CN112997731B - Plant root absorption data collection device and method - Google Patents
Plant root absorption data collection device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112997731B CN112997731B CN202110188960.5A CN202110188960A CN112997731B CN 112997731 B CN112997731 B CN 112997731B CN 202110188960 A CN202110188960 A CN 202110188960A CN 112997731 B CN112997731 B CN 112997731B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a plant root absorption data collecting device and a method, which comprises a positioning pipe, a nutrition maintaining part, a filling body and a detachable circulating structure, wherein the positioning pipe is formed by surrounding a left half pipe and a right half pipe which are symmetrical left and right, the nutrition maintaining part comprises a maintaining part shell, a maintaining cavity is formed in the maintaining part shell, a water solution for maintaining normal survival of the plant root is injected into the maintaining cavity, the filling body is porous sponge, and the detachable circulating structure comprises a liquid injection pump, a quantitative solution bottle, a circulating pipe and an air pump.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a device and a method for collecting absorption data of a plant root system.
Background
Fertilization refers to an agricultural technical measure of applying a fertilizer into soil or spraying the fertilizer on plants, providing nutrients required by the plants and maintaining and improving the soil fertility. The main purposes of fertilization are to increase crop yield, improve crop quality, fertilize soil and improve economic benefits, so that reasonable and scientific fertilization is one of the main means for guaranteeing grain safety and maintaining sustainable development of agriculture.
The main basis of fertilization is soil fertility level, crop type, target yield, climatic environment and fertilizer characteristics, so that a proper fertilizer is selected, the required fertilizer dosage is estimated, and fertilization time and fertilization mode are determined. According to different fertilization time, the method can be divided into base fertilizer and additional fertilizer, and according to different fertilization modes, the method can be divided into broadcast application, flushing application, hole application, strip application and the like; the spreading and the flushing are favorable for the diffusion of nutrients, the application is convenient, but the nutrient loss is large, and the utilization rate is lower; the hole application and strip application have less nutrient loss and high utilization rate, but certain mechanical energy is consumed; with the development of modern precision agriculture, precision fertilization is rapidly developed and becomes an important fertilization mode.
At present, the composition and the specific effect of nutrient absorption of a plant root system cannot be solved with high precision no matter the fertilizer is applied in a rough way or in a precise way. Taking nitrogen fertilizer application as an example, even in precision drip irrigation type fertilization, nitrogen element is only dissolved in water and dripped to the root of the plant at a fixed speed, and how much nitrogen element is absorbed by the root system of the plant is unknown.
With the increasing popularization of soilless culture, it is very necessary to know in detail how much nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are needed to be supplemented to different plants at different periods and how to match different elements in particular to be the best choice. To obtain the above information, a corresponding device and method for accurately measuring the absorption data of the plant root system are necessary. This field is still blank at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems mentioned in the background technology and provides a plant root absorption data collecting device and a method which can accurately measure the amount of a plant root absorbing a certain element in a certain time in situ.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
plant roots absorbs data collection device, wherein: comprises a positioning tube, a nutrition maintaining part, a filling body and a detachable circulating structure, wherein,
the positioning tube is formed by enclosing a left half tube and a right half tube which are symmetrical left and right, a plant root system fixing cavity which is communicated up and down is formed in the middle of the positioning tube, the upper end of the positioning tube extends outwards to form a horizontal upper baffle plate, a magnet is fixed on the lower surface of the upper baffle plate, the lower end of the positioning tube extends outwards to form a horizontal lower baffle plate, a clamping protrusion is arranged on the upper part of the lower baffle plate, the plant root system can be inserted into the plant root system fixing cavity from an opening on the upper end of the plant root system fixing cavity, the upper part of the plant root system fixing cavity is provided with a circulating liquid inlet, the lower part of the plant root system fixing cavity is provided with a circulating liquid outlet, the inner cavity of the plant root system fixing cavity is provided with a plurality of transverse fixing grooves which are arranged at intervals up and down, the positioning pipe is provided with a plurality of maintaining through holes, the maintaining through holes transversely penetrate through the plant root system fixing cavity and the outer surface of the positioning pipe, and the outer surface of the positioning pipe is provided with a vertical sliding groove;
