CN112863314A - Volcanic eruption science popularization experiment device and experiment method thereof - Google Patents
Volcanic eruption science popularization experiment device and experiment method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112863314A CN112863314A CN202110116322.2A CN202110116322A CN112863314A CN 112863314 A CN112863314 A CN 112863314A CN 202110116322 A CN202110116322 A CN 202110116322A CN 112863314 A CN112863314 A CN 112863314A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/40—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for geology
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a volcanic eruption popular science experimental device which comprises a volcanic hill, wherein the top of the volcanic hill is provided with a reaction tank pit, the side surface of the reaction tank pit is connected with an eruption bag through a plurality of air pipes, the inner wall of the reaction tank pit is connected with a temporary storage tank through a spiral pipe, the outer surface of the volcanic hill is provided with simulation lines, and simulation decorations are movably arranged on the outer side surface of the volcanic hill and the bottom of the volcanic hill through stationary contacts; the volcanic eruption test device disclosed by the invention utilizes daily articles in family life to realize self-making and experimental observation of volcanic eruption process, overcomes the defects of insufficient interactivity and low audience participation by whole-course manual production, is mostly made of recyclable or edible materials, is safe and harmless, is easy to carry and manually produce, is convenient for operation of popular science workers or primary and secondary school students, is attractive in edutainment mode, and simultaneously conforms to the characteristics of scientific popularization and exhibition education.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of simulation experiment devices, in particular to a volcanic eruption popular science experiment device and an experiment method thereof.
Background
As a natural geographic phenomenon, volcanic eruption is a strongest display of the heat energy in the earth on the earth surface, and a large amount of volcanic ash and volcanic gas sprayed by the volcanic eruption not only can form debris flow along with heavy rain to flush roads and submerge nearby roads, but also can even destroy the whole city, but also can form slurry rain to seriously pollute the natural environment and greatly influence the climate. Research by scientists has shown that gas generated by volcanic eruptions can be responsible for the extinction of a large number of species in the last 5.45 million years, including dinosaurs. At present, nearly one-tenth of the world's population lives in volcanic shadows with potential eruption risks, which have attracted attention from all countries of the world along with the scientific popularity of such natural disasters.
Present volcano eruption science popularization teaching aid or experimental apparatus is mostly the automatically controlled acousto-optic system of fashioned volcano appearance outfit simulation, perhaps utilizes materials such as liquefied gas to demonstrate, and the experiment presents comparatively simply, and the student participates in and interactive not strong, and simultaneously, the equipment that uses has different potential safety hazards, especially to the classmate of the less pupil of age or kindergarten, and the potential safety hazard is great.
In order to highlight the scientific, image and visual characteristics of a simulation experiment, increase the personal experience and interactive enthusiasm of manual production of students and avoid possible damage in the experimental process, the invention provides the volcanic eruption popular science experimental device, which is safe and harmless (reusable or edible) to materials and convenient to carry and produce, greatly enhances the interestingness and the interaction property by manual operation in the whole process, is beneficial to the students to generate the exploration interest and understand the volcanic eruption process and the damage generated by volcanic eruption.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a volcanic eruption science popularization experimental device and an experimental method thereof, which utilize daily articles in family life to realize self-control and experimental observation of volcanic eruption process, overcome the defects of insufficient interactivity and low audience participation sense of volcanic eruption experiments through whole-course manual manufacturing, are mostly made of reusable or edible materials, are safe and harmless, are easy to carry and manually manufacture, are convenient for operation of science popularization workers or primary and secondary school students, are more attractive in a edutainment mode, and simultaneously accord with scientific popularization and exhibition education characteristics.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides the following:
the popular science experiment device for volcanic eruption comprises a volcanic hill, wherein a naturally-depressed reaction tank pit is arranged at the top of the volcanic hill, an eruption bag is connected to the side surface of the reaction tank pit through a plurality of air pipes, the inner wall of the reaction tank pit is connected with a temporary storage tank which is arranged in the volcanic hill through two groups of mutually-independent spiral pipes, outlets of the two groups of spiral pipes are converged at the bottom of the reaction tank pit, and a valve capable of adjusting flow is arranged at the outlet of each group of spiral pipes;
the outer surface of the volcanic hill is provided with simulation lines simulating the shape of a natural gully, the outer side surface of the volcanic hill and the bottom of the volcanic hill are provided with a plurality of static contacts of uneven parts through extension plates, and the extension plates are movably provided with simulation decorations through the static contacts.
