mud volcano formation simulation experiments, and particularly relates to a physical simulation experiment device and method for mud volcano formation.
Background
The seabed cold spring system is a fluid activity which is driven by overpressure from fluid rich in hydrocarbon or sediment in deep stratum, moves upwards along a structural activity part such as a fault or a weak zone and forms a special geologic body such as a mud volcano on the seabed. The cold spring system can be divided into mud bottom and pit, air chimney, mud volcano, pit, etc. according to different development stages in the forming process. The development and distribution of the cold spring system are closely related to the decomposition and formation of natural gas hydrate or the natural gas and petroleum resources under the sea, so that the cold spring system has an indicating function on deep oil and gas exploration and also has an important function in the aspects of environmental research and ocean engineering. At present, the research on the formation mechanism of mud volcanoes mainly relates to geological and geophysical description, geochemical analysis, geophysical exploration, numerical simulation and other aspects, but the formation evolution process and the formation mechanism of fluid leakage structures of mud volcanoes and the like still do not form a definite theory so far.
The physical simulation experiment is a test method for simulating and reconstructing geological phenomena in natural environment by using physical experiments, and mainly aims to reproduce various geological phenomena through the physical simulation experiment in a laboratory, observe the formation and evolution processes of various geological phenomena under preset conditions, and discuss the characteristics, main control factors and formation mechanisms of the geological phenomena. For geological structures such as mud volcanoes with large time scale of evolution process, deep source rock layer, complex eruption process and inconvenient exploration, the known control elements are utilized, the evolution process can be effectively reproduced through a physical simulation experiment method, and the key control elements in the formation process are determined.
The physical simulation experiment of the sand box is a very effective research means aiming at the research of formation cause and the research of geological structure deformation. The sand box simulation experiment device has a long application history, and particularly in recent decades, along with the development and maturity of physical simulation experiments, the sand box simulation experiment device is rapidly developed, and the original simulation of a single geological action gradually develops to the simulation of a composite action of a plurality of geological phenomena (Shixiu, pengpeng and the like, 2007). The sand box simulation experiment device designed by professor McClay of university of London, england can realize simpler one-dimensional simulation experiments such as stretching, extrusion and the like through the movement of the bottom of the device; the sand box simulation experiment equipment of China Petroleum university (Beijing) is improved on the basis of equipment of university of London, england, and is additionally provided with a displacement driving system and an experiment process recording system, so that the simulation of various geological phenomena such as extrusion, stretching, sliding, lifting and the like can be realized. The sand box simulation equipment of the national institute of geological science of petrochemical victory oil field is the currently advanced and complete physical simulation experiment equipment, and the equipment has a complete driving system, a diapir system, a recording system and a computer quantitative control system. The geological phenomena that it can simulate are also more comprehensive and complicated, because it can carry out quantitative control to various parameters simultaneously, be favorable to quantitative analysis and data processing after the experiment, be one set of sand box physical simulation experimental facilities comparatively ideal at present at home and abroad. The sand box for simulating the formation deformation structural characteristics of the formation of the northeast oil university systematically simulates the forming process of the diapir under the high-temperature gas-liquid injection process. In fact, due to the complexity of geological movements, it is impossible for a set of experimental apparatus to fully satisfy the conditions for simulating its various movements, so that different sand box experimental systems need to be developed according to different actual geological background conditions (Zhou Jian, 1999).
At present, the prior art mainly focuses on the simulation of geologic phenomena such as squeezing, stretching, sliding, lifting, high-temperature gas-liquid injection to form a diapir in a sandbox, while the attention on the process of lower liquid or gas injection and the simulation of the process of liquid invading the stratum and puncturing the stratum to form mud volcanoes on the ground surface is less, and especially under different pressure conditions, the simulation of the process of liquid/gas injection to form mud volcanoes is less.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a physical simulation experiment device for mud volcano formation and a method thereof, aiming at solving the problems that the injection process of fluid or gas at the lower part of the existing mud volcano physical simulation experiment device and the simulation attention of liquid invading stratum and puncturing the stratum to form mud volcano on the ground surface are less.
