CN113024349A - 一种3,3-二氟-1,5-己二烯类化合物及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

一种3,3-二氟-1,5-己二烯类化合物及其制备方法与应用 Download PDF

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CN113024349A
CN113024349A CN202110291336.8A CN202110291336A CN113024349A CN 113024349 A CN113024349 A CN 113024349A CN 202110291336 A CN202110291336 A CN 202110291336A CN 113024349 A CN113024349 A CN 113024349A
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朱川
冯超
孙萌萌
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种3,3‑二氟‑1,5‑己二烯类化合物及其制备方法与应用。在惰性气体氛围下,本发明通过将α‑三氟甲基苯乙烯、烯丙基三甲基硅烷、四丁基氟化铵以及溶剂依次加入到反应管中磁力搅拌均匀,得到混合物;将上述混合物在130℃油浴条件下磁力搅拌反应12小时,将反应混合物冷却至室温,从反应混合物中通过快速柱层析法分离得到3,3‑二氟‑1,5‑己二烯类化合物。该化合物可用于在合成含CF2有机骨架的前体化合物。本发明制备方法选择性高、经济环保、操作简单,所需原材料低廉易得,适于产业化应用。

Description

一种3,3-二氟-1,5-己二烯类化合物及其制备方法与应用
技术领域
本发明属于有机化学合成技术领域,尤其涉及一种3,3-二氟-1,5-己二烯类化合物及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
含氟有机化合物因其因其特殊的物理化学性能,在医药、农药和材料科学中被广泛的应用。在众多的含氟单元片段中,具有偕二氟亚甲基结构单元的分子具有非常好的生物活性,并且该片段单元已经出现在多种商品化的药物分子中,例如,治疗慢性神经退行性病变的药物NOS inhibit I、用于降低眼内压升高的开角型青光眼或高眼压症的药物Tafluprost、治疗浮肿的药物UT-B inhibit II以及转氨酶活性抑制剂KFBP 12等。
因此,探索新的构筑偕二氟亚甲基的方法具有非常大的价值。与传统的利用卤代二氟甲基化前驱体,如RCF2Cl、RCF2Br、RCF2Si等的合成方法相比较,现有技术中通过直接利用CF3构建偕二氟甲基化合物的方法具有原子经济性和原料易得的双重优势。但是,这种基于CF3构建CF2的方法,即CF3基团的单个C(sp3)-F键的选择性官能化,进展一直非常缓慢。造成这种情况的原因一方面来自于C-F键极高的键离解能(BDE),如HCF3的C-F键BDE高达128Kcal/mol;另一方面,CF3基团中C-F键键能随着氟原子的离去逐渐降低,因此如何控制C-F键断裂的化学选择性成为了更大的挑战。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种3,3-二氟-1,5-己二烯类化合物及其制备方法与应用,旨在解决现有方法选择性差、底物普适性差、条件苛刻且需要贵重金属的问题。
本发明是这样实现的,一种3,3-二氟-1,5-己二烯类化合物,该化合物的化学结构式如下式(Ⅰ)所示:
Figure BDA0002982101450000021
式(Ⅰ)中,R1选自以下任一基团:4-联苯基,3-甲氧羰基苯基,4-甲氧羰基苯基,5-苯并呋喃基,3-甲氧基4-氟苯基,4-氰基苯基,4-N,N-二苯基苯基,4-N,N-二甲基羰基苯基,4-甲氧基苯基,3-甲氧基苯基,1,4-苯并二恶烷,2-甲氧基吡啶基,甲基苯基砜,3-喹啉基,4-溴苯基,3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基,苯基,4-三氟甲氧基苯基,2-氟苯基,α-甲基β-苯基乙烯基,2-甲基苯基,4-氯苯基,4-三氟甲基苯基,3-萘,双丙酮葡萄糖苄基醚,3-N,N-二叔丁氧羰基苯基,4-苯甲酸香叶醇酯,4-N,N-二丙基磺酰氨基苯基,44-乙烯基苯基;
R2选自以下任一基团:氢,甲基,苯基,4-氟苯基,4-氯苯基,4-溴苯基,3-甲氧基苯基;
R3选自以下任一基团:氢,苯基。
本发明进一步公开了上述3,3-二氟-1,5-己二烯类化合物的制备方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
(1)在惰性气体氛围下,将α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、烯丙基三甲基硅烷类化合物、四丁基氟化铵以及溶剂依次加入到反应管中磁力搅拌均匀,得到混合物;其中,所述α-三氟甲基乙烯、烯丙基三甲基硅烷类化合物、四丁基氟化铵以及溶剂的摩尔体积比为0.1mmol:(0.1~1.0)mmol:(0.001~0.1)mmol:(0.1~2.0)mL;
(2)在惰性气体氛围下,将上述混合物在130℃油浴条件下磁力搅拌反应12小时,将反应混合物冷却至室温,从反应混合物中通过快速柱层析法分离得到3,3-二氟-1,5-己二烯类化合物。
优选地,在步骤(1)、步骤(2)中,所述惰性气体为氮气和氩气中的任意一种。
