CN113150883B - 一种车用环保气雾剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种车用环保气雾剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113150883B CN113150883B CN202110454096.9A CN202110454096A CN113150883B CN 113150883 B CN113150883 B CN 113150883B CN 202110454096 A CN202110454096 A CN 202110454096A CN 113150883 B CN113150883 B CN 113150883B
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- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
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- C11D1/8255—Mixtures of compounds all of which are non-ionic containing a combination of compounds differently alcoxylised or with differently alkylated chains
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- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
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- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种车用环保气雾剂,包括以下质量分数的组分:抛射剂:8~45%,缓蚀剂:0.1~0.5%,环保复合溶剂:25~90%,非离子表面活性剂:0.1~5%;所述抛射剂为丙烷和/或丁烷;缓蚀剂为环烷酸咪唑啉、油酸咪唑啉、月桂酸咪唑啉和季铵盐咪唑啉中的一种或几种。本发明中的清洁气雾剂通过使用环保复合溶剂,充分利用不同溶剂的特点,可有效去除柏油沥青、机油、刹车片结焦物。可用于汽车去除沥青,发动机表面油污,刹车片残留结焦物等,具有适应性强,去污效果,使用量少,综合成本低等特点,是一种非常优良的新型环保气雾剂。本发明还提供了一种车用环保气雾剂的制备方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于汽车清洁用品技术领域,尤其涉及一种车用环保气雾剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
车辆在沥青路面上行驶时,由于轮胎快速转动,不可避免的会将路面上的碎石、沥青甩至汽车外表面,这种现象在炎热的夏季高速行驶时尤为明显,路面温度急剧升高,沥青路面出现融化现象,汽车在这些道路高速行驶,融化的沥青很容易就溅到车表面,粘住,硬化产生大量黑色斑点;用清水洗怎么洗都洗不干净,采用普通市售的水基汽车清洗剂或者汽车美容店中普通的汽车服务均无法将这种沥青形成的污渍清洗干净。
沥青不仅只有沥青质组成,它包含沥青质、胶质、某些大分子烃类、以及含硫、氮的化合物,以及Ni\V等金属有机化合物等。其中沥青质是分子量最大、极性最强,也是最难溶解、清洗的部分。
目前已经公开或授权的专利文献中,专利文献CN201610430515、CN201610438960公开的技术方案中使用了三氯乙烯,而该物质被世界卫生组织国际癌症研究机构公布的致癌物清单列为一类致癌物。专利文献CN201610430228公开的技术方案中加入了三乙醇胺,将配方调整为碱性,这种配方用于清洁摊铺机烫平板固然是很好,但用汽车美容清洁则容易腐蚀金属覆盖件,造成美观度下降等问题。专利文献CN201010125714、CN10886519A公开的技术方案中采用柠檬烯、D-苧烯、异松油烯、松油烯为主要原料,物质虽环保,但价格十分昂贵。专利文献CN102161941 B公开技术中采用五氟丙烷,该物质生产过程中需使用氟化氢。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种车用环保气雾剂及其制备方法,本发明中的车用环保气雾剂气味温和,配方中不含有苯系有机化合物类有机溶剂,可有效去除柏油沥青、机油等污渍。
