CN112996387B - 使用聚烷氧基化氨基醇的难溶性活性成分的水性溶液 - Google Patents
使用聚烷氧基化氨基醇的难溶性活性成分的水性溶液 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112996387B CN112996387B CN201980074151.2A CN201980074151A CN112996387B CN 112996387 B CN112996387 B CN 112996387B CN 201980074151 A CN201980074151 A CN 201980074151A CN 112996387 B CN112996387 B CN 112996387B
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- MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229950002980 rafoxanide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000042094 ryanodine receptor (TC 1.A.3.1) family Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091052345 ryanodine receptor (TC 1.A.3.1) family Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003548 sec-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- UGNWTBMOAKPKBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(=O)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C1=O UGNWTBMOAKPKBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UBCKGWBNUIFUST-YHYXMXQVSA-N tetrachlorvinphos Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)O\C(=C/Cl)C1=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl UBCKGWBNUIFUST-YHYXMXQVSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BSYVTEYKTMYBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1CCCO1 BSYVTEYKTMYBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- OEJNXTAZZBRGDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N toxaphene Chemical compound ClC1C(Cl)C2(Cl)C(CCl)(CCl)C(=C)C1(Cl)C2(Cl)Cl OEJNXTAZZBRGDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IQGKIPDJXCAMSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazoxide Chemical compound N=1C2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2[N+]([O-])=NC=1N1C=CN=C1 IQGKIPDJXCAMSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXUAHZSKEQSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tribufos Chemical compound CCCCSP(=O)(SCCCC)SCCCC ZOKXUAHZSKEQSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCLDITPGPXSPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricamba Chemical compound COC1=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1C(O)=O WCLDITPGPXSPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001069 triethyl citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- VMYFZRTXGLUXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl citrate Natural products CCOC(=O)C(O)(C(=O)OCC)C(=O)OCC VMYFZRTXGLUXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013769 triethyl citrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KVEQCVKVIFQSGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tritosulfuron Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=NC(OC)=NC(NC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C(F)(F)F)=N1 KVEQCVKVIFQSGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- LESVOLZBIFDZGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N vamidothion Chemical compound CNC(=O)C(C)SCCSP(=O)(OC)OC LESVOLZBIFDZGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940124549 vasodilator Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003071 vasodilator agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003021 water soluble solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
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- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
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Abstract
公开了聚烷氧基化氨基醇的用途,其用于溶解难溶于水的活性化合物,所述活性化合物具体地包含农业活性物或药物活性物。还公开了包括此类活性物、水和所述聚烷氧基化氨基醇的组合物。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2018年12月11日提交的美国申请第62/777,816号的权益,所述美国申请通过引用以其整体并入本文。
技术领域
本发明的领域是使用聚烷氧基化氨基醇的难溶性活性成分的水性溶液。
背景技术
通常期望的是在水性溶液中利用某些类型的活性材料。例如,可能期望的是水性溶液中具有某些药物并且将某些药物分配在水性溶液中。作为另一实例,可能期望的是将如农药和除草剂等农业化学品以喷雾形式分配在水溶液中。然而,这些材料中的一些材料在提供有效剂量的浓度下是不可溶的。
已经提出了各种方法来获得各种水性稳定农业化学调配物(参见例如U.S.6,451,731;US 9,204,643;US20160235071;U.S.7,977,278;US 7,407,667;U.S.7,655,599;US20080312290和WO2012/18885)。已经提出用于溶解药物活性物的各种方法(参见例如U.S.9,592,294;U.S.7,776,360;“用于难溶性药物的新型赋形剂增溶剂(Novel ExcipientSolubilizers for Poorly Soluble Drugs)”,Kalantar等人,《国际缓释协会(ControlledRelease Society)》,2017年7月13-16日)。
然而,仍然需要控制水难溶性生物活性化合物的沉淀的有效手段。
发明内容
本文公开了聚烷氧基化氨基醇的用途,其用于增强难溶于水或水性介质的活性成分的溶解度。具体地,公开了一种组合物,所述组合物包括不溶于或难溶于水的生物活性化合物以及下式的聚烷氧基化氨基醇
其中R1、R2、R3和R4独立地选自具有1到25个碳的烷基、烯基、芳基、芳烷基或杂环基,R5为具有4到25个碳的二价烷基、烯基、芳基、芳烷基或杂环基,并且其中每个AO为具有氧化丙烯(PO)基和氧化乙烯(EO)基的聚氧化烯链,其中m为每AO基PO基的平均数量,并且n为每AO基EO基的平均数量,并且m为至少1,n为至少2,并且m+n不大于400。
具体实施方式
本文公开了聚烷氧基化氨基醇的用途,其用于增强水不溶性或难溶性生物活性化合物的可处理性或功效。生物活性化合物是通过与活生物体化学相互作用而对活生物体具有消极影响或积极影响的化合物。生物活性化合物包含:药物活性物(也被称为活性药物成分或API),所述药物活性物为用于人身体或动物身体的治疗性、诊断性或防治性药物治疗的任何物质和(例如药物);或农业活性成分,所述农业活性成分是用于在农业、园艺和病虫管理中用于保护作物、植物、结构、动物和人免受不期望的生物体,如真菌和细菌植物病原体、杂草、昆虫、螨虫、藻类、线虫等的影响的化学品。具体地,用于这些目的的活性成分包含杀真菌剂、杀细菌剂、除草剂、杀虫剂、杀螨剂、除藻剂、杀线虫剂和熏剂。术语“农业活性成分”还包含驱虫剂和引诱剂以及信息素、植物生理或结构的改性剂、游动孢子引诱剂以及除草剂安全剂。
如本文所用,如果生物活性化合物以使用期望的浓度沉淀或结晶,则其被视为难溶性的。例如,如果化合物在50mg/L的浓度或剂量下最有用,但在20mg/L时出现明显沉淀,则所述化合物将被视为是难溶性的。因此,生物活性化合物在水或水性介质中的溶解度可以高达1000、高达700、高达500、高达300、高达200、高达100、高达50、高达40、高达30、高达20或高达百万分之10。在替代方案中,生物活性化合物在水性介质或水中的溶解度可以高达50或高达20或高达10或高达1mg/L。生物活性物在水性介质中的溶解度可以定量地确定,例如通过如以下实例中示出的浊度或通过高压液相色谱。例如,在后一种方法中,将固体生物活性物(潜在地具有固体赋形剂)放置在水性介质中,在搅动一段时间之后,将样品注射到具有适当的柱的HPLC系统中,并且基于对照样品评估已知浓度的活性物在预期保留时间的面积。
聚烷氧基化氨基醇具有下式
