CN113117703A - 珊瑚状TiOF2光催化剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
珊瑚状TiOF2光催化剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于光催化剂技术领域,涉及一种珊瑚状TiOF2光催化剂及其制备方法和应用,方法包括以下步骤:1)制备立方体TiOF2前驱体;2)在聚四氟乙烯容器中,将制备的立方体TiOF2前驱体分散于NaOH中,搅拌;并将容器置于高压反应釜中反应、冷却至室温,并用HCl洗涤,直至洗涤滤液pH小于7;3)继续用无水乙醇和水洗涤,直至洗涤滤液pH为7(6.8~7.2),干燥得到珊瑚花状H2Ti3O7。本发明旨利用立方体TiOF2为前驱体,氢氧化钠为剥离剂通过碱性水热法制备出珊瑚状TiOF2光催化剂;该催化剂形貌呈珊瑚状,其光催化性能优越,且对盐酸四环素和罗丹明B催化降解性能良好。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于光催化剂技术领域,涉及一种珊瑚状TiOF2光催化剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
盐酸四环素是我国使用最多的抗生素之一,广泛应用于医药行业、集约化农业和水产养殖领域。然而,由于四环素结构中的萘酚环不能被生物体完全代谢,超过85%的抗生素可以被提取并排放到环境中,威胁到生态系统和人类健康。此外,罗丹明B是一种应用较为广泛的有机染料,但它的污染浓度大、色度高、可生化性差,用传统的生化和物化的方法都难以处理。近十几年来,光催化氧化技术被大量应用于消除各类有机污染物。在光催化降解有机物的过程中,光催化剂扮演了很重要的角色。
氟氧钛(TiOF2)作为一种新型半导体材料已经逐渐出现在光催化的应用领域。目前,大部分TiOF2呈现立方体形貌。然而,在实际应用过程中立方体TiOF2对盐酸四环素和染料的吸附性能较差,不利于污染物到达光催化剂表面的活性位点。因此,高效的TiOF2光催化剂的研发仍然是环境应用领域需要克服的难题。
发明内容
本发明旨在公开一种珊瑚状TiOF2光催化剂制备方法,利用立方体TiOF2为前驱体,氢氧化钠为剥离剂通过碱性水热法制备出珊瑚状TiOF2光催化剂;该催化剂形貌呈珊瑚状,其光催化性能优越,且对盐酸四环素和罗丹明B催化降解性能良好。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种珊瑚状TiOF2光催化剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)制备立方体TiOF2前驱体,备用;
2)在聚四氟乙烯容器中,将制备的立方体TiOF2前驱体分散于NaOH溶液中,所述立方体TiOF2前驱体与NaOH摩尔比为1:9~11;搅拌均匀;并将容器置于高压反应釜中反应、冷却至室温得到产物,并用HCl溶液洗涤产物,直至洗涤滤液pH小于7,得到样品;
3)继续用无水乙醇和水洗涤样品,直至洗涤滤液pH为6.8~7.2,样品干燥得到珊瑚花状TiOF2。
进一步的,所述步骤2)中,TiOF2前驱体与NaOH摩尔比为1:9,1:10,1:11;所述NaOH溶液浓度为1mol/L。
进一步的,所述步骤2)中,反应温度为140~160℃,反应时间为2.5~3.5h。
进一步的,所述骤2)中,HCl溶液浓度为0.4~0.6mol/L。
进一步的,所述步骤3)中,干燥温度为60~80℃。
进一步的,所述步骤1)中,立方体TiOF2前驱体的制备过程包括:
1.1)将冰乙酸CH3COOH和氢氟酸HF按照5:1的体积比加入至聚四氟乙烯内胆中,搅拌均匀,得到混合溶液A;
1.2)以每秒两滴的速度将钛酸四丁酯TBOT加入到溶液A中,搅拌均匀,得到白色悬浮液;所述钛酸四丁酯TBOT与冰乙酸CH3COOH体积比为1:2;
1.3)将聚四氟乙烯内胆置于高压反应釜中,在温度170~190℃下,反应2.5~3.5h,得到的产物经冷却、洗涤、温度为60~80℃下干燥后得到立方体TiOF2前驱体。
一种所述的珊瑚状TiOF2光催化剂的制备方法制备的珊瑚状TiOF2光催化剂。
一种所述的珊瑚状TiOF2光催化剂在催化降解盐酸四环素中的应用。
一种所述的珊瑚状TiOF2光催化剂在催化降解罗丹明B中的应用。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明利用立方体TiOF2为前驱体,氢氧化钠为剥离剂通过碱性水热法成功制备出珊瑚状TiOF2,该TiOF2形貌珊瑚状,活性位点多;同时将珊瑚状TiOF2用作光催化剂,能有效吸附降解溶液中的盐酸四环素和罗丹明B,对印染废水中的罗丹明B降解率达到90%,对于抗生素废水中的的盐酸四环素降解率达到85%以上,催化降解性能良好。
