CN113099988A - Shrimp, rice and lotus root combined ecological planting and breeding method - Google Patents
Shrimp, rice and lotus root combined ecological planting and breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
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- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a combined ecological planting and breeding method of shrimps, rice and lotus roots, which comprises the following steps of (1) applying a base fertilizer, wherein a wormcast organic fertilizer and a pig and cowshed manure stable manure are used as the base fertilizer; (2) digging a shrimp ditch before planting the lotus roots, controlling the height of the water level from the top of the shrimp ditch to the water surface, and planting the lotus roots; when the main lotus roots of the lotus roots enter the early maturing stage, the water level is increased, and late rice is interplanted; after late rice is transplanted for 7-10 days, putting shrimp seedlings; (3) in the lotus root seedling stage, top application is carried out for the first time, and wormcast organic fertilizer and urea are applied in a combined manner; when 5-6 leaves grow out from lotus roots and lotus leaves, performing secondary topdressing, and applying wormcast organic fertilizer and potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer in a combined manner; in the mature period of the lotus roots, topdressing for the third time, and applying wormcast organic fertilizer and urea in a combined manner; (4) feeding the palatable granulated feed which is obtained by earthworm composite fermentation to the shrimp ditches in different points; the invention ensures the soil structure, nutrients and water quality of the interplanting field through more scientific and reasonable fertilizer application, realizes stable high yield of rice-coupled interplanting and improves the survival rate and yield of shrimp culture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting and breeding, in particular to a shrimp, rice and lotus root combined ecological breeding method.
Background
Lotus roots belong to the aquatic plants with pleasure, a certain water level needs to be controlled in the whole growth period, and a large amount of fertilizer is usually needed in the planting process. At present, in order to realize higher utilization rate of land, a production technology of rice coupling and interplanting gradually appears, but in the existing actual production, in order to ensure the high yield of rice and lotus coupling, the problems of unreasonable fertilizer application, excessive fertilizer application, soil hardening, water environment reduction and the like often exist, the service life cycle of a rice coupling interplanting field is greatly influenced, so that the yield of crops in the next round is obviously reduced, and the stable high yield of the rice coupling and interplanting is difficult to effectively ensure. If soil loosening is frequently carried out, the problems of greatly shortened joint spacing, rough and hard skin and meat, reduced quality and the like of lotus root planting are easily caused. Therefore, a planting and breeding mode combining aquatic animals such as shrimps, crabs and the like and rice and lotus roots is provided at present, but the efficient popularization is still difficult to realize due to unreasonable feeding of shrimp baits and the influence of growth of fertilizers on the shrimps. Therefore, a new shrimp, rice and lotus root combined ecological planting and breeding method is found to realize more scientific and reasonable fertilizer application, guarantee the soil structure, nutrients and water quality of the interplanting field, be beneficial to guarantee the growth of lotus roots, realize the stable high yield of rice coupled interplanting, improve the shrimp breeding yield and promote the wide application of shrimp, rice and lotus root combined planting and breeding technology.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a shrimp, rice and lotus root combined ecological planting and breeding method.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention provides a shrimp, rice and lotus root combined ecological planting and breeding method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) field treatment: selecting field blocks, applying a base fertilizer, and adopting a wormcast organic fertilizer and a pig and cattle pen manure stable manure as base fertilizers, wherein the fertilizer application amount is 1550-1680 kg/mu;
(2) breeding lotus roots, rice and shrimps: before planting lotus roots, digging shrimp ditches downwards from the bottom of a field in a shape like a Chinese character 'mi', wherein the width of each ditch is 1.5-1.8 m, and the depth of each ditch is 0.8-1.0 m; injecting water into the field, wherein the water level from the top of the shrimp ditch to the water surface is 16-20 cm, and planting lotus roots; when the main lotus roots of the lotus roots enter the early maturing stage, raising the water level of the bottom of the field to 35-45 cm, and interplanting late rice; after late rice is transplanted for 7-10 days, putting shrimp seedlings into the shrimp ditches, wherein the putting amount is 2.8-3.0 ten thousand tails per mu;
(3) fertilization management:
after the water level of a field block is reduced by 5-8 cm in the seedling stage of the lotus roots, performing primary topdressing, applying earthworm manure organic fertilizer and urea in a combined manner, wherein the application amount is 85-92 kg/mu and 48-63 kg/mu respectively, and recovering the shallow water level by 16-20 cm after applying fertilizer for 3-5 days;
when 5-6 leaves grow out from lotus roots and lotus leaves, carrying out secondary topdressing, and applying the wormcast organic fertilizer and the potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer in a combined manner, wherein the fertilizing amount is 100-115 kg/mu and 70-85 kg/mu respectively;
in the mature period of the lotus roots, performing additional fertilization for the third time, and applying earthworm manure organic fertilizer and urea in a combined manner, wherein the fertilization amount is 210-238 kg/mu and 22-35 kg/mu respectively;
(4) and (3) bait feeding management: feeding baits to the shrimp ditches at different points, wherein the baits are palatable granular feeds which are fermented by earthworm in a composite mode; the feeding amount is 4-5% of the weight of the shrimps, and the feeding is carried out for 1-2 times every day.
