CN113016945A - Preparation method of silage total mixed fermentation ration - Google Patents
Preparation method of silage total mixed fermentation ration Download PDFInfo
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- CN113016945A CN113016945A CN202110416496.0A CN202110416496A CN113016945A CN 113016945 A CN113016945 A CN 113016945A CN 202110416496 A CN202110416496 A CN 202110416496A CN 113016945 A CN113016945 A CN 113016945A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K30/10—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder
- A23K30/15—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A23K10/38—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material from distillers' or brewers' waste
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of silage total mixed fermentation ration, which comprises the following steps: collecting corn stalks 5-10 days after the wax ripening period, removing impurities and putrefaction, pulverizing the corn stalks, and cutting into 1cm sections; cleaning the pit and the pit floor, and paving a plastic film on the wall of the pit; and step 3: mixing corn straws, brewer's grains, alfalfa, a concentrate and a fermentation microbial inoculum according to a certain proportion, then stacking the mixture in a cellar pool, compacting once when stacking the mixture for 50cm, finally covering two layers of films on the top, and compacting the spliced positions of the different films by sand bags; fermenting for 50-70 days to obtain silage total mixed fermented ration; the silage total mixed fermented ration prepared by combining the corn straws, the brewer's grains, the alfalfa, the concentrate and the fermentation microbial inoculum is favorite for animals, can provide balanced nutrition for dairy cows, and is high in digestion and utilization rate of the dairy cows, so that the milk yield of the dairy cows is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of silage fermentation, in particular to a preparation method of silage total mixed fermentation ration.
Background
Fermented Total Mixed Ration (FTMR), also known as TMR silage, is a feed fermented by TMR under anaerobic conditions, can provide nutritionally balanced ration for dairy cows, maintain rumen health, reduce the incidence of disease of dairy cows, and improve the production performance of dairy cows. At present, many researchers at home and abroad use food byproducts such as brewer's grains, bean curd residues, mushroom residues, green tea residues and the like in the production of the fermented TMR to obtain the fermented TMR with good fermentation quality. The beer is generated along with a large amount of beer grains in the production process, the resource is rich, the beer grains have high nutritional value, contain rich crude protein and B vitamins, but have high moisture content and are difficult to store for a long time, and the beer grains are used as a part of a fermented TMR raw material, so that the nutritional value of the fermented TMR can be improved, the feed source can be expanded, and the purpose of long-term storage can be achieved.
However, the existing TMR silage still has the technical problems of poor palatability, low nutritional value and incapability of being efficiently utilized by cows, so a new technical scheme is needed to overcome the defects.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing silage total mixed fermentation ration, which can effectively solve the technical problems.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the following technical scheme is adopted:
a preparation method of silage total mixed fermentation ration comprises the following steps:
step 1: collecting corn stalks 5-10 days after the wax ripening period, removing impurities and putrefaction, pulverizing the corn stalks, and cutting into 1cm sections;
step 2: cleaning the pit and the pit floor, and paving a plastic film on the wall of the pit;
and step 3: mixing corn straws, brewer's grains, alfalfa, a concentrate and a fermentation microbial inoculum according to a certain proportion, then stacking the mixture in a cellar pool, compacting once when stacking the mixture for 50cm, finally covering two layers of films on the top, and compacting the spliced positions of the different films by sand bags;
and 4, step 4: fermenting for 50-70 days to obtain the silage total mixed fermented ration.
Preferably, in the step 3, the mixture ratio of the corn stalk, the brewer's grain, the alfalfa, the concentrate and the fermentation bacteria agent is 250 parts by weight of the corn stalk, 300 parts by weight of the brewer's grain, 300 parts by weight of the alfalfa, 400 parts by weight of the concentrate and 7-15 parts by weight of the fermentation bacteria agent.
Preferably, in the step 3, the mixture ratio of the corn stalk, the brewer's grain, the alfalfa, the concentrate and the fermentation bacteria agent is 220 parts by weight of the corn stalk, 270 parts by weight of the brewer's grain, 270 parts by weight of the alfalfa, 350 parts by weight of the concentrate and 7-11 parts by weight of the fermentation bacteria agent.