In view of the above problems, the technical solution proposed by the present invention is:
in a first aspect, a physical simulation experiment device for mud volcano formation comprises a sand box consisting of an aluminum alloy bottom plate and tempered glass arranged on the aluminum alloy bottom plate, and further comprises:
the image recording assembly is used for recording sedimentary layer deformation and liquid/gas migration paths in the mud volcano forming process, and comprises a high-definition camera and a camera bracket, wherein the high-definition camera is arranged on the camera bracket;
the camera support comprises a base, a lifting arm and a telescopic arm, wherein the lifting arm is vertically arranged on the base, and the telescopic arm is vertically arranged on the lifting arm;
the lifting arm comprises a first cylindrical support column, a lifting rod and a lifting mechanism, wherein the lifting mechanism is arranged in the first cylindrical support column, so that one end of the lifting rod can freely slide in the first cylindrical support column;
the telescopic arm comprises a second cylindrical support column, a moving rod and a telescopic mechanism, wherein the telescopic mechanism is arranged in the second cylindrical support column, so that one end of the moving rod can freely slide in the second cylindrical support column, and the second cylindrical support column penetrates through the lifting rod;
the high-pressure liquid/gas injection assembly is used for injecting fluid into the sand box and comprises a pressure-resistant corrugated pipe, a displacement pump, a vegetable oil container, a second one-way valve, a three-way valve, a high-pressure gas tank and a four-way check valve, the vegetable oil container and the high-pressure gas tank are respectively communicated with two input ends of the three-way valve through the pressure-resistant corrugated pipe, the pressure-resistant corrugated pipe between the vegetable oil container and the three-way valve is connected with the displacement pump, and the second one-way valve is arranged on the pressure-resistant corrugated pipe between the displacement pump and the three-way valve as well as between the high-pressure gas tank and the three-way valve; the output end of the three-way valve is communicated with the input end of the four-way check valve through the pressure-resistant corrugated pipe;
the pressure recording assembly comprises a pressure sensor, a data line, a pressure data recorder and a computer, wherein at least one pressure sensor is arranged along the pressure-resistant corrugated pipe and in the sand box, the pressure sensor is connected with the pressure data recorder through the data line, and the pressure data recorder is connected with the computer through the data line.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the high-definition camera is arranged on at least three surfaces of the sand box.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the aluminum alloy bottom plate is at least provided with three round holes, and a first one-way valve is arranged in each round hole.
As a preferable technical solution of the present invention, three output ends of the four-way check valve are respectively communicated with each of the first check valves.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, at least four control buttons are arranged on the base.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, a silica gel layer is laid on the aluminum alloy bottom plate, quartz sand layers with different colors and particle sizes are alternately laid on the upper part of the silica gel layer, tap water is injected into the upper part of the last quartz sand layer, and the pressure sensor is arranged in each silica gel layer and each quartz sand layer; wherein, the quartz sand layer is at least 4 layers.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the lifting mechanism includes a supporting plate, a mounting plate forming a C-shape, a fixing plate forming a Z-shape, a lifting plate forming an annular shape, a first lead screw, a first motor, a base, a sliding sleeve, and a first guide rod, the supporting plate is fixed in the first cylindrical support column, the supporting plate is fixedly connected to the mounting plate forming a C-shape through the fixing plate forming a Z-shape, the annular lifting plate is disposed between the supporting plate and the mounting plate forming a C-shape, the first lead screw is connected to the annular lifting plate in a threaded manner, the first motor is mounted at the bottom of the mounting plate forming a C-shape, an output end of the first motor is connected to the first lead screw in a keyed manner, the base is fixedly connected to the annular lifting plate through a mounting seat distributed around an inner wall of the annular lifting plate, the annular lifting plate is provided with two sliding sleeves, the first guide rods are disposed in the two sliding sleeves, and two ends of the two first guide rods are respectively fixedly connected to the supporting plate and the mounting plate forming a triangular support structure.
As a preferred technical scheme of the present invention, the telescopic mechanism includes a rectangular support frame, a first bevel gear, a second bevel gear, a transmission shaft, a second motor, a second guide rod, a push-pull plate, a screw sleeve and a second screw rod, three sides of the rectangular support frame are respectively provided with a first through hole, a second through hole and a third through hole, two sides of the third through hole are provided with slide holes, the first through hole and the second through hole are respectively connected with the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear which are engaged with each other through bearings, an inner shaft of the second bevel gear is connected with the transmission shaft, the other end of the transmission shaft is connected with an output end of the second motor, the second motor is mounted on an outer surface of the second cylindrical support column through a protective shell, a sliding second guide rod is arranged in each slide hole, the push-pull plate is fixedly connected between one end of the two second guide rods, an end of the moving rod close to the second cylindrical support column is fixedly connected with the push-pull plate, the third through a bearing is connected with the screw sleeve, one end of the screw sleeve is connected with an inner shaft of the first bevel gear and another end of the screw rod, and one end of the second bevel gear is fixedly connected with the push-pull plate.
