CN113015556A - 神经退行性疾病的预防剂和/或治疗剂 - Google Patents
神经退行性疾病的预防剂和/或治疗剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明的课题在于提供新的神经退行性疾病的预防剂和/或治疗剂、以及含有该预防剂和/或治疗剂的药物组合物。利用含有苦瓜的提取物作为有效成分的神经退行性疾病的预防剂和/或治疗剂、优选用于治疗或预防选自阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、唐氏综合征、Tau蛋白病(例如嗜银颗粒痴呆、神经原纤维缠结型老年痴呆、进行性核上性麻痹、皮质基底节变性、皮克病)、路易体痴呆中的疾病的制剂来解决该课题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及神经退行性疾病的预防剂和/或治疗剂。
背景技术
神经退行性疾病是指位于脑、脊髓的神经细胞中某一特定的神经细胞群(例如与认知功能有关的神经细胞、与运动功能有关的细胞)逐渐受到损伤而发病的疾病。针对这样的疾病，为了开发治愈或改善的疗法而进行了研究。
例如，专利文献1报道了：通过将咖啡、洋葱、萝卜、柠檬、川芎、当归、松树、黄连、阿魏、甘薯、玉米、大麦、小麦、稻米等中所含的阿魏酸与甘油磷脂组合而发挥β-淀粉样蛋白聚集抑制效果。
另外，除了上述植物来源的成分以外，还公开了：将夹竹桃属的种(Neriumspecies)或黄花夹竹桃属的种(Thevetia species)的提取物用于阿尔茨海默病、亨廷顿病、中风或其它神经疾病的治疗(专利文献2)。
另一方面，苦瓜(苦瓜属苦瓜：momordica charantia var.pavel，以下称为“苦瓜”)是原产于热带亚洲，在日本在冲绳、九州地区广泛栽培的葫芦科植物。由于富含作为营养素的氨基酸类、维生素类、矿物质类等，因此期待防止苦夏、健胃/整肠作用、提高细胞活化性等的效果，对于加工食品进行了各种研究(例如专利文献3、4)。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本特开2017-186335号公报
专利文献2：日本特开2017-114888号公报
专利文献3：日本特开平6-141813号公报
专利文献4：国际公开第2017/022030号
发明内容
发明所要解决的问题
但是，苦瓜的提取物具有预防和/或治愈神经退行性疾病的效果这一点尚属未知。
本发明涉及新的神经退行性疾病的预防剂和/或治疗剂、以及含有该预防剂和/或治疗剂的药物组合物。适用对象为人或者包括狗、猫在内的宠物、牛、猪等家畜等动物。
用于解决问题的方法
本发明人为了解决上述课题进行了深入研究，结果发现，苦瓜的提取物具有抑制作为以阿尔茨海默病为代表的神经退行性疾病的病因的、Tau蛋白、β-淀粉样蛋白的聚集的作用，从而完成了本发明。
即，本发明涉及下述[1]～[7]。
[1]一种神经退行性疾病的预防剂和/或治疗剂，其含有苦瓜的提取物作为有效成分。
[2]根据上述[1]所述的预防剂和/或治疗剂，其用于治疗或预防选自阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、唐氏综合征、Tau蛋白病和路易体痴呆中的疾病。
[3]一种组合物，其含有上述[1]或[2]所述的预防剂和/或治疗剂。
[4]根据上述[3]所述的组合物，其为药物组合物。
[5]根据上述[3]所述的组合物，其为饮食品组合物。
[6]根据上述[3]所述的组合物，其为化妆料组合物。
[7]根据上述[3]～[6]中任一项所述的组合物，其用于预防和/或治疗阿尔茨海默病。
发明效果
本发明的神经退行性疾病的预防剂和/或治疗剂通过蛋白质的聚集抑制作用等而发挥抑制认知功能障碍的发病和/或发展这样的优良效果。