In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the threaded pipe has an opening at a portion located on an inner wall of the volcanic hill, and a pick-up is fixedly attached to the inner wall of the threaded pipe at a position corresponding to the opening.
As a preferable scheme of the present invention, a plurality of discrete mosaic points are disposed on an inner wall of the reaction pool pit, and heights of the discrete mosaic points are all smaller than a maximum accommodating depth of the reaction pool pit.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, secondary ablation membranes are arranged in the temporary storage tank, and the number and the positions of the secondary ablation membranes are determined according to the number and the relative scale of the secondary eruption and the primary eruption set by the volcanic hills.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the gas pipe and the reaction tank pit are arranged tangentially, and the included angles of the central axes of the gas pipe and the reaction tank pit are different.
In addition, the invention also provides a volcanic eruption simulation experiment method which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
100, manufacturing a volcanic hill according to the volcanic shape through clay or gypsum;
and 200, spraying black powder on the formed volcanic hills. The thickness of the black powder is gradually reduced from the pit of the reaction tank to the outer edge;
step 300, filling black powder and high-pressure gas into the eruption bag, and respectively filling baking soda containing red pigment and white vinegar into the two temporary storage tanks;
step 400, placing a specified amount of effervescent tablets into the reaction pool pit, and then opening the hair spray bag and the two sets of temporary storage tanks in sequence.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the specific method for manufacturing the volcanic hills in step 100 is as follows:
manufacturing a volcanic hill on the extension board by using clay or gypsum, and fixedly installing temporary storage tanks and eruption bags with built-in air pipes on the volcanic hill in sequence according to different heights;
continuously manufacturing the top end part of the volcanic hill by using clay or gypsum, sealing the temporary storage tank in the volcanic hill, and digging a naturally-recessed reaction tank pit in the center of the top end part;
adjusting the positions of the spiral pipes to enable the openings on the spiral pipes to be opposite, and enabling outlet ends of the two groups of spiral pipes to be converged at the bottom of the reaction tank pit;
fixing static contacts on a volcanic hill and an extension plate, drawing simulation lines in a natural gully shape on the outer surface of the volcanic hill, standing and drying;
the simulation ornament is movably installed through the static contact.
The embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
the volcanic eruption test device disclosed by the invention realizes self-making and experimental observation of a volcanic eruption process by utilizing daily necessities in family life, overcomes the defects of insufficient interactivity and low audience participation by whole-course manual production, is mostly made of recyclable or edible materials, is safe and harmless, is easy to carry and manually produce, is convenient for operation of popular science workers or primary and secondary school students, is attractive in edutainment mode, and simultaneously conforms to the characteristics of scientific popularization and exhibition education.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
The structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the present specification are only used for matching with the contents disclosed in the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions that the present invention can be implemented, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modifications, changes in the ratio relationship, or adjustments of the sizes, without affecting the effects and the achievable by the present invention, should still fall within the range that the technical contents disclosed in the present invention can cover.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a reaction well according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a simulation flow in an embodiment of the invention.
In the figure: 1-volcanic hills; 2-a reaction tank pit; 3-the trachea; 4-a hair spray bag; 5-a spiral pipe; 6-temporary storage tank; 7-simulating grains; 8-stationary contact; 9-opening; 10-lifting a shifting piece; 11-discrete tessellation points; 12-secondary ablation patch.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the invention provides a volcanic eruption popular science experiment device, which comprises a volcanic hill 1, wherein a naturally depressed reaction tank pit 2 is arranged at the top of the volcanic hill 1, a plurality of air pipes 3 are connected to the side surface of the reaction tank pit 2 to form an eruption bag 4, the inner wall of the reaction tank pit 2 is connected with a temporary storage tank 6 which is arranged inside the volcanic hill 1 through two groups of mutually independent spiral pipes 5, the outlets of the two groups of spiral pipes 5 are converged at the bottom of the reaction tank pit 2, and a valve capable of adjusting flow is arranged at the outlet of each group of spiral pipes 5.