其中R1、R2、R3和R4可以独立地选自1个或2个或3个或4个到25个或到15个到13或到12或到10个碳原子的烷基、2个或3个或4个到25个或到15个或到13个或到12个到10个碳原子的烯基、6个到24个或到12个碳原子的芳基、7个到25个或到12个碳原子的芳烷基或具有1-25个碳的杂环基,R5可以是4个到25个或到15个到13个或到12个或到10个碳原子的二价烷基、4个到25个或到15个到13或到12个或到10个碳原子的烯基、6个到24个或到12个碳原子的芳基、芳烷基7个到25个或到12个碳原子或具有4-25个碳的杂环基,并且其中每个AO为具有氧化丙烯(PO)基(例如,–(C3H6)-O-)和氧化乙烯(EO)基(例如,-C2H4O-)的聚氧化烯链。每个AO基中的PO基的数量可以相同或不同。每个AO基中的EO基的数量可以相同或不同。“m”为每AO基PO基的平均数量。“n”为每AO基EO基的平均数量。“m”至少为1,“n”至少为2,并且m+n不大于400。R1、R2、R3和R4可以独立地处于每个发生的烷基中。例如,R1、R2、R3和R4可以为丁基或乙基己基。R1、R2、R3和R4可以独立地处于每个发生的芳基、芳烷基中。R5可以是包括1个或2个芳环并且具有6个到25个或到20个或到18个碳原子(即6-25个或6-20个或6-18个碳原子)的二价基团,如二苯基、二苯基甲烷、二苯基乙烷等。例如,R5与相邻的氧可以是双酚A的衍生物。可替代地,R5可以是具有直链基团或环状基团或直链基团和环状基团的组合并且具有3个或4个到20个或到18个或到15个碳原子的脂肪族基团。例如,R5可以是2,2-亚异丙基二亚苯基、2,2-亚异丙基二亚环己基或1,4-亚丁基。
AO可以是嵌段型的,因为其可以具有富含EO的嵌段和富含PO的嵌段。富含EO的嵌段是指所述嵌段中的基团的多于50%、多于55%、多于60%、多于65%、多于70%、多于75%、多于80%、多于85%、多于90%或多于95%是EO基。富含EO的嵌段有助于确保良好的水溶解度。富含PO的嵌段是指所述嵌段中的基团的多于50%、多于55%、多于60%、多于65%、多于70%、多于75%、多于80%、多于85%、多于90%或多于95是PO基。可替代地,AO基可以是具有分开的EO嵌段和PO嵌段的嵌段共聚物。
在确定“m”和“n”时(例如通过NMR),可以确定PO基/分子和EO基/分子的总数量。然后,可以除以每分子AO基的数量以得到平均,所述平均为“m”和“n”。m的最小值可以为1、2、3、4、5、7、10、12、15、18或20。m的最大值可以为100、90、80、70、60或50。例如,m可以为1到100、1到90或5到90。n的最小值可以为2、3、4、5、10、15、20、25、30或40。n的最大值可以为150、130、110、100、90、80或70。m/n优选地<1。m+n的最小值可以为3、5、10、20、30、40或50并且最大值可以为400、350、300、250、200或150。
生物活性物(例如农业活性物)和聚烷氧基化氨基醇存在的重量比可以在10:1或5:1或1:1或1:2到1:100或到1:50或到1:20或到1:10或到1:5的范围内。生物活性物与聚烷氧基化氨基醇的摩尔比可以为1:1或1:2到1:20或到1:10。
组合物可以是在水性介质中包括生物活性物和聚烷氧基化氨基醇的液体。在所述情况下,生物活性物和聚烷氧基化氨基醇的组合的浓度为按重量计至少百万分之10或至少百万分之50或至少百万分之100或至少百万分之200(ppm)并且按重量计不多于百分之10或不多于百分之5或不多于百分之1(pph)。
在农业领域中,聚烷氧基化氨基醇的使用可以辅助水难溶性农业活性成分用于,例如,关于农田、果园等的喷雾应用中。例如,使用聚烷氧基化氨基醇可以抑制在使用水稀释溶剂基调配物的情况下将出现的闪速沉淀,或者可以增强固体活性物的溶解度。聚烷氧基化氨基醇的使用可以提供以下益处中的一个或多个益处,例如:1)与不含有聚烷氧基化氨基醇的系统相比,延长水性农业活性系统的稳定性;2)产生农业活性成分的受控沉淀,从而生成受控的细粒度分布;3)在不堵塞喷嘴并且呈现与不含有聚烷氧基化氨基醇的系统相比较慢的沉降速度的水性系统中,产生更细的农业活性成分颗粒、液滴或沉淀物;和/或4)阻碍和/或延迟产生喷雾应用的问题的大沉淀物的形成。另外,如果例如作用模式包含植物或动物吸收农业活性成分(所述吸收通过溶液中的更高浓度的活性物增强),或如果需要与通过微粒可获得的分布相比更均匀的分布,则增强的溶解度可以增强功效。
杀虫剂的实例包含抗生素类杀虫剂,如阿洛氨菌素(allosamidin)和苏云金素(thuringensin);大环内酯类杀虫剂,如多杀菌素(spinosad)、乙基多杀菌素(spinetoram)和21-丁烯基多杀菌素;阿维菌素类杀虫剂,如阿巴汀(abamectin)、多拉菌素(doramectin)、埃玛菌素(emamectin)、依普菌素(eprinomectin)、伊维菌素(ivermectin)和塞拉菌素(selamectin);米尔倍霉素类杀虫剂,如雷皮菌素(lepimectin)、弥拜菌素(milbemectin)、米尔贝肟(milbemycin oxime)和莫昔克丁(moxidectin);植物性杀虫剂,如新烟碱(anabasine)、印楝素(azadirachtin)、右旋柠檬烯(d-limonene)、尼古丁(nicotine)、除虫菊素(pyrethrins)、瓜菊酯(cinerins)、瓜菊酯I、瓜菊酯II、茉莉菊酯I(jasmolin I)、茉莉菊酯II、除虫菊酯I(pyrethrin