The nutrition maintaining part comprises a maintaining part shell, a maintaining cavity is formed in the maintaining part shell, an aqueous solution for maintaining normal survival of the plant root system is injected into the maintaining cavity, the maintaining part shell is attached to the outer surface of the positioning pipe and is positioned between the upper baffle and the lower baffle, a sliding protrusion is arranged on the side, close to the positioning pipe, of the maintaining part shell and can be clamped into the vertical sliding groove to slide, the maintaining part shell can slide up and down relative to the positioning pipe, the upper end of the maintaining part shell is made of ferromagnetic materials, the maintaining part shell can be mutually adsorbed with the magnet when sliding to the upper end of the self stroke of the maintaining part shell so as to be fixed with the upper baffle, a clamping groove matched with the clamping protrusion is arranged at the lower end of the maintaining part shell, the clamping groove can be clamped by the clamping protrusion when the maintaining part shell slides to the lower end of the self stroke of the maintaining part shell, the maintaining part shell is fixed with the lower baffle, maintaining cavity holes corresponding to the maintaining through holes one to one another, a diffusion cavernous body is arranged in the maintaining cavity, the diffusion cavernous body comprises a main body part, a connecting part and diffusion heads, the number of the main body parts is one, the main body part is positioned in the maintaining cavity, the number and the positions of the diffusion heads are in one-to-one correspondence with the number and the positions of the maintaining through holes, the diffusion heads are positioned in the plant root system fixing cavity, the diffusion head is integrally connected with the main body part through the connecting part which simultaneously passes through the maintaining cavity hole and the maintaining through hole, the connecting part is made of flexible material, the main body part can absorb the water solution in the maintaining cavity, when the maintaining part shell slides to the upper end of the self stroke, the maintaining cavity hole is aligned with the maintaining through hole, the main body part diffuses the aqueous solution to the diffusion head through the connecting part under the diffusion effect, when the maintaining part shell slides to the lower end of the self stroke, the maintaining cavity hole is staggered with the maintaining through hole, the connecting part is extruded, so that the aqueous solution cannot enter the diffusion head from the main body part, and the maintaining cavity is provided with a liquid injection port;
The filler is porous sponge, the filler is filled in the plant root system fixing cavity, a filler fixture block is arranged on the filler, the filler fixture block can be clamped in the transverse fixing groove, so that the filler is fixed in the plant root system fixing cavity, the root hairs of the plant root system can extend into the pores of the filler, the filler is in close contact with the diffusion head, and water solution is absorbed from the diffusion head, so that the filler is kept moist;
the detachable circulating structure comprises a liquid injection pump, a quantitative solution bottle, a circulating pipe and an air pump, wherein two ends of the circulating pipe can be respectively connected to a circulating liquid inlet and a circulating liquid outlet, the liquid injection pump and the quantitative solution bottle are respectively connected to the circulating pipe, the liquid injection pump can pump the solution in the quantitative solution bottle into a plant root system fixing cavity through the circulating liquid inlet, the solution flowing out of the circulating liquid outlet flows back to the quantitative solution bottle through the circulating pipe, the air pump is connected to the circulating pipe close to the circulating liquid inlet and used for injecting air into the circulating liquid inlet, an air outlet is formed in the upper end of the quantitative solution bottle, a one-way valve is installed on the air outlet and allows the gas in the quantitative solution bottle to be discharged, and the external gas is not allowed to enter the quantitative solution bottle.
In order to optimize the technical scheme, the specific measures adopted further comprise:
Half pipe in foretell left side and half pipe in the right side are fixed together through the form of gluing, surround out the fixed chamber of plant roots jointly, and it is sealed fixed through the mode of gluing between the upper end opening in the fixed chamber of plant roots and the plant roots, and the lower extreme opening in the fixed chamber of plant roots passes through glued membrane or plastic film seal.
The lower end of the maintaining cavity is provided with a liquid pumping hole.
The liquid injection port and the liquid extraction hole are normally closed ports.
The left half pipe and the right half pipe are transparent plastic pipes.
Scales are arranged on the quantitative solution bottle.
The method for collecting the absorption data of the plant root system is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing an experimental field, replacing soil in the field with uniform culture soil, and planting target plants on the culture soil;
step two, when the plants grow to a certain stage, selecting the plants with similar growth vigor as experimental plants, removing other plants, removing part of soil at the roots of the experimental plants to expose part of the roots of the experimental plants, selecting a branch root with a proper size as an experimental root, cleaning the experimental root to ensure that no soil adheres to the surface of the experimental root, and burying the rest exposed roots into the soil again;
step three, the left half pipe and the right half pipe are embraced on the experimental root to enable the experimental root to be completely positioned in the plant root system fixing cavity, then the left half pipe and the right half pipe are fixed into a whole by glue, and the upper end opening of the plant root system fixing cavity and the plant root system are tightly sealed by the glue, so that soil and moisture cannot enter the positioning pipe from positions except the circulating liquid inlet and the circulating liquid outlet;
Sliding the nutrition maintaining part to the upper end of the self stroke, fixing the nutrition maintaining part with a magnet, mixing rooting water in an aqueous solution which is injected into a maintaining cavity of the nutrition maintaining part for the first time, allowing the aqueous solution to enter a filling body through a diffusion sponge body under the diffusion effect, allowing experimental roots to grow fibrous roots under the effect of the rooting water, and pricking the fibrous roots into the diffusion sponge body to be tightly fixed with the diffusion sponge body; with the consumption of the aqueous solution, the aqueous solution subsequently injected into the maintaining cavity does not contain rooting water components any more;