附图说明
图1为本发明制备的珊瑚状TiOF2光催化剂的XRD图谱;
图2为本发明制备的珊瑚状TiOF2光催化剂的SEM图谱(500nm);
图3为本发明制备的珊瑚状TiOF2光催化剂的SEM图谱(100nm);
图4为本发明制备的珊瑚状TiOF2光催化剂的BET曲线图;
图5为本发明制备的珊瑚状TiOF2光催化剂的紫外光谱图;
图6为本发明制备的珊瑚状TiOF2光催化剂的Tauc图;
图7为本发明制备的珊瑚状TiOF2光催化剂与立方体TiOF2对盐酸四环素的催化降解图;
图8为本发明制备的珊瑚状TiOF2光催化剂与立方体TiOF2对罗丹明B的催化降解图;
图9为本发明制备的珊瑚状TiOF2光催化剂对罗丹明B催化降解变化实物图。
具体实施方式
现结合附图以及实施例对本发明做详细的说明。
实施例1~实施例5
本实施例提供的珊瑚状TiOF2光催化剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)通过一步水热法合成制备立方体TiOF2前驱体,备用;
1.1)将冰乙酸CH3COOH和氢氟酸HF按照体积比加入至聚四氟乙烯内胆中,25℃搅拌5min,得到混合溶液A;
1.2)以每秒两滴的速度将钛酸四丁酯TBOT加入到溶液A中,25℃搅拌1h,得到白色悬浮液;钛酸四丁酯TBOT与冰乙酸CH3COOH体积比为1:2;
1.3)将聚四氟乙烯内胆置于高压反应釜中,反应得到的产物经冷却至25℃、用乙醇和超纯水洗涤、干燥后得到立方体TiOF2前驱体;
2)通过碱性水热法合成珊瑚状TiOF2;
具体的,在聚四氟乙烯容器中,将制备的立方体TiOF2前驱体分散于NaOH溶液中,25℃搅拌1h;并将容器置于高压反应釜中反应、冷却至25℃得到产物,并用HCl溶液洗涤产物,直至洗涤滤液pH小于7,得到样品;
3)继续用无水乙醇和水洗涤样品,直至洗涤滤液pH为7,样品干燥得到珊瑚状TiOF2。
实施例1~实施例5提供的制备方法步骤相同,但是5个实施例中,各步骤采用的制备参数有所不同,具体参数如表1所示。
表1实施例1~实施例5各制备参数
在实施例1~实施例5中,选择实施例1提供的参数制备的珊瑚状TiOF2光催化剂,并对其性能进行试验研究,进一步说明本发明制备的珊瑚状TiOF2光催化剂性能优越性。
试验1XRD
试验组:实施例1制备的珊瑚状TiOF2光催化剂;
对比组:立方体TiOF2;
采用多晶X射线衍射仪(XD-3,北京普析通用仪器有限公司)分别对试验组和对比组进行X射线衍射分析,得到XRD图谱(如图1所示);
通过图1可以看出,2θ=23.69°、33.54°、48.11°、54.15°、60.02°和66.98°处的衍射峰归因于立方体TiOF2的{100}、{110}、{200}、{210}、{211}、{220}面(JCPDSno.080060)。证实了我们制备出结晶度良好的TiOF2。
试验2SEM
对实施例1制备的珊瑚状TiOF2光催化剂,采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(GermanZeiss sigma 500)进行扫描电镜试验分析进行扫描电镜试验分析,得到SEM图谱(如图2和图3所示)。
从图2和图3可以看出,TiOF2是由较小的纳米颗粒(20-30nm)聚集成棒状从而呈现出珊瑚状的结构。
试验3BET
对实施例1制备的珊瑚状TiOF2光催化剂,采用高精度比表面积及孔径分析仪(JW-BK122W,北京精微高博科学技术有限公司)进行比表面积和孔径分析试验,得到BET曲线图和BJH孔径分布图,如图4所示。
从图4分析可知,珊瑚状TiOF2光催化剂显示出IV型等温线和H3型磁滞环,表明介孔结构的存在。这表明固体由形成狭缝状孔的颗粒聚集体组成。比表面积为125.3m2/g,孔体积为0.15cm3/g,平均孔径为7.94nm。
试验4紫外可见漫反射光谱
对实施例1制备的珊瑚状TiOF2光催化剂,采用采用紫外可见分光光度计(Shimadzu UV-2600,Japan)进行紫外分析试验,得到紫外反射光谱图,如图5所示。
从图5可知,珊瑚状TiOF2对于紫外光和可见光有良好的吸收;同时根据图5得到的数据做出吸收光谱图,如图6所示。
在图6中,做出吸收光谱图的切线,从而得到禁带宽度为2.88eV,这说明该催化剂具有较窄的带隙能,易被可见光激发产生载流子分离。
试验5催化降解
1)盐酸四环素降解