As a preferable technical solution of the present invention, a first gear is sleeved on an end portion of the moving rod close to the lifting rod, the first gear is engaged with a second gear, a third motor is disposed on a side opposite to the second gear, an output end of the third motor is connected with an inner shaft of the second gear in a key manner, and an inner shell of the third motor is fixed on the lifting rod.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a physical simulation experiment method for mud volcano formation, which comprises the following steps:
s1, simulating the laying of a bottom layer: paving a silica gel layer on the aluminum alloy bottom plate, alternately paving quartz sand layers with different colors and particle sizes on the upper part of the silica gel layer, and adding tap water with the depth of 10cm to the second quartz sand layer; wherein, each layer of the silica gel layer and the quartz sand layer is 1cm thick, and the thickness of the quartz sand layer is at least 4;
s2, multidirectional adjustment of the high-definition camera: firstly, a first motor is electrified to drive a first screw rod to rotate by treading on a control button by feet, a lifting plate longitudinally slides along a first guide rod through a sliding sleeve and drives a base in the lifting plate to longitudinally move so that a lifting rod can move along with the base to realize height adjustment, secondly, a second motor is electrified to drive a transmission shaft and a second bevel gear to rotate by treading on the control button by feet, the first bevel gear drives a threaded sleeve to rotate and drives a second screw rod to transversely move under the transmission kinetic energy of the second bevel gear, so that a push-pull plate drives a moving rod to transversely move, and finally, a third motor is electrified to drive the second gear to rotate by treading on the control button and can drive the first gear to rotate so that the moving rod circularly moves;
s3, carrying out a first round of experiment: synchronously starting a pressure recording component and an image recording component, simultaneously opening a high-pressure gas tank, enabling high-pressure gas to be conveyed through a pressure-resistant corrugated pipe and sprayed out of a first one-way valve, adjusting the pressure of the gas from small to large, observing the change characteristics of settled layers which are respectively formed by silica gel layers and quartz sand layers and are stacked in a crossed mode at the positions of the first one-way valves, keeping the pressure of the gas constant when bubbles are formed in tap water when the pressure of the gas is large and the settled layers pass through the settled layers, observing the change characteristics of the silica gel layers and the quartz sand layers, stopping gas supply, observing the settled layers in detail, recording the internal characteristics of mud volcanoes and the appearance characteristics of the surface layer, synchronously analyzing the pressure change characteristics, then extracting tap water on the upper portions of the settled layers by using a plastic hose, longitudinally cutting and separating the settled layers by using a cutter, observing the change characteristics of the sediments at the nozzle of the first one-way valve, and recording and taking a picture;
s4, second round experiment: electrifying the positive displacement pump, starting to convey high-pressure vegetable oil, replacing high-pressure gas in the first round of experiment, and keeping the rest experiment processes unchanged;
s5, third experiment: the high-pressure gas tank and the positive displacement pump are both started to convey the mixture of high-pressure gas and high-pressure vegetable oil, and the rest of the experimental processes are unchanged.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The purpose of simulating a mud volcano formation experiment is achieved by injecting high-pressure gas, high-pressure vegetable oil or a mixture of the high-pressure gas and the high-pressure vegetable oil into the lower portion of the silica gel layer through the silica gel layer and the quartz sand layer, so that the process that liquid/gas penetrates different stratums and forms mud volcano and upper plume and a path for fluid to move in the stratums are simulated after the high-pressure gas, the high-pressure vegetable oil or the mixture of the high-pressure gas and the high-pressure vegetable oil is injected under different pressure driving conditions.