before the test, sliding the nutrition maintaining part to the lower end of the self stroke, enabling the maintaining cavity hole to be staggered with the maintaining through hole, extruding the connecting part to enable the aqueous solution not to enter the positioning pipe, pumping the aqueous solution in the maintaining cavity out of the liquid pumping hole, continuously filling clear water into the positioning pipe through the circulating liquid inlet, enabling the water and the air to flow out through the circulating liquid outlet, considering that the liquid in the positioning pipe is completely clear water after a certain time, preparing the test aqueous solution containing known target element concentration, injecting the test aqueous solution into a quantitative solution bottle, connecting two ends of the circulating pipe to the circulating liquid inlet and the circulating liquid outlet, starting the liquid injection pump, enabling the quantitative solution bottle and the positioning pipe to form liquid circulation for a plurality of times in a short time, and enabling the quantitative solution bottle and the aqueous solution in the positioning pipe to be uniformly mixed;
Extracting a small amount of liquid in a quantitative solution bottle, detecting the concentration of a target element, and further calculating the volume of a positioning tube; the specific algorithm is as follows:
namely, it is
In the formula, VInjection ofVolume of test aqueous solution to be injected into a quantitative solution bottle, V1V is known by the scale on the quantitative solution bottle for quantifying the volume of the solution in the solution bottlePositioning tubeTo locate the tube volume, VCirculation pipeThe content of the aqueous solution remaining in the circulation pipe and the liquid injection pump, rho1For the test aqueous solution injected into the dosing solution bottle, the target element concentration, rho2Extracting the target element concentration of the liquid in a small quantity of quantitative solution bottles in the sixth step;
step seven, starting the air pump, reducing the power of the liquid injection pump, enabling the air mixing test aqueous solution to continuously flow circularly between the quantitative solution bottle and the positioning pipe, and keeping the air mixing test aqueous solution until the experiment is finished;
step eight, when the experiment is finished, the air pump is closed, the power of the liquid injection pump is improved, and the quantitative solution bottle and the positioning pipe form liquid circulation for a plurality of times in a short time, so that the air in the positioning pipe is flushed, and the positioning pipe is filled with the aqueous solution;
step nine, extracting a small amount of liquid in a quantitative solution bottle, detecting the concentration of the target element, and further calculating the content of the target element absorbed by the plant root system; the specific algorithm is as follows:
MInjection of＝VInjection ofρ1
MAbsorption of＝MInjection of-MRemainder of
In the formula, MInjection ofFor the content of the target element of the test water injected into the quantitative solution bottle, MRemainder ofM is the content of the residual target elements in the solution bottle, the circulating pipe, the liquid injection pump and the positioning pipe at the end of the experimentAbsorption ofContent of target element, rho, for experimental root absorption during the experiment3For extracting small quantity of quantitative solution in the ninth stepTarget element concentration of liquid, V2To quantify the volume of test aqueous solution remaining in the solution bottle.
The target element includes nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. planting target plants on the culture soil by replacing the soil in the field with uniform culture soil; then, the plants with similar growth vigor are selected as experimental plants, and the root systems with similar growth vigor are selected as experimental root systems, so that experimental groups and control groups with similar growth conditions can be obtained, and the difference of the growth vigor of the plant root systems after absorbing the target elements can be favorably observed subsequently.
2. The invention collects the absorption data of the plant root system in situ, most roots of the plant are not affected, and the growth state of the plant is ensured, so that the collected absorption data of the plant root system is more real and reliable.
3. The experimental root system is surrounded by the left half pipe and the right half pipe which are bilaterally symmetrical, so that the influence of external soil on the plant roots in the positioning pipe is avoided, the normal survival of the plant roots in the positioning pipe is kept through the nutrition maintaining part, the experimental roots can be used for a long time, and after a certain experiment is finished, the device can be always kept on the plant root system for waiting for the next experiment to be used continuously, so that the cost is effectively reduced.
4. The invention arranges the filling body in the positioning tube, the filling body is porous sponge, and has double functions: firstly, water and air are kept, so that the plant root system is always in a water and oxygen state, and the plant root system can normally survive, and secondly, a fixing base is provided, so that fibrous roots of the plant can be fixed in the porous sponge, the plant root system can resist water flow impact in an experiment, and a normal extension state is kept; in order to improve the capability of rooting the fibrous roots of the plants, when the roots of the plants are placed in the positioning tube, the invention also mixes rooting water in the aqueous solution of the first injection of the nutrition maintaining part to promote the rooting of the plants, and after the rooting condition of the plants reaches the preset value, the subsequent injection is not added with the rooting water any more.
5. The plant root absorption data collecting device has two states of a survival maintaining state and an experimental state, and is convenient to switch, under the survival maintaining state, the aqueous solution of the nutrition maintaining part enters the filling body through the diffusion sponge body to ensure that the plant root obtains necessary water, under the experimental state, the aqueous solution of the nutrition maintaining part is cut off and cannot enter the positioning tube, and a detachable circulating structure is used for providing the aqueous solution doped with target elements and air for the plant root in the positioning tube instead, so that the operation is convenient; the invention provides water solution for plants and fresh air, and ensures that the root system of the plants cannot be necrotized due to oxygen deficiency.
