CN113117746B - 一种表面活性离子液体及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种表面活性离子液体及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113117746B CN113117746B CN202110418062.4A CN202110418062A CN113117746B CN 113117746 B CN113117746 B CN 113117746B CN 202110418062 A CN202110418062 A CN 202110418062A CN 113117746 B CN113117746 B CN 113117746B
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- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl sulfate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)OC VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- SFBHPFQSSDCYSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyltetradecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCN(C)C SFBHPFQSSDCYSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-ONEGZZNKSA-N trans-but-2-ene Chemical compound C\C=C\C IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 20
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 abstract description 10
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 125000005208 trialkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 5
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000008050 dialkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 15
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 5
- NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isooctane Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C)C NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011973 solid acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- FLTJDUOFAQWHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl pentane Natural products CCCCC(C)(C)C FLTJDUOFAQWHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N caprylic alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 halogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- DAZXVJBJRMWXJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylethylamine Chemical compound CCN(C)C DAZXVJBJRMWXJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005956 quaternization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- HLZKNKRTKFSKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCO HLZKNKRTKFSKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IQQRAVYLUAZUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 IQQRAVYLUAZUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMKSVAGOBVUFRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nonylsulfanylnonane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCSCCCCCCCCC KMKSVAGOBVUFRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBIQQQGBSDOWNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O WBIQQQGBSDOWNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DJEQZVQFEPKLOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethylbutylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(C)C DJEQZVQFEPKLOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005073 adamantyl group Chemical group C12(CC3CC(CC(C1)C3)C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005466 alkylenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- LFZKSOOXPOYSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl(octyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCP(C)C LFZKSOOXPOYSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-hexane Natural products CCCCCC(C)C JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNMQEEKYCVKGBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylacetylene Natural products CC#CC XNMQEEKYCVKGBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940060296 dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000302 molecular modelling Methods 0.000 description 1
- UQKAOOAFEFCDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyloctan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN(C)C UQKAOOAFEFCDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013557 residual solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DAJSVUQLFFJUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;dodecane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCS([O-])(=O)=O DAJSVUQLFFJUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0277—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature
- B01J31/0278—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature containing nitrogen as cationic centre
- B01J31/0279—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature containing nitrogen as cationic centre the cationic portion being acyclic or nitrogen being a substituent on a ring
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/02—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0277—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature
- B01J31/0287—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature containing atoms other than nitrogen as cationic centre
- B01J31/0288—Phosphorus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0277—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature
- B01J31/0287—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature containing atoms other than nitrogen as cationic centre
- B01J31/0289—Sulfur
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0277—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature
- B01J31/0298—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature the ionic liquids being characterised by the counter-anions
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- C10G50/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from lower carbon number hydrocarbons, e.g. by oligomerisation
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- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
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Abstract
本发明公开一种表面活性离子液体及其制备方法和应用,属于石油化工领域。本发明以三烷基铵/三烷基膦/二烷基硫醚和硫酸二烷基酯为原料,或者以三烷基铵/三烷基膦/二烷基硫醚、硫酸二烷基酯、一元醇和甲磺酸为原料,制备一种表面活性离子液体,以该表面活性离子液体作为催化助剂,协同酸催化剂进行对异构烷烃和烯烃进行催化异丁烷烷基化反应,从而得到一种辛烷值高的烷基化油。该表面活性离子液体制备方法简单、成本低等优点,将其应用到烷基化油中,可显著提高辛烷值,同时保持催化体系的高活性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于石油化工领域,具体涉及一种表面活性离子液体及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
近十年来我国汽车工业发展迅猛,2013年以来更是每年产量突破2000万,截至2020年底全国汽车保有量达2.7亿辆。汽车工业长足发展的同时带来了严重的环境问题,为了防治机动车污染排放,改善环境质量,生态环境部制定并实施了国Ⅵ新标准,对汽车污染物排放限值要求更加严格,进一步限制了汽油中氮氧化物、烯烃和芳烃的含量。汽油的成分与发动机污染物排放息息相关,以低碳烯烃(一般为丁烯)和异构烷烃(一般为异丁烷)为原料生产的以异辛烷为主要成分的烷基化油,由于其抗爆指数为94.5远高于C5/C6异构化油(87.5)和直馏轻汽油(68.0),同时还具有高辛烷值、无氮硫组分、蒸汽压低等优点被认为是综合性能最高的汽油调和组分。然而我国现有调和汽油组分中烷基化汽油占比约为6%左右,远低于欧美发达国家(15%)。因此,随着油品标准的升级,提高烷基化油在调和汽油中的比例将成为升级现有燃油品质的重要措施之一。
主流烷基化工艺主要是以UOP AlkyPlus技术为代表的氢氟酸工艺和以DuPontStratco为代表的浓硫酸工艺。尽管这些技术应用成熟,产品质量好,但是明显的安全和环境问题引起了越来越多的关注,例如氢氟酸工艺存在潜在泄漏风险,而浓硫酸工艺酸耗较大。近几年以固体酸和复合离子液体为催化剂的新烷基化工艺显示出一定的优势。固体酸催化活性高、选择性好,但易失活,难再生的缺点限制了其广泛的工业应用。离子液体具有催化活性高,酸耗较低的优势,但其成本一般较高,而且会产生难以处理的废盐渣。尽管离子液体技术具有很大的发展潜力,但是据统计,截至2017年国内现有的74套烷基化工业装置中,传统硫酸法占总产能的90%以上,2018-2020新建的41套烷基化工业装置中,传统硫酸法也占新增产能的80%以上,由此看来目前烷基化汽油的生产很大程度上还是依赖硫酸法技术。因此,迫切需要对硫酸烷基化进行有效的改进,尽可能减少其产生的环境问题。
