CN113101589A - Efficient environment-friendly foam extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Efficient environment-friendly foam extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113101589A CN113101589A CN202110333029.1A CN202110333029A CN113101589A CN 113101589 A CN113101589 A CN 113101589A CN 202110333029 A CN202110333029 A CN 202110333029A CN 113101589 A CN113101589 A CN 113101589A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0071—Foams
- A62D1/0085—Foams containing perfluoroalkyl-terminated surfactant
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0064—Gels; Film-forming compositions
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fire extinguishing materials, and particularly discloses a high-efficiency environment-friendly foam extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof. The high-efficiency environment-friendly foam extinguishing agent comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 5-10% of short-carbon-chain nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant, 1-5% of temperature-sensitive high polymer, 10-20% of alkyl glycoside, 5-10% of betaine, 1-5% of foam stabilizer, 0.5-1% of corrosion inhibitor, 1-5% of antifreeze agent, 0.1-2% of pH buffer and the balance of deionized water. The environment-friendly efficient foam extinguishing agent is easy to degrade, has no bioaccumulation, is environment-friendly and has good safety performance; simultaneously can completely cut off oxygen fast, the dwell time of extension water, cooling rapidly has promoted the utilization ratio and the fire extinguishing effect of water, and the fire extinguishing efficiency is high, and is fast and prevent that the ability is strong that reburning.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fire extinguishing materials, in particular to a high-efficiency environment-friendly foam extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The power transformer contains hundreds of tons of hydrocarbon mineral insulating oil, and a fire disaster is very easy to happen when a fault occurs. The fire can cause a large-area long-time power failure accident, and extremely bad social influence is caused. The flammable liquid such as large-scale oil fields, chemical plants and the like has strong volatility, high combustion heat value, flowing property and splashing property, and once ignited, the burning speed is extremely high, and the extinguishing difficulty is extremely high. And the poisonous and harmful substances generated by the combustion of the hydrocarbon liquid can seriously harm the life safety of people and cause great loss to the production and life of people. The water film-forming foam extinguishing agent is the most common fire extinguishing mode for extinguishing B-class fire of flammable liquid at present.
The fluorocarbon surfactant mainly adopted by the aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent is mainly perfluorooctyl sulfonyl fluoride derivative (commonly called PFOS), and the surfactant can quickly reduce the surface tension of water, so that foam can quickly spread on the surface of a hydrocarbon oil product to form a stable liquid film, and the effects of isolating air, quickly reducing the temperature, inhibiting the volatilization of the oil product and the like are achieved, and the fire can be quickly extinguished. However, PFOS fluorocarbon surfactant can destroy ecological environment, harm organism, is difficult to degrade, has long-distance environmental migration capability, and is listed in the controlled list by the United nations. Moreover, when the existing foam extinguishing agent is used for extinguishing fire, the fire extinguishing agent is easily evaporated by the high temperature of flame when the fire extinguishing agent does not reach the surface of burning oil products, so that the fire extinguishing effect cannot be achieved, and after flame can possibly ignite flammable liquid again at any time, so that the re-burning condition occurs.
Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop an environmentally friendly foam fire extinguishing agent with excellent fire extinguishing effect to replace the existing foam fire extinguishing agents with the above problems, so as to achieve the purpose of fire extinguishing with high efficiency and environmental protection.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a high-efficiency environment-friendly foam extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a high-efficiency environment-friendly foam extinguishing agent, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 5-10% of short-carbon-chain nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant, 1-5% of temperature-sensitive high polymer, 10-20% of alkyl glycoside, 5-10% of betaine, 1-5% of foam stabilizer, 0.5-1% of corrosion inhibitor, 1-5% of antifreeze agent, 0.1-2% of pH buffer and the balance of deionized water.
Preferably, the raw materials of the high-efficiency environment-friendly foam extinguishing agent comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 5-8% of short-carbon-chain nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant, 1% of temperature-sensitive high polymer, 10% of alkyl glycoside, 5% of betaine, 1% of foam stabilizer, 0.5% of corrosion inhibitor, 3% of antifreeze agent, 0.5% of pH buffering agent and the balance of deionized water.