本发明提供一种车用环保气雾剂,包括以下质量分数的组分:
抛射剂:8~45%,缓蚀剂:0.1~0.5%,环保复合溶剂:25~90%,非离子表面活性剂:0.1~5%;
所述环保复合溶剂为环烷烃和醇按照1:(5~20)的质量比形成的混合溶剂。
优选的,所述抛射剂为丙烷和/或丁烷。
优选的,所述抛射剂使用前进行脱硫处理。
优选的,所述缓蚀剂为环烷酸咪唑啉、油酸咪唑啉、月桂酸咪唑啉和季铵盐咪唑啉中的一种或几种。
优选的,所述环烷烃为环戊烷、甲基环戊烷、乙基环戊烷、环己烷、甲基环己烷、乙基环己烷、二甲基环己烷、甲乙基环己烷和十氢萘中的一种或几种。
优选的,所述醇为乙醇和/或异丙醇。
优选的,所述非离子表面活性剂为异构十三碳醇醚、异构碳十醇醚、月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚、碳十二仲醇聚氧乙烯醚、碳十四仲醇聚氧乙烯醚的一种或几种。
优选的,包括以下质量分数的组分:
抛射剂:10~30%,缓蚀剂:0.1~0.4%,环保复合溶剂:50~85%,非离子表面活性剂:1~4%;
本发明提供一种如上文所述的车用环保气雾剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
A)将环保复合溶剂、缓蚀剂和非离子表面活性剂混合均匀,注入气雾剂罐体后封口;
B)将净化脱硫后的抛射剂注入气雾剂罐体,得到车用环保气雾剂。
本发明提供了一种车用环保气雾剂,包括以下质量分数的组分:抛射剂:8~45%,缓蚀剂:0.1~0.5%,环保复合溶剂:25~90%,非离子表面活性剂:0.1~5%;所述抛射剂为丙烷和/或丁烷;缓蚀剂为环烷酸咪唑啉、油酸咪唑啉、月桂酸咪唑啉和季铵盐咪唑啉中的一种或几种。本发明中的清洁气雾剂通过使用环保复合溶剂,充分利用不同溶剂的特点,可有效去除柏油沥青、机油、刹车片结焦物。本发明的清洁气雾剂不含有害物质,气味温和,对人体无害,所用原料廉价、易得,不污染环境,本发明的配方中不含有苯系有机化合物类有机溶剂,不含醛类、氯化烃、酚类、APEO、CFC等有毒有害物质,对人体毒性低,对人体及大气环境不产生危害,具有快速干燥、高效去污、清洁环保、渗透性能好、无残留物的优良特点,可用于汽车去除沥青,发动机表面油污,刹车片残留结焦物等,具有适应性强,去污效果,使用量少,综合成本低等特点,是一种非常优良的新型环保气雾剂。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种车用环保气雾剂,包括以下质量分数的组分:
抛射剂:8~45%,缓蚀剂:0.1~0.5%,环保复合溶剂:25~90%,非离子表面活性剂:0.1~5%;
所述抛射剂为丙烷和/或丁烷;缓蚀剂为环烷酸咪唑啉、油酸咪唑啉、月桂酸咪唑啉和季铵盐咪唑啉中的一种或几种。
在本发明中,抛射剂优选为丙烷和/或丁烷,所述抛射剂含有微量的硫化物杂质,含量为1~10ppmw,优选在使用之前进行净化脱硫处理,所述脱硫的方法采用本领域常用的脱硫方法即可,比如,可采用吸附脱硫或加氢脱硫的方法,具体的,在本发明的实施例中,可以采用改性分子筛复合氧化物脱硫剂进行吸附脱硫。
在本发明中,所述抛射剂的质量分数优选为8~45%,更优选为10~30%,如10%、13%、15%、20%、25%、30%、35%、40%、45%,优选为以上述任意数值为上限或下限的范围值。
在本发明中,所述缓蚀剂优选为环烷酸咪唑啉、油酸咪唑啉、月桂酸咪唑啉和季铵盐咪唑啉中的一种或几种,更优选为使用两种缓蚀剂复配,进一步降低腐蚀性。所述缓蚀剂的质量分数优选为0.1~0.5%,更优选为0.1~0.4%,如0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%、0.5%,优选为以上述任意数值为上限或下限的范围值。