Preferably, in the step 3, the corn straw, the brewer's grain, the alfalfa, the concentrate and the fermentation microbial inoculum are 200 parts by weight of the corn straw, 250 parts by weight of the brewer's grain, 250 parts by weight of the alfalfa, 300 parts by weight of the concentrate and 9 parts by weight of the fermentation microbial inoculum.
Preferably, the active ingredients of the concentrated material are corn flour, rapeseed dregs, whole cotton seeds, corn vinasse and wheat bran.
Preferably, the proportion of the corn flour, the rapeseed dregs, the whole cotton seeds, the corn vinasse and the wheat bran in the concentrated material according to the parts by weight is as follows: 2:3:2:1:2.
Preferably, the effective components of the zymophyte agent are lactobacillus buchneri and ruminococcus albus.
Preferably, the addition amount of the lactobacillus buchneri in the fermentation inoculum is 4 × 105 cfu/g.
Preferably, the addition amount of the Ruminococcus albus in the zymophyte agent is 3 × 104 cfu/g.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the silage total mixed fermented ration prepared by combining the corn straws, the brewer's grains, the alfalfa, the concentrate and the fermentation microbial inoculum is soft and juicy, has a sour and fragrant smell and good palatability, is favorable for animals to eat, is rich in nutrition, can provide balanced nutrition for cows, is high in digestion utilization rate of the cows on the silage total mixed fermented ration, and further improves the breeding efficiency and the milk yield of the cows.
2. The silage total mixed fermentation daily ration has the characteristics of wide raw material sources, low cost, simple preparation process, suitability for self-making and self-use of vast farmers, industrial popularization, no addition of any chemical additive, and high safety.
3. According to the invention, through reasonable nutrition collocation, the straws and the brewer's grains are changed into valuable, so that the problems of resource waste, environmental pollution and the like caused by straw accumulation or combustion and brewer's grains mildewed as waste are solved, the technical problem that the brewer's grains are difficult to store is solved, the utilization value of the brewer's grains is improved, and the brewer's grains have higher social value.
4. The silage total mixed fermentation ration adopts the synergistic effect of the lactobacillus buchneri and the rumen albus as the fermentation microbial inoculum in the preparation process, effectively improves the aerobic stability of the feed, prolongs the storage period of the feed after opening the bag, and further reduces the resource waste.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.
Example 1
The invention provides a preparation method of silage total mixed fermentation daily ration, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: collecting corn stalks 5-10 days after the wax ripening period, removing impurities and putrefaction, pulverizing the corn stalks, and cutting into 1cm sections;
step 2: cleaning the pit and the pit floor, and paving a plastic film on the wall of the pit;
and step 3: mixing corn straws, brewer's grains, alfalfa, a concentrate and a fermentation microbial inoculum according to a certain proportion, then stacking the mixture in a cellar pool, compacting once when stacking the mixture for 50cm, finally covering two layers of films on the top, and compacting the spliced positions of the different films by sand bags;
and 4, step 4: and fermenting for 50 days to obtain the silage total mixed fermented ration.
Preferably, in the step 3, the corn stalks, the brewer's grain, the alfalfa, the concentrate and the fermentation microbial inoculum are 150 parts of the corn stalks, 200 parts of the brewer's grain, 200 parts of the alfalfa, 150 parts of the concentrate and 7 parts of the fermentation microbial inoculum according to the weight part ratio.
The effective components of the concentrated material comprise corn flour, rapeseed dregs, full cotton seeds, corn vinasse and wheat bran, and the corn flour, the rapeseed dregs, the full cotton seeds, the corn vinasse and the wheat bran in the concentrated material are proportioned according to the weight parts: 2:3:2:1:2.
The effective components of the fermentation inoculum are preferably lactobacillus buchneri and ruminococcus albus. Specifically, the addition amount of lactobacillus buchneri in the fermentation inoculum is 4 × 105 cfu/g; the addition amount of the Ruminococcus albus in the fermentation inoculum is 3 multiplied by 104 cfu/g.