6. The positioning tube is washed before the experiment, and the solution remained in the positioning tube originally is removed, so that the positioning tube is filled with clear water when the experiment is started, and the experimental data is ensured to be free from interference, real and reliable.
7. The invention provides a measuring and calculating method for detecting the amount of target elements absorbed by a plant root system within a preset time.
8. The device can be used for detecting the plant absorption data of various elements and compounds, and has wide universality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a positioning tube of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the inner side structure of the left half pipe or the right half pipe;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the installation of the packing body in the positioning tube;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the side of the nutrition-sustaining portion that is attached to the positioning tube;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the side of the nutrient maintenance portion facing away from the positioning tube;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the nutrient maintenance portion mounted on the positioning tube;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of the nutrition-supporting part in cooperation with the positioning tube in the survival-supporting state;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of the portion A of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of the portion B of FIG. 7;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing the structure of the nutrition-supporting part and the positioning tube in an experimental state;
FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of the structure of the portion C in FIG. 10;
FIG. 12 is an enlarged view of the structure of section D of FIG. 10;
fig. 13 is a state diagram of the use of the present invention.
The label names in the figure: the plant root system fixing device comprises a positioning pipe 1, a left half pipe 11, a right half pipe 12, a plant root system fixing cavity 1a, an upper baffle plate 1b, a magnet 1c, a clamping protrusion 1d, a circulating liquid inlet 1e, a circulating liquid outlet 1f, a transverse fixing groove 1g, a maintaining through hole 1h, a vertical sliding groove 1i, a lower baffle plate 1j, a nutrition maintaining part 2, a maintaining part shell 21, a maintaining cavity 22, a sliding protrusion 23, a clamping groove 24, a diffusion sponge body 25, a main body part 25a, a connecting part 25b, a diffusion head 25c, a liquid injection port 26, a liquid pumping hole 27, a filling body 3, a detachable circulating structure 4, a liquid injection pump 41, a quantitative solution bottle 42, a circulating pipe 43 and an air pump 44.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The plant roots of this embodiment absorbs data collection device, wherein: comprises a positioning tube 1, a nutrition maintaining part 2, a filling body 3 and a detachable circulating structure 4, wherein,
the positioning tube 1 is formed by enclosing a left half tube 11 and a right half tube 12 which are symmetrical left and right, a plant root system fixing cavity 1a which is communicated up and down is formed in the middle of the positioning tube 1, a horizontal upper baffle 1b is formed by extending the upper end of the positioning tube 1 outwards, a magnet 1c is fixed on the lower surface of the upper baffle 1b, a horizontal lower baffle 1j is formed by extending the lower end of the positioning tube 1 outwards, a clamping bulge 1d is arranged on the upper part of the lower baffle 1j, a plant root system can be inserted into the plant root system fixing cavity 1a from the upper end opening of the plant root system fixing cavity 1a, a circulating liquid inlet 1e is arranged on the upper part of the plant root system fixing cavity 1a, a circulating liquid outlet 1f is arranged on the lower part of the plant root system fixing cavity 1a, a plurality of transverse fixing grooves 1g are arranged on the inner cavity of the plant root system fixing cavity 1a at intervals up and down, a plurality of maintaining through holes 1h are arranged on the positioning tube 1, the through hole 1h is maintained to transversely penetrate through the plant root system fixing cavity 1a and the outer surface of the positioning tube 1, and the outer surface of the positioning tube 1 is provided with a vertical sliding chute 1 i;
The nutrition maintaining part 2 comprises a maintaining part shell 21, a maintaining cavity 22 is formed in the maintaining part shell 21, a water solution for keeping the plant root system to normally survive is injected into the maintaining cavity 22, the maintaining part shell 21 is attached to the outer surface of the positioning tube 1 and is positioned between an upper baffle 1b and a lower baffle 1j, a sliding protrusion 23 is arranged on the side, close to the positioning tube 1, of the maintaining part shell 21, the sliding protrusion 23 can be clamped into a vertical sliding groove 1i to slide, so that the maintaining part shell 21 can slide up and down relative to the positioning tube 1, the upper end of the maintaining part shell 21 is made of ferromagnetic materials, the maintaining part shell 21 can be mutually adsorbed with a magnet 1c when sliding to the upper end of the self stroke, so as to be fixed with the upper baffle 1b, a clamping groove 24 matched with a clamping protrusion 1d is arranged at the lower end of the maintaining part shell 21, when sliding to the maintaining part shell 21 to the lower end of the self stroke, the clamping groove 24 can be clamped by the clamping protrusion 1d, so that the maintaining part shell 21 is fixed with the lower baffle 1j, the maintaining cavity 22 is provided with maintaining cavity holes corresponding to the maintaining through holes 1h one by one on the side close to the positioning tube 1, a diffusion sponge 25 is placed in the maintaining cavity 22, the diffusion sponge 25 comprises a main body part 25a, a connecting