附图说明
图1为示出调查Tau蛋白的聚集抑制而得到的结果的图。
图2为示出调查β-淀粉样蛋白的聚集抑制而得到的结果的图。
具体实施方式
本发明的神经退行性疾病的预防剂和/或治疗剂含有苦瓜的提取物作为有效成分，以下，有时也将苦瓜的提取物记作苦瓜提取物或本发明的提取物。另外，也有时将本发明的神经退行性疾病的预防剂和/或治疗剂简单地记作本发明的预防剂和/或治疗剂。
作为本发明中的神经退行性疾病，没有特别限定，可列举由于蛋白质在神经细胞中聚集而造成损伤的疾病。以下列举作为神经退行性疾病之一的阿尔茨海默病作为例子来说明本发明。
阿尔茨海默病是以由β-淀粉样蛋白形成的老年斑和由Tau蛋白形成的神经原纤维缠结的形成、以及随着这些而发展的脑萎缩为特征性病变的神经退行性疾病。β-淀粉样蛋白通过形成蛋白聚集体、在组织中沉积而引起功能障碍。另外，作为向组织中聚集沉积、引起功能障碍的蛋白质，还已知有磷酸化Tau蛋白。在这样的状况下，由于本发明的提取物显示出上述的蛋白质的聚集抑制作用，因此启示，对抑制阿尔茨海默病的发病、发展有效，进而对神经退行性疾病、例如由于蛋白质在神经细胞中聚集而造成损伤的疾病有效。
本发明的提取物以苦瓜为原料，只要是对该植物实施人为处理而得到的物质就没有特别限定，例如除了提取物(extract)以外还包括精油(例如水蒸气蒸馏物、榨汁液、压榨物、溶剂提取物、超临界流体提取物)。这些可以单独使用一种或者组合使用两种以上。
本发明中使用的苦瓜的产地没有特别限定，可以是从欧洲、北非、亚洲、南北美等任何产地获得的苦瓜。例如，也可以是日本的产地，可以使用平户产等的苦瓜。
关于使用的部位，可以使用例如根茎、叶、果实、种子、花、或植物整体，也可以以这些的裁断物、破碎物、干燥物等加工品的形式使用。
本发明中使用的提取物可以如下得到：使用上述的苦瓜，按照公知的方法利用溶剂进行提取，馏去溶剂，由此而得到。
作为提取溶剂，可以将例如低级醇(甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇等)、多元醇(乙二醇、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇等)、酮(丙酮、甲乙酮等)、醚(二氧杂环己烷、甲乙醚、乙醚等)、卤代烃(氯仿、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷等)、极性溶剂(二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜等)、以及乙酸乙酯、甲苯、正己烷、石油醚等各种有机溶剂、或者水等各自单独使用或组合使用两种以上。
提取温度根据所使用的溶剂、植物的部位/形态等而不能笼统地设定，从提取效率的观点出发，作为下限，可列举4℃，作为上限，可列举150℃。本发明中，如果在上述的温度范围内则可以适宜地设定上限值、下限值，例如，可以将10℃、15℃、20℃、30℃、40℃、60℃、80℃、100℃、120℃、140℃等设定为上限值或下限值。提取时间可以根据供于提取的原料的使用量、装置来适宜设定。
需要说明的是，对于通过提取得到的提取物，可以按照公知的方法进行选自由过滤、离心分离、浓缩、超滤、冷冻干燥、粉末化和分级组成的组中的一种或两种以上的处理。另外，可以根据需要在常压下或减压下进行上述处理。作为本发明的提取物的一个方式，包括上述处理物。需要说明的是，已知苦瓜含有奎宁，但是奎宁会发挥视神经障碍、血液障碍等副作用，因此本发明的提取物优选实质上不含奎宁。因此，本发明中，在得到提取物时可以按照公知的方法去除奎宁或者可以使用不含奎宁的品种作为原料来得到提取物，也可以将这些方式进行组合。在此，实质上不含只要是提取物中的含量为0.5重量％以下即可，优选为0.1重量％以下。