Further, the short carbon chain nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant is selected from one or more compounds having the following molecular formula:
CF3(CF2)nCH2O(CH2CH2O)mH,n=1~5,m=2~4;
CF3CHFCF2CH2O(CH(CH3)CH2O)(CH2CH2O)nH,n=2~4;
CnF2n+1CONH(CH2CH2O)mH,n≤6,m=2~4;
C6F13CH2CH2S(CH2CH2O)3H。
the non-ionic short carbon chain fluorocarbon surfactant with the fluorocarbon chain length not more than 6 carbons is easy to degrade, has no bioaccumulation, has low toxicity of raw materials of the short fluorocarbon chain, and cannot cause irreversible damage to the ecological environment. Compared with ionic surfactants, the nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant has many unique advantages, is not ionized in water, has surface activity basically not influenced by factors outside systems such as electrolyte, inorganic salt, pH value and the like, can adapt to complex environment, and is more soluble in organic solvents. In addition, the non-ionic fluorocarbon surfactant has excellent surface activity performance, can greatly reduce the surface tension of the foam liquid, and can be quickly spread on the surface of the hydrocarbon liquid.
Further, the temperature-sensitive high polymer is selected from one or more of polyacrylamide and derivatives thereof, chitosan and derivatives thereof, and cellulose and derivatives thereof. Preferably, the temperature-sensitive polymer is one or more of poly-N-isopropylacrylamide, acetylated chitosan, methylcellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.
The temperature-sensitive high polymer adopted by the invention generates phase change under the high temperature condition to generate a gel substance, has stronger water absorption and water fixation, better adhesive force and higher viscosity, can prolong the detention time of water, quickly cools and reduces the temperature, has the functions of oxygen isolation and blocking, can effectively improve the utilization rate and the fire extinguishing effect of water, and reduces the using amount of water. In addition, the temperature sensitive high polymers are all non-toxic, easy to degrade and good in biocompatibility.
Further, the alkyl glycoside is an alkyl glycoside with an alkyl group R ranging from C8 to C16. Preferably, the alkyl glycoside is selected from one or more of APG0810, APG1214, APG0814, APG0816, APG 1216.
The alkyl glycoside adopted by the invention is a nonionic hydrocarbon surfactant, is nontoxic and harmless, has no stimulation to skin, is quickly and thoroughly biodegraded, can be well compounded with the nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant, has obvious synergistic effect, and simultaneously has obvious improvement effect on the foaming capacity and the foam stability of the nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant.
Further, the betaine is selected from one or more of dodecyl dimethyl betaine, tetradecyl dimethyl betaine, octadecyl dimethyl betaine, dodecyl dihydroxyethyl betaine, octadecyl dihydroxyethyl betaine, lauramidopropyl betaine, cocamidopropyl betaine, octadecamidopropyl betaine, dodecyl sulfopropyl betaine, tetradecyl sulfopropyl betaine, octadecyl sulfopropyl betaine and dodecyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine. The betaine is a zwitterionic surfactant, has good compatibility, strong moisture retention, excellent stability under acidic and alkaline conditions and good biodegradability.
Further, the foam stabilizer can be conventional in the art, and xanthan gum is preferred in the invention.
Further, the corrosion inhibitor can be conventional in the art, and benzotriazole is preferred in the invention.
Further, the antifreeze agent may be one conventionally described in the art, and triethanolamine phosphate is preferred in the present invention.
Further, the pH buffering agent may be one conventionally described in the art, and disodium edetate is preferred in the present invention.
Further preferably, the raw materials of the high-efficiency environment-friendly foam extinguishing agent comprise the following components in percentage by mass:
5 to 8 percent of fluorinated alkyl betaine; 1% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose; 10% APG 0810; 5% cocamidopropyl betaine; 1% xanthan gum; 0.5% benzotriazole; 3% triethanolamine phosphate; 0.5% disodium edetate; the balance being deionized water.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a preparation method of the high-efficiency environment-friendly foam extinguishing agent, which comprises the following steps: adding deionized water, a short-carbon-chain nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant, alkyl glycoside and betaine into a reaction kettle, uniformly stirring, sequentially adding a temperature-sensitive high polymer, a foam stabilizer, a corrosion inhibitor, an antifreeze agent and a pH buffer into the reaction kettle, uniformly stirring and filtering to obtain the product.