在过去若干年里,许多工程师和学者尝试了不同方法对硫酸烷基化工艺进行优化和改进,其中最具应用前景的一种解决方案是使用添加剂作为助催化剂来增强H2SO4催化剂用于C4烷基化的活性和稳定性。添加剂作为H2SO4基化助催化剂的显著优势,主要表现在以下几个方面:一、增加酸/C4碳氢化合物(异丁烷和丁烯)的界面面积,创造更多的反应位点,以提高烷基化质量和减少废酸。例如美国城市服务石油公司提出了十二烷基苯磺酸和对苯二胺作为烷基化反应的添加剂(US3655807、US3689590)。中国石油天然气股份有限公司提出的表面活性剂改性耦合超强酸体系可以有效提高烷基化产品中C8的选择性以及C8组分中高辛烷值的三甲基戊烷(TMP)选择性、辛烷值(CN104232153B);二、减少副产物在酸中的溶解,控制氢负离子的转移速度,进而提高酸催化剂寿命。例如中科院过程所提出以功能化离子液体(金刚烷基离子液体和[Bmim][PF6])为助催化剂,可以有效延长硫酸催化剂在烷基化反应中的寿命(CN106635141B、CN106939173B)。
功能化离子液体作为助剂,虽然可以提高烷基化产品质量,但是效果并不明显,而且制备过程复杂,造价昂贵,作为助剂使用效益不高,不适宜工业化应用。常规表面活性剂作为催化助剂可以有效提高产品质量,但此类助剂存在乳化效果严重,不利于后续的酸烃分离,而且此类助剂常常含有卤素离子或碱金属离子,长期使用易导致设备腐蚀,易在反应过程中被产物夹带流失,需要频繁补充助剂维持催化体系的高活性。
发明内容
针对上述技术问题,本发明提供一种表面活性离子液体及其制备方法和应用,该表面活性离子液体制备方法简单、成本低,将其应用到烷基化油中,可显著提高辛烷值,同时保持催化体系的高活性。
为实现上述技术目的,本发明提供以下技术方案:
一种表面活性离子液体,所述表面活性离子液体的阳离子为“式I所示的阳离子”中的至少一种,所述表面活性离子液体的阴离子为“式Ⅱ所示的阴离子”中的至少一种,
式I中,n为1-16中任意整数;R1a、R1b、R1c、R2a、R2b、R2c、R3a、R3b分别为C1-16的烷基或苯基;
式II中,m为1-16中任意整数。
优选的,所述n为8-14中任意整数。
优选的,所述m为9-15中任意整数。
本发明还提供一种表面活性离子液体的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将三烷基铵(R3N)/三烷基膦(R3P)/二烷基硫醚(R2S)溶于有机溶剂中,在惰性气体保护下冷却,加入硫酸二烷基酯R2SO4,搅拌,离心,洗涤,减压蒸馏,干燥,得到产物A;
在产物A中加入一元醇,搅拌至溶解后加入甲磺酸作为催化剂,真空蒸馏,冷却,搅拌,离心,洗涤,干燥,得到表面活性离子液体;或将产物A与等摩尔的烷基磺酸钠(Na+[RSO3]-)或烷基苯磺酸钠(Na+[RC6H4SO3]-)溶于溶剂中,搅拌,减压除去溶剂,并加入对应溶剂以沉淀副产物,得到表面活性离子液体。
其中R为C1-16的烷基,n为1-16中任意整数。
优选的,所述三烷基铵包括N,N-二甲基十四烷基胺、N,N-二甲基辛基胺、N,N-二甲基丁基胺和N,N-二甲基乙基胺中的一种。
优选的,所述溶剂为甲苯、四氢呋喃、丙酮和二氯甲烷中的一种。
优选的,所述一元醇包括正十四醇、正癸醇和正辛醇中的一种。所述一元醇为直链结构。
优选的,所述搅拌转速为100-500rmp;所述离心转速为7000-9000rpm;所述离心时间为1-3min;所述干燥时间为﹥10h;其中,步骤一所述搅拌时间为0.5-1.5h,步骤二所述搅拌时间为≧12h。
优选的,所述三烷基铵/三烷基膦/二烷基硫醚与硫酸二烷基酯的质量比为1:(0.8-1.5);所述一元醇、产物A和甲磺酸的质量比为1:(0.5-0.15):(0.05-0.015)。
本发明还提供一种表面活性离子液体在制备烷基化油中的应用。
优选的,所述制备烷基化油的原料为异构烷烃和烯烃,所述催化剂为酸催化剂,所述表面活性离子液体为催化助剂。
优选的,所述催化助剂添加量为酸催化剂的0.03-5wt%;酸催化剂与原料的体积比为(0.5-2):1。
优选的,所述制备烷基化油的反应条件为:温度-10-15℃,时间0.1-20min,压力0.02-10MPa,搅拌转速为100-5000rmp。
优选的,所述异构烷烃与烯烃体积比为(1-30):1。
优选的,所述酸催化剂包括固体酸、氢氟酸、浓硫酸、三氟甲磺酸和氯铝酸离子液体中的一种。
优选的,所述异构烷烃为本领域常规的异构烷烃,优选异丁烷。
优选的,所述烯烃为本领域常规的烯烃,优选2-丁烯。
本发明提出的表面活性离子液体催化助剂还具有以下优点:(1)工艺反应条件温和,可以直接在现有烷基化生产装置上应用;(2)催化助剂稳定且不溶于烷基化油产品;(3)乳化效果适当,产品与催化剂容易分离;(4)烷基化产品中C8和三甲基戊烷(TMP)选择性高以及辛烷值高;(5)提高了烷基化反应中酸催化剂的循环使用寿命、降低酸耗、环境污染小等;(6)催化活性要高于传统阴/阳离子表面活性剂改性的复合催化剂体系。
通过分子模拟和表征分析发现,表面活性助剂的长烷基链倾向于垂直于反应酸/烃界面,从而降低界面张力,使得酸烃两相接触更加充分。同时,表面活性剂的引入改善了异丁烷的扩散系数,促进C4烃在界面区域中的扩散,使反应更加充分,进而提高了烷基化产品的质量。界面性质的改善抑制了副反应,降低了酸溶油的产生,从而提高了酸催化剂的寿命。
本发明通过两步法制备出表面活性离子液体催化助剂方法简单灵活,可选择性强。
具体实施方式
现详细说明本发明的多种示例性实施方式,该详细说明不应认为是对本发明的限制,而应理解为是对本发明的某些方面、特性和实施方案的更详细的描述。