part 25b and a diffusion head 25c, the main body part 25a is one and is positioned in the maintaining cavity 22, the number and the position of the diffusion head 25c are corresponding to the number and the position of the maintaining through holes 1h one by one, the diffusion head 25c is positioned in the plant root system fixing cavity 1a, the diffusion head 25c is integrally connected with the main body part 25a through the connecting part 25b, the connecting part 25b simultaneously penetrates through the maintaining cavity holes and the maintaining through holes 1h, the connecting part 25b is made of flexible material, the main body part 25a can absorb the aqueous solution in the maintaining cavity 22, when the maintaining part shell 21 slides to the upper end of the self stroke, the maintaining cavity holes are aligned with the maintaining through holes 1h, and the main body part 25a performs diffusion function, the aqueous solution is diffused to the diffusion head 25c through the connecting part 25b, when the maintaining part shell 21 slides to the lower end of the self stroke, the maintaining cavity hole is staggered with the maintaining through hole 1h, the connecting part 25b is pressed, the aqueous solution can not enter the diffusion head 25c from the main body part 25a, and the maintaining cavity 22 is provided with a liquid injection port 26;
The filler 3 is porous sponge, the filler 3 is filled in the plant root system fixing cavity 1a, a filler fixture block is arranged on the filler 3, the filler fixture block can be clamped in the transverse fixing groove 1g, so that the filler 3 is fixed in the plant root system fixing cavity 1a, the root hairs of the plant root system can extend into the pores of the filler 3, the filler 3 is in close contact with the diffusion head 25c, and the aqueous solution is absorbed from the diffusion head 25c, so that the filler 3 is kept moist;
the detachable circulation structure 4 comprises a liquid injection pump 41, a quantitative solution bottle 42, a circulation pipe 43 and an air pump 44, wherein two ends of the circulation pipe 43 can be respectively connected to a circulation liquid inlet 1e and a circulation liquid outlet 1f, the liquid injection pump 41 and the quantitative solution bottle 42 are both connected to the circulation pipe 43, the liquid injection pump 41 can pump the solution in the quantitative solution bottle 42 into the plant root system fixing cavity 1a through the circulation liquid inlet 1e, the solution flowing out from the circulation liquid outlet 1f flows back into the quantitative solution bottle 42 through the circulation pipe 43, the air pump 44 is connected to the circulation pipe 43 close to the circulation liquid inlet 1e and is used for injecting air into the circulation liquid inlet 1e, an air outlet 42a is formed in the upper end of the quantitative solution bottle 42, a one-way valve is installed on the air outlet 42a and allows the air in the quantitative solution bottle 42 to be discharged, and does not allow the external air to enter the quantitative solution bottle 42.
In the embodiment, the left half pipe 11 and the right half pipe 12 are fixed together through the form of gluing, surround out the fixed chamber of plant roots 1a jointly, and the upper end opening of the fixed chamber of plant roots 1a is sealed fixed through the mode of gluing between with plant roots, and the lower extreme opening of the fixed chamber of plant roots 1a is sealed through glued membrane or plastic film.
In the embodiment, the lower end of the maintaining cavity 22 is provided with a liquid pumping hole 27.
In the embodiment, the liquid inlet 26 and the liquid outlet 27 are both normally closed.
In the embodiment, the left half tube 11 and the right half tube 12 are transparent plastic tubes.
In the embodiment, the quantitative solution bottle 42 is provided with a scale.
The method for collecting the absorption data of the plant root system is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing an experimental field, replacing soil in the field with uniform culture soil, and planting target plants on the culture soil;
step two, when the plants grow to a certain stage, selecting the plants with similar growth vigor as experimental plants, removing other plants, removing part of soil at the roots of the experimental plants to expose part of the roots of the experimental plants, selecting a branch root with a proper size as an experimental root, cleaning the experimental root to ensure that no soil adheres to the surface of the experimental root, and burying the rest exposed roots into the soil again;
Step three, the left half pipe 11 and the right half pipe 12 are embraced on the experimental root to enable the experimental root to be completely positioned in the plant root system fixing cavity 1a, then the left half pipe 11 and the right half pipe 12 are fixed into a whole by glue, the upper end opening of the plant root system fixing cavity 1a and the plant root system are tightly sealed by the glue, and soil and moisture cannot enter the positioning pipe 1 from positions except the circulating liquid inlet 1e and the circulating liquid outlet 1 f;
sliding the nutrition maintaining part 2 to the upper end of the self stroke, fixing the nutrition maintaining part with the magnet 1c, mixing rooting water in the water solution which is injected into the maintaining cavity 22 of the nutrition maintaining part 2 for the first time, allowing the water solution to enter the filling body 3 through the diffusion sponge body 25 under the diffusion effect, allowing the experimental roots to grow fibrous roots under the effect of the rooting water, penetrating into the diffusion sponge body 25, and tightly fixing the experimental roots with the diffusion sponge body 25; as the aqueous solution is consumed, the aqueous solution subsequently injected into the maintenance cavity 22 no longer contains rooting water components;