优选地,在步骤(1)中,所述溶剂为1,4-二氧六环、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基丙烯基脲以及二甲基亚砜中的任意一种。
优选地,在步骤(1)中,所述α-三氟甲基乙烯、烯丙基三甲基硅烷类化合物、四丁基氟化铵以及溶剂的摩尔体积比为0.1mmol:0.2mmol:0.005mmol:1.0mL。
优选地,在步骤(1)中,所述α-三氟甲基乙烯选自4-苯基-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、3-甲氧羰基-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、4-甲氧羰基-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、5-苯并呋喃基-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、3-甲氧基4-氟-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、4-氰基-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、4-N,N-二苯基-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、4-N,N-二甲基羰基-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、4-甲氧基-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、3-甲氧基-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、1,4-苯并二恶烷基-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、2-甲氧基-α-三氟甲基吡啶乙烯、甲基苯基砜-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、3-喹啉基-α-三氟甲基乙烯、4-溴-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、3,4,5-三甲氧基-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、苯基-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、4-三氟甲氧基-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、2-氟-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、1-苯基-2-甲基-3-三氟甲基丁二烯、2-甲基-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、4-氯-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、4-三氟甲基-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、3-萘-α-三氟甲基乙烯、双丙酮葡萄糖苄基醚-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、3-N,N-二叔丁氧羰基-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、4-苯甲酸香叶醇酯-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、4-N,N-二丙基磺酰氨基-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、4-乙烯基-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯中的任意一种。
优选地,在步骤(1)中,所述烯丙基三甲基硅烷类化合物选自烯丙基三甲基硅烷、2-苯基-烯丙基三甲基硅烷、2-甲基-烯丙基三甲基硅烷、2-4-氟苯基-烯丙基三甲基硅烷、2-4-氯苯基-烯丙基三甲基硅烷、2-4-溴苯基-烯丙基三甲基硅烷、2-3-甲氧基苯基-烯丙基三甲基硅烷以及1-苯基-烯丙基三甲基硅烷中的任意一种。
优选地,在步骤(2)中,所述快速柱层析法的分离条件为:将反应产物通过装有200~300目硅胶的柱子,使用乙酸乙酯与石油醚体积比为1:100的洗脱剂进行过柱分离得到纯的3,3-二氟-1,5-己二烯类化合物。
本发明进一步公开了上述3,3-二氟-1,5-己二烯类化合物在合成含CF2有机骨架的前体化合物中的应用。
优选地,所述前体化合物为含偕二氟亚甲基化合物。
本发明克服现有技术的不足,提供一种3,3-二氟-1,5-己二烯类化合物及其制备方法与应用。本发明利用串联的三氟甲基烯烃类化合物的SN2’型烯丙基化及[3,3]-sigmatropic重排实现碳氟键的原位烯丙基化,所得到的α,α-二氟烷基取代烯烃由于碳碳双键的活化程度不足,在该反应条件下无法进行进一步的SN2’型取代反应,因此实现了高选择性的碳氟键官能化。含偕二氟亚甲基(CF2)化合物在药物分子当中应用较多,本发明所得化合物可作为潜在的合成含CF2有机骨架的前体,通过进一步的转化形成有实际用途的分子。
