CN113057067A - Cultivation method for shortening breeding period of apocarya grafting stock - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method for shortening a breeding period of a carya illinoensis grafting stock, which comprises the following specific steps: seed soaking, temperature increasing, early germination accelerating, container selection, matrix preparation, transplanting with soil without damaging roots and refined water and fertilizer management. The invention has the advantages that: the germination accelerating mode is more advanced, the germination accelerating time is earlier, the growing period is longer, the cultivation time is shorter, the qualified rate of the grafted stock is higher, and the quality of the nursery stock is better.

Description

Cultivation method for shortening breeding period of apocarya grafting stock

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of grafting cultivation of apocarya, in particular to a cultivation method for shortening the breeding period of an apocarya grafting stock.

Background

The existing cultivation method of the apocarya grafting stock comprises the following steps: (1) seed treatment: soaking intact seeds without diseases and insect pests in clear water for 7 days, changing water for 1 time every day, draining, and storing in sand. (2) And (3) sand bed germination acceleration: a sand bed germination accelerating mode is adopted, a sand bed is arranged on the ground which is good in drainage and flat in terrain, clean and wet river sand with the thickness of 15cm is padded in the sand bed, the disinfected seeds are uniformly scattered on the sand, the clean river sand with the thickness of 5cm is covered on the sand, and the sand is stored in the middle and last ten days of 2 months at a low temperature. (3) Sowing: and in the last ten days of 4 months to the last ten days of 5 months, dibbling the outcrop seeds into a seedling culture land, wherein the sowing depth is 3-4 cm, watering thoroughly after covering soil, covering a plastic small arched shed, and keeping the matrix wet. (4) Seedling stage management: after the seeds come out of the earth, the operations of fertilizer and water management, intertillage weeding and the like are timely made. After the seedlings come out of soil and leave, timely irrigating and applying fertilizer, applying urea 2 times between the middle and the last ten days of 5 months and the middle and the last ten days of 8 months, applying compound fertilizer 1 time, and applying 10-15 kg/time. The ground diameter of the stock in the first year is too small to meet the grafting requirement, water and fertilizer management needs to be enhanced continuously and cultivation is carried out for one year, and the grafting requirement can be met by about 70% of the middle and last ten days of 8 months in the second year.

Aiming at the prior art, the following technical problems are mainly needed to be improved:

(1) the stock cultivation period is too long.

(2) The stock quality is not high, the afforestation survival rate is low after the grafted seedling is bred, and the seedling recovering period is long.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the various problems, the invention provides a cultivation method for shortening the breeding period of a carya illinoensis grafting stock.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a cultivation method for shortening the breeding period of a carya illinoensis grafting stock comprises the following specific steps:

the method comprises the following steps: seed soaking

Harvesting Carya illinoensis seeds in 11 middle ten days of the year, selecting large, full and disease and pest-free seeds, soaking in clear water for 7 days, and changing water every two days;

step two: warming and accelerating germination

Preparing a square draining plastic basket, placing the square draining plastic basket into an artificial climate box, laying peat soil with the thickness of 20cm below the square draining plastic basket, laying the soaked seeds on a substrate at intervals of 1cm, laying peat soil with the thickness of 5cm above the seeds, and thoroughly watering to ensure that the substrate fully absorbs water; putting the seeds into an artificial climate box for accelerating germination, and after accelerating germination for 30-40 days, 80% of the seeds are unearthed and grow to 20cm, and the ground diameter is 2.0-3.0 mm;

step three: container selection and matrix formulation

Selecting a non-woven fabric container bag, taking decomposed organic fertilizer and peat soil as raw materials, and mixing the raw materials in a volume ratio of 7: 3 preparing a matrix, uniformly stirring, and filling the matrix into a container bag 2/3 for later use;

step four: transplanting without damaging roots with soil

Carefully taking out each seedling from the plastic basket with peat soil balls in the middle and last ten days of the next 1 month, transplanting the seedling into a container bag filled with partial substrates without damaging root systems, continuously filling the substrates to the position 5cm away from the upper edge of the container bag, and watering thoroughly; placing the transplanted seedlings in a greenhouse to ensure that the greenhouse is not ventilated and can keep warm;

step five: refined water and fertilizer management

Installing a micro-spraying facility in the greenhouse, starting to spray water once every 5-7 days for 2-6 months, and starting to spray water once every 3-4 days for 7-9 months, wherein the time duration of each time is 3-4 hours; applying 500ml of 0.8 percent urea solution to each seedling every 15 days for 3-6 months; in 7-9 months, 500ml of 1% compound fertilizer solution is applied to each seedling every 20 days; and in late 8 th month, the height of more than 80% of the seedlings reaches more than 60cm, the ground diameter reaches more than 0.8cm, and most of the stocks meet the grafting requirement.