before the test, the nutrition maintaining part 2 slides to the lower end of the self stroke, the maintaining cavity hole is staggered with the maintaining through hole 1h, the connecting part 25b is extruded, the aqueous solution cannot enter the positioning pipe 1, the aqueous solution in the maintaining cavity 22 is pumped out from the liquid pumping hole 27, clean water is continuously filled into the positioning pipe 1 through the circulating liquid inlet 1e, water and air flow out through the circulating liquid outlet 1f, after a certain time, the liquid in the positioning pipe 1 is considered to be completely clean water, the test aqueous solution with known target element concentration is prepared and injected into the quantitative solution bottle 42, two ends of the circulating pipe 43 are connected to the circulating liquid inlet 1e and the circulating liquid outlet 1f, the liquid injection pump 41 is started, the quantitative solution bottle 42 and the positioning pipe 1 form liquid circulation for a plurality of times in a short time, and the aqueous solution in the quantitative solution bottle 42 and the positioning pipe 1 is uniformly mixed;
Extracting a small amount of liquid in the quantitative solution bottle 42, detecting the concentration of the target element, and further calculating the volume of the positioning tube 1; the specific algorithm is as follows:
namely that
In the formula, VInjection ofVolume of test aqueous solution, V, to be injected into the quantitative solution bottle 421V is indicated by the scale on the quantitative solution bottle 42 in order to quantify the volume of the solution in the bottle 42Positioning tubeTo locate the volume of the tube 1, VCirculation pipeThe content of the aqueous solution remaining in the circulation pipe and the liquid injection pump, rho1Target elemental concentration, rho, of the test aqueous solution for injection into the dosing solution bottle 422Extracting the target element concentration of the liquid in the small quantitative solution bottle 42 in the sixth step;
step seven, the air pump 44 is started, the power of the liquid injection pump 41 is reduced, the air mixing test aqueous solution continuously circularly flows between the quantitative solution bottle 42 and the positioning pipe 1, and the air mixing test aqueous solution is kept until the test is finished;
step eight, when the experiment is finished, the air pump 44 is closed, the power of the liquid injection pump 41 is increased, and the quantitative solution bottle 42 and the positioning tube 1 form liquid circulation for a plurality of times in a short time, so that the air in the positioning tube 1 is flushed, and the positioning tube 1 is filled with water solution;
step nine, extracting a small amount of liquid in the quantitative solution bottle 42, detecting the concentration of the target element, and further calculating the content of the target element absorbed by the plant root system; the specific algorithm is as follows:
MInjection into＝VInjection intoρ1
MAbsorption of＝MInjection into-MRemains of
In the formula, MInjection ofFor the content of the test water target element, M, injected into the quantitative solution bottle 42Remainder ofFor quantification at the end of the experimentThe content, M, of the target element remaining in the solution bottle 42, the circulation pipe, the liquid-injection pump, and the positioning pipe 1Absorption ofContent of target element, rho, for experimental root absorption during the experiment3For the target element concentration, V, of the liquid in the small quantitative solution bottle 42 extracted in the ninth step2To quantify the volume of test aqueous solution remaining in the solution bottle.
In an embodiment, the target element comprises nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium.
The device is particularly suitable for the root absorption detection of fruit trees, and is worth saying that in the experiment, the use of the test aqueous solution with known target element concentration is only equivalent to the 'fertilization' of the plant root system, and the target element is actually present in the soil and only has the content lower than that of the test aqueous solution. In order to know the influence of the type and amount of fertilizer application on the plant growth in a preset time, the device of the invention needs to compare the growth situations of plants applied with different element or compound test aqueous solutions and the growth situations of plants applied with different concentration test aqueous solutions in subsequent experiments, and finally obtains the most favorable concentration of the element or compound applied to the plant growth in a certain time period. The experimental result can provide important scientific support for soilless culture of plants. The apparatus and method of the present invention, in turn, make the experiment itself possible.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. Plant roots absorbs data collection device, characterized by: comprises a positioning tube (1), a nutrition maintaining part (2), a filling body (3) and a detachable circulating structure (4),
registration arm (1) surround by bilateral symmetry's left half pipe (11) and right half pipe (12) and constitute, registration arm (1) in the middle of be formed with the fixed chamber of plant root system (1a) that link up from top to bottom, registration arm (1) upper end outside extension be formed with horizontally overhead gage (1b), the lower fixed surface of overhead gage (1b) have magnet (1c), registration arm (1) lower extreme outside extension be formed with horizontally lower baffle (1j), lower baffle (1j) upper portion be provided with card protruding (1d), plant root system can insert plant root system fixed chamber (1a) from plant root system fixed chamber (1a) upper end opening in (1a), plant root system fixed chamber (1a) upper portion seted up circulation liquid import (1e), circulation liquid export (1f) have been seted up to plant root system fixed chamber (1a) lower part, the inner chamber body of plant root system fixed chamber (1a) on seted up a plurality of horizontal fixed chamber (1g) ) The fixing device is characterized in that the transverse fixing grooves (1g) are arranged at intervals up and down, a plurality of maintaining through holes (1h) are formed in the positioning tube (1), the maintaining through holes (1h) transversely penetrate through the plant root system fixing cavity (1a) and the outer surface of the positioning tube (1), and a vertical sliding groove (1i) is formed in the outer surface of the positioning tube (1);