相比于现有技术的缺点和不足,本发明具有以下有益效果:本发明制备方法采用四丁基氟化铵作为引发剂,近乎定量转化,只断裂一根三氟甲基的C-F键,选择性高;本发明方法不需要金属参与反应,经济环保;此外,本发明方法操作简单,所需原材料低廉易得,适于产业化应用。
附图说明
图1是化合物1的核磁共振1H谱图;
图2是化合物1的核磁共振13C谱图;
图3是化合物1的核磁共振19F谱图;
图4是化合物2的核磁共振1H谱图;
图5是化合物2的核磁共振13C谱图;
图6是化合物2的核磁共振19F谱图
图7是化合物3的核磁共振1H谱图;
图8是化合物3的核磁共振13C谱图;
图9是化合物3的核磁共振19F谱图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1
(1)在氮气氛围下,将0.2mmolα-三氟甲基苯乙烯、0.4mmol烯丙基三甲基硅烷类化合物、0.01mmol四丁基氟化铵依次加入到装有2.0mL溶剂的反应管中,磁力搅拌均匀,得到混合物;其中,所述α-三氟甲基苯乙烯为4-苯基-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯,所述烯丙基三甲基硅烷类化合物为烯丙基三甲基硅烷,所述溶剂为1,4-二氧六环;
(2)在氮气氛围下,将步骤(1)反应管底部置于油浴中,反应管底部的混合物在130℃、磁力搅拌条件下反应12小时,将反应产物通过装有200~300目硅胶的柱子,使用乙酸乙酯与石油醚体积比为1:100的洗脱剂进行过柱分离得到纯的2-联苯基-3,3-二氟-1,5-己二烯化合物1。
化合物1表征结果如图1~3所示,其中,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.65–7.57(m,4H),7.53–7.43(m,4H),7.40–7.35(m,1H),5.82–5.70(m,2H),5.55(s,1H),5.23–5.07(m,2H),2.74(tdt,J=16.0,7.1,1.1Hz,2H)ppm;13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ143.9(t,J=22.9Hz),141.0,140.4,135.8,129.0(t,J=5.3Hz),128.8,128.6,127.5,127.0,121.4(t,J=243.7Hz),120.2,118.4(t,J=8.8Hz),41.0(t,J=27.0Hz)ppm;19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-95.27(t,J=16.0Hz)ppm。
实施例2
(1)在氮气氛围下,将0.2mmolα-三氟甲基苯乙烯、0.4mmol烯丙基三甲基硅烷类化合物、0.01mmol四丁基氟化铵依次加入到装有2.0mL溶剂的反应管中,磁力搅拌均匀,得到混合物;所述α-三氟甲基苯乙烯为3-甲氧羰基-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯,所述烯丙基三甲基硅烷类化合物为烯丙基三甲基硅烷,所述溶剂为1,4-二氧六环;
(2)在氮气氛围下,将步骤(1)反应管底部置于油浴中,反应管底部的混合物在130℃、磁力搅拌条件下反应12小时,将反应产物通过装有200~300目硅胶的柱子,使用乙酸乙酯与石油醚体积比为1:100的洗脱剂进行过柱分离得到纯的2-3-甲氧羰基苯基-3,3-二氟-1,5-己二烯化合物2。
化合物2的表征结果如图4~6所示,其中,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.18–7.91(m,2H),7.61(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.43(t,J=6.8Hz,1H),5.83–5.61(m,2H),5.53(s,1H),5.11(dd,J=42.2,13.7Hz,2H),3.93(s,3H),2.78–2.58(m,2H)ppm;13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ166.9,143.7(t,J=23.4Hz),137.3,132.7,130.5,129.5,128.8(t,J=5.3Hz),128.6,121.2(t,J=243.7Hz),120.6,119.6(t,J=8.7Hz),52.4,41.0(t,J=27.0Hz)ppm;19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-95.43(t,J=15.8Hz)ppm。
实施例3
(1)在氮气氛围下,将0.2mmolα-三氟甲基苯乙烯、0.4mmol烯丙基三甲基硅烷类化合物、0.01mmol四丁基氟化铵依次加入到2.0mL 1,4-二氧六环中,得到混合物;所述α-三氟甲基苯乙烯为4-甲氧羰基-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯,所述烯丙基三甲基硅烷类化合物为烯丙基三甲基硅烷,所述溶剂为1,4-二氧六环;
(2)在氮气氛围下,将步骤(1)中所得的混合物在130℃的反应温度下反应12小时,再从反应产物中收集出2-4-甲氧羰基苯基-3,3-二氟-1,5-己二烯化合物3。
