CN113080340B

CN113080340B - Non-amino acid compound phagostimulant

Info

Publication number: CN113080340B
Application number: CN202110540388.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王纪亭; 房婷婷
Original assignee: Shandong Agricultural University
Current assignee: Qingdao Ruziniu Biotechnology Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-05-18
Filing date: 2021-05-18
Publication date: 2022-04-26
Anticipated expiration: 2041-05-18
Also published as: CN113080340A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fish feed phagostimulants, in particular to a non-amino acid compound phagostimulant. The invention provides a non-amino acid compound phagostimulant which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: DMPT 4-8 parts, dried orange peel 18-26 parts, and yeast 65-85 parts. The phagostimulant provided by the invention is low in cost and good in phagostimulant effect, can promote digestion and absorption of intestinal tracts, and has a certain promotion effect on the aspects of reducing intestinal tract injury and the like.

Description

Non-amino acid compound phagostimulant

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fish feed phagostimulants, in particular to a non-amino acid compound phagostimulant.

Background

The protein source in the aquatic feed mainly depends on fish meal and soybean meal, while the fish meal consumed by the aquaculture in China mainly comes from import, and the proportion of the self-produced fish meal is low, so that the current fish meal resource is in short supply, and the price is always high. Therefore, the search for the unconventional feed protein resource with low price and rich source has important significance for the sustainable development of aquaculture. However, due to palatability and biological potency of unconventional feed resources, their use in aquaculture is largely affected to some extent. And with the continuous improvement of the large-scale and intensive aquaculture degree of aquatic animals, the environmental pollution problem caused by the continuous improvement of the large-scale and intensive aquaculture environment is gradually attracted by people. The phagostimulant is used as a non-nutritive feed additive and has the effects of enhancing the appetite of aquatic animals, improving the palatability of the feed, improving the feed intake and the utilization efficiency of the feed, relieving water pollution, improving the culture benefit and the like.

The other names of the yellow river carps are 'carp', 'carp raisin' and 'yellow river golden wing carp'. The side of the body is flat, the abdomen is round, 2 pairs of the palate palpus, 3 rows of pharyngeal teeth and 34-38 scales. Is a middle and lower layer omnivorous fish. It is spread over large rivers and lakes all over the country. The scales of carps produced in yellow river are golden and flashing, the tips of the fins are bright red, the ridges are thick, the internal organs are few, the bones are small, and the scales are particularly well known to be bright in color, tender in meat quality and fragrant in smell.

Although the yellow river carp has delicious meat quality, the artificial feeding of the yellow river carp has a lot of difficulties, mainly manifested by slow growth, precocious puberty, weakened disease resistance, great changes in body shape and body color, selection of parent fish, improper use, non-strict and non-standard isolation measures, difficult feed selection, and difficult selection of feed for feeding the yellow river carp. In the background art of patent CN 201410173659.7, it is also described that "yellow river carp has not only specific requirements for feed, but also has corresponding requirements for feed intake". In the background art of patent CN 201410173652.5, it is also described that "yellow river carp with weight of 50-500 g is in a period of rapid growth from the growth stage of yellow river carp, and this is also a period of bad growth environment, such as high water temperature, unstable water dissolved oxygen, more susceptible pathogens, low immunity, etc. Therefore, the feed requirement of the yellow river carp with the weight of 50-500 g is particularly high. The nutrition requirement, scientific raw material preparation, feed processing and the like of the yellow river carps at this stage are very important for realizing the growth balance of the yellow river carps, improving the disease resistance, reducing the morbidity, reducing the feed coefficient and the like. Therefore, the feed property requirements of the cyprinus carpio are high, and the common aquatic feed is not suitable for the requirements of the cyprinus carpio on nutrient elements.

The phagostimulant is an important component in the feed, and the phagostimulant is added into the feed to feed the cultured fishes, so that the ingestion of the fishes can be effectively promoted, the food intake can be increased, and the utilization efficiency of the feed can be improved; the hobby of the fishes to the bait is promoted, the bait coefficient is reduced, the water pollution is reduced, the production period is shortened, and the fish culture efficiency is improved; the use of the phagostimulant can lead the fish to better utilize the raw materials of vegetable protein and the like which are not favorable for eating, is beneficial to the development of new feed resources and reduces the feed cost. The prior art discloses ingredients with food calling effect extracted from animals and plants. But also has a plurality of disadvantages, such as the normal food intake of animals, and low nutrition level and bait utilization rate. The single amino acid or the mixture thereof also becomes the food attractant additive for fish and shrimp, but the use of the amino acid or the mixture thereof is limited because the cost is not low and the price of the product is higher, so the food attractant with good food attractant effect and low cost becomes the problem to be solved and the research and development hotspot. The development of the non-amino acid compound phagostimulant aiming at the yellow river carp product can promote the development of aquaculture industry.