这样得到的提取物中，优选包含苦瓜素、苦瓜亭、维生素C、β-胡萝卜素、钾、镁、铁分、钠、钙等。另外，除了上述以外，还可包含例如生物碱、阿拉伯糖苷噻啶(Charine)、隐黄素、南瓜子氨酸、葫芦素、葫芦烷、环阿屯醇、薯蓣皂苷元、桐油酸、高根二醇、半乳糖醛酸、龙胆酸、Goyaglycoside、Goyasaponin、鸟苷酸环化酶抑制物、丝石竹皂苷元、羟基色胺、栝楼萜二醇(Karounidiol)、羊毛甾醇、月桂酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、苦瓜子甙(Momorcharaside)、苦瓜子蛋白(Momorcharin)、Momordenol、Momordicilin、Momordicinin、苦瓜皂苷(Momordicoside)、苦瓜蛋白(Momordin)、Multiflorenol、肉豆蔻酸、橙花叔醇、齐墩果酸、油酸、恶喹酸、十五烷、肽、岩芹酸、多肽、蛋白质、核糖体失活蛋白、迷迭香酸、玉红黄质、菠菜甾醇、甾体糖苷、豆甾二醇(stigmastadiol)、豆甾醇、蒲公英赛醇、海藻糖、胰蛋白酶抑制物、尿嘧啶、Vatine、胰岛素、毛蕊花糖苷、蚕豆嘧啶葡萄糖苷、玉米素、玉米素核苷、玉米黄质(Zeaxanthin)、α-玉米黄质(Zeinoxanthin)等。这些的含量没有特别限定，可以将分配萃取、浓缩、色谱纯化等处理组合进行而改变提取物中的各成分的含量。
本发明的提取物的形状没有特别限定，可以为粉状、固体状、液状中的任一形状。另外，也可以将通过公知的方法将该提取物造粒而得的粒状的固体物作为本发明的提取物来使用。作为造粒方法，没有特别限定，可例示滚动造粒、搅拌造粒、流化床造粒、气流造粒、挤出造粒、压缩成型造粒、破碎造粒、喷射造粒或喷雾造粒等。另外，作为液状的提取物，可例示通过上述提取物的制造方法得到的液体本身、其浓缩物或稀释物、以及使上述粉状的提取物溶解于液体、例如水、醇等中而成为液状的提取物。
本发明的预防剂和/或治疗剂只要含有苦瓜的提取物作为有效成分就没有特别限定，该制剂中的苦瓜提取物的含量可例示例如0.1～100重量％。
本发明的预防剂和/或治疗剂能够抑制β-淀粉样蛋白、Tau蛋白等神经细胞中的聚集性蛋白的聚集。作为聚集性蛋白，除了β-淀粉样蛋白、Tau蛋白以外还可列举α-突触核蛋白。因此，本发明的预防剂和/或治疗剂能够用于预防、改善或治疗例如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、唐氏综合征、Tau蛋白病(例如嗜银颗粒痴呆、神经原纤维缠结型老年痴呆、进行性核上性麻痹、皮质基底节变性、皮克病)、路易体痴呆等。另外，对于显示出上述疾病的症状作为次要症状的其它疾病，也可以适合使用本发明的预防剂和/或治疗剂。作为其它疾病，具体可列举例如系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)。
作为本发明的预防剂和/或治疗剂的形态，只要是能够使本发明的提取物作用于脑内的神经细胞的形态就没有特别限定，可以直接制剂化或制备成能够用于药品、医药部外品、饮食品、饮食品用添加剂、化妆品等的原材料的形态。
另外，本发明提供含有本发明的预防剂和/或治疗剂的组合物。作为该组合物的形态，只要是能够使本发明的提取物摄入神经细胞内的形态就没有特别限定，例如可以适合作为药物组合物、饮食品组合物或化妆料组合物来使用。
作为药物组合物，可广泛地作为药品、医药部外品等来利用。具体而言，可列举例如片剂(包括素片、糖衣片、薄膜包衣片、舌下片、口腔内崩解片、口含片等)、丸剂、散剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂(包括软胶囊剂、微胶囊剂)、含片剂、糖浆剂、液剂、乳剂、悬浊剂、控释制剂(例如速释性制剂、缓释性制剂、缓释性微胶囊剂)、气溶胶剂、膜剂(例如口腔内崩解膜、口腔粘膜贴膜)、经皮吸收型制剂、软膏剂、洗剂、贴剂、小丸、经鼻剂、经肺剂(吸入剂)等经口剂或非经口剂。本发明的药物组合物只要含有本发明的预防剂和/或治疗剂，则可以按照常规方法在可实现本发明的目的的范围内适宜地配合制剂领域中通常使用的载体、基剂和/或添加剂等来进行制备。