Further, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) adding deionized water, a short-carbon-chain nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant, alkyl glycoside and betaine into a reaction kettle, starting a stirrer and a heating device to accelerate dissolution, stopping the reaction kettle after full mixing, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a mixture A;
(2) adding the temperature-sensitive high polymer into the mixture A, starting a stirrer, stirring for dissolving, and fully mixing to obtain a mixture B;
(3) and sequentially adding the foam stabilizer, the corrosion inhibitor, the antifreeze and the pH buffer agent into the mixture B, uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain an environment-friendly high-efficiency foam extinguishing agent stock solution, and storing the environment-friendly high-efficiency foam extinguishing agent in a light-shielding closed container through filtering.
Wherein the heating temperature in the step (1) is 50-60 ℃, the filtration in the step (3) is performed by a bag type filtration device, the filtration membrane is 1250 meshes, and the particle size of the filtered foam extinguishing agent is about 10 mu m.
The percentage contents mentioned in the invention refer to the mass percentage contents unless specially stated; all the raw materials or reagents are common commercial products, and all the operations are conventional in the field unless otherwise specified.
The above-described preferred conditions may be combined with each other to obtain a specific embodiment, in accordance with common knowledge in the art.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the foam extinguishing agent prepared by skillfully mixing and matching the multiple components is easy to degrade, environment-friendly, pollution-free, non-toxic and pollution-free, and good in safety performance. Wherein the nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant with the carbon fluorine chain length of not more than 6 carbons does not produce PFOS, is easy to degrade and has no bioaccumulation.
The foam extinguishing agent provided by the invention has excellent and stable performance, high extinguishing efficiency and high speed while meeting the requirement of environmental protection. The surfactant selected by the invention can greatly reduce the surface tension of the foam liquid, and can be quickly spread on the surface of the hydrocarbon liquid to isolate oxygen; the temperature sensitive high polymer can generate gel-like substances through phase change, so that the detention time of water is prolonged, the cooling is rapidly carried out, and the water utilization rate and the fire extinguishing effect are effectively improved.
In addition, the foam extinguishing agent has simple preparation method, stable and convenient production process and is beneficial to industrial production.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the mass curves of 6 fire extinguishing agent samples at different temperatures in Experimental example 1.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention may be more clearly understood, a solution of the present invention will be further described below. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those described herein; it is to be understood that the embodiments described in this specification are only some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples. It is to be understood that the following examples are given for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and alterations of this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention.
The experimental procedures used in the following examples are all conventional procedures unless otherwise specified.
Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
Adding 70kg of C into a 2-ton reaction kettle6F13CH2CH2S(CH2CH2O)3H. 100kg of APG0810 and 50kg of cocamidopropyl betaine, then 720kg of deionized water is added, a heating device is started, the heating temperature is set to 55 ℃, dissolution is accelerated, a stirrer is started, full stirring and pre-dissolution are carried out, heating is stopped, and cooling is carried out to room temperature; then adding 10kg of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, fully stirring and uniformly mixing; then 10kg of xanthan gum, 5kg of benzotriazole, 30kg of triethanolamine phosphate and 5kg of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate are added in sequence, the mixture is fully stirred and uniformly mixed, and then passes through a bag type filtering device, the filter membrane is 1250 meshes, and the particle size of the filtered foam extinguishing agent is about 10 mu m. Thus, sample 1 was obtained.
Comparative example 1
The foam fire extinguishing agent of the comparative example is different from the foam fire extinguishing agent of the example 1 in that the nonionic short carbon chain fluorocarbon surfactant C is not added in the comparative example6F13CH2CH2S(CH2CH2O)3H, this comparative example yielded sample 2.
Comparative example 2
The foam fire extinguishing agent of this comparative example was compared with example 1 except that no APG0810 was added to this comparative example, and this comparative example yielded sample 3.
Comparative example 3
The foam fire extinguishing agent of this comparative example is different from that of example 1 in that hydroxypropyl methylcellulose was not added in this comparative example, and this comparative example gives sample 4.