I)、除虫菊酯II、苦木科(quassia)、鱼藤酮(rotenone)、鱼尼汀(ryania)和沙巴藜芦(sabadilla);氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂,如噁虫威(bendiocarb)和西维因(carbaryl);苯并呋喃甲基氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂,如丙硫克百威(benfuracarb)、卡巴呋喃(carbofuran)、丁硫克百威(carbosulfan)、甲呋喃丹(decarbofuran)和呋线威(furathiocarb);二甲基氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂,氮芥(dimitan)、敌蝇威(dimetilan)、海昆威(hyquincarb)和抗蚜威(pirimicarb);氨基甲酸肟酯类杀虫剂,如棉铃威(alanycarb)、涕灭威(aldicarb)、涕灭砜威(aldoxycarb)、丁酮威(butocarboxim)、丁酮砜威(butoxycarboxim)、灭多威(methomyl)、腈叉威(nitrilacarb)、草氨酰(oxamyl)、噻螨威(tazimcarb)、抗虫威(thiocarboxime)、硫双威(thiodicarb)和久效威(thiofanox);甲基氨基甲酸苯酯杀虫剂,如除害威(allyxycarb)、灭害威(aminocarb)、合杀威(bufencarb)、畜虫威(butacarb)、氯灭杀威(carbanolate)、地虫威(cloethocarb)、二甲苯(dicresyl)、二氧威(dioxacarb)、EMPC、杀虫丹(ethiofencarb)、双乙威(fenethacarb)、仲丁威(fenobucarb)、异丙威(isoprocarb)、灭虫威(methiocarb)、速灭威(metolcarb)、自克威(mexacarbate)、蜱虱威(promacyl)、猛杀威(promecarb)、残杀威(propoxur)、混杀威(trimethacarb)、XMC和灭杀威(xylylcarb);二硝基酚类杀虫剂,如消螨酚(dinex)、硝丙酚(dinoprop)、戊硝酚(dinosam)和DNOC;氟类杀虫剂,如六氟硅酸钡(barium hexafluorosilicate)、冰晶石(cryolite)、氟化钠(sodium fluoride)、六氟硅酸钠(sodium hexafluoro silicate)和氟虫胺(sulfluramid);甲脒类杀虫剂,如阿米曲士(amitraz)、杀虫脒(chlordimeform)、伐虫脒(formetanate)和胺甲威(formparanate);熏剂杀虫剂,如丙烯腈(acrylonitrile)、二硫化碳(carbon disulfide)、四氯化碳(carbontetrachloride)、氯仿(chloroform)、三氯硝基甲烷(chloropicrin)、对二氯苯(para-dichlorobenzene)、1,2-二氯丙烷(、甲酸乙酯(ethyl formate)、二溴化乙烯(ethylenedibromide)、二氯化乙烯(ethylene dichloride)、环氧乙烷(ethylene oxide)、氰化氢(hydrogen cyanide)、碘甲烷(iodomethane)、甲基溴(methyl bromide)、甲基氯仿(methylchloroform)、亚甲基氯(methylene chloride)、萘(naphthalene)、磷化氢(phosphine)、磺酰氟(sulfuryl fluoride)和四氯乙烷(tetrachloroethane);无机杀虫剂,如硼砂(borax)、多硫化钙(calcium polysulfide)、油酸铜(copper oleate)、氯化亚汞(mercurous chloride)、硫氰酸钾(potassium thiocyanate)和硫氰酸钠(sodiumthiocyanate);几丁质合成抑制剂,如双三氟虫脲(bistrifluron)、噻嗪酮(buprofezin)、定虫隆(chlorfluazuron)、灭蝇胺(cyromazine)、二氟脲(diflubenzuron)、氟螨脲(flucycloxuron)、氟虫脲(flufenoxuron)、氟铃脲(hexaflumuron)、氯芬奴隆(lufenuron)、双苯氟脲(novaluron)、多氟脲(noviflumuron)、氟幼脲(penfluron)、氟苯脲(teflubenzuron)和杀铃脲(triflumuron);保幼激素模拟物,如保幼醚(epofenonane)、苯氧威(fenoxycarb)、烯虫乙酯(hydroprene)、烯虫炔酯(kinoprene)、甲氧普林(methoprene)、吡丙醚(pyriproxyfen)和烯虫硫酯(triprene);保幼激素,如保幼激素I、保幼激素II和保幼激素III;蜕皮激素激动剂,如环虫酰肼(chromafenozide)、氯虫酰肼(halofenozide)、甲氧虫酰肼(methoxyfenozide)和虫酰肼(tebufenozide);蜕皮激素,如a-蜕皮素(a-ecdysone)和脱皮甾酮(ecdysterone);蜕皮抑制剂,如苯虫醚(diofenolan);早熟素(precocene),如早熟素I、早熟素II和早熟素III;未分类的昆虫生长调节剂,如地昔尼尔(dicyclanil);杀蚕毒素类似物杀虫剂,如杀虫磺(bensultap)、杀螟丹(cartap)、杀虫环(thiocyclam)和杀虫单(thiosultap);烟碱类杀虫剂,如氟啶虫酰胺(flonicamid);硝基胍类杀虫剂,如噻虫胺(clothianidin)、呋虫胺(dinotefuran)、吡虫啉(imidacloprid)和噻虫嗪(thiamethoxam);硝基亚甲基类杀虫剂,如烯啶虫胺(nitenpyram)和噻虫醛(nithiazine);啶基甲基胺杀虫剂,如啶虫脒(acetamiprid)、吡虫啉(imidacloprid)、烯啶虫胺(nitenpyram)和噻虫啉(thiacloprid);有机氯类杀虫剂,如溴-DDT、毒杀芬(camphechlor)、DDT、pp'-DDT、乙基-DDD、HCH、γ-HCH、林丹(lindane)、甲氧滴滴涕(methoxychlor)、五氯苯酚(pentachlorophenol)和TDE;环戊二烯类杀虫剂,如阿耳德林(aldrin)、溴烯杀(bromocyclen)、冰片丹(chlorbicyclen)、氯丹(chlordane)、十氯酮(chlordecone)、氧桥氯甲桥萘(dieldrin)、二羟丙茶碱(dilor)、硫丹(endosulfan)、异狄氏剂(endrin)、HEOD、七氯(heptachlor)、HHDN、碳氯灵(isobenzan)、异艾氏剂(isodrin)、氯戊环(kelevan)和