Further, the wormcast organic fertilizer comprises, by weight, 30-40 parts of wormcast, 15-20 parts of compost plant straws, 5-8 parts of fermented duckweed residues, 13-16 parts of fermented tea residues, 10-12 parts of fermented vegetable cakes, 3-6 parts of calcium superphosphate, 2-5 parts of potassium chloride, 0.2-0.5 part of ammonium molybdate, 0.2-0.5 part of zinc sulfate and 4-6 parts of humic acid. According to the invention, the wormcast organic fertilizer is self-prepared, and the wormcast is combined with the compost plant straw, the fermented duckweed residue, the fermented tea residue and the fermented vegetable cake, so that the soil structure and the nutrients are improved, the survival rate of shrimp seedlings is improved, the growth of shrimps is promoted, and the shrimp culture yield is increased.
Further, the wormcast organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing the raw material components and then performing self-fermentation at 38-40 ℃, and the fermentation time is 36-40 hours.
Further, the mass ratio of the wormcast organic fertilizer to the pig and cattle pen manure is as follows: (1-5): (7-9).
Further, the palatable granulated feed for earthworm composite fermentation comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18-20 parts of fish meal, 11-13 parts of earthworm powder, 3-5 parts of snail powder, 8-10 parts of soybean meal, 1-3 parts of corn grit and 0.1-0.3 part of soybean lecithin.
Further, the preparation method of the palatable granulated feed for earthworm composite fermentation comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing fish meal, earthworm powder, snail meat powder, bean pulp, corn grit and soybean lecithin in proportion to serve as a mixed fermentation substrate, grinding and sieving with a 100-120-mesh sieve;
(2) adding thermophilic bacillus into the mixed fermentation substrate, wherein the adding amount is 0.3-0.5g per kg of mixed fermentation substrate, fermenting at the high temperature of 60-65 ℃ for 18-20 h, feeding the mixture into a granulator, drying and granulating to obtain the palatable granulated feed for earthworm composite fermentation.
Further, before the shrimp seeds are put in, diatomite is evenly put in the field bottom and the shrimp ditch bottom, and the input amount is 270 kg/mu, which is beneficial to the growth of the shrimp seeds.
Further, 3.0-6.5 kg/mu of microbial agent is added during the third topdressing.
Further, when the bait is fed into the shrimp ditch, the dissolved oxygen of the water body is more than or equal to 6.5 mg/L.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the method, a mode of heavy base fertilizer application and light top dressing is adopted, and the combination of the wormcast organic fertilizer and the pig and cattle pen manure is adopted as the base fertilizer for jointly planting the shrimps, the rice and the lotus roots, so that not only can the soil structure of rice and lotus roots co-culture be improved and effective nutrient substances are provided for the growth of the rice and lotus roots, but also the wormcast organic fertilizer can better adapt to the growth of the shrimp seedlings, and the survival rate of the shrimp seedlings is improved.