Comparative example 4
The foam fire extinguishing agent of this comparative example is different from example 1 in that no cocamidopropyl betaine is added to this comparative example, which results in sample 5.
Experimental example 1
1. Experimental Material
Example 1 and comparative examples 1, 2, 3, and 4, and a brand 6% foam fire extinguishing agent sample 6, which is conventionally used.
2. Experimental methods and conclusions
2.1 comparison of fire extinguishing Effect
According to the fire extinguishing agent fire extinguishing test specified in 5.10.5.2 strong discharge fire extinguishing test in the national standard GB 15308-2006 foam fire extinguishing agent, the fire extinguishing performance of the above 6 fire extinguishing agent samples is shown in the following table 1.
Table 1: effective extinguishing time of 6 extinguishing agent samples
Sample (I) | Sample 1 | Sample 2 | Sample 3 | Sample No. 4 | Sample No. 5 | Sample No. 6 |
Time of fire(s) | 91 | Cannot be extinguished within 180s | 122 | 119 | 113 | 135 |
As can be seen from table 1, the fire extinguishing effect of sample 1 is the best, the fluorocarbon surfactant is the most critical factor for determining the fire extinguishing effect of the fire extinguishing agent, and the alkyl glycoside, the betaine, and the temperature sensitive high polymer are the main factors that synergistically affect the fire extinguishing effect of the fire extinguishing agent.
2.2 comparison of burn resistance
The time at which 25% of the fuel area is ignited, i.e. the 25% burn time, is recorded according to the fire-extinguishing agent burn resistance test specified in the national standard GB15308-2005 foam FIRE, No. 5.10.5.2. The 25% burn time control ratio of the above seven fire extinguishing agents is shown in table 2 below.
Table 2: effective anti-burning time of 6 fire extinguishing agent samples
Sample (I) | Sample 1 | Sample 2 | Sample 3 | Sample No. 4 | Sample No. 5 | Sample No. 6 |
Burn time (min) | 12 | Failure of | 10 | 11 | 11 | 8 |
As can be seen from Table 2, the fluorocarbon surfactant is a key component in determining the ability of the fire extinguishing agent to prevent afterburning.
2.3 comparison of high temperature Evaporation
Preparing 6 fire extinguishing agent samples into diluent with the mass fraction of 6%, and respectively weighing 100g for later use; the 6 dilutions were heated to 20 ℃, 40 ℃, 60 ℃, 80 ℃, 100 ℃ and each temperature was kept for 20 minutes and the remaining mass of the fire-extinguishing solution was measured.
The mass change of the fire extinguishing fluid after being heated for 20min at different temperatures is shown in Table 3.
Table 3: statistical table of fire extinguishing agent quality after heating for 20min at different temperatures
Sample (I) | Initial mass | 20℃ | 40℃ | 60 |
80 |
100℃ |
Sample 1 | 100.09g | 99.85g | 98.64g | 96.40g | 93.37g | 89.48g |
Sample 2 | 100.06g | 99.73g | 98.47g | 96.18g | 91.69 | 85.26g |
Sample 3 | 100.07g | 99.45g | 98.31g | 95.49g | 89.56 | 79.35g |
Sample No. 4 | 100.01g | 99.31g | 98.19g | 95.07g | 87.23 | 68.87g |
Sample No. 5 | 100.03g | 99.53g | 98.39g | 95.96g | 90.57 | 83.13g |
Sample No. 6 | 100.00g | 99.33g | 98.28g | 95.15g | 88.15g | 69.49g |
As shown in FIG. 1, when the heating temperature was 20 deg.C, 40 deg.C and 60 deg.C, no gel was generated in any of the 6 fire extinguishing agent samples, the evaporation rates were not greatly different, and the sample added with the temperature sensitive high polymer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose began to undergo phase transition to form a partial gel, the evaporation rate of sample 1 was 0.152g/min at minimum, while the sample without the addition of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and the certain fire extinguishing agent sample 6 did not generate a gel, and the evaporation rate of sample 4 was 0.355g/min at maximum. The evaporation rate of sample 1 was 0.195g/min and that of sample 6 was 0.933g/min, which is 4.78 times that of sample 1, at 100 ℃. It is evident that the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose gel acts to significantly reduce the rate of evaporation of the fire suppressant in high temperature environments.