灭蚁灵(mirex);有机磷酸酯类杀虫剂,如溴苯烯磷(bromfenvinfos)、毒虫畏(chlorfenvinphos)、赛吸磷(crotoxyphos)、敌敌畏(dichlorvos)f、百治磷(dicrotophos)、甲基毒虫畏(dimethylvinphos)、福司吡酯(fospirate)、庚烯磷(heptenophos)、丁烯胺磷(methocrotophos)、速灭磷(mevinphos)、二溴磷(naled)、萘肽磷(naftalofos)、丙虫磷(propaphos)、TEPP和杀虫畏(tetrachlorvinphos);有机硫代磷酸酯类杀虫剂,如蔬果磷(dioxabenzofos)、丁苯硫磷(fosmethilan)和稻丰散(phenthoate);脂肪族有机硫代磷酸酯类杀虫剂,如家蝇磷(acethion)、胺吸磷(amiton)、硫线磷(cadusafos)、氯氧磷(chlorethoxyfos)、氯甲磷(chlormephos)、田乐磷(demephion)、田乐磷-O、田乐磷-S、内吸磷(demeton)、内吸磷-O、内吸磷-S、内吸磷-甲基、内吸磷-O-甲基、内吸磷-S-甲基、内吸磷-S-甲磺酸、乙拌磷(disulfoton)、乙硫磷(ethion)、灭线磷(ethoprophos)、IPSP、异拌磷(isothioate)、馬拉硫磷(malathion)、虫螨畏(methacrifos)、砜吸磷(oxydemeton-methyl)、异亚砜磷(oxydeprofos)、砜拌磷(oxydisulfoton)、甲拌磷(phorate)、特丁磷(terbufos)和甲基乙拌磷(thiometon);脂肪族酰胺有机硫代磷酸酯类杀虫剂,如赛果(amidithion)、果虫磷(cyanthoate)、乐果(dimethoate)、益果(ethoate-methyl)、安果(formothion)、灭蚜磷(mecarbam)、氧化乐果(omethoate)、发硫磷(prothoate)、苏硫磷(sophamide)和蚜灭多(vamidothion);肟有机硫代磷酸酯类杀虫剂,如氯腈肟磷(chlorphoxim)、辛硫磷(phoxim)和甲基辛硫磷(phoxim-methyl);杂环有机硫代磷酸酯类杀虫剂,如甲基吡啶磷(azamethiphos)、畜虫磷(coumithoate)、敌杀磷(dioxathion)、因毒磷(endothion)、灭蚜硫磷(menazon)、茂果(morphothion)、伏杀磷(phosalone)、白克松(pyraclofos)、哒嗪硫磷(pyridaphenthion)和喹塞昂(quinothion);苯并噻喃有机硫代磷酸酯类;杀虫剂,如噻喃磷(dithicrofos)和噻氯磷(thicrofos);苯并三嗪有机硫代磷酸酯类杀虫剂,如乙基古硫磷(azinphos-ethyl)和甲基谷硫磷(azinphos-methyl);异吲哚有机硫代磷酸酯类杀虫剂,如氯亚胺硫磷(dialifos)和亚胺硫磷(phosmet);异噁唑有机硫代磷酸酯类杀虫剂,如异噁唑磷(isoxathion)和唑虫磷(zolaprofos);吡唑并嘧啶有机硫代磷酸酯类杀虫剂,如氯吡唑磷(chlorprazophos)和定菌磷(pyrazophos);吡啶有机硫代磷酸酯类杀虫剂,如毒死蜱(chlorpyrifos)和甲基毒死蜱(chlorpyrifos-methyl);嘧啶有机硫代磷酸酯类杀虫剂,如特啼硫磷(butathiofos)、二嗪农(diazinon)、乙嘧硫磷(etrimfos)、啶虫磷(lirimfos)、乙基嘧啶磷(pirimiphos-ethyl)、甲基嘧啶磷(pirimiphos-methyl)、酰胺嘧啶啉(primidophos)、嘧硫磷(pyrimitate)和丁基嘧啶磷(tebupirimfos);喹喔啉有机硫代磷酸酯类杀虫剂,如喹硫磷(quinalphos)和甲基喹硫磷(quinalphos-methyl);噻重氮有机硫代磷酸酯类杀虫剂,如乙基杀扑磷(athidathion)、噻唑磷(lythidathion)、杀扑磷(methidathion)和乙噻唑磷(prothidathion);三唑有机硫代磷酸酯类杀虫剂,如氯唑磷(isazofos)和三唑磷(triazophos);苯基有机硫代磷酸酯类杀虫剂,如偶氮磷(azothoate)、溴硫磷(bromophos)、乙基溴硫磷(bromophos-ethyl)、三硫磷(carbophenothion)、虫螨磷(chlorthiophos)、杀螟腈(cyanophos)、畜蜱磷(cythioate)、异氯硫磷(dicapthon)、除线磷(dichlofenthion)、牛津郡丙硫磷(etaphos)、氨磺磷(famphur)、皮蝇磷(fenchlorphos)、杀螟硫磷(fenitrothion)、线虫磷(fensulfothion)、倍硫磷(fenthion)、乙基倍硫磷(fenthion-ethyl)、速杀硫磷(heterophos)、碘硫磷(jodfenphos)、甲亚砜磷(mesulfenfos)、芬硫磷(phenkapton)、对氯硫磷(phosnichlor)、丙溴磷(profenofos)、丙硫磷(prothiofos)、硫丙磷(sulprofos)、双硫磷(temephos)、异皮蝇磷-3和三氯丙氧磷(trifenofos);膦酸酯类杀虫剂,如丁酯膦(butonate)和敌百虫(trichlorfon);硫代膦酸酯类杀虫剂,如依米细阿豪斯(imicyafos)和甲基减蚜磷(mecarphon);乙基硫代膦酸苯酯类杀虫剂,如地虫磷(fonofos)和毒壤膦(trichloronat);苯基硫代膦酸苯酯类杀虫剂,如苯腈膦(cyanofenphos)、EPN和溴苯磷(leptophos);氨基磷酸酯类杀虫剂,如育畜磷(crufomate)、克线磷(fenamiphos)、丁硫环磷(fosthietan)、二噻磷(mephosfolan)、硫环磷(phosfolan)和甲胺嘧磷(pirimetaphos);硫代磷酰胺酯类杀虫剂,如高灭磷(acephate)、水胺硫磷(isocarbophos)、异柳磷(isofenphos