In the present embodiment, powder, such as black rice powder and black sesame powder, is injected into the hair spray chamber 4 while filling the high-pressure gas, so as to simulate the eruption of volcanic ash, and the powder in the hair spray chamber 4 is carried out at high speed by the high-pressure gas. The trachea 3 with the reaction tank hole 2 all is the tangential setting, just trachea 3 with the central axis contained angle of reaction tank hole 2 is different.
In this embodiment, the temporary storage tank 6 is located higher than the reaction well 2 because the material falls by its own weight. The two temporary storage tanks 6 respectively store baking soda and white vinegar, wherein, in order to make the simulation phenomenon more like magma, red pigment, such as red edible pigment, is also stored in the temporary storage tank 6. In the embodiment, the baking soda is prepared into powder, and the temporary storage tank 6 loaded with the baking soda is close to the reaction tank pit 2, so that the powdered baking soda can directly flow out to enter the reaction tank pit 2 after a valve is opened, the blockage caused by overlong channels is avoided, and in addition, the powdered baking soda can improve the reaction rate.
After two face and deposit jar 6 and be opened, take place mixing reaction after baking soda and the white vinegar contact that deposit respectively to produce a large amount of bubbles, because pressure increase will be outwards spout along the passageway, thereby reach the effect of simulation eruption, in addition, because conventional magma is red, consequently can add right amount of haematochrome and make the simulation effect better. In the embodiment, in order to make the simulation effect more vivid, a small amount of effervescent tablets can be further added, the effect of the effervescent tablets is that the small amount of effervescent tablets can generate foam to simulate boiling phenomenon and can generate mist at the same time, and in addition, the generated small amount of foam can block the flowing speed of liquid, so that the fluid flows more like magma slowly, and observation is facilitated. The effervescent tablet has the advantages that the effervescent tablet can react violently when meeting water on one hand, and potential safety hazards of demonstration do not exist, because the effervescent tablet can react violently after meeting water, violent energy release is avoided, and the simulated environment or personnel cannot be influenced.
The outer surface of the volcanic hill 1 is provided with simulation lines 7 simulating the shape of a natural gully, the outer side surface of the volcanic hill 1 and the bottom of the volcanic hill 1 are provided with a plurality of static contacts 8 with uneven parts through extension plates, and the extension plates are movably provided with simulation decorations through the static contacts 8.
The simulated lines 7 can provide channels for the flow of rock pulp on one hand, and can simulate natural gullies simultaneously, so that the simulation phenomena are different every time, the observation capability can be tested accordingly, and the interestingness can be increased. Meanwhile, the static contact 8 can be additionally provided with a simulation ornament, and the simulation ornament arranged on the static contact can be impacted when the simulated volcanic eruption fluid flows downwards, so that artificial buildings and the like damaged by the volcanic eruption fluid are simulated.
In the present embodiment, since the contact method of the stationary contact is adopted, the connection method can play a role of fixing but not locking, that is, the simulation ornament and the like can be fixed on the volcanic hill 1 and the extension board, but the simulation ornament and the like can not be locked, and the simulation ornament and the extension board can be separated when external force is applied.
The part of the threaded pipe 5, which is positioned on the inner wall of the volcanic hill 1, is provided with an opening 9, and a pulling piece 10 is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the threaded pipe 5, which corresponds to the opening 9. The opening 9 and the lifting piece 10 can make the stored baking soda and white vinegar overflow, thereby increasing the contact area and improving the actual reaction rate.
In the present embodiment, in order to make the reaction effect stronger and the displayed effect more like a real eruption process, a plurality of discrete mosaic sites 11 are disposed on the inner wall of the reaction tank pit 2, and the heights of the discrete mosaic sites 11 are all smaller than the maximum accommodating depth of the reaction tank pit 2. And all be provided with the effervescent tablet in every discrete position of inlaying 11, this effervescent tablet's characteristics lie in meeting water and be quick bubbling to improve the area of contact between baking soda and white vinegar, can also make the foam mix wherein being spouted together and go to form more lifelike eruption effect simultaneously.
And secondary ablation membranes 12 are arranged in the temporary storage tank 6, and the number and the positions of the secondary ablation membranes 12 are determined according to the frequency and the relative scale of secondary eruption and primary eruption set by the volcanic hills 1.