作为饮食品组合物，可以作为饮食品、饮食品用添加剂来广泛利用。具体而言，除了例如面包类、蛋糕类、面条类、点心类、果冻类、冷冻食品、冰激凌类、乳制品、饮料、汤类、食用油等各种食品以外还可列举果汁饮料、碳酸饮料、茶系饮料、运动饮料、乳饮料、酒精饮料、清凉饮料等。另外，饮食品还包括功能性标示食品、营养功能食品、特定保健用食品、特别用途食品、老人用食品、病人用食品、健康辅助食品(补充剂)。这些的形态没有特别限定，可以为上述的药品、医药部外品的经口给药型的形态。需要说明的是，这些可以为对现有的饮食品在制备时或制备后添加本发明的预防剂和/或治疗剂而成的组合物，添加时期、添加方法没有特别限定。
作为化妆料组合物，具体可例示例如洗涤剂、洗发水、染发剂、生发液、头发洗剂、须后水、身体乳、化妆水、洁面膏、按摩膏、润肤膏、气溶胶制品、芳香剂或入浴剂等。本发明的化妆料组合物只要含有本发明的预防剂和/或治疗剂，则可以在可实现本发明的目的的范围内按照常规方法适宜地配合该领域中通常使用的载体、基剂和/或添加剂等来进行制备。
本发明的组合物由于含有本发明的预防剂和/或治疗剂，因此能够适合用于本发明的预防剂和/或治疗剂发挥效果的疾病。例如，本发明的组合物可以适合作为阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、唐氏综合征、Tau蛋白病(例如嗜银颗粒痴呆、神经原纤维缠结型老年痴呆、进行性核上性麻痹、皮质基底节变性、皮克病)、路易体痴呆等的预防、改善或治疗用途来使用。例如，可以以含有苦瓜的提取物作为有效成分的神经退行性疾病的预防或改善用饮食品组合物的形式来提供。
本发明的组合物中的苦瓜提取物的含量根据形态、摄取方法、载体等而不同，例如，在制品中通常为0.01～100重量％、优选为0.05～90重量％、更优选为0.1～50重量％、进一步优选为0.1～30重量％。
组合物的摄取或使用量根据对象、症状、摄取或使用方法等而存在差异，例如，在经口给药的情况下，一般而言，例如对于体重约60kg的人而言，以苦瓜提取物的干燥重量计每1天为约0.01mg～约1000mg、优选为约0.1mg～约100mg、更优选为约0.5mg～约50mg。每1天的总给药量可以单次给药，也可以分多次给药。
另外，苦瓜一直被用于食用，本发明的组合物的安全性高，因此通过与例如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、唐氏综合征、Tau蛋白病(例如嗜银颗粒痴呆、神经原纤维缠结型老年痴呆、进行性核上性麻痹、皮质基底节变性、皮克病)、路易体痴呆、额颞叶变性、忧郁症、双相障碍、焦虑症、惊恐障碍、精神分裂症、自闭症、外源神经损伤、缺血性脑损伤等神经退行性疾病的公知治疗药物组合使用，可期待叠加效果或协同效果的提升。
进一步地，本发明也可以以含有本发明的预防剂和/或治疗剂的饲料或饲料添加剂的形式来实施。
另外，本发明提供包括向对象者给药本发明的预防剂和/或治疗剂的步骤的、神经退行性疾病的预防和/或治疗方法。作为神经退行性疾病，可列举适合使用本发明的预防剂和/或治疗剂的疾病。
另外，由于苦瓜提取物能够抑制蛋白的聚集，因此，作为本发明的一个方式，本发明提供苦瓜提取物在预防和/或治疗神经退行性疾病中的应用、以及苦瓜提取物在制造神经退行性疾病的预防和/或治疗剂中的应用。
实施例
以下通过实施例来详细说明本发明，但是本发明不受这些限定。
实施例1
受试物质如下制备：对苦瓜(平户产)的叶的乙醇提取物进行浓缩，用纯化水稀释，使得终浓度达到原液(苦瓜提取物)的20、200、2000倍稀释。