Therefore, the problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field needs to be solved in an urgent way how to provide the non-amino acid compound phagostimulant with good phagostimulant effect and low cost.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a non-amino acid compound phagostimulant which is low in cost and good in phagostimulant effect, can promote digestion and absorption of intestinal tracts, and has a certain promotion effect on the aspects of reducing intestinal tract injury and the like.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

the invention provides a non-amino acid compound phagostimulant which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: DMPT 4-8 parts, dried orange peel 18-26 parts, and yeast 65-85 parts.

Preferably, the addition proportion of the phagostimulant in the feed is 0.97-1.09%.

Preferably, the dried orange peel and the yeast are dried orange peel powder and yeast powder.

The invention also provides application of the non-amino acid compound phagostimulant in feed for the yellow river carps.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the invention relates to a formula of a non-amino acid compound phagostimulant for fishes, in particular to yellow river carps.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.

Figure 1 is a circular food calling device.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a non-amino acid compound phagostimulant which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: DMPT 4-8 parts, dried orange peel 18-26 parts and yeast 65-85 parts; preferably, the raw materials comprise 5-7 parts of DMPT, 20-24 parts of dried orange peel and 67-83 parts of yeast; further preferably 5.5-6.5 parts of DMPT, 21-23 parts of dried orange peel and 70-80 parts of yeast; more preferably DMPT6 parts, dried orange peel 22 parts, yeast 75 parts.

In the invention, the addition proportion of the phagostimulant in the feed is 0.97-1.09%; preferably 0.98-1.08%; further preferably 1.00-1.06%; more preferably 1.03%.

In the invention, the dried orange peel and the yeast are dried orange peel powder and yeast powder.

The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

The invention provides a non-amino acid compound phagostimulant which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: DMPT4 parts, dried orange peel powder 18 parts and yeast powder 65 parts; the adding proportion of the feed additive in the feed is 0.97%.

Example 2

The invention provides a non-amino acid compound phagostimulant which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: DMPT8 parts, dried orange peel powder 26 parts and yeast powder 85 parts; the adding proportion of the feed additive in the feed is 1.09%.

Example 3

The invention provides a non-amino acid compound phagostimulant which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: DMPT6 parts, dried orange peel powder 22 parts and yeast powder 75 parts; the adding proportion of the feed additive in the feed is 1.03 percent.

Example 4

The test takes the yellow river carp as a research object, screens out a plurality of composite phagostimulants through a single and composite maze phagostimulant test, then carries out a feeding test of the yellow river carp by using the screened composite phagostimulants, and screens out the optimal composite phagostimulant suitable for the yellow river carp according to comprehensive comparison of indexes such as growth, blood biochemistry, antioxidation, immunity, intestinal tissue morphology and the like.

Table 1 shows the selection of single food calling substance and the selection of concentration gradient (betaine, DMPT, TMAO, sodium glutamate, glucose, and yeast powder for test are all purchased from Solebao reagent company; garlic powder and dried orange peel powder with 100% purity are purchased from local Chinese medicine shop).

TABLE 1 selection and concentration gradient of single phagostimulants

(1) Preparing the phagostimulant ball: the prepared basic feed (the test basic feed comprises 17.2% of wheat flour, 22% of soybean meal, 18% of rapeseed meal, 17% of cottonseed meal, 17% of peanut meal, 5.56% of soybean oil, 2% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3% of 50% of choline chloride, 0.1% of vitamin premix, 0.1% of trace element premix, 0.3% of salt, 0.3% of 98% of L-crystalline lysine and 0.14% of 98% of L-crystalline methionine), the soybean meal is used as a main protein source, the soybean oil is used as a main fat source to prepare the feed, the various raw materials are screened, crushed, weighed and mixed, and then the mixture is air-dried under natural conditions, cooled in the shade, dried and stored in a ventilated place), the different concentrations of the different types of the phagostimulant substances are recorded in the table 1 to prepare the test feed, 5g of the test feed is weighed and wrapped into feed balls with gauze, and the cotton threads are the feed balls of the test group. The control group was 5g of basal diet without food calling substance added, and the same treatment was carried out.