)、烯虫磷(propetamphos);磷酰二胺类杀虫剂,如甲氟磷(dimefox)、叠氮磷(mazidox)、丙胺氟(mipafox)和八甲磷(schradan);噁二嗪类杀虫剂,如茚虫威(indoxacarb);邻苯二甲酰亚胺类杀虫剂,如氯亚胺硫磷(dialifos)、亚胺硫磷(phosmet)和胺菊酯(tetramethrin);吡唑类杀虫剂,如乙酰虫腈(acetoprole)、乙虫腈(ethiprole)、吡嗪氟虫腈(pyrafluprole)、哒螨灵(pyriprole)、吡螨胺(tebufenpyrad)、唑虫酰胺(tolfenpyrad)和氟吡唑虫(vaniliprole);拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂,如氟丙菊酯(acrinathrin)、丙烯菊酯(allethrin)、生物丙烯菊酯(bioallethrin)、熏虫菊酯(barthrin)、联苯菊酯(bifenthrin)、ioethanomethrin、环虫菊酯(cyclethrin)、乙氰菊酯(cycloprothrin)、氟氯氰菊酯(cyfluthrin)、β氟氯氰菊酯(betacyfluthrin)、三氟氯氰菊酯(cyhalothrin)、γ三氟氯氰菊酯(gamma-cyhalothrin)、λ三氟氯氰菊酯(lambda-cyhalothrin)、氯氰菊酯(cypermethrin)、α氯氰菊酯(alphacypermethrin)、β氯氰菊酯(beta-cypermethrin)、θ氯氰菊酯(theta-cypermethrin)、δ氯氰菊酯(zeta-cypermethrin)、苯氰菊酯(cyphenothrin)、溴氰菊酯(deltamethrin)、四氟甲醚菊酯(dimefluthrin)、苄菊酯(dimethrin)、烯炔菊酯(empenthrin)、芬氟司林(fenfluthrin)、吡氯氰菊酯(fenpirithrin)、甲氰菊酯(fenpropathrin)、氰戊菊酯(fenvalerate)、高氰戊菊酯(esfenvalerate)、氟氰菊酯(flucythrinate)、氟胺氰菊酯(fluvalinate)、tau-氟胺氰菊酯(tau-fluvalinate)、糠醛菊酯(furethrin)、炔咪菊酯(imiprothrin)、甲氧苄氟菊酯(metofluthrin)、苄氯菊酯(permethrin)、生物氯菊酯(biopermethrin)、反氯菊酯(transpermethrin)、苯醚菊酯(phenothrin)、炔丙菊酯(prallethrin)、丙氟菊酯(profluthrin)、反灭虫菊酯(pyresmethrin)、苄呋菊脂(resmethrin)、右旋反灭虫菊酯(bioresmethrin)、顺式苄呋菊酯(cismethrin)、七氟菊酯(tefluthrin)、环戊烯丙菊酯(terallethrin)、胺菊酯(tetramethrin)、四溴菊酯(tralomethrin)和四氟苯菊酯(transfluthrin);拟除虫菊酯醚类杀虫剂,如依芬普司(etofenprox)、三氟醚菊酯(flufenprox)、苄螨醚(halfenprox)和氟硅菊酯(silafluofen);嘧啶胺类杀虫剂,如嘧虫胺(flufenerim)和嘧螨醚(pyrimidifen);吡咯类杀虫剂,如溴虫腈(chlorfenapyr);鱼尼丁受体杀虫剂,如氟虫双酰胺(flubendiamide)、氯虫苯甲酰胺(chlorantraniliprole)(rynaxypyr)和氰尼利普(cyantranilipole);特窗酸类杀虫剂,如螺螨酯(spirodiclofen)、螺甲螨酯(spiromesifen)和螺虫乙酯(spirotetramat);硫脲类杀虫剂,如丁醚脲(diafenthiuron);尿素类杀虫剂,如氟氯双苯隆(flucofuron)和磺苯醚隆(sulcofuron);磺胺嘧啶类杀虫剂,如磺胺嘧啶(sulfoxaflor);以及未分类的杀虫剂,如克罗散泰(closantel)、克罗米通(crotamiton)、EXD、抗螨唑(fenazaflor)、喹螨醚(fenazaquin)、芬噁宁(fenoxacrim)、唑螨酯(fenpyroximate)、氟虫双酰胺(flubendiamide)、氟蚁腙(hydramethylnon)、稻瘟灵(isoprothiolane)、丙螨氰(malonoben)、氰氟虫腙(metaflumizone)、氰氟虫腙(metoxadiazone)、伏蚁灵(nifluridide)、哒螨酮(pyridaben)、啶虫丙醚(pyridalyl)、吡氟喹虫唑(pyrifluquinazon)、碘醚柳胺(rafoxanide)、苯螨噻(triarathene)和唑虫牙威(triazamate)。杀虫剂可以基于在如《农药手册(Pesticide Manual)》,第十四版,(ISBN 1-901396-14-2)等汇编中公开的水溶解度来选择,所述文献通过引用以其整体并入本文。《农药手册》的未来版本也将用于选择可以受益于与如本文所公开的聚烷氧基化氨基醇一起使用的杀虫剂。
杀真菌剂的实例包含唑嘧菌胺(ametoctradin)、双甲脒2-(氰硫基甲硫基)-苯并噻唑、2-苯基苯酚、8-羟基喹啉硫酸盐、抗霉素(antimycin)、阿扎康唑(azaconazole)、嘧菌酯(azoxystrobin)、苯霜灵(benalaxyl)、苯菌灵(benomyl)、苯噻菌胺(benthiavalicarb-isopropyl)、苄基氨基苯磺酸盐(benzylaminobenzene-sulfonate(BABS)salt)、碳酸氢盐(bicarbonates)、联苯(biphenyl)、噻枯唑(bismerthiazol)、联苯三唑醇(bitertanol)、联苯吡菌胺(bixafen)、灭瘟素-S(blasticidin-S)、硼砂、波尔多混合物(Bordeauxmixture)、啶酰菌胺(boscalid)、糠菌唑(bromuconazole)、乙嘧酚磺酸酯(bupirimate)、BYF 