CN113115690A

CN113115690A - Corn straw full-coverage original ridge no-tillage seeding method

Info

Publication number: CN113115690A
Application number: CN202010028509.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴冠军; 黄亚明; 冯艳辉
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-01-11
Filing date: 2020-01-11
Publication date: 2021-07-16

Abstract

The invention discloses a corn straw full-coverage original ridge no-tillage seeding method, which comprises the following steps: s1, returning all straws to the field and covering the straws on the ground surface during autumn harvest: after the corn is harvested mechanically, the straw is put into a whole stalk or is crushed and then covers the ground surface; s2, sowing seeds in spring without soil and direct tillage: using a special no-tillage planter for protective farming to sow in original ridges, wherein the sowing position is 2-3 cm lateral to the original root stubble, and simultaneously applying base fertilizer; s3, controlling diseases, pests and weeds by using the seedling-stage medicament: spraying herbicide to kill weeds, prevent diseases and prevent insects in seedling stage. The method of the invention can enhance the water storage and soil moisture conservation and drought resistance of the cultivated land, improve the water content, increase the organic matters of the field, reduce the locomotive land entering in the operation period, save fuel oil, reduce the abrasion of machines and tools and improve the comprehensive production capacity of grains.

Description

Corn straw full-coverage original ridge no-tillage seeding method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of sampling devices, in particular to a corn straw full-coverage original ridge no-tillage seeding method.

Background

The existing harvesting, farming and sowing method comprises the following steps: after harvesting, the stubble is burnt out, only few stubbles are left in the soil, and the seeding operation is carried out by a rotary tillage and no-tillage drill method. The harvesting, farming and sowing method not only pollutes the environment, but also hardens the soil, reduces the soil fertility, extremely reduces the organic matter content of the soil, influences the development of the corn in the middle and later periods, reduces the yield, only increases the yield by applying a large amount of fertilizers and pesticides, generates vicious circle, and has difficulty in continuously producing high yield and high efficiency.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the technical defects, the invention aims to provide a method for sowing corn straws in a full-coverage original ridge without tillage.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a corn straw full-coverage original ridge no-tillage seeding method, which comprises the following steps:

s1, returning all straws to the field and covering the straws on the ground surface during autumn harvest: after the corn is harvested mechanically, the straw is put into a whole stalk or is crushed and then covers the ground surface;

s2, sowing seeds in spring without soil and direct tillage: sowing the seeds in original ridges by using a special no-tillage planter for protective farming, wherein the sowing position is 2-3 cm lateral to the original root stubbles, and fertilizing at the same time;

s3, controlling diseases, pests and weeds by using the seedling-stage medicament: spraying a medicament to weed in the seedling stage, and preventing diseases and insects;

further, S4, topdressing during seedling middle period: and (4) carrying out one-time topdressing by using a narrow furrow in the middle stage of seedling.

Tests show that compared with the existing planting method of leaving the field with straws, the method has the advantages that the water storage and soil moisture conservation and drought resistance of the cultivated field are enhanced, and the water content of the soil plough layer in spring is improved by more than 15%; the organic matter content of the field is increased by 5-6 percentage points every year, and the total returning of the crop straws is equivalent to about 6 tons of farmyard manure applied per mu; the locomotive reduces 8 times of land advance in each operation period, and the mechanical land advance is reduced for 8 times in each planting period, namely, the land raking is performed twice, the centralized cleaning is performed, the straw burning is performed, the mechanical stubble cleaning is performed, the stubble breaking is performed, the soil moisture digging is performed, the pressing is performed, the intertillage is performed twice, and the like; a large amount of fuel oil and machine tool abrasion are saved, 50 liters of diesel oil is saved per hectare, the tail gas emission of a locomotive is reduced, the corn straw burning is avoided by about 5 tons per hectare, and a large amount of carbon dioxide isothermal chamber gas emission is reduced; under the general drought condition, straw mulching no-tillage seeding can replace sitting water seeds, can realize one-time seeding and one-time taking of whole seedlings, and saves water by more than 500 tons; reducing water irrigation twice under the drought condition; after the straws are returned to the field for three years, 80 jin of nitrogen, 200 jin of phosphorus and 60 jin of potassium are applied to each hectare every year, and more than 400 jin of chemical fertilizer can be applied each year; the comprehensive production capacity of the grains is improved, the average yield increase amplitude is 15-30%, and the yield of the grains per hectare is increased by more than 2000 jin.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

A corn straw full-coverage original ridge no-tillage seeding method comprises the following steps:

s1, returning all straws to the field and covering the straws on the ground surface during autumn harvest: after the corn is mechanically harvested, covering the ground surface with the whole straw;

s2, sowing seeds in spring without soil and direct tillage: using a special no-tillage planter for protective farming to sow in original ridges, wherein the seeding position is 2-3 cm lateral to original root stubble, and fertilizing according to two thirds of the total fertilizer amount required by one growth cycle of corn;

s4, intertillage and topdressing in the seedling stage: in the middle stage of seedling, a narrow plough hook is used for topdressing according to one third of the total fertilizer amount required by a growth cycle of corn.

Example 2

s1, returning all straws to the field and covering the straws on the ground surface during autumn harvest: after the corn is harvested mechanically, the ground surface is covered with crushed straws;

s2, sowing seeds in spring without soil and direct tillage: using a special no-tillage planter for protective farming to sow in original ridges, wherein the sowing position is 2-3 cm lateral to original root stubbles, and simultaneously applying full base fertilizer (the full fertilizer required by one growth cycle of corns);

s3, controlling diseases, pests and weeds by using the seedling-stage medicament: spraying herbicide to kill weeds, prevent diseases and prevent insects in seedling stage.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A corn straw full-coverage original ridge no-tillage seeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s2, sowing seeds in spring without soil and direct tillage: using a special no-tillage planter for protective farming to sow in original ridges, wherein the sowing position is 2-3 cm lateral to the original root stubble, and simultaneously applying base fertilizer;

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising step S4, topdressing during mid-seedling cultivation: and (5) carrying out one-time topdressing by using a narrow plough hook in the middle stage of seedling.