Preferably, the parameters of the artificial climate box in the second step are set as follows: the full light source is used for 24 hours, the temperature is 35 ℃, the humidity is 99 percent, and 8 fluorescent lamps are used for full light irradiation.

Preferably, the non-woven fabric container bag in the third step has the caliber of 25-30cm and the height of 25-30 cm.

Preferably, the decomposed organic fertilizer in the third step is chicken manure, cow manure or sheep manure.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

(1) the germination accelerating mode is more advanced: the technology adopts a mode of temperature increase in an artificial climate box for accelerating germination, the temperature is increased by 15-20 ℃ compared with the germination accelerating temperature in the prior art, the germination of seeds can be promoted more quickly, the germination accelerating speed is higher, and the germination accelerating time is shorter.

(2) The germination accelerating time is earlier: the germination accelerating time of the technology is about 3 months earlier than that of the prior art in 11 late ten days.

(3) The growth period is longer: in the technology, the seedlings (more than 20 cm) are transplanted to the container bags in the middle and last ten days of 1 month, the seedlings (2-5cm) come out only in the last ten days of 5 months in the prior art, and the growth period of the seedlings in the technology is more than 3 months longer than that in the prior art.

(4) The cultivation time is shorter, and the grafting stock qualification rate is higher: the cultivation time of the technology is about 1 year, the prior art needs 2 years, and the 1 year time is shortened; the grafting stock qualification rate of the technology is improved by more than 10%.

(5) The quality of the nursery stock is better: the technology adopts a non-woven fabric light medium container bag mode to grow seedlings, the root systems of the seedlings are developed, the survival rate of afforestation is improved, the seedling reviving period is avoided, and the seedlings grow quickly; in the prior art, the seedling is cultivated in a field bare root mode, the fibrous root is less, the afforestation seedling revival period is as long as 1 to 2 years, and the growth is slow.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.

A cultivation method for shortening the breeding period of a carya illinoensis grafting stock comprises the following specific steps:

the method comprises the following steps: seed soaking

Harvesting Carya illinoensis seeds in 11 middle ten days of the year, selecting large, full and disease and pest-free seeds, soaking in clear water for 7 days, and changing water every two days;

step two: warming and accelerating germination

Preparing a square draining plastic basket, placing the square draining plastic basket into an artificial climate box, laying peat soil with the thickness of 20cm below the square draining plastic basket, laying the soaked seeds on a substrate at intervals of 1cm, laying peat soil with the thickness of 5cm above the seeds, and thoroughly watering to ensure that the substrate fully absorbs water; putting the seeds into an artificial climate box for accelerating germination, and after accelerating germination for 30-40 days, 80% of the seeds are unearthed and grow to 20cm, and the ground diameter is 2.0-3.0 mm;

step three: container selection and matrix formulation

Selecting a non-woven fabric container bag, taking decomposed organic fertilizer and peat soil as raw materials, and mixing the raw materials in a volume ratio of 7: 3 preparing a matrix, uniformly stirring, and filling the matrix into a container bag 2/3 for later use;

step four: transplanting without damaging roots with soil

Carefully taking out each seedling from the plastic basket with peat soil balls in the middle and last ten days of the next 1 month, transplanting the seedling into a container bag filled with partial substrates without damaging root systems, continuously filling the substrates to the position 5cm away from the upper edge of the container bag, and watering thoroughly; placing the transplanted seedlings in a greenhouse to ensure that the greenhouse is not ventilated and can keep warm;

step five: refined water and fertilizer management

Installing a micro-spraying facility in the greenhouse, starting to spray water once every 5-7 days for 2-6 months, and starting to spray water once every 3-4 days for 7-9 months, wherein the time duration of each time is 3-4 hours; applying 500ml of 0.8 percent urea solution to each seedling every 15 days for 3-6 months; in 7-9 months, 500ml of 1% compound fertilizer solution is applied to each seedling every 20 days; and in late 8 th month, the height of more than 80% of the seedlings reaches more than 60cm, the ground diameter reaches more than 0.8cm, and most of the stocks meet the grafting requirement.

