CN113101912B - 一种球磨钛铁矿制备磁性TiO2光催化剂的方法及所得磁性TiO2的应用 - Google Patents
一种球磨钛铁矿制备磁性TiO2光催化剂的方法及所得磁性TiO2的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种球磨钛铁矿制备磁性TiO2光催化剂的方法及所得磁性TiO2的应用,球磨钛铁矿制备磁性TiO2光催化剂的方法,利用磁铁或电磁场作用,分选出具有磁性的钛铁矿粉体,然后将具有磁性的磁性钛铁矿粉体在溶液介质中球磨,TiO2由无定型转变为锐钛型,钛铁矿晶型具有明显的锐钛矿特征峰出现,而磁性保持不变,得到磁性TiO2光催化剂。本发明球磨钛铁矿制备磁性TiO2光催化剂的方法,以钛铁矿为前驱体,采用球磨法制得了磁性TiO2,具有明显的锐钛矿特征峰出现,而磁性没有变化,所得磁性TiO2具有优异的光催化活性,且方便回收,可反复使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种球磨钛铁矿制备磁性TiO2光催化剂的方法及所得磁性TiO2的应用,属于光催化技术领域。
背景技术
钛铁矿是海南的主要矿产之一,占全国的48%。钛铁矿中除含50%左右的TiO2和10~20%SiO2外,含Fe3O4一般在20%~30%左右,还含有少量的Ca、Mg、S、P、 Si等氧化物。在原矿中铁离子的存在形式较为复杂,从理论上讲矿石中铁是以Fe3+和Fe2+的形式存在,而Fe2+不稳定,不能长期单独存在,在钛铁矿中,Fe2+一般是和Fe3+形成复合体,即Fe3O4;Fe2+也可以和TiO2形成复合体即FeTiO3(钛酸亚铁),从而使得原矿中铁是以磁铁矿Fe3O4、赤铁矿Fe2O3和钛铁矿FeTiO3的形式共生存在。
现有技术中,虽然有关于钛铁矿处理的一些报道,如CN201811172623.1一种由钛精矿制备人造金红石的方法:包括钛铁矿分级、氧化焙烧、还原焙烧、氟化盐分段酸浸除杂、水洗、煅烧等五个步骤之后得到高品位的人造金红石;CN201911182728.X一种利用低品位高钙镁钛铁矿制备人造金红石的方法:将高品位钛铁矿进行氧化处理,得到氧化钛铁矿;将低品位钛铁矿进行氧化处理,然后在还原气氛下进行还原处理得还原钛铁矿;将所得的氧化钛铁矿和所得的还原钛铁矿混合均匀得改性钛铁矿,然后进行酸浸,然后固液分离、洗涤得人造金红石初品;将步所得的人造金红石初品进行煅烧,即得产品人造金红石;CN201810785059.4钛铁矿制备高强度人造金红石的方法:为了解决人造金红石强度低、易粉化的问题,该发明提供了一种钛铁矿制备高强度人造金红石的方法,钛铁矿经“高温氧化-弱还原-高温再氧化-酸浸-碱浸-煅烧”,得到人造金红石,通过对钛铁矿进行“高温氧化-弱还原-高温再氧化”预处理改变钛铁矿微观组成和形态,使其在后续酸浸-碱浸除杂过程中同时具有很好的反应活性和抗机械力,使钛回收率达98%以上,TiO2含量更高,粒度保持更好,细粉比例更低;CN101531397一种由钛铁矿制备金红石型二氧化钛的清洁生产方法:以钛铁矿为原料,使其与200~260℃的氢氧化钾亚熔盐反应制备中间产物,然后将中间产物进行水洗、酸溶、萃取除铁(III)、水解直接制备金红石型二氧化钛,二氧化钛纯度可达98.5%,该发明避免了高温焙烧,钛铁矿的转化率可以达到96.5%以上,并且碱、酸、萃取剂可以循环利用,制得钛酸钾中间产物可以作为制备系列钛的中间体,为钛铁矿的综合利用及金红石型二氧化钛的制备提供了一条有效的途径。但现有技术中关于钛铁矿处理的报道,所解决的技术问题及所采用的技术方案,均与本申请内容不相关。目前,以钛铁矿为前驱体,采用球磨法制备磁性光催化剂,尚未见发明报道。
发明内容
本发明提供一种球磨钛铁矿制备磁性TiO2光催化剂的方法及所得磁性TiO2的应用,本发明以钛铁矿为前驱体,采用球磨法制得了磁性TiO2,所得磁性TiO2具有优异的光催化活性。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明所采用的技术方案如下:
一种球磨钛铁矿制备磁性TiO2光催化剂的方法,利用磁铁或电磁场作用,分选出具有磁性的钛铁矿粉体,然后将具有磁性的磁性钛铁矿粉体在溶液介质中球磨,钛铁矿粉体中的TiO2由无定型转变为锐钛型,钛铁矿晶型具有明显的锐钛矿特征峰出现,而钛铁矿粉体的磁性保持不变,得到磁性TiO2光催化剂。