应理解本发明中所述的术语仅仅是为描述特别的实施方式,并非用于限制本发明。另外,对于本发明中的数值范围,应理解为还具体公开了该范围的上限和下限之间的每个中间值。在任何陈述值或陈述范围内的中间值以及任何其他陈述值或在所述范围内的中间值之间的每个较小的范围也包括在本发明内。这些较小范围的上限和下限可独立地包括或排除在范围内。
除非另有说明,否则本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有本发明所述领域的常规技术人员通常理解的相同含义。虽然本发明仅描述了优选的方法和材料,但是在本发明的实施或测试中也可以使用与本文所述相似或等同的任何方法和材料。本说明书中提到的所有文献通过引用并入,用以公开和描述与所述文献相关的方法和/或材料。在与任何并入的文献冲突时,以本说明书的内容为准。
在不背离本发明的范围或精神的情况下,可对本发明说明书的具体实施方式做多种改进和变化,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。由本发明的说明书得到的其他实施方式对技术人员而言是显而易见的。本申请说明书和实施例仅是示例性的。
关于本文中所使用的“包含”、“包括”、“具有”、“含有”等等,均为开放性的用语,即意指包含但不限于。
本发明中,术语“C1-16烷基”是指具有1至16个碳原子的直链或支链的饱和烃基团。
本发明中,术语“苯基”是指含有苯环的官能团。
本发明中,若非特指,所有的百分比均为重量单位,所有的设备和原料等均可从市场购得或是本行业常用的。
实施例1
表面活性离子液体的制备:
将N,N-二甲基十四烷基胺(0.06mol)溶于甲苯(10mL)中,并将溶液在氮气保护下冰水浴冷却,缓慢逐滴加入硫酸二甲酯(0.067mol)得到混合物,搅拌1h,然后在转速为8000rpm条件下离心2min,过滤,得到白色固体,用乙酸乙酯洗涤,减压除去残留的乙酸乙酯,并将得到的白色固体在高真空下干燥12小时,得到[N1,1,1,14][C1SO4]。
烷基化油的制备:
将331.2g硫酸和得到的0.99g[N1,1,1,14][C1SO4](添加量为硫酸的0.3wt%)加入到1L玻璃反应釜中,设定釜内压力为0.5MPa,反应温度为8℃,加入120ml原料气(异丁烷和反2-丁烯,其体积比为6.5:1)搅拌,搅拌转速为3000rpm,反应时间为15min,待反应结束后,将反应液转移至分液漏斗中,静置分层,其上层为烷基化油,下层为催化剂,分离后分别得到烷基化油产品和催化剂。
实施例2
同实施例1,区别在于,由N,N-二甲基辛基胺在甲苯溶剂中与硫酸二甲酯发生季胺化反应得到[N1,1,1,8][C1SO4]。
实施例3
同实施例1,区别在于,由N,N-二甲基丁基胺在甲苯溶剂中与硫酸二甲酯发生季胺化反应得到[N1,1,1,4][C1SO4]。
实施例4
同实施例1,区别在于,由N,N-二甲基乙基胺在甲苯溶剂中与硫酸二甲酯发生季胺化反应得到[N1,1,1,2][C1SO4]。
实施例5
同实施例1,区别在于,由辛基二甲基膦在甲苯溶剂中与硫酸二甲酯发生季胺化反应得到[P1,1,1,8][C1SO4]。
实施例6
表面活性离子液体的制备:
将正癸醇(0.071mol)添加到实施例1所得的[N1,1,1,14][C1SO4](0.0071mol)中,搅拌使其完全溶解,然后加入甲磺酸(0.00071mol),得到混合物,将混合物在50℃下搅拌12h,并通过真空蒸馏连续除去形成的甲醇。甲醇除完后,将混合物冷却至室温,并观察到白色固体的形成后向混合物中加入二乙醚,将反应烧瓶放入冰水浴中,以确保产物完全沉淀。再将沉淀后的混合物再转速为8000rpm条件下离心2min后过滤,将固体用乙醚洗涤,减压除去残留的溶剂,并将获得的白色固体在高真空下干燥12小时,得到[N1,1,1,14][C10SO4]。
烷基化油的制备方法同实施例1。
实施例7
同实施例6,区别在于,将实施例2所得[N1,1,1,8][C1SO4]溶解在正十四醇中,加入甲磺酸发生反应得到[N1,1,1,8][C14SO4]。
实施例8
同实施例6,区别在于,将实施例2所得[N1,1,1,8][C1SO4]溶解在正癸醇中,加入甲磺酸发生反应得到[N1,1,1,8][C10SO4]。
实施例9
同实施例6,区别在于,将实施例2所得[N1,1,1,8][C1SO4]溶解在正辛醇中,加入甲磺酸发生反应得到[N1,1,1,8][C8SO4]。
实施例10
同实施例6,区别在于,将实施例2所得[N1,1,1,8][C1SO4]溶解在正丁醇中,加入甲磺酸发生反应得到[N1,1,1,8][C4SO4]。
实施例11
同实施例6,区别在于,将实施例5所得[P1,1,1,8][C1SO4]溶解在正癸醇中,加入甲磺酸发生反应得到[N1,1,1,8][C10SO4]。
实施例12
同实施例1,区别在于,由辛基甲基硫在甲苯溶剂中与硫酸二甲酯发生季胺化反应得到[S1,1,8][C1SO4]。
实施例13
同实施例6,区别在于,将实施例12所得[S1,1,8][C1SO4]溶解在正癸醇中,加入甲磺酸发生反应得到[S1,1,8][C10SO4]。
实施例14
将实施例1所得的0.7mmol[N1,1,1,14][C1SO4]与0.8mmol十二烷基磺酸钠(Na[DS])溶于丙酮中,搅拌16小时,减压除去溶剂,并加入二氯甲烷以沉淀形成的Na[C1SO4]和过量的Na[DS],将剩余液体离心,过滤,真空干燥后得到得到[N1,1,1,14][DS]。