化合物3的表征结果如图7~9所示,其中,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.02(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.47(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),5.87–5.60(m,2H),5.55(s,1H),5.20–4.96(m,2H),3.92(s,3H),2.66(td,J=15.9,7.1Hz,2H)ppm;13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ166.8,143.8(t,J=23.3Hz),141.5,130.0,129.7,128.8(t,J=5.3Hz),128.3,121.1(t,J=243.9Hz),120.6,119.9(t,J=8.8Hz),52.3,41.1(t,J=26.9Hz)ppm;19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-95.16(t,J=15.9Hz)ppm。
实施例4~29
实施例4~29与实施例1基本相同,不同之处在于:
表1实施例4~29
Figure BDA0002982101450000071
Figure BDA0002982101450000081
实施例30
该实施例30与实施例1基本相同,差别之处在于步骤(1)中,在氮气氛围下,将0.1mmolα-三氟甲基苯乙烯、0.2mmol烯丙基三甲基硅烷类化合物、0.005mmol四丁基氟化铵依次加入到装有1.0mL溶剂的反应管中,磁力搅拌均匀,得到混合物;其中,所述α-三氟甲基苯乙烯为4-苯基-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯,所述烯丙基三甲基硅烷类化合物为2-苯基-烯丙基三甲基硅烷,所述溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。
实施例31
该实施例30与实施例1基本相同,差别之处在于步骤(1)中,在氮气氛围下,将0.1mmolα-三氟甲基苯乙烯、0.1mmol烯丙基三甲基硅烷类化合物、0.005mmol四丁基氟化铵依次加入到装有0.1mL溶剂的反应管中,磁力搅拌均匀,得到混合物;其中,所述α-三氟甲基苯乙烯为4-苯基-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯,所述烯丙基三甲基硅烷类化合物为2-4-氟苯基-烯丙基三甲基硅烷,所述溶剂为N-甲基吡咯烷酮。
实施例32
该实施例30与实施例1基本相同,差别之处在于步骤(1)中,在氩气氛围下,将0.1mmolα-三氟甲基苯乙烯、1.0mmol烯丙基三甲基硅烷类化合物、0.1mmol四丁基氟化铵依次加入到装有2.0mL溶剂的反应管中,磁力搅拌均匀,得到混合物;其中,所述α-三氟甲基苯乙烯为4-苯基-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯,所述烯丙基三甲基硅烷类化合物为1-苯基-烯丙基三甲基硅烷,所述溶剂为N,N-二甲基丙烯基脲。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种3,3-二氟-1,5-己二烯类化合物,其特征在于,该化合物的化学结构式如下式(Ⅰ)所示:
Figure FDA0002982101440000011
式(Ⅰ)中,R1选自以下任一基团:4-联苯基,3-甲氧羰基苯基,4-甲氧羰基苯基,5-苯并呋喃基,3-甲氧基4-氟苯基,4-氰基苯基,4-N,N-二苯基苯基,4-N,N-二甲基羰基苯基,4-甲氧基苯基,3-甲氧基苯基,1,4-苯并二恶烷,2-甲氧基吡啶基,甲基苯基砜,3-喹啉基,4-溴苯基,3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基,苯基,4-三氟甲氧基苯基,2-氟苯基,α-甲基β-苯基乙烯基,2-甲基苯基,4-氯苯基,4-三氟甲基苯基,3-萘,双丙酮葡萄糖苄基醚,3-N,N-二叔丁氧羰基苯基,4-苯甲酸香叶醇酯,4-N,N-二丙基磺酰氨基苯基,44-乙烯基苯基;
R2选自以下任一基团:氢,甲基,苯基,4-氟苯基,4-氯苯基,4-溴苯基,3-甲氧基苯基;
R3选自以下任一基团:氢,苯基。
2.权利要求1所述的3,3-二氟-1,5-己二烯类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
(1)在惰性气体氛围下,将α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、烯丙基三甲基硅烷类化合物、四丁基氟化铵以及溶剂依次加入到反应管中磁力搅拌均匀,得到混合物;其中,所述三氟甲基乙烯、烯丙基三甲基硅烷类化合物、四丁基氟化铵以及溶剂的摩尔体积比为0.1mmol:(0.1~1.0)mmol:(0.005~0.1)mmol:(0.1~2.0)mL;
(2)在惰性气体氛围下,将上述混合物在130℃油浴条件下磁力搅拌反应12小时,将反应混合物冷却至室温,从反应混合物中通过快速柱层析法分离得到3,3-二氟-1,5-己二烯类化合物。
3.如权利要求2所述的3,3-二氟-1,5-己二烯类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤(1)、步骤(2)中,所述惰性气体为氮气和氩气中的任意一种。
4.如权利要求2所述的3,3-二氟-1,5-己二烯类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤(1)中,所述溶剂为1,4-二氧六环、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基丙烯基脲以及二甲基亚砜中的任意一种。