(2) According to the invention, the 'rice' -shaped shrimp ditches and the palatable granular feed obtained by earthworm compound fermentation are used as feeding baits, so that the shrimp ditches are uniformly distributed in a field, the soil is properly loosened by using shrimps at the tops of the shrimp ditches, the lotus root is better promoted to grow in an extending manner, the rice is favorably planted, meanwhile, certain fertilization management is combined, the soil is effectively prevented from being excessively loosened or hardened, and good soil conditions are provided for crops in next round; moreover, the feeding is convenient, the feeding is carried out by points, the stability of water quality and the maintenance of soil nutrients are better ensured, and the balanced planting and breeding of shrimps, rice and lotus roots are realized.
(3) The method applies a proper amount of fertilizer in due time, applies the combination of wormcast organic fertilizer, urea and potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer, and performs topdressing for 3 times according to different periods of the lotus roots, thereby realizing stable high yield of rice coupling interplanting, improving the growth quality of the lotus roots and the shrimp culture yield, and being beneficial to prolonging the service life cycle of the rice coupling interplanting field.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a shrimp, rice and lotus root combined ecological planting and breeding field according to an embodiment of the invention;
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the invention, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the invention.
The experimental methods used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The materials, reagents and the like used in the examples of the present invention can be obtained commercially without specific description.
Embodiment 1-shrimp, rice, lotus root make up the ecological planting and breeding method, including the following step:
(1) and (3) field treatment: selecting field blocks with sufficient water source, good water quality and convenient drainage, applying a base fertilizer, and adopting wormcast organic fertilizer and pig and cattle pen manure stable manure as the base fertilizer, wherein the fertilizing amount is 1550 kg/mu; the mass ratio of the wormcast organic fertilizer to the pig cowstall manure is as follows: 1: 7;
(2) breeding lotus roots, rice and shrimps: before planting lotus roots, digging shrimp ditches downwards from the bottom of a field in a shape like a Chinese character 'mi', wherein the width of each ditch is 1.5m, and the depth of each ditch is 0.8 m; injecting water into the field, wherein the height of the water level from the top of the shrimp ditch to the water surface is 16cm, and planting lotus roots; when the main lotus roots of the lotus roots enter the early maturing stage, raising the water level of the bottom of the field to 35cm, and interplanting late rice; after late rice is transplanted for 7 days, putting shrimp seedlings into the shrimp ditches, wherein the putting amount is 2.8 ten thousand tails per mu;
(3) fertilization management:
after the water level of a field block is reduced by 5cm in the seedling stage of the lotus roots, performing first additional fertilization, applying earthworm manure organic fertilizer and urea in a combined manner, wherein the fertilization amount is 85 kg/mu and 48 kg/mu respectively, and recovering the shallow water level by 16cm after applying fertilizer for 3 days;
when 5 leaves grow out from lotus roots and lotus leaves, carrying out secondary topdressing, and applying the wormcast organic fertilizer and the potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer in a combined manner, wherein the fertilizing amount is 100 kg/mu and 70 kg/mu respectively;
in the mature period of the lotus roots, carrying out third-time additional fertilization, and applying the wormcast organic fertilizer and the urea in a combined manner, wherein the fertilization amount is 210 kg/mu and 22 kg/mu respectively;
(4) and (3) bait feeding management: feeding baits to the shrimp ditches at different points, wherein the baits are palatable granular feeds which are fermented by earthworm in a composite mode; the feeding amount is 4% of the shrimp weight, and the feeding is carried out for 2 times every day.