分别取10mg/L、100mL盐酸四环素溶液两份,并向两份盐酸四环素溶液中分别加入0.03g实施例1制备的珊瑚状TiOF2光催化剂和立方体TiOF2前驱体,待溶液中的污染物在黑暗条件下达到吸附解吸平衡后,开启模拟太阳光分别在0min、10min、20min、30min、40min、50min和60min下检测溶液中的盐酸四环素的含量,结果如图7所示。
从图7可知,采用本发明制备的珊瑚状TiOF2光催化剂,光催化降解30min对盐酸四环素的总去除率可达到85%以上,其降解率远高于立方体TiOF2(30%)。
2)罗丹明催化降解
分别取10mg/L、100mL罗丹明B溶液两份,并向两份罗丹明B溶液中分别加入0.03g实施例1制备的珊瑚状TiOF2光催化剂和立方体TiOF2前驱体,待溶液中的污染物在黑暗条件下达到吸附解吸平衡后,开启模拟太阳光分别在0min、10min、20min、30min、40min、50min和60min下检测溶液中的罗丹明B的含量,结果如图8所示。
从图8可知,采用本发明制备的珊瑚状TiOF2光催化剂,光催化降解15min对罗丹明B的总去除率可达到90%以上,其降解率远高于立方体TiOF2(20%)。
同时分别观察降解时间对罗丹明B溶液颜色的影响,如图9所示,催化降解15min,罗丹明B溶液颜色从初始的粉红色变为接近白透明色。
本发明制备的珊瑚状TiOF2催化降解活性好是由于珊瑚状TiOF2具有大的比表面积,使得污染物可以迅速吸附在光催化剂表面。进一步,当模拟太阳光照射时,由于珊瑚状TiOF2具有可见光响应可使得载流子分离,电子与氧气作用生成·O2 -,空穴与水作用生成·OH从而对污染物产生降解,对印染废水中的罗丹明B降解率达到90%,对于抗生素废水中的的盐酸四环素降解率达到85%以上,降解效果明显。
Claims (9)
1.一种珊瑚状TiOF2光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)制备立方体TiOF2前驱体,备用;
2)在聚四氟乙烯容器中,将制备的立方体TiOF2前驱体分散于NaOH溶液中,所述立方体TiOF2前驱体与NaOH摩尔比为1:9~11;搅拌均匀;并将容器置于高压反应釜中反应、冷却至室温得到产物,并用HCl溶液洗涤产物,直至洗涤滤液pH小于7,得到样品;
3)继续用无水乙醇和水洗涤样品,直至洗涤滤液pH为6.8~7.2,样品干燥得到珊瑚状TiOF2。
2.根据权利要求1所述的珊瑚状TiOF2光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤2)中,所述NaOH溶液浓度为0.9~1.1mol/L。
3.根据权利要求1所述的珊瑚状TiOF2光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤2)中,反应温度为140~160℃,反应时间为2.5~3.5h。
4.根据权利要求2所述的珊瑚状TiOF2光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述骤2)中,HCl溶液浓度为0.4~0.6mol/L。
5.根据权利要求1所述的珊瑚状TiOF2光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤3)中,干燥温度为60~80℃。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的珊瑚状TiOF2光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤1)中,立方体TiOF2前驱体的制备过程包括:
1.1)将冰乙酸CH3COOH和氢氟酸HF按照5:1的体积比加入至聚四氟乙烯内胆中,搅拌均匀,得到混合溶液A;
1.2)以每秒两滴的速度将钛酸四丁酯TBOT加入到溶液A中,搅拌均匀,得到白色悬浮液;所述钛酸四丁酯TBOT与冰乙酸CH3COOH体积比为1:2;
1.3)将聚四氟乙烯内胆置于高压反应釜中,在温度170~190℃下,反应2.5~3.5h,得到的产物经冷却、洗涤、温度为60~80℃下干燥后得到立方体TiOF2前驱体。
7.一种如权利要求1所述的珊瑚状TiOF2光催化剂的制备方法制备的珊瑚状TiOF2光催化剂。
8.如权利要求7所述的珊瑚状TiOF2光催化剂在催化降解盐酸四环素中的应用。
9.如权利要求7所述的珊瑚状TiOF2光催化剂在催化降解罗丹明B中的应用。
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