5.如权利要求2所述的3,3-二氟-1,5-己二烯类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤(1)中,所述α-三氟甲基乙烯、烯丙基三甲基硅烷类化合物、四丁基氟化铵以及溶剂的摩尔体积比为0.1mmol:0.2mmol:0.02mmol:1.0mL。
6.如权利要求2所述的3,3-二氟-1,5-己二烯类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤(1)中,所述α-三氟甲基乙烯选自4-苯基-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、3-甲氧羰基-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、4-甲氧羰基-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、5-苯并呋喃基-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、3-甲氧基4-氟-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、4-氰基-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、4-N,N-二苯基-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、4-N,N-二甲基羰基-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、4-甲氧基-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、3-甲氧基-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、1,4-苯并二恶烷基-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、2-甲氧基-α-三氟甲基吡啶乙烯、甲基苯基砜-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、3-喹啉基-α-三氟甲基乙烯、4-溴-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、3,4,5-三甲氧基-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、苯基-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、4-三氟甲氧基-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、2-氟-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、1-苯基-2-甲基-3-三氟甲基丁二烯、2-甲基-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、4-氯-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、4-三氟甲基-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、3-萘-α-三氟甲基乙烯、双丙酮葡萄糖苄基醚-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、3-N,N-二叔丁氧羰基-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、4-苯甲酸香叶醇酯-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、4-N,N-二丙基磺酰氨基-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯、4-乙烯基-α-三氟甲基苯乙烯中的任意一种。
7.如权利要求2所述的3,3-二氟-1,5-己二烯类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤(1)中,所述烯丙基三甲基硅烷类化合物选自烯丙基三甲基硅烷、2-苯基-烯丙基三甲基硅烷、2-甲基-烯丙基三甲基硅烷、2-4-氟苯基-烯丙基三甲基硅烷、2-4-氯苯基-烯丙基三甲基硅烷、2-4-溴苯基-烯丙基三甲基硅烷、2-3-甲氧基苯基-烯丙基三甲基硅烷以及1-苯基-烯丙基三甲基硅烷中的任意一种。
8.如权利要求2所述的3,3-二氟-1,5-己二烯类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤(2)中,所述快速柱层析法的分离条件为:将反应产物通过装有200~300目硅胶的柱子,使用乙酸乙酯与石油醚体积比为1:100的洗脱剂进行过柱分离得到纯的3,3-二氟-1,5-己二烯类化合物。
9.权利要求1所述的3,3-二氟-1,5-己二烯类化合物在合成含CF2有机骨架的前体化合物中的应用。
10.如权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,所述前体化合物为含偕二氟亚甲基化合物。
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