In the embodiment, the secondary ablation membrane 12 is added, so that ablation can be performed in the reaction process, unpredictable eruptions such as secondary eruptions can be simulated, and the simulation process is more vivid.
In addition, as shown in fig. 3, the invention also provides an experimental method for volcanic eruption simulation, which comprises the following steps:
100, manufacturing a volcanic hill according to the volcanic shape through clay or gypsum;
and 200, spraying black powder on the formed volcanic hills. The thickness of the black powder is gradually reduced from the pit of the reaction tank to the outer edge;
step 300, filling black powder and high-pressure gas into the eruption bag, and respectively filling baking soda containing red pigment and white vinegar into the two temporary storage tanks;
step 400, placing a specified amount of effervescent tablets into the reaction pool pit, and then opening the hair spray bag and the two sets of temporary storage tanks in sequence.
Through adding quantitative effervescent tablet, take place violent reaction after the effervescent tablet meets water, can simulate the effect of water boiling or magma boiling, cooperate the puzzolana of high-pressure air spun simultaneously to make whole simulation process more lifelike.
The specific method for manufacturing the volcanic hills in the step 100 is as follows:
manufacturing a volcanic hill on the extension board by using clay or gypsum, and fixedly installing temporary storage tanks and eruption bags with built-in air pipes on the volcanic hill in sequence according to different heights;
continuously manufacturing the top end part of the volcanic hill by using clay or gypsum, sealing the temporary storage tank in the volcanic hill, and digging a naturally-recessed reaction tank pit in the center of the top end part;
adjusting the positions of the spiral pipes to enable the openings on the spiral pipes to be opposite, and enabling outlet ends of the two groups of spiral pipes to be converged at the bottom of the reaction tank pit;
fixing static contacts on a volcanic hill and an extension plate, drawing simulation lines in a natural gully shape on the outer surface of the volcanic hill, standing and drying;
the simulation ornament is movably installed through the static contact.
Example (b):
(1) making a hill with clay or gypsum, wherein the top of the hill is made into a concave shape, and the surface of the hill is provided with a gully distribution: in order to increase the participation interaction and the interestingness of the experimental device, a hill is manually made by utilizing clay, color clay or gypsum which is commonly used in the experimental course of primary and secondary school students, a groove is made at the top of the hill for placing materials for demonstrating volcanic eruption, and the ravines on the surface of the hill are distributed to increase the authenticity of the volcanic model.
(2) Spreading black sesame powder (black sesame paste) or black rice powder on the surface of the mountain, and the like, wherein the shape of the mountain is similar to that of a volcano: in order to effectively simulate volcanic ash generated by volcanic eruption, black sesame powder or black rice powder at home is placed in a filter sieve and uniformly spread on the surface of a mountain. Wherein the top of the mountain is thicker and gradually decreases from the top to the foot. Since the mountain tops are black, black powder is also accumulated in the mountain ravines, and the whole volcanic mountain is like a erupted volcanic.
(3) The hillside or the mountain below is decorated by plastic model trees, dinosaur models and the like: plastic vegetation such as model trees, flowers and plants and the like are placed on hillsides and under mountains, and animal models such as dinosaurs and crocodiles can be placed at the same time, so that ancient environmental features such as Jurassic and Chalkbrook are increased.
(4) About 20 g of baking soda doped with red food color is poured into the mountain top groove: 10 g of edible baking soda and 10 g of red edible pigment are prepared and poured into the groove of the mountain top after being uniformly stirred.
(5) Pouring about 20 ml of white vinegar into the groove of the mountain top to make volcanic eruption phenomenon: 10 ml of white vinegar is prepared and slowly poured into the groove position of the mountain top, and the generated bubbles flow downwards along the mountain top along with the red pigment along with the chemical neutralization reaction of the white vinegar and the baking soda, and the bubbles are similar to the flowing lava generated during volcanic eruption.
In order to improve the vivid effect, a proper amount of effervescent tablets can be added while the white vinegar is added, the effervescent tablets react violently when meeting water, so that the whole reaction is more violent, white fog is formed by matching black volcanic ash and red rock pulp, and the whole volcanic eruption process is simulated dynamically.
Meanwhile, black sesame powder or black rice powder is uniformly scattered above the mountain again to form volcanic ash or volcanic gas to cover the periphery of the volcanic ash or volcanic gas cage, vegetation and animal models or eastern collapse and western collapse or are directly buried, and the damage scene of natural environments such as death of a large number of plants and animals caused by volcanic eruption is reproduced.