在本发明中,所述环保复合溶剂环烷烃和醇按照1:(5~20)的质量比形成的混合溶剂,所述环烷烃与醇的质量比优选为1:(5~20),更优选为1:(10~15)。
在本发明中,所述环烷烃优选为环戊烷、甲基环戊烷、乙基环戊烷、环己烷、甲基环己烷、乙基环己烷、二甲基环己烷、甲乙基环己烷和十氢萘中的一种或几种,所述醇优选为乙醇和/或异丙醇。所述醇类物质为两相溶剂,能够促进溶解、洗涤效果;醇类物质作为溶冰剂,可以减少组分中及少量水份的结冰。
在本发明中,所述环保复合溶剂的质量分数优选为25~90%,更优选为50~85%,如50%、55%、60%、65%、70%、75%、80%、81.9%、85%、90%,优选为以上述任意数值为上限或下限的范围值。
在本发明中,所述非离子表面活性剂优选为异构十三碳醇醚、异构碳十醇醚、月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚、碳十二仲醇聚氧乙烯醚、碳十四仲醇聚氧乙烯醚的一种或几种。
所述非离子表面活性剂的质量分数优选为0.1~5%,更优选为0.1~4%,如0.1%,0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2%、2.5%、3%、3.5%、4%、4.5%、5%,优选为以上述任意数值为上限或下限的范围值。
本发明还提供了一种车用环保气雾剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
A)将环保复合溶剂、缓蚀剂和非离子表面活性剂混合均匀,注入气雾剂罐体后封口;
B)将净化脱硫后的抛射剂注入气雾剂罐体,得到车用环保气雾剂。
具体的,先按照上文所述的各原料的质量百分数称取,
将抛射剂净化脱硫,备用;
将环保复合溶剂、缓蚀剂、非离子表面活性剂混合均匀,得到混合液;
将所述混合液B注入罐体后封口;
向所述罐体中注入抛射剂,压上气雾剂阀门,得到清洁气雾剂。
本发明提供了一种车用环保气雾剂,包括以下质量分数的组分:抛射剂:8~45%,缓蚀剂:0.1~0.5%,环保复合溶剂:25~90%,非离子表面活性剂:0.1~5%;所述抛射剂为丙烷和/或丁烷;缓蚀剂为环烷酸咪唑啉、油酸咪唑啉、月桂酸咪唑啉和季铵盐咪唑啉中的一种或几种。本发明中的清洁气雾剂通过使用环保复合溶剂,充分利用不同溶剂的特点,可有效去除柏油沥青、机油、刹车片结焦物。本发明的清洁气雾剂不含有害物质,气味温和,对人体无害,所用原料廉价、易得,不污染环境,本发明的配方中不含有苯系有机化合物类有机溶剂,不含醛类、氯化烃、酚类、APEO、CFC等有毒有害物质,对人体毒性低,对人体及大气环境不产生危害,具有快速干燥、高效去污、清洁环保、渗透性能好、无残留物的优良特点,可用于汽车去除沥青,发动机表面油污,刹车片残留结焦物等,具有适应性强,去污效果,使用量少,综合成本低等特点,是一种非常优良的新型环保气雾剂。
为了进一步说明本发明,以下结合实施例对本发明提供的一种车用环保气雾剂及其制备方法进行详细描述,但不能将其理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
实施例
1、按表1中的质量百分比称取各组分,备用;
2、将购买符合国标的丙、丁烷抛射剂净化脱硫,得到抛射剂A,备用;
3、将环保复合溶剂、缓蚀剂、表面活性剂混合均匀,得到混合液B;
4、将所述混合液B注入罐体后封口;
5、向所述罐体中注入抛射剂A,压上气雾剂阀门,得到清洁气雾剂。
表1实施例原料质量百分数
通过下述方法分别测试评价实施例、对比例及市售例的清洁气雾剂的去除沥青性能、腐蚀性能及硫含量进行分析。
去除沥青性能评价方法:
1、将国标70号沥青敲碎或碾碎成碎屑大小备用;
2、将不锈钢试片清洗干净,于110℃烘箱中恒重后,记录重量m1;
3、将(0.10±0.01)g的沥青加热融化,厚度均匀覆盖在不锈钢试片的单层表面,形成污垢片,污垢面积30mm×25mm;
4、将上述污垢片放入干燥器中干燥24小时后称重,记录质量m2;