Example 2
The invention provides a preparation method of silage total mixed fermentation daily ration, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: collecting corn stalks 5-10 days after the wax ripening period, removing impurities and putrefaction, pulverizing the corn stalks, and cutting into 1cm sections;
step 2: cleaning the pit and the pit floor, and paving a plastic film on the wall of the pit;
and step 3: mixing corn straws, brewer's grains, alfalfa, a concentrate and a fermentation microbial inoculum according to a certain proportion, then stacking the mixture in a cellar pool, compacting once when stacking the mixture for 50cm, finally covering two layers of films on the top, and compacting the spliced positions of the different films by sand bags;
and 4, step 4: and fermenting for 60 days to obtain the silage total mixed fermented ration.
Preferably, in the step 3, the corn straw, the brewer's grain, the alfalfa, the concentrate and the fermentation microbial inoculum are 200 parts by weight of the corn straw, 250 parts by weight of the brewer's grain, 250 parts by weight of the alfalfa, 300 parts by weight of the concentrate and 9 parts by weight of the fermentation microbial inoculum.
The effective components of the concentrated material comprise corn flour, rapeseed dregs, full cotton seeds, corn vinasse and wheat bran, and the corn flour, the rapeseed dregs, the full cotton seeds, the corn vinasse and the wheat bran in the concentrated material are proportioned according to the weight parts: 2:3:2:1:2.
The effective components of the fermentation inoculum are preferably lactobacillus buchneri and ruminococcus albus. Specifically, the addition amount of lactobacillus buchneri in the fermentation inoculum is 4 × 105 cfu/g; the addition amount of the Ruminococcus albus in the fermentation inoculum is 3 multiplied by 104 cfu/g.
Example 3
The invention provides a preparation method of silage total mixed fermentation daily ration, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: collecting corn stalks 5-10 days after the wax ripening period, removing impurities and putrefaction, pulverizing the corn stalks, and cutting into 1cm sections;
step 2: cleaning the pit and the pit floor, and paving a plastic film on the wall of the pit;
and step 3: mixing corn straws, brewer's grains, alfalfa, a concentrate and a fermentation microbial inoculum according to a certain proportion, then stacking the mixture in a cellar pool, compacting once when stacking the mixture for 50cm, finally covering two layers of films on the top, and compacting the spliced positions of the different films by sand bags;
and 4, step 4: and fermenting for 70 days to obtain the silage total mixed fermented ration.
Preferably, in the step 3, the corn stalks, the brewer's grain, the alfalfa, the concentrate and the fermentation microbial inoculum are 240 parts by weight of the corn stalks, 280 parts by weight of the brewer's grain, 280 parts by weight of the alfalfa, 330 parts by weight of the concentrate and 13 parts by weight of the fermentation microbial inoculum.
The effective components of the concentrated material comprise corn flour, rapeseed dregs, full cotton seeds, corn vinasse and wheat bran, and the corn flour, the rapeseed dregs, the full cotton seeds, the corn vinasse and the wheat bran in the concentrated material are proportioned according to the weight parts: 2:3:2:1:2.
The effective components of the fermentation inoculum are preferably lactobacillus buchneri and ruminococcus albus. Specifically, the addition amount of lactobacillus buchneri in the fermentation inoculum is 4 × 105 cfu/g; the addition amount of the Ruminococcus albus in the fermentation inoculum is 3 multiplied by 104 cfu/g.
Comparative example 1
The invention provides a preparation method of silage total mixed fermentation daily ration, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: collecting corn stalks 5-10 days after the wax ripening period, removing impurities and putrefaction, pulverizing the corn stalks, and cutting into 1cm sections;
step 2: cleaning the pit and the pit floor, and paving a plastic film on the wall of the pit;
and step 3: mixing corn straws, brewer's grains, alfalfa, a concentrate and a fermentation microbial inoculum according to a certain proportion, then stacking the mixture in a cellar pool, compacting once when stacking the mixture for 50cm, finally covering two layers of films on the top, and compacting the spliced positions of the different films by sand bags;
and 4, step 4: and fermenting for 60 days to obtain the silage total mixed fermented ration.