The nutrition maintaining part (2) comprises a maintaining part shell (21), a maintaining cavity (22) is formed in the maintaining part shell (21), a water solution for plant roots to keep normal survival is injected into the maintaining cavity (22), the maintaining part shell (21) is attached to the outer surface of the positioning tube (1) and is positioned between an upper baffle plate (1b) and a lower baffle plate (1j), a sliding protrusion (23) is arranged on the surface, close to the positioning tube (1), of the maintaining part shell (21), the sliding protrusion (23) can be clamped into the vertical sliding groove (1i) to slide, the maintaining part shell (21) can slide up and down relative to the positioning tube (1), the upper end of the maintaining part shell (21) is made of ferromagnetic materials, the maintaining part shell (21) can be mutually adsorbed with the magnet (1c) when sliding to the upper end of the self stroke, and is fixed with the upper baffle plate (1b), a clamping groove (24) matched with the clamping protrusion (1d) is arranged at the lower end of the maintaining part shell (21), when the maintaining part shell (21) slides to the lower end of the stroke of the maintaining part shell, the clamping groove (24) can be clamped by the clamping protrusion (1d), so that the maintaining part shell (21) is fixed with the lower baffle (1j), one side of the maintaining cavity (22) close to the positioning pipe (1) is provided with maintaining cavity holes corresponding to the maintaining through holes (1h) one by one, a diffusion sponge body (25) is placed in the maintaining cavity (22), the diffusion sponge body (25) comprises a main body part (25a), a connecting part (25b) and diffusion heads (25c), the main body part (25a) is one in number and is positioned in the maintaining cavity (22), the number and the position of the diffusion heads (25c) correspond to the number and the position of the maintaining through holes (1h) one by one, the diffusion heads (25c) are positioned in the plant root system fixing cavity (1a), and the diffusion heads (25c) are integrally connected with the main body part (25a) through the connecting part (25b), the connection part (25b) simultaneously penetrates through the maintaining cavity hole and the maintaining through hole (1h), the connection part (25b) is made of flexible materials, the main body part (25a) can absorb the water solution in the maintaining cavity (22), when the maintaining part shell (21) slides to the upper end of the self stroke, the maintaining cavity hole is aligned with the maintaining through hole (1h), the main body part (25a) diffuses the water solution to the diffusion head (25c) through the connection part (25b), when the maintaining part shell (21) slides to the lower end of the self stroke, the maintaining cavity hole is staggered with the maintaining through hole (1h), the connection part (25b) is extruded, so that the water solution cannot enter the diffusion head (25c) from the main body part (25a), and the maintaining cavity (22) is provided with a liquid injection port (26);
The plant root system fixing device is characterized in that the filler (3) is porous sponge, the filler (3) is filled in the plant root system fixing cavity (1a), a filler clamping block is arranged on the filler (3) and can be clamped in the transverse fixing groove (1g), so that the filler (3) is fixed in the plant root system fixing cavity (1a), root hairs of the plant root system can extend into pores of the filler (3), the filler (3) is tightly contacted with the diffusion head (25c) and absorbs water from the diffusion head (25c), and the filler (3) is kept moist;
dismantlement formula circulation structure (4) including infusion pump (41), ration solution bottle (42), circulating pipe (43) and air pump (44), the both ends of circulating pipe (43) can connect respectively on circulation liquid import (1e) and circulation liquid export (1f), infusion pump (41) and ration solution bottle (42) all connect on circulating pipe (43), infusion pump (41) can pump the solution in ration solution bottle (42) into fixed chamber of plant roots (1a) through circulation liquid import (1e), the solution that flows from circulation liquid export (1f) flows back to ration solution bottle (42) through circulating pipe (43), air pump (44) connect on circulating pipe (43) that are close to circulation liquid import (1e) for to inject the air into circulation liquid import (1e), the upper end of ration solution bottle (42) seted up gas outlet (42a), the air outlet (42a) is provided with a one-way valve, the one-way valve allows the gas in the quantitative solution bottle (42) to be discharged, and does not allow the external gas to enter the quantitative solution bottle (42).
2. The plant root absorption data collection device of claim 1, wherein: half pipe (11) on the left side and half pipe (12) on the right side are together fixed through the form of gluing, surround out fixed chamber of plant roots (1a) jointly, the fixed chamber of plant roots's upper end opening and plant roots between seal fixedly through the mode of gluing, the fixed chamber of plant roots's lower extreme opening pass through glued membrane or plastic film sealed.
3. The plant root absorption data collection device of claim 2, wherein: the lower end of the maintaining cavity (22) is provided with a liquid pumping hole (27).
4. The plant root absorption data collection device of claim 3, wherein: the liquid injection port (26) and the liquid extraction hole (27) are both normally closed ports.
5. The plant root absorption data collection device of claim 4, wherein: the left half pipe (11) and the right half pipe (12) are transparent plastic pipes.