(2) Through the camera support who sets up, under the effect of lifing arm and flexible arm, can realize that high definition camera makes a video recording to a plurality of angles of mud volcano that form, provides the video basis for mud volcano appearance analysis.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention are described below in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood and to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understandable.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a physical simulation experimental apparatus for mud volcano formation disclosed in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a sand box of a physical simulation experiment device for mud volcano formation, which is disclosed by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of a camera stand of a physical simulation experiment apparatus for mud volcano formation, disclosed in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a lifting arm of a physical simulation experiment device for mud volcano formation disclosed in the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a lifting mechanism of a physical simulation experiment device for mud volcano formation disclosed by the invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a telescopic arm of a physical simulation experiment apparatus for mud volcano formation disclosed in the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a second supporting pillar of the physical simulation experiment apparatus for mud volcano formation disclosed in the present invention;
fig. 8 is a flowchart of a physical simulation experiment method for mud volcano formation disclosed in the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1. an aluminum alloy base plate; 2. tempering the glass; 201. a silica gel layer; 202. a quartz sand layer; 203. tap water; 3. a high-definition camera; 4. a camera mount; 410. a base; 411. a control button; 420. a lifting arm; 421. a first support column; 422. a lifting rod; 423. a lifting mechanism; 4231. a support plate; 4232. mounting a plate; 4233. a fixing plate; 4234. a lifting plate; 4235. a first lead screw; 4236. a first motor; 4237. a base; 4237a, a mounting seat; 4238. a sliding sleeve; 4239. a first guide bar; 430. a telescopic arm; 431. a second support column; 432. a travel bar; 432a, a housing; 432b, a first gear; 432c, a second gear; 432d, a third motor; 433. a telescoping mechanism; 4331. a support frame; 4331a, a first via hole; 4331b, a second through hole; 4331c, third via holes; 4331d, guide holes; 4332. a first bevel gear; 4333. a second bevel gear; 4334. a drive shaft; 4335. a second motor; 4335a, a protective shell; 4336. a second guide bar; 4337. a push-pull plate; 4338. a threaded sleeve; 4339. a second lead screw; 5. a pressure-resistant bellows; 6. a first check valve; 7. a positive displacement pump; 8. a vegetable oil container; 9. a second one-way valve; 10. a pressure sensor; 11. a three-way valve; 12. a high pressure gas tank; 13. a data line; 14. a pressure data recorder; 15. a computer; 16. four-way check valve.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive efforts based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined or explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, merely for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
Example one
Referring to the attached drawings 1 to 7, the invention provides a technical scheme: a physical simulation experiment device for volcanic mud formation comprises a sand box, an image recording component, a high-pressure liquid/gas injection component and a pressure recording component;
referring to the attached drawings 1-2, the sand box is composed of an aluminum alloy bottom plate 1 and toughened glass 2 arranged on the aluminum alloy bottom plate 1, a silica gel layer 201 is laid on the aluminum alloy bottom plate 1, quartz sand layers 202 with different colors and particle sizes are alternately laid on the upper portions of the silica gel layers, tap water 203 is injected into the upper portion of the last quartz sand layer 202, and pressure sensors 10 are arranged in each of the silica gel layer 201 and the quartz sand layer 202; wherein, the quartz sand layer is at least 4 layers.
In this embodiment, the purpose of simulating a mud volcano formation experiment is achieved by injecting high-pressure gas, high-pressure vegetable oil or a mixture of high-pressure gas and high-pressure vegetable oil through the silica gel layer 201 and the quartz sand layer 202 and at the lower part of the silica gel layer 201, so that the process of simulating liquid/gas to puncture different stratums and form mud volcano and upper plume and a path for fluid to move in the stratums are realized after the high-pressure gas, the high-pressure vegetable oil or the mixture of high-pressure gas and high-pressure vegetable oil is injected under different pressure driving conditions.
For example, when the quartz sand layer is laid, the first layer is white quartz sand, the second layer is brown quartz sand, the third layer is white quartz sand and the fourth layer is brown quartz sand, and the steps are alternately carried out; the first and third layers and the second and fourth layers have different quartz sand particle sizes.
Referring to fig. 3 to 7, the image recording assembly includes a high-definition camera 3 and a camera support 4, and the high-definition camera 3 is mounted on the camera support 4; the camera support 4 comprises a base 410, a lifting arm 420 and a telescopic arm 430, wherein the lifting arm 420 is vertically arranged on the base 410, and the telescopic arm 430 is vertically arranged on the lifting arm 420; the lifting arm 420 includes a first support column 421 formed in a cylindrical shape, a lifting rod 422, and a lifting mechanism 423, the lifting mechanism 423 being disposed in the first support column 421 so that one end of the lifting rod 422 can freely slide in the first support column 421; the telescopic arm 430 includes a second support column 431 formed in a cylindrical shape, a moving rod 432, and a telescopic mechanism 433, the telescopic mechanism 433 is disposed in the second support column 431 in a cylindrical shape so that one end of the moving rod 432 can freely slide in the second support column 431 in a cylindrical shape, and the second support column 431 in a cylindrical shape is inserted through the lifting rod 422.
Referring to fig. 1, the high-pressure liquid/gas injection assembly includes a pressure-resistant corrugated pipe 5, a positive displacement pump 7, a vegetable oil container 8, a second one-way valve 9, a three-way valve 11, a high-pressure gas tank 12 and a four-way check valve 16, wherein the vegetable oil container 8 and the high-pressure gas tank 12 are respectively communicated with two input ends of the three-way valve 11 through the pressure-resistant corrugated pipe 5, the pressure-resistant corrugated pipe 5 between the vegetable oil container 8 and the three-way valve 11 is connected with the positive displacement pump 7, and the second one-way valve 9 is arranged on the pressure-resistant corrugated pipe 5 between the positive displacement pump 7 and the three-way valve 11 as well as between the high-pressure gas tank 12 and the three-way valve 11; the output end of the three-way valve 11 is communicated with the input end of the four-way check valve 16 through the pressure-resistant bellows 5.