(2) The test was carried out using a labyrinth fish tank, see fig. 1. The circular food calling device made of plastic materials is characterized in that the diameter of an integral large circular outer baffle is 110cm, the diameter of a middle small circular baffle is 55cm, the height of the middle small circular baffle is 30cm, a small circle is an extractable baffle, and a circular small hole with the diameter of 1mm is formed in the upper surface of the baffle. A, B, C, D the four areas are used for holding food attractant, and the middle of the outer wall of each area is provided with a water tap as a water inlet. The area E is a fish gathering area, and a positioner is arranged in the center of the area E and used for regulating and controlling the water level. The top of the food calling device is provided with a camera for collecting fish gathering data.

(3) Before the test, A, B, C, D and E are separated by a circular plate, and 30 yellow river carps which are healthy and have consistent specifications are randomly selected from a feeding fish tank and placed at the position E. And (3) after the yellow river carp adapts for 20min, putting the food calling ball prepared in the step (1) into an A, B, C, D area, removing the blocking net, starting to record the number of times that the yellow river carp swims into the fish collecting area after 3min, and recording for 5 min. After each test, the glass jar is thoroughly cleaned, the test fish is replaced, and the used test fish is put into the aquarium for temporary rearing to eliminate the influence of the used food calling substances. And randomly re-used in the case that all the tested fish were used. Each concentration was repeated 4 times.

The image monitoring is installed above the testing device, after the test is started, the tester leaves the test area, and the fish gathering conditions of different phagostimulants are observed in the monitoring image. And (4) taking the times of the test fish swimming into the test area and touching the feed balls within 5min as observed values of fish gathering effect and food calling effect, and comparing the observed values with the difference value of the observed values of the control group to judge the food calling effect of the food calling agent. The larger the difference is positive, the stronger the food calling performance is; the difference is negative, indicating an inhibitory effect. And simultaneously, performing inter-group difference analysis on the observed values of the control group and the treatment group to confirm whether the substance has a significant food calling effect. Table 2 reports the results of the single phagostimulant maze phagostimulation test.

TABLE 2 maze phagostimulant test results for single phagostimulant

(Note: different lowercase letters in the same row means significant difference (P0.05), the same applies hereinafter)

Table 2 only reports the optimal results of each phagostimulant, i.e. the concentration at which the most fish are collected. Other data are not written in the application file because the amount of data is too large.

Example 5

Through the results of the maze food calling test of the single food calling agent in example 4, 6 food calling substances (garlic powder, betaine, dried orange peel powder, sodium glutamate, DMPT and yeast powder) with good food calling effect are screened by using the fish collection number as an index. The 6 substances are combined into 20 composite phagostimulants according to 3 optional substances in 6, and the combination of all the composite phagostimulants is shown in the following table 3. The maze test method for the composite phagostimulant is the same as that of example 4, and the results are shown in Table 4. Wherein group 0 is data for the basal feed group.

TABLE 3 composite phagostimulant combinations

TABLE 4 maze food calling test results of composite food calling agent

Example 6

(1) The growth test was conducted by selecting three kinds of the composite phagostimulants with the best fish-gathering effect in example 4, namely a composite phagostimulant group III (0.06% DMPT + 0.22% tangerine peel powder + 0.75% yeast powder), a composite phagostimulant group IV (0.05% garlic powder + 0.06% DMPT + 0.75% yeast powder), and a composite phagostimulant group V (0.06% sodium glutamate + 0.22% tangerine peel powder + 0.36% betaine).

(2) The growth test was conducted on 5 treatment groups, group I was a fish meal group (positive control), group II was a fish meal-free group (negative control), group II was a basal feed added with compound phagostimulant 1 (0.06% DMPT + 0.22% tangerine peel powder + 0.75% yeast powder), compound phagostimulant 2 (0.05% garlic powder + 0.06% DMPT + 0.75% yeast powder), and compound phagostimulant 3 (0.07% sodium glutamate + 0.22% tangerine peel powder + 0.34% betaine) for groups III, IV, and V, respectively, to perform the application test of the compound phagostimulant. Four parallel aquariums are arranged in each group, and the aquariums are 20 aquariums in total, and 40 fish of the yellow river carp are placed in each aquarium. And measuring each index. The feed composition and nutritional ingredients of each experimental group are shown in table 11.