Embodiment 2-shrimp, rice, lotus root make up the ecological planting and breeding method, including the following step:
(1) and (3) field treatment: selecting field blocks with sufficient water source, good water quality and convenient drainage, applying a base fertilizer, and taking wormcast organic fertilizer and pig and cattle pen manure stable manure as the base fertilizer, wherein the fertilizing amount is 1680 kg/mu; the mass ratio of the wormcast organic fertilizer to the pig cowstall manure is as follows: 5: 9;
(2) breeding lotus roots, rice and shrimps: before planting lotus roots, digging shrimp ditches downwards from the bottom of a field in a shape like a Chinese character 'mi', wherein the width of each ditch is 1.8m, and the depth of each ditch is 1.0 m; injecting water into the field, wherein the height of the water level from the top of the shrimp ditch to the water surface is 20cm, and planting lotus roots; when the main lotus roots of the lotus roots enter the early maturing stage, raising the water level of the bottom of the field to 45cm, and interplanting late rice; after the late rice is transplanted for 10 days, putting the shrimp seedlings into the shrimp ditches, wherein the putting amount is 3.0 ten thousand tails/mu;
(3) fertilization management:
in the lotus root seedling stage, after the water level of a field block is reduced by 8cm, carrying out first additional fertilization, applying a wormcast organic fertilizer and urea in a combined manner, wherein the fertilization amount is 92 kg/mu and 63 kg/mu respectively, and recovering the shallow water level to be 20cm after applying fertilizer for 5 days;
when 6 leaves grow out from lotus roots and lotus leaves, carrying out secondary topdressing, and applying wormcast organic fertilizer and potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer in a combined manner, wherein the fertilizing amount is 115 kg/mu and 85 kg/mu respectively;
in the mature period of the lotus roots, carrying out third-time additional fertilization, and applying earthworm manure organic fertilizer and urea in a combined manner, wherein the fertilization amount is 238 kg/mu and 35 kg/mu respectively;
(4) and (3) bait feeding management: feeding baits to the shrimp ditches at different points, wherein the baits are palatable granular feeds which are fermented by earthworm in a composite mode; the feeding amount is 5 percent of the weight of the shrimps, the feeding is carried out for 2 times every day, and the dissolved oxygen of the water body is controlled to be more than or equal to 6.5mg/L when the baits are fed into the shrimp ditch.
Embodiment 3-shrimp, rice, lotus root make up the ecological planting and breeding method, including the following step:
(1) and (3) field treatment: selecting field blocks with sufficient water source, good water quality and convenient drainage, applying a base fertilizer, and adopting wormcast organic fertilizer and pig and cattle pen manure stable manure as base fertilizers, wherein the fertilizing amount is 1630 kg/mu; the mass ratio of the wormcast organic fertilizer to the pig cowstall manure is as follows: 3: 8;
(2) breeding lotus roots, rice and shrimps: before planting lotus roots, digging shrimp ditches downwards from the bottom of a field in a shape like a Chinese character 'mi', wherein the width of each ditch is 1.6m, and the depth of each ditch is 0.9 m; injecting water into the field, wherein the height of the water level from the top of the shrimp ditch to the water surface is 16cm, and planting lotus roots; when the main lotus roots of the lotus roots enter the early maturing stage, raising the water level of the bottom of the field to 40cm, and interplanting late rice; after the late rice is transplanted for 8 days, putting the shrimp seedlings into the shrimp ditches, wherein the putting amount is 2.9 ten thousand tails per mu;
(3) fertilization management:
after the water level of a field block is reduced by 6cm in the seedling stage of the lotus roots, performing first additional fertilization, applying earthworm manure organic fertilizer and urea in a combined manner, wherein the fertilization amount is 89 kg/mu and 55 kg/mu respectively, and recovering the shallow water level by 16cm after applying fertilizer for 4 days;
when 5 leaves grow out from lotus roots and lotus leaves, carrying out secondary topdressing, and applying wormcast organic fertilizer and potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer in a combined manner, wherein the fertilizing amount is 110 kg/mu and 78 kg/mu respectively;
in the mature period of the lotus roots, carrying out third-time additional fertilization, and applying wormcast organic fertilizer and urea in a combined manner, wherein the fertilization amount is 224 kg/mu and 28 kg/mu respectively;
(4) and (3) bait feeding management: feeding baits to the shrimp ditches at different points, wherein the baits are palatable granular feeds which are fermented by earthworm in a composite mode; the feeding amount is 5 percent of the weight of the shrimps, the feeding is carried out for 2 times every day, and the dissolved oxygen of the water body is controlled to be more than or equal to 6.5mg/L when the baits are fed into the shrimp ditch.
Wherein, the shrimp cultured in the above embodiments 1-3 is Penaeus vannamei Boone, and the wormcast organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of wormcast, 16 parts of compost plant straw, 7 parts of fermented duckweed residue, 15 parts of fermented tea residue, 11 parts of fermented vegetable cake, 4 parts of calcium superphosphate, 3 parts of potassium chloride, 0.4 part of ammonium molybdate, 0.3 part of zinc sulfate and 5 parts of humic acid are mixed and then are fermented at 39 ℃ for 38 hours.