In the embodiment, the positive displacement pump 7 is used for pumping and pressurizing the vegetable oil container 8 to the sand box; the application of the high-pressure air tank 12, which can deliver high-pressure air to the sand box; the use of the second check valve 9 and the four-way check valve 16 prevents the high-pressure gas, the high-pressure vegetable oil, or the mixture of the high-pressure gas and the high-pressure vegetable oil from flowing backward.
Referring to fig. 1, the pressure recording assembly includes a pressure sensor 10, a data line 13, a pressure data recorder 14 and a computer 15, at least one pressure sensor 10 is disposed along the pressure-resistant bellows 5 and in the sand box, the pressure sensor 10 is connected to the pressure data recorder 14 through the data line 13, and the pressure data recorder 14 is connected to the computer 15 through the data line 13.
In this embodiment, the pressure sensor 10 is used for monitoring the pressures of the silica gel layer 201, the quartz sand layer 202 and the pressure-resistant corrugated pipe 5 in the experiment process, so that not only is the collection of pressure data for the experiment analysis facilitated, but also the adjustment and the reference of the pressure are facilitated.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the flask is provided with high definition cameras 3 on at least three sides. The method can be used for shooting at multiple angles, and provides video basis for mud volcano morphology analysis.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the aluminum alloy bottom plate 1 is formed with at least three circular holes, and each circular hole is provided with a first check valve 6. The first check valve 6 can not only eject the high-pressure gas, the high-pressure vegetable oil, or the mixture of the high-pressure gas and the high-pressure vegetable oil, but also prevent the high-pressure gas, the high-pressure vegetable oil, or the mixture of the high-pressure gas and the high-pressure vegetable oil from flowing backward.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, three output ports of the four-way check valve 16 are respectively communicated with each first check valve 6.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the base 410 is provided with at least four control buttons 411. Each control button 411 corresponds to a function of the camera support 4, such as lifting of the lifting mechanism 423, telescoping of the telescoping mechanism 433, rotation of the moving arm, and adjustment of the lens angle of the high definition camera 3; wherein the high definition camera 3 may be a pan-tilt-head high definition camera 3.
Referring to fig. 4 to 5, the lifting mechanism 423 includes a support plate 4231, a mounting plate 4232 forming a C shape, a fixing plate 4233 forming a Z shape, a lifting plate 4234 forming a ring shape, a first lead screw 4235, a first motor 4236, a base 4237, a sliding sleeve 4238 and a first guide rod 4239, the support plate 4231 is fixed in the first cylindrical support column 421, the support plate 4231 is fixedly connected with the mounting plate 4232 forming a C shape through the fixing plate 4233 forming a Z shape, the lifting plate 4234 forming a ring shape is arranged between the support plate 4231 and the mounting plate 4232 forming a C shape, the lifting plate 4234 forming a ring shape is in threaded connection with the first lead screw 4235, the first motor 4236 is arranged at the bottom of the mounting plate 4232 forming a C shape, the output end of the first motor 4236 is connected with the first lead screw 4235, the base 4237 is connected with the lifting plate 4234 forming a ring shape through a mounting seat 4237a key distributed around the inner wall of the lifting plate 4234 forming a ring shape, two sliding sleeve 4238 are arranged on the lifting plate 4234, and the two ends of the mounting plate 4239 and the first guide rod 4239 and the two triangular support plate 4239 and the first guide rod 4239 are respectively.
In this embodiment, when the control button 411 is stepped on by a foot, the first motor 4236 is energized to drive the first lead screw 4235 to rotate, the lifting plate 4234 slides longitudinally along the first guide rod 4239 through the sliding sleeve 4238, and the base 4237 in the lifting plate 4234 is driven to move longitudinally, so that the lifting rod 422 moves longitudinally along the base 4237 to realize height adjustment.