6. The plant root absorption data collection device of claim 5, wherein: the quantitative solution bottle (42) is provided with scales.
7. A plant root absorption data collection method using the plant root absorption data collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
Firstly, preparing an experimental field, replacing soil in the field with uniform culture soil, and planting target plants on the culture soil;
step two, when the plants grow to a certain stage, selecting the plants with similar growth vigor as experimental plants, removing other plants, removing part of soil at the roots of the experimental plants to expose part of the roots of the experimental plants, selecting a branch root with a proper size as an experimental root, cleaning the experimental root to ensure that no soil adheres to the surface of the experimental root, and burying the rest exposed roots into the soil again;
step three, the left half pipe (11) and the right half pipe (12) are embraced on the experimental root to enable the experimental root to be completely positioned in the plant root system fixing cavity (1a), then the left half pipe (11) and the right half pipe (12) are fixed into a whole by glue, the upper end opening of the plant root system fixing cavity (1a) and the plant root system are sealed by the glue, and soil and moisture cannot enter the positioning pipe (1) from positions except the circulating liquid inlet (1e) and the circulating liquid outlet (1 f);
sliding the nutrition maintaining part (2) to the upper end of the self stroke, fixing the nutrition maintaining part with the magnet (1c), mixing rooting water in the water solution which is injected into the maintaining cavity (22) of the nutrition maintaining part (2) for the first time, enabling the water solution to enter the filling body (3) through the diffusion sponge body (25) under the diffusion effect, and enabling the experimental roots to grow fibrous roots under the effect of the rooting water, and pricking the fibrous roots into the diffusion sponge body (25) to be tightly fixed with the diffusion sponge body (25); as the aqueous solution is consumed, the aqueous solution subsequently injected into the maintenance cavity (22) does not contain rooting water components any more;
Step five, before the test, the nutrition maintaining part (2) slides to the lower end of the self stroke, the maintaining cavity hole is staggered with the maintaining through hole (1h), the connecting part (25b) is extruded to prevent the water solution from entering the positioning pipe (1), the water solution in the maintaining cavity (22) is pumped out from the liquid pumping hole (27), clean water is continuously filled into the positioning pipe (1) through the circulating liquid inlet (1e), water and air flow out through the circulating liquid outlet (1f), after a certain time, the liquid in the positioning pipe (1) is considered to be completely clean water, the test water solution containing known target element concentration is prepared and injected into a quantitative solution bottle (42), two ends of the circulating pipe (43) are connected to the circulating liquid inlet (1e) and the circulating liquid outlet (1f), the liquid injection pump (41) is started, the quantitative solution bottle (42) and the positioning pipe (1) form liquid circulation for a plurality of times in a short time, so that the water solution in the quantitative solution bottle (42) and the positioning tube (1) is uniformly mixed;
extracting a small amount of liquid in a quantitative solution bottle (42), detecting the concentration of a target element, and further calculating the volume of the positioning tube (1); the specific algorithm is as follows:
namely, it is
In the formula, VInjection ofVolume of test aqueous solution to be injected into a quantitative solution bottle (42), V1V is a value obtained by measuring the volume of the solution in the solution bottle (42) according to the scale on the solution bottle (42) Positioning tubeFor positioning the volume, V, of the tube (1)Circulation pipeThe content of the remaining aqueous solution, rho, in the circulation pipe and the infusion pump1For the test aqueous solution injected into the quantitative solution bottle (42) the target element concentration, rho2Extracting the target element concentration of the liquid in a small quantity of quantitative solution bottles (42) in the sixth step;
step seven, starting the air pump (44), reducing the power of the liquid injection pump (41), enabling the air mixing test aqueous solution to continuously flow circularly between the quantitative solution bottle (42) and the positioning pipe (1), and keeping the air mixing test aqueous solution until the experiment is finished;
step eight, when the experiment is finished, closing the air pump (44), improving the power of the liquid injection pump (41), and enabling the quantitative solution bottle (42) and the positioning pipe (1) to form liquid circulation for a plurality of times in a short time, so that the air in the positioning pipe (1) is flushed completely, and the positioning pipe (1) is filled with water solution;
step nine, extracting a small amount of liquid in a quantitative solution bottle (42), detecting the concentration of the target element, and further calculating the content of the target element absorbed by the plant root system; the specific algorithm is as follows:
Minjection of＝VInjection ofρ1
MAbsorption of＝MInjection of-MRemainder of
In the formula, MInjection ofBottle for quantitative solution injection(42) Content of target element of test water, MRemainder ofM is the content of the target elements left in the solution bottle (42), the circulating pipe, the liquid injection pump and the positioning pipe (1) at the end of the experiment Absorption ofContent of target element, rho, for experimental root absorption during the experiment3For the step nine, the target element concentration, V, of the liquid in the small quantitative solution bottle (42) is extracted2To quantify the volume of test aqueous solution remaining in the solution bottle.
8. The method of collecting plant root absorption data as set forth in claim 7, wherein: the target element comprises nitrogen or phosphorus or potassium.
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