The parameters of the artificial climate box in the second step are set as follows: the illumination time is 24 hours, the temperature is 35 ℃, the humidity is 99 percent, and 8 fluorescent lamps are adopted for full illumination.

The size of the non-woven fabric container bag in the third step is 25-30cm in caliber and 25-30cm in height.

The decomposed organic fertilizer in the third step is chicken manure, cow manure or sheep manure.

Alternative scheme: (1) warming and accelerating germination. Can realize temperature control equipment (such as a temperature-controllable greenhouse, the temperature in the greenhouse is adjusted to 30-35 ℃) for germination acceleration, and can realize the same early germination acceleration effect as the technology at the same time.

(2) Container materials and matrix formulations. The same effect of the technology can be realized by selecting a larger-size container bag and filling more substrates, but the seedling raising cost is increased.

The invention and its embodiments have been described above, without limitation, and the examples shown are only one of the embodiments of the invention. In summary, those skilled in the art should appreciate that embodiments and examples similar to those of the present invention can be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (4)

1. A cultivation method for shortening the breeding cycle of a carya illinoensis grafting stock is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:

the method comprises the following steps: seed soaking

Harvesting Carya illinoensis seeds in 11 middle ten days of the year, selecting large, full and disease and pest-free seeds, soaking in clear water for 7 days, and changing water every two days;

step two: warming and accelerating germination

Preparing a square draining plastic basket, placing the square draining plastic basket into an artificial climate box, laying peat soil with the thickness of 20cm below the square draining plastic basket, laying the soaked seeds on a substrate at intervals of 1cm, laying peat soil with the thickness of 5cm above the seeds, and thoroughly watering to ensure that the substrate fully absorbs water; putting the seeds into an artificial climate box for accelerating germination, and after accelerating germination for 30-40 days, 80% of the seeds are unearthed and grow to 20cm, and the ground diameter is 2.0-3.0 mm;

step three: container selection and matrix formulation

Selecting a non-woven fabric container bag, taking decomposed organic fertilizer and peat soil as raw materials, and mixing the raw materials in a volume ratio of 7: 3 preparing a matrix, uniformly stirring, and filling the matrix into a container bag 2/3 for later use;

step four: transplanting without damaging roots with soil

Carefully taking out each seedling from the plastic basket with peat soil balls in the middle and last ten days of the next 1 month, transplanting the seedling into a container bag filled with partial substrates without damaging root systems, continuously filling the substrates to the position 5cm away from the upper edge of the container bag, and watering thoroughly; placing the transplanted seedlings in a greenhouse to ensure that the greenhouse is not ventilated and can keep warm;

step five: refined water and fertilizer management

Installing a micro-spraying facility in the greenhouse, starting to spray water once every 5-7 days for 2-6 months, and starting to spray water once every 3-4 days for 7-9 months, wherein the time duration of each time is 3-4 hours; applying 500ml of 0.8 percent urea solution to each seedling every 15 days for 3-6 months; in 7-9 months, 500ml of 1% compound fertilizer solution is applied to each seedling every 20 days; and in late 8 th month, the height of more than 80% of the seedlings reaches more than 60cm, the ground diameter reaches more than 0.8cm, and most of the stocks meet the grafting requirement.

2. The cultivation method for shortening the breeding cycle of the carya illinoensis grafting rootstock according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the parameters of the artificial climate box in the second step are set as follows: the full light source is used for 24 hours, the temperature is 35 ℃, the humidity is 99 percent, and 8 fluorescent lamps are used for full light irradiation.

3. The cultivation method for shortening the breeding cycle of the carya illinoensis grafting rootstock according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the size of the non-woven fabric container bag in the third step is 25-30cm in caliber and 25-30cm in height.

4. The cultivation method for shortening the breeding cycle of the carya illinoensis grafting rootstock according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the decomposed organic fertilizer in the third step is chicken manure, cow manure or sheep manure.