1) Growth indexes are as follows: the influence of the compound phagostimulant on the growth performance and the body index of the yellow river carp is shown in a table 5;

TABLE 5 influence of composite phagostimulant on growth performance and body index of Cyprinus carpio

2) Biochemical indexes of serum: the serum biochemical indexes of the feed added with different kinds of composite phagostimulants to the yellow river carp are shown in table 6.

TABLE 6 influence of composite phagostimulant on biochemical indexes of blood serum of Cyprinus carpio

The serum biochemical indexes of the feed added with different kinds of composite phagostimulants to the yellow river carp are shown in table 6. The albumin content of the negative control group was significantly higher than that of the other four groups (P < 0.05). The total Triglyceride (TG) content of group I was significantly higher than that of the other 4 groups (P < 0.05), the total triglyceride content was minimally reflected in the negative control group, and the total triglyceride content of groups III, IV and V was significantly lower than that of group I by 21.8%, 17.2% and 16.6%, respectively. ALT content in group I was significantly higher than that in the negative control group (P < 0.05). The differences among the groups are not obvious (P is more than 0.05) on the indexes of blood sugar, globulin, total cholesterol, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and the like.

3) The immune index is as follows:

serum: the serum immunity indexes of the feed added with different kinds of composite phagostimulants to the yellow river carp are shown in table 7. The results in table 7 show that the lysozyme content in group I was significantly higher than that in the other 4 groups (P < 0.05), there was no significant difference between groups III, IV and V (P > 0.05), and the highest values of lysozyme content in groups III, IV and V were found in group III, 11.6% higher than the negative control group, and only 9.6% lower than group I. The acid phosphatase content of the group I and the group III is not significantly different (P is more than 0.05), but the acid phosphatase content of the group III is 12.1 percent higher than that of the negative control group, and the group 2 is significantly different from the other group 3 (P is less than 0.05). There were no significant differences in the indices of alkaline phosphatase, complement C3 and immunoglobulin for each group (P > 0.05).

TABLE 7 influence of the addition of compound phagostimulant in feed on serum immunity index of Cyprinus carpio

Liver, gill: the indexes of the feed added with different composite phagostimulants on the liver tissue immunity of the yellow river carp are shown in table 8. As can be seen from the table, the lysozyme content in the liver tissues of each group is significantly different (P is less than 0.05), the lysozyme content in the group I is significantly higher than that in the other 4 groups (P is less than 0.05), and the lysozyme content in the groups III, IV and V is significantly different from that in the negative control group (P is less than 0.05), wherein the lysozyme content in the group III is 10.1 percent higher than that in the negative control group and 4.7 percent lower than that in the group I. The contents of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase are not obviously different among the groups (P is more than 0.05), but the content of the acid phosphatase in the group III is 13.3 percent higher than that of the negative control group and is 8.1 percent lower than that of the group I.

The indexes of the feed added with different composite phagostimulants on the gill tissue immunity of the yellow river carp are shown in table 8. According to the table, the lysozyme content in gill tissues of the cyprinus carpio is remarkably different (P is less than 0.05), the content of lysozyme in the groups III, IV and V is remarkably higher than that in the negative control group, wherein the content of lysozyme in the group III is 16.6 percent higher than that in the negative control group and is 9 percent lower than that in the group I. Acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase content were not significantly different between groups (P > 0.05), but acid phosphatase was 6.7% higher in group V than in the negative control group. Group III alkaline phosphatase was 7.7% higher than the negative control group.

TABLE 8 gill tissue immune index of different composite phagostimulants for Cyprinus carpio

4) The antioxidant index is as follows:

serum: the influence of adding different kinds of composite phagostimulants in the feed on the antioxidant index of the serum of the yellow river carp is shown in table 9. The SOD content of the III, IV and V groups is obviously higher than that of the negative control group by 19.7 percent, 15.0 percent and 15.9 percent (P is less than 0.05). There was also a significant difference in CAT levels between groups (P < 0.05), with groups III, IV and V all significantly higher than the negative control (P < 0.05). Significant differences (P < 0.05) exist among the groups III, IV and V and the negative control group on the index of the total antioxidant capacity, and the total antioxidant capacity of the group III is significantly higher than that of the negative control group by 15.9 percent (P < 0.05). The MDA content of group I is significantly lower than that of other four groups, and the MDA content of group III, IV and V is significantly lower than that of negative control group 21.4%, 17.2% and 19.1% (P < 0.05), respectively. There was no significant difference between groups in serum levels of GSH (P > 0.05). The results in table 9 show that the addition of different kinds of composite phagostimulants to the feed has significant influence on the serum index of the cyprinus carpio.