实施例15
将0.7mmol[N1,1,1,14][C1SO4]与0.8mmol十二烷基苯磺酸钠(Na[DBS])溶于二氯甲烷中,搅拌16小时,减压除去溶剂,并加入丙酮以沉淀形成的Na[C1SO4]和过量的Na[DBS],将剩余液体离心,过滤,真空干燥后得到[N1,1,1,14][DBS]。
1、辛烷值的检测
采用气相色谱对实验获得的烷基化油样品进行产物分析:Agilent TechnologyGC7890B气相色谱,HP-PONA(50m×0.2mm×0.5μm)毛细管色谱柱,定量方法采用面积归一法。
采用气相色谱分析,对实施例1-15和空白组(未添加本发明制备的催化助剂)制备的烷基化油进行检测,所测得的辛烷值如表1所示。
表1
从表1中可以看出,在制备烷基化油过程中,以本发明制备法表面活性离子液体作为催化助剂,改性传统酸催化剂催化活性明显高于传统阴/阳离子表面活性剂改性的复合催化剂体系,辛烷值明显提高。
2、将实施例1-15制备的表面活性离子液体和硫酸的复合催化剂循环使用10次,结果发现:得到的烷基化油中辛烷值依然可以达到94以上,说明本发明制备的表面活性离子液体稳定性好,催化效率高。
实施例16
表面活性离子液体的制备:
将N,N-二甲基十四烷基胺(0.06mol)溶于甲苯(10mL)中,并将溶液在氮气保护下冰水浴冷却,缓慢逐滴加入硫酸二甲酯(0.067mol)得到混合物,搅拌0.5h,然后在转速为7000rpm条件下离心3min,过滤,得到白色固体,用乙酸乙酯洗涤,减压除去残留的乙酸乙酯,并将得到的白色固体在高真空下干燥10小时,得到[N1,1,1,14][C1SO4]。
烷基化油的制备方法同实施例1。
测得辛烷值为97.42。
实施例17
表面活性离子液体的制备:
将N,N-二甲基十四烷基胺(0.06mol)溶于甲苯(10mL)中,并将溶液在氮气保护下冰水浴冷却,缓慢逐滴加入硫酸二甲酯(0.067mol)得到混合物,搅拌1.5h,然后在转速为7000rpm条件下离心3min,过滤,得到白色固体,用乙酸乙酯洗涤,减压除去残留的乙酸乙酯,并将得到的白色固体在高真空下干燥14小时,得到[N1,1,1,14][C1SO4]。
烷基化油的制备方法同实施例1。
测得辛烷值为97.03。
实施例18
表面活性离子液体的制备:
将N,N-二甲基十四烷基胺(0.06mol)溶于甲苯(10mL)中,并将溶液在氮气保护下冰水浴冷却,缓慢逐滴加入硫酸二甲酯(0.067mol)得到混合物,搅拌1.5h,然后在转速为9000rpm条件下离心3min,过滤,得到白色固体,用乙酸乙酯洗涤,减压除去残留的乙酸乙酯,并将得到的白色固体在高真空下干燥14小时,得到[N1,1,1,14][C1SO4]。
烷基化油的制备方法同实施例1。
测得辛烷值为97.14。
实施例19
表面活性离子液体的制备:
将N,N-二甲基十四烷基胺(0.06mol)溶于甲苯(10mL)中,并将溶液在氮气保护下冰水浴冷却,缓慢逐滴加入硫酸二甲酯(0.067mol)得到混合物,搅拌1h,然后在转速为8000rpm条件下离心3min,过滤,得到白色固体,用乙酸乙酯洗涤,减压除去残留的乙酸乙酯,并将得到的白色固体在高真空下干燥12小时,得到[N1,1,1,14][C1SO4]。
烷基化油的制备方法同实施例1。
测得辛烷值为97.25。
对比例1
同实施例1,区别在于,催化助剂添加量为酸催化剂的1wt%。
结果发现:辛烷值97.8
对比例2
同实施例1,区别在于,催化助剂添加量为酸催化剂的5wt%。
结果发现:辛烷值96.7
对比例3
同实施例1,区别在于,催化助剂添加量为酸催化剂的7wt%。
结果发现:辛烷值95.5
从上述实验可以看出,添加量提高到1%时,烷基化油辛烷值略有上升,但继续提高添加量,烷基化油辛烷值开始下降。这是由于对于具有较高浓度的离子液体表面活性剂的体系,烷基长链在反应界面处形成了明显的团簇,挤压了界面处的空间,导致界面出烷烯比下降,反而抑制了烷基化反应活性。但仍比不加添加剂辛烷值高。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (1)
1.一种表面活性离子液体在制备烷基化油中的应用,其特征在于,所述表面活性离子液体的制备步骤如下:
将0.06mol的N,N-二甲基十四烷基胺溶于10mL甲苯中,并将溶液在氮气保护下冰水浴冷却,缓慢逐滴加入0.067mol硫酸二甲酯得到混合物,搅拌1h,然后在转速为8000rpm条件下离心2min,过滤,得到白色固体,用乙酸乙酯洗涤,减压除去残留的乙酸乙酯,并将得到的白色固体在高真空下干燥12h,得到表面活性离子液体[N1,1,1,14][C1SO4];
所述烷基化油的制备:
将331.2g硫酸和3.312g得到的表面活性离子液体[N1,1,1,14][C1SO4]加入到1L玻璃反应釜中,设定釜内压力为0.5MPa,反应温度为8℃,加入120ml原料气搅拌,其中原料气由体积比为6.5:1的异丁烷和反-2-丁烯组成,搅拌转速为3000rpm,反应时间为15min,待反应结束后,将反应液转移至分液漏斗中,静置分层,其上层为烷基化油,下层为催化剂,分离后分别得到烷基化油产品和催化剂。
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