经实践,上述磁性TiO2具有优异的光催化活性,溶液中悬浮的磁性钛铁矿光催化剂粉体可以利用磁场回收。
申请人经研究发现,采用球磨机球磨钛铁矿过程中,球与钛铁矿物料碰撞瞬间产生的能量可导致高温,为钛铁矿颗粒表面TiO2晶型发生转变提供条件,达到球磨目的。
本申请磁性TiO2光催化剂的磁性采用超导量子干涉仪磁性测量系统测量,其晶型采用XRD衍射仪测量。
为了进一步确保产品的催化效率,上述分选出的具有磁性的钛铁矿粉体的饱和磁化强度大于2emu·g-1。
为了提高所得磁性TiO2的催化效率,球磨所用设备为行星式球磨机,公转速率为100~800r/min,自转速率为100~1000r/min,球磨时间为2~10小时,球料质量比为10:1~1:1。进一步优选,公转速率为250~350r/min,自转速率为100~200r/min,球磨时间为5~7小时。当球磨超过7小时,金红石TiO2的增多将会降低钛铁矿的光催化活性。
为了提高所得磁性TiO2的催化效率,溶液介质为水、氢氧化钠、盐酸、苯甲醛、甲醛、冰乙酸、正丁醇、乙酸乙酯、乙醇、丙三醇或呋喃甲醛,球磨罐的材质为不锈钢,球磨球的材质为玛瑙。优选,溶液介质为盐酸或呋喃甲醛,盐酸的浓度为0.1mol/L。
上述制得的磁性TiO2可用于光催化剂。
在搅拌作用下,以悬浮态形式进行光催化降解亚甲基蓝实验,验证了上述制得的磁性TiO2的光催化活性,具体为:将磁性TiO2悬浮于溶液中,用量为0.5-5.0g/L,亚甲基蓝溶液初始浓度为0.5-50mg/L,光源为5-50W低压汞灯或300-500W中压汞灯,光源在溶液外部照射,也可以在防水保护下在溶液内部照射,亚甲基蓝浓度变化采用分光光度计测定,反应结束后,溶液中悬浮的磁性钛铁矿光催化剂粉体可以利用磁场或电磁场分离回收再利用。
上述磁性TiO2的用量为0.5-5.0g/L反应溶液,进一步优选,磁性TiO2的用量为1-2g/L。
本发明未提及的技术均参照现有技术。
本发明球磨钛铁矿制备磁性TiO2光催化剂的方法,以钛铁矿为前驱体,采用球磨法制得了磁性TiO2,具有明显的锐钛矿特征峰出现,而磁性没有变化,所得磁性TiO2具有优异的光催化活性,且方便回收,可反复使用。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中钛铁矿球磨前后的XRD图(a、球磨前,b、球磨后(球磨6h));
图2为实施例1中钛铁矿球磨前后的磁化强度曲线;
图3为实施例3中磁性TiO2回收前后效果图(a、回收前,b回收后);
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解本发明,下面结合实施例进一步阐明本发明的内容,但本发明的内容不仅仅局限于下面的实施例。
各例中所用球磨机为行星式球磨机,球磨罐的材质为不锈钢,球磨球的材质为玛瑙,球料比为8:1。
实施例1
不同球磨时间钛铁矿的光催化活性对比:
准确称取5.0g经超声水洗的、饱和磁化强度大于2emu·g-1的海南钛铁矿粉体(通过电磁场分选得到),加入10mL去离子水,分别球磨(球磨机的操作参数为公转转速为300r/min、自转100r/min)2、4、6、8、10个小时后,分别用电子天平称取1.00g,并量取 500ml、2.5mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液于光反应器中,加磁子,开启搅拌器、通风,打开15w 低压汞灯照射并开始计时。每隔5min取样,连续取样。反应结束后将所取样品离心沉降后利用分光光度计在波长660nm下测吸光度,计算降解率。结果如表1所示,当球磨机公转速率为300r/min、自转速率100r/min、球磨时间6小时所制备的钛铁矿,作为光催化剂用于光催化降解亚甲基蓝,反应50min时,降解率为76.21%,效果最佳。对球磨6h 的钛铁矿进行XRD和磁性分析,结果如图1和图2所示。由图1可见,经球磨处理后,明显出现了锐钛型TiO2在101晶面处的特征峰,说明钛铁矿颗粒表面的TiO2经球磨后由无定型转变为锐钛型。当球磨超过6小时,金红石TiO2的增多将会降低钛铁矿的光催化活性,如表1所示。由图2可见,钛铁矿具有顺磁性,饱和磁化强度为8.02emu·g-1,球磨前后磁性没有改变,具备利用磁场回收的磁性条件。
表1球磨时间对降解率(%)的影响
实施例2
钛铁矿在不同溶剂介质中球磨后,光催化活性对比:
准确称取5.0g经超声水洗的、饱和磁化强度大于2emu·g-1的海南钛铁矿粉体(通过电磁场分选得到),分别加入10mL蒸馏水、氢氧化钠(0.1M)、盐酸(0.1M)、苯甲醛、冰乙酸(0.1M)、正丁醇、乙酸乙酯、乙醇或呋喃甲醛,球磨(球磨机的操作参数为公转转速为300r/min、自转100r/min)6小时后,用电子天平称取1.00g,并量取500ml、2.5 mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液于光反应器中,加磁子,开启搅拌器、通风,打开10W低压汞灯照射并开始计时。将所取样品离心沉降后利用分光光度计在波长660nm下测吸光度,计算降解率,结果如表2所示。从表2可见,光催化反应60min后、溶剂介质为盐酸(0.1 M)时,亚甲基蓝降解率为70.61%,效果较好,其次为呋喃甲醛,降解率为70.13%。
表2溶剂对降解率(%)的影响
实施例3
不同钛铁矿用量光催化降解亚甲基蓝对比及光催化剂回收:
准确称取4个5.0g经超声水洗的、饱和磁化强度大于2emu·g-1的海南钛铁矿粉体(通过电磁场分选得到),分别加入10mL去离子水,球磨(球磨机的操作参数为公转转速为300r/min、自转100r/min)6小时后,分别用电子天平称取0.5、1.0、2.0、3.0、4.0g,并量取500ml、2.5mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液于光反应器中,加磁子,开启搅拌器、通风,打开15w低压汞灯照射并开始计时。将所取样品离心沉降后利用分光光度计在波长660 nm下测吸光度并计算降解率,结果如表3所示。从表3可见,当钛铁矿质量为1.0g时,光催化反应50min后亚甲基蓝降解率为76.21%,效果较好,当继续增加钛铁矿用量,紫外光在溶液中被阻挡,入射光程减小,反而会降低亚甲基蓝降解效果。图3为磁铁回收磁性钛铁矿光催化剂实验效果,由图可见,在磁铁的作用下,磁性TiO2光催化剂可以很容易地从溶液中分离回收再利用,磁性TiO2光催化剂反复使用10次后,降解率几乎不变。
表3球磨钛铁矿质量对降解率(%)的影响
Claims (8)
1.一种球磨钛铁矿制备磁性TiO2光催化剂在亚甲基蓝溶液降解中的应用,其特征在于:利用磁铁或电磁场作用,分选出具有磁性的钛铁矿粉体,然后将具有磁性的钛铁矿粉体在介质中球磨,钛铁矿粉体中的TiO2由无定型转变为锐钛型,而钛铁矿粉体的磁性保持不变,从而得到磁性TiO2光催化剂;介质为水、氢氧化钠溶液、盐酸、苯甲醛、甲醛、冰乙酸、正丁醇、乙酸乙酯、乙醇、丙三醇或呋喃甲醛,球磨罐的材质为不锈钢,球磨球的材质为玛瑙。
2.如权利要求1所述的球磨钛铁矿制备磁性TiO2光催化剂在亚甲基蓝溶液降解中的应用,其特征在于:具有磁性的钛铁矿粉体的饱和磁化强度大于2emu·g-1。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的球磨钛铁矿制备磁性TiO2光催化剂在亚甲基蓝溶液降解中的应用,其特征在于:球磨所用设备为行星式球磨机,公转速率为100~800r/min,自转速率为100~1000r/min,球磨时间为2~10小时,球料比为10:1~1:1。
4.如权利要求3所述的球磨钛铁矿制备磁性TiO2光催化剂在亚甲基蓝溶液降解中的应用,其特征在于:公转速率为250~350r/min,自转速率为100~200r/min,球磨时间为5~7小时。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的球磨钛铁矿制备磁性TiO2光催化剂在亚甲基蓝溶液降解中的应用,其特征在于:介质为盐酸或呋喃甲醛,盐酸的浓度为0.1mol/L。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的球磨钛铁矿制备磁性TiO2光催化剂在亚甲基蓝溶液降解中的应用,其特征在于:磁性TiO2的用量为0.5-5.0g/L。
7.如权利要求6所述的球磨钛铁矿制备磁性TiO2光催化剂在亚甲基蓝溶液降解中的应用,其特征在于:磁性TiO2的用量为1-2 g/L。
8.如权利要求1或2所述的球磨钛铁矿制备磁性TiO2光催化剂在亚甲基蓝溶液降解中的应用,其特征在于:光催化结束后,利用磁铁或电磁场从溶液中分离回收磁性TiO2,循环利用。
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