Preferably, in the step 3, the corn straw, the brewer's grain, the alfalfa, the concentrate and the fermentation microbial inoculum are 200 parts by weight of the corn straw, 250 parts by weight of the brewer's grain, 250 parts by weight of the alfalfa, 300 parts by weight of the concentrate and 9 parts by weight of the fermentation microbial inoculum.
The effective components of the concentrated material comprise corn flour, rapeseed dregs, full cotton seeds, corn vinasse and wheat bran, and the corn flour, the rapeseed dregs, the full cotton seeds, the corn vinasse and the wheat bran in the concentrated material are proportioned according to the weight parts: 2:3:2:1:2.
The effective component of the fermentation inoculum is preferably lactobacillus buchneri. Specifically, the addition amount of the lactobacillus buchneri in the fermentation inoculum is 4 multiplied by 105 cfu/g.
Comparative example 2
The invention provides a preparation method of silage total mixed fermentation daily ration, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: collecting corn stalks 5-10 days after the wax ripening period, removing impurities and putrefaction, pulverizing the corn stalks, and cutting into 1cm sections;
step 2: cleaning the pit and the pit floor, and paving a plastic film on the wall of the pit;
and step 3: mixing corn straws, brewer's grains, alfalfa, a concentrate and a fermentation microbial inoculum according to a certain proportion, then stacking the mixture in a cellar pool, compacting once when stacking the mixture for 50cm, finally covering two layers of films on the top, and compacting the spliced positions of the different films by sand bags;
and 4, step 4: and fermenting for 60 days to obtain the silage total mixed fermented ration.
Preferably, in the step 3, the corn straw, the brewer's grain, the alfalfa, the concentrate and the fermentation microbial inoculum are 200 parts by weight of the corn straw, 250 parts by weight of the brewer's grain, 250 parts by weight of the alfalfa, 300 parts by weight of the concentrate and 9 parts by weight of the fermentation microbial inoculum.
The effective components of the concentrated material comprise corn flour, rapeseed dregs, full cotton seeds, corn vinasse and wheat bran, and the corn flour, the rapeseed dregs, the full cotton seeds, the corn vinasse and the wheat bran in the concentrated material are proportioned according to the weight parts: 2:3:2:1:2.
The effective component of the zymophyte agent is preferably Ruminococcus albus. Specifically, the addition amount of the Ruminococcus albus in the fermentation inoculum is 3 multiplied by 104 cfu/g.
Comparative example 3
The invention provides a preparation method of silage total mixed fermentation daily ration, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: collecting corn stalks 5-10 days after the wax ripening period, removing impurities and putrefaction, pulverizing the corn stalks, and cutting into 1cm sections;
step 2: cleaning the pit and the pit floor, and paving a plastic film on the wall of the pit;
and step 3: mixing corn straws, brewer's grains, alfalfa, a concentrate and a fermentation microbial inoculum according to a certain proportion, then stacking the mixture in a cellar pool, compacting once when stacking the mixture for 50cm, finally covering two layers of films on the top, and compacting the spliced positions of the different films by sand bags;
and 4, step 4: and fermenting for 60 days to obtain the silage total mixed fermented ration.
Preferably, in the step 3, the corn straw, the brewer's grain, the alfalfa, the concentrate and the fermentation microbial inoculum are 200 parts by weight of the corn straw, 250 parts by weight of the brewer's grain, 250 parts by weight of the alfalfa, 300 parts by weight of the concentrate and 9 parts by weight of the fermentation microbial inoculum.
The effective components of the concentrated material comprise corn flour, rapeseed dregs, full cotton seeds, corn vinasse and wheat bran, and the corn flour, the rapeseed dregs, the full cotton seeds, the corn vinasse and the wheat bran in the concentrated material are proportioned according to the weight parts: 2:3:2:1:2.
The effective component of the fermentation inoculum is preferably lactobacillus buchneri. Specifically, the addition amount of the lactobacillus buchneri in the fermentation inoculum is 6 × 106 cfu/g.
Comparative example 4
The commercial silage total mixed fermented daily ration of a certain brand comprises 20 parts of corn straws, 25 parts of concentrate and 25 parts of winged bean whole plants, and the fermentation microbial inoculum is lactic acid bacteria.