Referring to fig. 6, the telescopic mechanism 433 includes a support frame 4331, a first bevel gear 4332, a second bevel gear 4333, a transmission shaft 4334, a second motor 4335, a second guide rod 4336, a push-pull plate 4337, a threaded sleeve 4338, and a second lead screw 4339, three sides of the rectangular support frame 4331 are respectively provided with a first through hole 4331a, a second through hole 4331b, and a third through hole 4331c, two sides of the third through hole 4331c are provided with sliding holes, the first through hole 4331a and the second through hole 4331b are respectively connected with a first bevel gear 4332 and a second bevel gear 4333 through bearings, which are engaged with each other, an inner shaft of the second bevel gear 4333 is connected with the transmission shaft 4334, the other end of the transmission shaft 4334 is connected with an output end of the second motor 4335, the second motor 4335 is mounted on an outer surface of the second cylindrical support column 431 through a protective shell 4335a, each sliding second guide rod 4336 is disposed in each sliding hole, a 4337 is fixedly connected between one end of the two second guide rods 4336, a 4337 is fixedly connected with an inner end of the push-pull rod 4339 of the push-pull plate 4339 is connected with the inner shaft 4339 of the push-pull plate 4339, and a cylindrical support column 4339 is connected with the inner shaft 4339, and a threaded sleeve 4339 is connected with the inner end of the second lead screw of the second guide rod 4338.
In this embodiment, the second motor 4335 is powered on to drive the transmission shaft 4334 and the second bevel gear 4333 to rotate by stepping on the control button 411, and the first bevel gear 4332 drives the threaded sleeve 4338 to rotate and the second lead screw 4339 to move laterally under the kinetic energy transmitted by the second bevel gear 4333, so that the push-pull plate 4337 drives the moving rod 432 to follow the lateral movement.
Referring to fig. 7, a first gear 432b is sleeved on an end portion of the moving rod 432 close to the lifting rod 422, the first gear 432b is engaged with a second gear 432c, a third motor 432d is disposed on a side opposite to the second gear 432c, an output end of the third motor 432d is connected with an inner shaft of the second gear 432c in a key manner, and the third motor 432d is fixed on the lifting rod 422 by a housing 432 a.
In this embodiment, the third motor 432d is powered to rotate the second gear 432c by stepping on the control button 411, and the first gear 432b is driven to rotate to move the moving rod 432 circularly.
Example two
Referring to fig. 8, another physical simulation experiment method for volcanic mud formation according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
s1, simulating the laying of a bottom layer: a silica gel layer 201 is laid on the aluminum alloy bottom plate 1, quartz sand layers 202 with different colors and particle sizes are alternately laid on the upper portion of the silica gel layer, and tap water 203 with the depth of 10cm is added on the second quartz sand layer 202; wherein, each layer of the silica gel layer 201 and the quartz sand layer 202 is 1cm thick, and the quartz sand layer is at least 4 layers;
s2, multi-directional adjustment of the high-definition camera: firstly, a first motor 4236 is electrified to drive a first screw rod 4235 to rotate by stepping on a control button 411, a lifting plate 4234 longitudinally slides along a first guide rod 4239 through a sliding sleeve 4238 and drives a base 4237 in the lifting plate 4234 to longitudinally move so that a lifting rod 422 longitudinally moves along the base 4237 to realize height adjustment, secondly, a second motor 4335 is electrified to drive a transmission shaft 4334 and a second bevel gear 4333 to rotate by stepping on the control button 411, under the transmission kinetic energy of the second bevel gear 4333, a first bevel gear 4332 drives a threaded sleeve 4338 to rotate and enables the second screw rod 4339 to transversely move, so that a push-pull plate 4337 drives a moving rod 432 to transversely move, and finally, a third motor 432d is electrified to drive a second gear 432c to rotate by stepping on the control button 411 and can drive a first gear 432b to rotate so that the moving rod 432 circularly moves;
s3, carrying out a first round of experiment: synchronously opening a pressure recording component and an image recording component, simultaneously opening a high-pressure gas tank 12, enabling high-pressure gas to pass through a pressure-resistant corrugated pipe 5 and be sprayed out of a first one-way valve 6, observing the change characteristics of settled layers formed by crossed stacking of a silica gel layer 201 and a quartz sand layer 202 at each first one-way valve 6 through the adjustment of small and large gas pressure, when bubbles are formed in tap water 203 when the gas pressure is large and the settled layers pass through, keeping the gas pressure constant at the moment, observing for 1 minute, recording the change characteristics of each silica gel layer 201 and each quartz sand layer 202, then stopping gas supply, observing the settled layers in detail, recording the characteristics of the interior of a mud volcano and the appearance characteristics of the outermost layer, synchronously analyzing the pressure change characteristics, then extracting the tap water 203 at the upper part of the settled layers by using a plastic hose, longitudinally cutting and separating the settled layers by using a cutter, observing the change characteristics of photographed sediments at the nozzle of the first one-way valve 6, and recording;
s4, carrying out a second experiment: the positive displacement pump 7 is electrified to start to convey high-pressure vegetable oil to replace high-pressure gas in the first round of experiment, and the rest experiment processes are unchanged;
s5, third experiment: the high-pressure gas tank 12 and the positive displacement pump 7 are both started to convey the mixture of high-pressure gas and high-pressure vegetable oil, and the rest of the experimental processes are unchanged.