5、分别称取每个实施例和对比例的清洁气雾剂样品200g(称准至0.01g)于玻璃烧杯中,水浴预热至(30±1)℃,将准备好的测试试片即污垢片夹在摆洗机的摆洗架上,使其保持垂直状态,每个烧杯内吊置一个测试试片。用秒表计时,使测试试片上的油污完全浸泡于烧杯内的样品中2min,摆洗3min,然后清洗各烧杯,即向各烧杯中倒入200mL水(30±2℃)并摆洗30s。取下测试试片并放入托盘,于50℃的烘箱中干燥60min,再于干燥器中冷却60min后称量,记为m3。目测外观颜色。
6、去污率X结果计算,计算公式如下所示:
X=(m3-m1)/(m2-m1)*100%
按照上述方法重复测定3次,取3次平均数。通常去污力平均值大于75%可以被称为有效去除该污渍。
稳定性能评价方法:
将清洁气雾剂样品,在实验室给定条件下,采用旋转挂片腐蚀试验方法,以试片的质量损坏算出腐蚀率来评定缓蚀性能。
1、碳钢试片外观检测:表面不能有划痕、凹坑、锈斑,挂孔内不能有锈斑;棱角及挂孔不能有毛刺行;尺寸、表面光洁度应该符合要求。
2、用镊子取出编号试片,放在滤纸上;在盛有蒸馏水的容器中,用脱脂棉擦洗挂片,然后再用蒸馏水冲洗15s;立即置于无水乙醇中,用脱脂棉擦洗两遍;置干净滤纸上,冷风吹干;用滤纸包好,置干燥器中24h,称重m4,备用。
3、称取空白例的无水乙醇样品200g(称准至0.01g)于玻璃烧杯中,水浴预热至(40±1)℃,将准备好的测试试片夹在腐蚀试验仪上,使其保持垂直状态,每个烧杯内吊置一个测试试片。用秒表计时,使测试试片完全浸泡于烧杯内的样品中24h,取下测试试片并放入托盘,于110℃的烘箱中干燥60min,再于干燥器中冷却30min后称量,记为m5。
4、分别称取每个实施例和对比例的清洁气雾剂样品200g(称准至0.01g)于玻璃烧杯中,水浴预热至(40±1)℃,将准备好的测试试片夹在腐蚀试验仪上,使其保持垂直状态,每个烧杯内吊置一个测试试片。用秒表计时,使测试试片完全浸泡于烧杯内的样品中24h,取下测试试片并放入托盘,于110℃的烘箱中干燥60min,再于干燥器中冷却30min后称量,记为m6。
5、腐蚀性Y结果计算,计算公式如下所示:
Y=8760×((m6-m4)-(m5-m4))/(s×ρ×t)
s-试片的表面积,cm2;ρ-试片的密度,g/cm2;t-试验时间,h。
6、按照上述方法重复测定3次,取3次平均数。
按以上方案对实施例、对比例及市售例实验结果如表2所示:
表2实验结果汇总表
通过市售例实验结果可以看出,市售例具有较好的沥青去除能力,但通过组分分析发现,该产品中含有大量甲苯、二甲苯,均属有毒有害物质,并且甲苯属于易制毒管控药品。
通过实施例1与对比例2实验结果可以看出,两产品具有较好的沥青去除能力,但对比例清洗后钢片表面淡黄色,清水洗涤时很难处理干净,这与对比例中无表面活性剂有直接关系。
通过实施例4与对比例1实验结果可以看出,对比例2沥青去除能力较低,表面异构烷烃去除沥青能力远低于环烷烃。
通过实施例1与实施例7实验结果可以看出,实施例7采用两种表面活性剂按比例配合后,沥青去除能力增强。
通过实施例4与实施例8实验结果可以看出,实施例8采用两种缓蚀剂按比例配合后,腐蚀性降低。
通过实施例2与对比例3实验结果可以看出,对比例3采用未处理抛射剂后,沥青去除能力降低,腐蚀性增强,这与抛射剂硫含量较高,造成金属腐蚀有关。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (2)
1.一种车用环保气雾剂,由以下质量分数的组分组成:
抛射剂:15%,缓蚀剂环烷酸咪唑啉:0.05%,缓蚀剂月桂酸咪唑啉:0.05%,环戊烷8%,环己烷9%,十氢萘46.9%,异丙醇18%,异构十三碳醇醚2%,碳十四仲醇聚氧乙烯醚1%;
所述抛射剂为丙烷和/或丁烷,所述抛射剂使用前进行脱硫处理。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的车用环保气雾剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
A)将环戊烷、环己烷、十氢萘、异丙醇、环烷酸咪唑啉、月桂酸咪唑啉、异构十三碳醇醚和碳十四仲醇聚氧乙烯醚混合均匀,注入气雾剂罐体后封口;
B)将净化脱硫后的抛射剂注入气雾剂罐体,得到车用环保气雾剂。
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