1047、多硫化钙、敌菌丹(captafol)、克菌丹(captan)、多菌灵(carbendazim)、萎锈灵(carboxin)、环丙酰菌胺(carpropamid)、香芹酮(carvone)、地茂散(chloroneb)、百菌清(chlorothalonil)、克氯得(chlozolinate)、氢氧化铜(copper hydroxide)、辛酸铜盐(copper octanoate)、氯氧化铜(copper oxychloride)、硫酸铜(copper sulfate)、三碱基硫酸铜(copper sulfate(tribasic))、氧化亚铜(cuprous oxide)、氰霜唑(cyazofamid)、赛福芬胺(cyflufenamid)、霜脲氰(cymoxanil)、环唑醇(cyproconazole)、嘧菌环胺(cyprodinil)、香豆素(coumarin)、棉隆(dazomet)、咪菌威(debacarb)、联胺双苯基磷酸乙烯-(二硫代氨基甲酸盐)(diammonium ethylenebis-(dithiocarbamate))、抑菌灵(dichlofluanid)、二氯芬(dichlorophen)、双氯氰菌胺(diclocymet)、哒菌清(diclomezine)、氯硝胺(dichloran)、乙霉威(diethofencarb)、苯醚甲环唑(difenoconazole)、野燕枯离子(difenzoquat ion)、氟嘧菌胺(diflumetorim)、烯酰吗啉(dimethomorph)、醚菌胺(dimoxystrobin)、烯唑醇(diniconazole)、精烯唑醇-M(diniconazole-M)、消螨通(dinobuton)、二硝巴豆酸酯(dinocap)、二石肖巴豆酸酯(meptyl dinocap)、二苯胺(diphenylamine)、二氰蒽醌(dithianon)、十二环吗啉(dodemorph)、十二环吗啉乙酸盐(dodemorph acetate)、多果定(dodine)、多果定游离碱(dodine freebase)、敌瘟磷(edifenphos)、烯肟菌酯(enestrobin)、氟环唑(epoxiconazole)、噻唑菌胺(ethaboxam)、乙氧喹啉(ethoxyquin)、土菌灵(etridiazole)、噁唑菌酮(famoxadone)、咪唑菌酮(fenamidone)、氯苯嘧啶醇(fenarimol)、腈苯唑(fenbuconazole)、甲呋酰胺(fenfuram)、环酰菌胺(fenhexamid)、稻瘟酰胺(fenoxanil)、拌种咯(fenpiclonil)、苯锈啶(fenpropidin)、丁苯吗啉(fenpropimorph)、胺苯吡菌酮(fenpyrazamine)、三苯锡(fentin)、三苯基乙酸锡(fentin acetate)、三苯基氢氧化锡(fentin hydroxide)、福美铁(ferbam)、嘧菌腙(ferimzone)、氟啶胺(fluazinam)、咯菌腈(fludioxonil)、氟吗啉(flumorph)、氟吡菌胺(fluopicolide)、氟吡菌酰胺(fluopyram)、氟氯菌核利(fluoroimide)、氟嘧菌酯(fluoxastrobin)、氟喹唑(fluquinconazole)、氟硅唑(flusilazole)、磺菌胺(flusulfamide)、氟酰胺(flutolanil)、粉唑醇(flutriafol)、氟苯吡菌胺(fluxapyrad)、灭菌丹(folpet)、甲醛(formaldehyde)、三乙膦酸(fosetyl)、三乙膦酸铝(fosetyl-aluminium)、麦穗宁(uberidazole)、呋霜灵(furalaxyl)、呋吡菌胺(furametpyr)、双胍辛(guazatine)、双胍辛乙酸盐(guazatine acetates)、GY-81、六氯苯(hexachlorobenzene)、己唑醇(hexaconazole)、噁霉灵(hymexazol)、抑霉唑(imazalil)、硫酸抑霉唑(imazalil sulfate)、亚胺唑(imibenconazole)、双胍辛胺(minoctadine)、三乙酸双胍辛胺(iminoctadine triacetate)、双胍辛胺三(对十二烷基苯磺酸盐)(iminoctadine tris(albesilate))、种菌唑(ipconazole)、异稻瘟净(iprobenfos)、异菌脲(iprodione)、缬霉威(iprovalicarb)、稻瘟灵(isoprothiolane)、吡唑萘菌胺(isopyrazam)、异噻菌胺(isotianil)、春雷霉素(kasugamycin)、春雷霉素盐酸盐水合物(kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate)、醚菌甲酯(kresoxim-methyl)、代森锰铜(mancopper)、代森锰锌(mancozeb)、双炔酰菌胺(mandipropamid)、代森锰(maneb)、嘧菌胺(mepanipyrim)、灭锈胺(mepronil)、二硝巴豆酸酯(meptyldinocap)、氯化汞(mercuricchloride)、氧化汞(mercuric oxide)、氯化亚汞、甲霜灵(metalaxyl)、精甲霜灵(mefenoxam)、甲霜灵-M(metalaxyl-M)、威百亩(metam)、铵威百亩(metam-ammonium)、钾威百亩(metam-potassium)、钠威百亩(metam-sodium)、叶菌唑(metconazole)、磺菌威(methasulfocarb)、碘甲烷(methyl iodide)、异硫氰酸甲酯(methyl isothiocyanate)、代森联(metiram)、苯氧菌胺(metominostrobin)、苯菌酮(metrafenone)、米多霉素(mildiomycin)、腈菌唑(myclobutanil)、代森钠(nabam)、酞菌异丙酯(nitrothal-isopropyl)、氟苯嘧啶醇(nuarimol)、辛噻酮(octhilinone)、呋酰胺(ofurace)、油酸(脂肪酸)(oleic