It should be noted that the model specifications of the control button 411, the high definition camera 3, the first motor 4236, the second motor 4335, the third motor 432d, the first check valve 6, the second check valve 9, the pressure sensor 10 and the pressure data recorder 14 need to be determined by type selection according to the actual specification of the device, and the specific type selection calculation method adopts the prior art in the field, and therefore, detailed description is omitted.
The power supply and the principle of the control button 411, the high definition camera 3, the first motor 4236, the second motor 4335, the third motor 432d, the first check valve 6, the second check valve 9, the pressure sensor 10 and the pressure data recorder 14 are clear to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail herein.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a physical simulation experiment device that mud volcano formed, this physical simulation experiment device includes by the aluminum alloy bottom plate with arrange the sand box that toughened glass on the aluminum alloy bottom plate constitutes, its characterized in that still includes:
the image recording assembly is used for recording sedimentary layer deformation and liquid/gas migration paths in the mud volcano forming process, and comprises a high-definition camera and a camera bracket, wherein the high-definition camera is arranged on the camera bracket;
the camera support comprises a base, a lifting arm and a telescopic arm, wherein the lifting arm is vertically arranged on the base, and the telescopic arm is vertically arranged on the lifting arm;
the lifting arm comprises a first cylindrical support column, a lifting rod and a lifting mechanism, wherein the lifting mechanism is arranged in the first cylindrical support column, so that one end of the lifting rod can freely slide in the first cylindrical support column;
the telescopic arm comprises a second cylindrical support column, a moving rod and a telescopic mechanism, wherein the telescopic mechanism is arranged in the second cylindrical support column, so that one end of the moving rod can freely slide in the second cylindrical support column, and the second cylindrical support column penetrates through the lifting rod;
the high-pressure liquid/gas injection assembly is used for injecting fluid into the sand box and comprises a pressure-resistant corrugated pipe, a displacement pump, a vegetable oil container, a second one-way valve, a three-way valve, a high-pressure gas tank and a four-way check valve, the vegetable oil container and the high-pressure gas tank are respectively communicated with two input ends of the three-way valve through the pressure-resistant corrugated pipe, the pressure-resistant corrugated pipe between the vegetable oil container and the three-way valve is connected with the displacement pump, and the second one-way valve is arranged on the pressure-resistant corrugated pipe between the displacement pump and the three-way valve as well as between the high-pressure gas tank and the three-way valve; the output end of the three-way valve is communicated with the input end of the four-way check valve through the pressure-resistant corrugated pipe;
the pressure recording component is used for recording pressure data and comprises a pressure sensor, a data line, a pressure data recorder and a computer, wherein at least one pressure sensor is arranged along the pressure-resistant corrugated pipe and in the sand box, the pressure sensor is connected with the pressure data recorder through the data line, and the pressure data recorder is connected with the computer through the data line;
at least three round holes are formed in the aluminum alloy bottom plate, a first one-way valve is arranged in each round hole, and three output ends of the four-way check valve are respectively communicated with each first one-way valve; a silica gel layer is laid on the aluminum alloy bottom plate, quartz sand layers with different colors and particle sizes are alternately laid on the upper portion of the silica gel layer, tap water is injected into the upper portion of the last quartz sand layer, and the pressure sensor is mounted in each silica gel layer and each quartz sand layer; wherein, the quartz sand layer is at least 4 layers.
2. The physical simulation experiment device for volcanic formation of mud and sand as claimed in claim 1, wherein said high-definition cameras are disposed on at least three surfaces of said sand box.
3. The physical simulation experiment device of a mud volcano formation as claimed in claim 1, wherein said base has at least four control buttons.
4. The physical simulation experiment device for mud volcano formation according to claim 1, wherein the lifting mechanism comprises a support plate, a C-shaped mounting plate, a zigzag-shaped fixing plate, an annular lifting plate, a first lead screw, a first motor, a base, a sliding sleeve and a first guide rod, the support plate is fixed in the first cylindrical support column, the support plate is fixedly connected with the C-shaped mounting plate through the zigzag-shaped fixing plate, the annular lifting plate is arranged between the support plate and the C-shaped mounting plate, the annular lifting plate is in threaded connection with the first lead screw, the first motor is installed at the bottom of the C-shaped mounting plate, the output end of the first motor is in key connection with the first lead screw, the base is in fixed connection with the annular lifting plate through a mounting seat distributed around the inner wall of the annular lifting plate, the annular lifting plate is provided with two sliding sleeves, the first guide rod slides in the two sliding sleeves, and two ends of the first guide rod are respectively in fixed connection with the support plate and the C-shaped mounting plate, so that the first guide rod and the two triangular support structures are formed.