The foregoing are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, which enable those skilled in the art to understand or practice the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. The efficient environment-friendly foam extinguishing agent is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 5-10% of short-carbon-chain nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant, 1-5% of temperature-sensitive high polymer, 10-20% of alkyl glycoside, 5-10% of betaine, 1-5% of foam stabilizer, 0.5-1% of corrosion inhibitor, 1-5% of antifreeze agent, 0.1-2% of pH buffer and the balance of deionized water.
2. The foam fire extinguishing agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the short carbon chain nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant is selected from one or more compounds having the following molecular formula:
CF3(CF2)nCH2O(CH2CH2O)mH,n=1~5,m=2~4;
CF3CHFCF2CH2O(CH(CH3)CH2O)(CH2CH2O)nH,n=2~4;
CnF2n+1CONH(CH2CH2O)mH,n≤6,m=2~4;
C6F13CH2CH2S(CH2CH2O)3H。
3. the foam fire extinguishing agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature sensitive polymer is selected from one or more of polyacrylamide and its derivatives, chitosan and its derivatives, cellulose and its derivatives.
4. The foam fire extinguishing agent as claimed in claim 3, wherein the temperature sensitive polymer is one or more of poly N-isopropylacrylamide, acetylated chitosan, methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose.
5. The foam fire extinguishing agent as recited in claim 1, wherein the alkyl glycoside is an alkyl glycoside having an alkyl group R ranging from C8 to C16.
6. The foam fire extinguishing agent as claimed in claim 5, wherein the alkyl glycoside is selected from one or more of APG0810, APG1214, APG0814, APG0816 and APG 1216.
7. The foam fire extinguishing agent as recited in claim 1, wherein the betaine is selected from one or more of dodecyl dimethyl betaine, tetradecyl dimethyl betaine, octadecyl dimethyl betaine, dodecyl dihydroxyethyl betaine, octadecyl dihydroxyethyl betaine, lauramidopropyl betaine, cocamidopropyl betaine, octadecamidopropyl betaine, dodecyl sulfopropyl betaine, tetradecyl sulfopropyl betaine, octadecyl sulfopropyl betaine, and dodecyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine.
8. The foam fire extinguishing agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the foam stabilizer is xanthan gum, and/or the corrosion inhibitor is benzotriazole, and/or the antifreeze agent is triethanolamine phosphate, and/or the pH buffer is disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate.
9. The preparation method of the foam fire extinguishing agent of any one of claims 1 to 8, which is characterized in that deionized water, the short carbon chain nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant, alkyl glycoside and betaine are added into a reaction kettle and stirred uniformly, then the temperature sensitive polymer, the foam stabilizer, the corrosion inhibitor, the antifreeze agent and the pH buffering agent are added into the reaction kettle in sequence, stirred uniformly and filtered to obtain the product.
10. The preparation method of claim 9, wherein the deionized water, the short carbon chain nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant, the alkyl glycoside and the betaine are added into a reaction kettle and stirred and mixed uniformly at the temperature of 40-50 ℃.
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CN106621163A (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2017-05-10 | 安徽新盾消防设备有限公司 | Ultra-low temperature foam fire extinguishing agent |
CN107497091A (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2017-12-22 | 浙江睦田消防科技开发有限公司 | Aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent based on C4 twin type fluorine surfactants |
CN111054013A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-04-24 | 江苏锁龙消防科技股份有限公司 | Anti-solubility aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof |
KR20200093386A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2020-08-05 | 전남대학교산학협력단 | Eco-friendly surfactant foam extinguishing agent composition |
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- 2021-03-29 CN CN202110333029.1A patent/CN113101589A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN106621163A (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2017-05-10 | 安徽新盾消防设备有限公司 | Ultra-low temperature foam fire extinguishing agent |
CN107497091A (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2017-12-22 | 浙江睦田消防科技开发有限公司 | Aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent based on C4 twin type fluorine surfactants |
KR20200093386A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2020-08-05 | 전남대학교산학협력단 | Eco-friendly surfactant foam extinguishing agent composition |
CN111054013A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-04-24 | 江苏锁龙消防科技股份有限公司 | Anti-solubility aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof |
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