The formulation of the earthworm composite fermented palatable pellet feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 19 parts of fish meal, 12 parts of earthworm powder, 4 parts of snail meat powder, 9 parts of bean pulp, 2 parts of corn grit and 0.2 part of soybean lecithin are mixed to be used as a mixed fermentation substrate; grinding, sieving with 120 mesh sieve, adding Bacillus thermophilus (content is more than or equal to 200 hundred million/g), adding 0.4g per kg of mixed fermentation base material, fermenting at 63 deg.C for 19 hr, feeding into granulator, oven drying, and granulating to obtain palatable granular feed for earthworm composite fermentation.
Example 4-shrimp, rice, lotus root combination ecological planting and breeding method, the difference between this example and example 3 lies in: before putting the shrimp larvae, uniformly putting diatomite at the bottom of the field and the bottom of the shrimp ditch, wherein the input amount is 270 kg/mu.
Example 5-shrimp, rice, lotus root combination ecological planting and breeding method, the difference of this example and example 3 lies in: after the third topdressing is finished, the bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum (the content is more than or equal to 200 hundred million/g) is applied, and the application amount is 4.5 kg/mu.
Comparative example 1-shrimp, rice, lotus root combination ecological breeding method, the difference of this comparative example and example 3 lies in: only adopting pig and cattle pen manure as base fertilizer, wherein the fertilizing amount is 1630 kg/mu; in addition, in the process of topdressing, earthworm cast organic fertilizer is not adopted.
Comparative example 2-shrimp, rice, lotus root combination ecological breeding method, the difference of this comparative example and example 3 lies in: the mass ratio is as follows: 3: 8 taking earthworm cast and pig and cowshed cast manure as base fertilizers, wherein the fertilizing amount is 1630 kg/mu; and in the process of topdressing, single wormcast is adopted to replace wormcast organic fertilizer.
Comparative example 3-shrimp, rice, lotus root combination ecological planting and breeding method, the difference of this comparative example and example 3 lies in: the shrimp ditch is not arranged, the shrimps are directly put into the field, and the conventional compound feed (Zhongxin feed) for the penaeus vannamei is adopted to replace the palatable pellet feed obtained by earthworm compound fermentation.
According to the shrimp, rice and lotus root combined ecological breeding method of the embodiments 1-5 and the comparative examples 1-3, two times of interplanting experiments are carried out, and the breeding effects of the shrimp, rice and lotus root are compared as follows:
the results in the table show that the yield of the shrimps, the rice and the lotus roots is high, the survival rate of the shrimp seedlings is high in the embodiments 1-5, and according to the results of two-time interplanting experiments, the differences of the breeding effects of the shrimps, the rice and the lotus roots are small, and the survival rate and the yield of the shrimps and the yield of crops are stable. As can be seen from comparative examples 1-3, the shrimp fry survival rate in comparative examples 1 and 2 is obviously reduced, the acre yield of lotus roots and rice is obviously reduced, the shrimp bait feeding is changed in comparative example 3, the shrimp fry survival rate and the yield are lower, the yield of lotus roots is also obviously reduced, and the fact that the fed shrimp bait components have great influence on the growth quality of lotus roots and the rice is inferior in the combined breeding process of shrimp, rice and lotus roots is shown. It can be seen from examples 4 and 5 that the present invention is advantageous to further promote the survival and growth of shrimp larvae by adding diatomaceous earth before shrimp larvae are added, and the yield of shrimp, rice and lotus root can be further improved by adding a certain amount of microbial inoculum during the third topdressing.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. A shrimp, rice and lotus root combined ecological planting and breeding method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) field treatment: selecting field blocks, applying a base fertilizer, and adopting a wormcast organic fertilizer and a pig and cattle pen manure stable manure as base fertilizers, wherein the fertilizer application amount is 1550-1680 kg/mu;