In addition, it should be further explained that in this embodiment, each channel is controlled by a valve, the valve built in the volcanic hill is electrically controlled, and the external valve may be manually controlled or electrically controlled, and may be specifically determined according to actual requirements. The electric control is controlled by an electromagnetic valve, and the control mode is common in the prior art and is not further described herein.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (7)
1. The popular science experiment device for volcanic eruption is characterized by comprising a volcanic hill (1), wherein a reaction pool pit (2) which is naturally sunken is formed in the top of the volcanic hill (1), an eruption bag (4) is connected to the side face of the reaction pool pit (2) through a plurality of air pipes (3), an adjacent storage tank (6) which is internally arranged in the volcanic hill (1) is connected to the inner wall of the reaction pool pit (2) through two groups of mutually independent spiral pipes (5), outlets of the two groups of spiral pipes (5) are converged at the bottom of the reaction pool pit (2), and a valve capable of adjusting flow is arranged at an outlet of each group of spiral pipes (5);
the outer surface of the volcanic hill (1) is provided with simulation lines (7) for simulating the shape of a natural gully, a plurality of static contacts (8) of uneven parts are arranged on the outer side surface of the volcanic hill (1) and the bottom of the volcanic hill (1) through extension plates, and simulation decorations are movably arranged on the extension plates through the static contacts (8).
2. The volcanic eruption popular science experiment device according to claim 1, wherein the threaded pipe (5) is provided with an opening (9) at a portion on the inner wall of the volcanic hill (1), and a pulling piece (10) is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the threaded pipe (5) at a position corresponding to the opening (9).
3. The popular science experiment device for volcanic eruption according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of discrete mosaic points (11) are arranged on the inner wall of the reaction pool pit (2), and the heights of the discrete mosaic points (11) are all smaller than the maximum accommodating depth of the reaction pool pit (2).
4. The volcanic eruption popular science experiment device according to claim 1, wherein the temporary storage tank (6) is internally provided with secondary ablation membranes (12), and the number and the position of the secondary ablation membranes (12) are determined according to the number and the relative scale of the secondary eruption and the primary eruption set by the volcanic hills (1).
5. The volcanic eruption popular science experiment device according to claim 1, wherein the gas pipe (3) and the reaction tank pit (2) are tangentially arranged, and the included angles of the central axes of the gas pipe (3) and the reaction tank pit (2) are different.
6. A volcanic eruption simulation experiment method based on the science popularization experiment device of any one of claims 1 to 5, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
100, manufacturing a volcanic hill according to the volcanic shape through clay or gypsum;
and 200, spraying black powder on the formed volcanic hills. The thickness of the black powder is gradually reduced from the pit of the reaction tank to the outer edge;
step 300, filling black powder and high-pressure gas into the eruption bag, and respectively filling baking soda containing red pigment and white vinegar into the two temporary storage tanks;
step 400, placing a specified amount of effervescent tablets into the reaction pool pit, and then opening the hair spray bag and the two sets of temporary storage tanks in sequence.
7. The volcanic eruption simulation experiment method of claim 6, wherein the specific method for manufacturing the volcanic hills in the step 100 is as follows:
manufacturing a volcanic hill on the extension board by using clay or gypsum, and fixedly installing temporary storage tanks and eruption bags with built-in air pipes on the volcanic hill in sequence according to different heights;
continuously manufacturing the top end part of the volcanic hill by using clay or gypsum, sealing the temporary storage tank in the volcanic hill, and digging a naturally-recessed reaction tank pit in the center of the top end part;
adjusting the positions of the spiral pipes to enable the openings on the spiral pipes to be opposite, and enabling outlet ends of the two groups of spiral pipes to be converged at the bottom of the reaction tank pit;
fixing static contacts on a volcanic hill and an extension plate, drawing simulation lines in a natural gully shape on the outer surface of the volcanic hill, standing and drying;
the simulation ornament is movably installed through the static contact.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114283666A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-04-05 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Experimental device and method for simulating gas eruption |
| CN114708780A (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2022-07-05 | 青岛海洋地质研究所 | Physical simulation experiment device and method for volcano formation |
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