Experimental example 1
Selecting 60 cows with the weight of about 200kg, dividing the cows into 6 groups, feeding 10 cows in each group, respectively feeding silage complete mixed fermentation ration obtained in example 1 and silage obtained in comparative examples 1 to 4, feeding for 30 days, weighing the initial weight and milk yield in the morning of the first day of feeding, recording the average feed intake of each group of cows, and performing data comparison and analysis after 30 days, wherein the results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 comparison of results for cows fed with different kinds of feed
Experimental example 2
On the basis of the above experiment 1, the storage life of the feed after opening the bag was measured, and the time required for the first rotten part to deteriorate was recorded with opening the bag until the rotten part first appeared, and the results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 comparative data of the time required for the first appearance of spoiled portions of the feed after opening the bag
In conclusion, as can be seen from the content in table 1, the silage total mixed fermented ration prepared by the method has good palatability and rich nutrition, and can effectively improve the feed intake, the weight and the milk yield of the dairy cows.
As can be seen from the content in Table 2, the silage whole-mixed fermented ration prepared by the method has a longer storage period after opening the bag, and can reduce the waste of the feed; meanwhile, as can be seen from the content in table 2, the storage life of the silage complete mixed fermentation ration after opening the bag can be effectively prolonged through the synergistic effect of lactobacillus buchneri and rumen coccus albus on the basis of reducing the addition of lactobacillus buchneri.
Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of silage total mixed fermentation ration is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: collecting corn stalks 5-10 days after the wax ripening period, removing impurities and putrefaction, pulverizing the corn stalks, and cutting into 1cm sections;
step 2: cleaning the pit and the pit floor, and paving a plastic film on the wall of the pit;
and step 3: mixing corn straws, brewer's grains, alfalfa, a concentrate and a fermentation microbial inoculum according to a certain proportion, then stacking the mixture in a cellar pool, compacting once when stacking the mixture for 50cm, finally covering two layers of films on the top, and compacting the spliced positions of the different films by sand bags;
and 4, step 4: fermenting for 50-70 days to obtain the silage total mixed fermented ration.
2. The method for preparing silage total mixed fermentation ration according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 3, the corn straw, the brewer's grain, the alfalfa, the concentrate and the fermentation bacteria agent are prepared from, by weight, 100 portions of the corn straw, 250 portions of the brewer's grain, 300 portions of the brewer's grain, 200 portions of the alfalfa, 400 portions of the concentrate and 7-15 portions of the fermentation bacteria agent.
3. The method for preparing silage total mixed fermentation ration according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 3, the corn straw, the brewer's grain, the alfalfa, the concentrate and the fermentation bacteria agent are 220 parts of the corn straw, 270 parts of the brewer's grain, 270 parts of the alfalfa, 150 parts of the concentrate and 350 parts of the fermentation bacteria agent according to the weight part ratio.
4. The method for preparing silage total mixed fermentation ration according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 3, the corn straw, the brewer's grain, the alfalfa, the concentrate and the fermentation microbial inoculum are 200 parts by weight of the corn straw, 250 parts by weight of the brewer's grain, 250 parts by weight of the alfalfa, 300 parts by weight of the concentrate and 9 parts by weight of the fermentation microbial inoculum.
5. The method for preparing silage total mixed fermentation ration according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the effective components of the concentrated feed comprise corn flour, rapeseed dregs, full cotton seeds, corn vinasse and wheat bran.
6. The method for preparing silage total mixed fermentation ration according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the corn flour, the rapeseed meal, the all-cotton seeds, the corn vinasse and the wheat bran in the concentrated material are proportioned according to the weight parts as follows: 2:3:2:1:2.
7. The method for preparing silage total mixed fermentation ration according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the effective components of the fermentation inoculum are lactobacillus buchneri and rumen coccus albus.
8. The method for preparing silage total mixed fermentation ration according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the addition amount of the lactobacillus buchneri in the fermentation inoculum is 4 multiplied by 105 cfu/g.
9. The method for preparing silage total mixed fermentation ration according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the addition amount of the Ruminococcus albus in the fermentation inoculum is 3 multiplied by 104 cfu/g.
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