(2) breeding lotus roots, rice and shrimps: before planting lotus roots, digging shrimp ditches downwards from the bottom of a field in a shape like a Chinese character 'mi', wherein the width of each ditch is 1.5-1.8 m, and the depth of each ditch is 0.8-1.0 m; injecting water into the field, wherein the water level from the top of the shrimp ditch to the water surface is 16-20 cm, and planting lotus roots; when the main lotus roots of the lotus roots enter the early maturing stage, raising the water level of the bottom of the field to 35-45 cm, and interplanting late rice; after late rice is transplanted for 7-10 days, putting shrimp seedlings into the shrimp ditches, wherein the putting amount is 2.8-3.0 ten thousand tails per mu;
(3) fertilization management:
after the water level of a field block is reduced by 5-8 cm in the seedling stage of the lotus roots, performing primary topdressing, applying earthworm manure organic fertilizer and urea in a combined manner, wherein the application amount is 85-92 kg/mu and 48-63 kg/mu respectively, and recovering the shallow water level by 16-20 cm after applying fertilizer for 3-5 days;
when 5-6 leaves grow out from lotus roots and lotus leaves, carrying out secondary topdressing, and applying the wormcast organic fertilizer and the potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer in a combined manner, wherein the fertilizing amount is 100-115 kg/mu and 70-85 kg/mu respectively;
in the mature period of the lotus roots, performing additional fertilization for the third time, and applying earthworm manure organic fertilizer and urea in a combined manner, wherein the fertilization amount is 210-238 kg/mu and 22-35 kg/mu respectively;
(4) and (3) bait feeding management: feeding baits to the shrimp ditches at different points, wherein the baits are palatable granular feeds which are fermented by earthworm in a composite mode; the feeding amount is 4-5% of the weight of the shrimps, and the feeding is carried out for 1-2 times every day.
2. The combined ecological planting and breeding method for shrimps, rice and lotus roots according to claim 1, characterized in that: the wormcast organic fertilizer comprises, by weight, 30-40 parts of wormcast, 15-20 parts of compost plant straws, 5-8 parts of fermented duckweed residues, 13-16 parts of fermented tea residues, 10-12 parts of fermented vegetable cakes, 3-6 parts of calcium superphosphate, 2-5 parts of potassium chloride, 0.2-0.5 part of ammonium molybdate, 0.2-0.5 part of zinc sulfate and 4-6 parts of humic acid.
3. The combined ecological planting and breeding method for shrimps, rice and lotus roots according to claim 1, characterized in that: the wormcast organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing the raw material components and then performing self-fermentation at 38-40 ℃, wherein the fermentation time is 36-40 h.
4. The combined ecological planting and breeding method for shrimps, rice and lotus roots according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mass ratio of the wormcast organic fertilizer to the pig and cattle pen manure is as follows: (1-5): (7-9).
5. The combined ecological planting and breeding method for shrimps, rice and lotus roots according to claim 1, characterized in that: the palatable granulated feed for earthworm composite fermentation comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18-20 parts of fish meal, 11-13 parts of earthworm powder, 3-5 parts of snail powder, 8-10 parts of soybean meal, 1-3 parts of corn grit and 0.1-0.3 part of soybean lecithin.
6. The combined ecological planting and breeding method for shrimps, rice and lotus roots according to claim 1, characterized in that: the preparation method of the earthworm composite fermented palatable granulated feed comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing fish meal, earthworm powder, snail meat powder, bean pulp, corn grit and soybean lecithin in proportion to serve as a mixed fermentation substrate, grinding and sieving with a 100-120-mesh sieve;
(2) adding thermophilic bacillus into the mixed fermentation substrate, wherein the adding amount is 0.3-0.5g per kg of mixed fermentation substrate, fermenting at the high temperature of 60-65 ℃ for 18-20 h, feeding the mixture into a granulator, drying and granulating to obtain the palatable granulated feed for earthworm composite fermentation.
7. The combined ecological planting and breeding method for shrimps, rice and lotus roots according to claim 1, characterized in that: before putting the shrimp larvae, evenly putting diatomite at the bottom of the field and the bottom of the shrimp ditch, wherein the input amount is 270 kg/mu.
8. The combined ecological planting and breeding method for shrimps, rice and lotus roots according to claim 1, characterized in that: and 3.0-6.5 kg/mu of microbial agent is added during the third topdressing.
9. The combined ecological planting and breeding method for shrimps, rice and lotus roots according to claim 1, characterized in that: when bait is fed into the shrimp ditch, the dissolved oxygen of the water body is more than or equal to 6.5 mg/L.
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