5. The physical simulation experiment device for volcanic formation of mud and volcano according to claim 1, wherein the telescoping mechanism comprises a rectangular support frame, a first bevel gear, a second bevel gear, a transmission shaft, a second motor, a second guide rod, a push-pull plate, a screw sleeve and a second lead screw, wherein a first through hole, a second through hole and a third through hole are respectively formed in three sides of the rectangular support frame, sliding holes are formed in two sides of the third through hole, the first through hole and the second through hole are respectively connected with the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear which are engaged with each other through bearings, an inner shaft of the second bevel gear is connected with the transmission shaft in a key manner, the other end of the transmission shaft is connected with an output end of the second motor in a key manner, the second motor is arranged on the outer surface of the cylindrical second support column through a protective shell, a sliding second guide rod is arranged in each sliding hole, the push-pull plate is fixedly connected between one ends of the two second guide rods, the end of the moving rod close to the cylindrical second support column is fixedly connected with the push-pull plate, the third through the screw sleeve, one end of the screw sleeve is connected with one end of the first bevel gear and one end of the second lead screw rod, and the second lead screw rod are fixedly connected with the push-pull plate.
6. The physical simulation experiment device for volcanic mud formation according to claim 1, wherein a first gear is sleeved on the end of the movable rod close to the lifting rod, the first gear is engaged with a second gear, a third motor is arranged on the side opposite to the second gear, the output end of the third motor is connected with an inner shaft of the second gear in a key mode, and the third motor is internally fixed on the lifting rod through a shell.
7. A physical simulation experiment method for formation of mud volcanoes is applied to the physical simulation experiment device for formation of mud volcanoes as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, and is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, simulating the laying of a bottom layer: paving a silica gel layer on the aluminum alloy bottom plate, alternately paving quartz sand layers with different colors and particle sizes on the upper part of the silica gel layer, and adding tap water with the depth of 10cm into the last quartz sand layer; wherein, each layer of the silica gel layer and the quartz sand layer is 1cm thick, and the thickness of the quartz sand layer is at least 4;
s2, multidirectional adjustment of the high-definition camera: firstly, a first motor is electrified to drive a first screw rod to rotate by treading on a control button by feet, a lifting plate longitudinally slides along a first guide rod through a sliding sleeve and drives a base in the lifting plate to longitudinally move so that a lifting rod can move along with the base to realize height adjustment, secondly, a second motor is electrified to drive a transmission shaft and a second bevel gear to rotate by treading on the control button by feet, the first bevel gear drives a threaded sleeve to rotate and drives a second screw rod to transversely move under the transmission kinetic energy of the second bevel gear, so that a push-pull plate drives a moving rod to transversely move, and finally, a third motor is electrified to drive the second gear to rotate by treading on the control button and can drive the first gear to rotate so that the moving rod circularly moves;
s3, carrying out a first round of experiment: synchronously starting a pressure recording component and an image recording component, simultaneously opening a high-pressure gas tank, enabling high-pressure gas to be conveyed through a pressure-resistant corrugated pipe and sprayed out of a first one-way valve, adjusting the pressure of the gas from small to large, observing the change characteristics of settled layers which are respectively formed by silica gel layers and quartz sand layers and are stacked in a crossed mode at the positions of the first one-way valves, keeping the pressure of the gas constant when bubbles are formed in tap water when the pressure of the gas is large and the settled layers pass through the settled layers, observing the change characteristics of the silica gel layers and the quartz sand layers, stopping gas supply, observing the settled layers in detail, recording the internal characteristics of mud volcanoes and the appearance characteristics of the surface layer, synchronously analyzing the pressure change characteristics, then extracting tap water on the upper portions of the settled layers by using a plastic hose, longitudinally cutting and separating the settled layers by using a cutter, observing the change characteristics of the sediments at the nozzle of the first one-way valve, and recording and taking a picture;
s4, second round experiment: electrifying the positive displacement pump, starting to convey high-pressure vegetable oil, replacing high-pressure gas in the first round of experiment, and keeping the rest experiment processes unchanged;
s5, third experiment: the high-pressure gas tank and the positive displacement pump are both started to convey the mixture of high-pressure gas and high-pressure vegetable oil, and the rest of the experimental processes are unchanged.
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