TABLE 9 influence of different kinds of compound phagostimulants added into feed on serum oxidation resistance index of Cyprinus carpio

Liver, gill:

the influence of adding different composite phagostimulants in the feed on the oxidation resistance indexes of the liver tissues of the yellow river carp is shown in a table 10. The SOD content in liver tissues of each group has significant difference (P is less than 0.05), and the SOD content in the groups III, IV and V is respectively significantly higher than that in the negative control group by 20.8 percent, 13.2 percent and 17.5 percent (P is less than 0.05). On the total antioxidant capacity, the group III is significantly higher than the negative control group by 14.5 percent (P is less than 0.05), and the groups IV and V have no significant difference (P is more than 0.05) with the negative control group. The content of GSH in the liver tissue in group I is significantly higher than that in the other four groups, and the content of the group III, IV and V is not significantly different from that in the negative control group, but is respectively 9.7%, 7.0% and 8.0% higher than that in the negative control group. The difference between the MDA content and the CAT content of each group in liver tissues is not significant (P is more than 0.05).

The influence of adding different composite phagostimulants in the feed on the oxidation resistance indexes of the gill tissues of the yellow river carps is shown in a table 10. The table shows that the content of SOD in each group of gill tissues is significantly different, the group I is significantly higher than the other 4 groups (P < 0.05), and the groups III, IV and V are significantly higher than the negative control groups by 17.3%, 15.0% and 15.8% (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in CAT, GSH, MDA content and total antioxidant capacity among the gill tissues (P > 0.05). However, the group III, IV and V added with the compound phagostimulant have higher CAT content and total oxidation resistance than the negative control group, and have lower MDA content than the negative control group. Table 10 influence of different kinds of composite phagostimulants added into feed on oxidation resistance indexes of liver and gill tissues of Cyprinus carpio

TABLE 11 feed compositions and nutritional ingredients

Note: vitamin A, 11000 IU/kg; vitamin D3, 2500 IU/kg; vitamin C, 1000 mg/kg; vitamin E, 75 mg/kg; vitamin K, 7 mg/kg; vitamin B1, 20 mg/kg; vitamin B2, 35 mg/kg; vitamin B6, 18 mg/kg; vitamin B12, 1 mg/kg; calcium pantothenate, 55 mg/kg; biotin, 2.0 mg/kg; folic acid, 10 mg/kg; iron, 20 mg/kg; copper, 5 mg/kg; manganese, 20 mg/kg; iodine, 0.4 mg/kg; magnesium, 0.8 mg/kg.

The addition of the compound phagostimulant in the daily ration can obviously improve the weight gain rate and the feed utilization rate of the cyprinus carpio and improve the specific growth rate of the cyprinus carpio; the addition of the compound phagostimulant obviously improves the lysozyme content and the SOD content of serum, liver and gill, enhances the total oxidation resistance of the fish body and improves the organism immunity of the cyprinus carpio; the test group added with the phagostimulant in the daily ration has obviously increased intestinal fold height and width, which shows that the composite phagostimulant can also promote the digestion and absorption of the intestinal tract and has certain promotion effect on the aspects of reducing intestinal injury and the like. Among the three groups of compound phagostimulants, the compound phagostimulant III (0.06% of DMPT, 0.22% of tangerine peel powder and 0.75% of yeast powder) has the best comprehensive effect, and is more suitable for being added into the daily ration of the cyprinus carpio.

Therefore, the compound phagostimulant is the novel phagostimulant formula of the yellow river carp, wherein the compound phagostimulant comprises 0.06% of DMPT, 0.22% of tangerine peel powder and 0.75% of yeast powder.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A non-amino acid compound phagostimulant for yellow river carps is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: DMPT6 parts, dried orange peel powder 22 parts and yeast powder 75 parts; the adding proportion of the feed additive in the feed is 1.03 percent.