向得到的受试物质10μL中加入50mM Tris-HCl(pH7.6)150μL、100μM Tau蛋白(3RMBD)20μL、100μM肝素20μL，遮光后在37℃下温育16小时。温育结束后，向反应液135μL中添加100μM硫磺素T溶液15μL，用酶标仪测定荧光强度(图1)。按照下式由测定数值计算出Tau蛋白的聚集抑制率。将结果示于表1。
聚集抑制率(％)＝100-100×{(受试物质的测定值-自身荧光)/(阴性对照的测定值-自身荧光)}
[表1]
| 苦瓜提取物 | 聚集抑制率(％) |
| 2000倍稀释 | 63.3 |
| 200倍稀释 | 81.6 |
| 20倍稀释 | 86.7 |
结果，相对于阴性对照(N.C.)，苦瓜提取物抑制了Tau蛋白的聚集。另外，其效果也依赖于浓度。
实施例2
除了在稀释时使用PBS以外，与实施例1同样地制备受试物质。
向得到的受试物质25μL中加入底物液25μL，遮光后在37℃下温育24小时，所述底物液是向β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ1-42)(肽研究所、4349-v)中加入0.1％NH3水，溶解后，用PBS稀释到20μM而得的。温育结束后，向反应液中添加6μM ThT溶液50μL，用酶标仪测定荧光强度(图2)。由测定数值计算出β-淀粉样蛋白的聚集抑制率。将结果示于表2。
[表2]
| 苦瓜提取物 | 聚集抑制率(％) |
| 2000倍稀释 | 21.4 |
| 200倍稀释 | 29.5 |
| 20倍稀释 | 76.6 |
结果，相对于阴性对照(N.C.)，苦瓜提取物抑制了β-淀粉样蛋白的聚集。另外，其效果也依赖于浓度。
实施例3
让75岁的患有系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)的女性每天早晨服用2个含有苦瓜提取物2.5mg的胶囊，调查认知功能的改善程度。具体而言，对于(1)反复说同样的话、(2)深夜徘徊、(3)无法对话、(4)不能集中、(5)耳朵背这5个项目，调查与服用前相比有何种程度的改善。
结果确认，关于(1)～(4)，在1个月后改善了4成左右、2个月后改善了6成左右、3个月后改善了8成左右，与服用期间相应地得到了改善。另外确认，关于(5)，在3个月后改善了3～4成左右。
产业上的可利用性
本发明的预防剂和/或治疗剂具有抑制神经细胞中的蛋白质的聚集的保护作用，因此可以适合作为神经退行性疾病、尤其是阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、唐氏综合征、Tau蛋白病(例如嗜银颗粒痴呆、神经原纤维缠结型老年痴呆、进行性核上性麻痹、皮质基底节变性、皮克病)、路易体痴呆的预防剂和/或治疗剂使用。
Claims (7)
1.一种神经退行性疾病的预防剂和/或治疗剂，其含有苦瓜的提取物作为有效成分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的预防剂和/或治疗剂，其用于治疗或预防选自阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、唐氏综合征、Tau蛋白病和路易体痴呆中的疾病。
3.一种组合物，其含有权利要求1或2所述的预防剂和/或治疗剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的组合物，其为药物组合物。
5.根据权利要求3所述的组合物，其为饮食品组合物。
6.根据权利要求3所述的组合物，其为化妆料组合物。
7.根据权利要求3～6中任一项所述的组合物，其用于预防和/或治疗阿尔茨海默病。
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