acid(fatty acids))、肟醚菌胺(orysastrobin)、噁霜灵(oxadixyl)、喹啉铜(oxine-copper)、富马酸噁咪唑(oxpoconazole fumarate)、氧化萎锈灵(oxycarboxin)、戊苯吡菌胺(penflufen)、稻瘟酯(pefurazoate)、戊菌唑(penconazole)、戊菌隆(pencycuron)、五氯酚(pentachlorophenol)、月桂酸五氯苯酯(pentachlorophenyllaurate)、吡噻菌胺(penthiopyrad)、乙酸苯汞(phenylmercury acetate)、膦酸(phosphonic acid)、四氯苯酞(phthalide)、啶氧菌酯(picoxystrobin)、多抗霉素B(polyoxin B)、多抗霉素(polyoxins)、多氧霉素(polyoxorim)、碳酸氢钾(potassiumbicarbonate)、羟基喹啉硫酸氢钾盐(potassium hydroxyquinoline sulfate)、烯丙苯噻唑(probenazole)、咪鲜胺(prochloraz)、腐霉利(procymidone)、霜霉威(propamocarb)、盐酸霜霉威(propamocarb hydrochloride)、丙环唑(propiconazole)、丙森锌(propineb)、丙氧喹啉(proquinazid)、丙硫菌唑(prothioconazole)、吡唑醚菌酯(pyraclostrobin)、唑菌酯(pyraxostrobin)、吡菌磷(pyrazophos)、吡菌苯威(pyribencarb)、稗草丹(pyributicarb)、啶斑肟(pyrifenox)、嘧霉胺(pyrimethanil)、焦磷酸烯酮(pyriofenone)、唑胺菌酯(pyrometostrobin)、咯喹酮(pyroquilon)、灭藻醌(quinoclamine)、苯氧喹啉(quinoxyfen)、五氯硝基苯(quintozene)、大虎杖提取(Reynoutria sachalinensis extract)、环丙吡菌胺(sedaxane)、硅噻菌胺(silthiofam)、硅氟唑(simeconazole)、2-苯基苯酚钠、碳酸氢钠(sodium bicarbonate)、五氯苯酚钠(sodium pentachlorophenoxide)、螺环菌胺(spiroxamine)、硫黄(sulfur)、SYP-Z071、SYP-048、SYP-Z048、木焦油(tar oils)、戊唑醇(tebuconazole)、异丁乙氧喹啉(tebufloquin)、四氯硝基苯(tecnazene)、四氟醚唑(tetraconazole)、噻菌灵(thiabendazole)、噻氟菌胺(thifluzamide)、甲基硫菌灵(thiophanate-methyl)、福美双(thiram)、噻酰菌胺(tiadinil)、甲基立枯磷(tolclofos-methyl)、甲苯氟磺胺(tolylfluanid)、三唑酮(triadimefon)、三唑醇(triadimenol)、三唑并嘧啶(triazolopyrimidine)、咪唑嗪(triazoxide)、三环唑(tricyclazole)、十三吗啉(tridemorph)、肟菌酯(trifloxystrobin)、氟菌唑(triflumizole)、嗪氨灵(triforine)、灭菌唑(triticonazole)、井冈霉素(validamycin)、霜霉灭(valiphenal)、维芬乐特、乙烯菌核利(vinclozolin)、代森锌(zineb)、福美锌(ziram)、苯酰菌胺(zoxamide)、(RS)-N-(3,5-二氯苯基)-2-(甲氧基甲基)-琥珀酰亚胺、1,2-二氯丙烷、1,3-二氯-1,1,3,3-四氟丙酮水合物、1-氯-2,4-二硝基萘、1-氯-2-硝基丙烷、2-(2-十七烷基-2-咪唑啉-1-基)乙醇、2,3-二氢-5-苯基-1,4-二硫杂环己二烯-1,1,4,4-四氧化物、乙酸2-甲氧基乙基汞、氯化2-甲氧基乙基汞、硅酸2-甲氧基乙基汞、3-(4-氯苯基)-5-甲基绕丹宁、硫氰酸4-(2-硝基丙-1-烯基)苯酯、氨丙膦酸(ampropylfos)、敌菌灵(anilazine)、氧化福美双(azithiram)、多硫化钡(barium polysulfide)、拜耳32394(Bayer32394)、麦锈灵(benodanil)、醌肟腙(benquinox)、丙唑草隆(bentaluron)、苄烯酸(benzamacril);苄烯酸异丁酯(benzamacril-isobutyl)、苯杂吗(benzamorf)、乐杀螨(binapacryl)、丁硫啶(buthiobate)、草菌盐(cadmium calcium copper zinc chromate sulfate)、吗菌威(carbamorph)、CECA、灭瘟唑(chlobenthiazone)、双胺灵(chloraniformethan)、苯咪唑菌(chlorfenazole)、四氯喹噁啉(chlorquinox)、咪菌酮(climbazole)、二(3-苯基水杨酸)铜、铬酸铜锌(copper zinc chromate)、硫杂灵(cufraneb)、硫酸肼铜(cuprichydrazinium sulfate)、福美铜氯(cuprobam)、环糠酰胺(cyclafuramid)、氰菌灵(cypendazole)、酯菌胺(cyprofuram)、癸磷锡(decafentin)、二氯萘醌(dichlone)、菌核利(dichlozoline)、苄氯三唑醇(diclobutrazol)、甲菌定(dimethirimol)、敌螨通(dinocton)、硝辛酯(dinosulfon)、硝丁酯(dinoterbon)、吡菌硫(dipyrithione)、灭菌磷(ditalimfos)、多敌菌(dodicin)、敌菌酮(drazoxolon)、EBP、ESBP、乙环唑(etaconazole)、代森硫(etem)、乙嘧酚(ethirim)、敌磺钠(fenaminosulf)、咪菌腈(fenapanil)、种衣酯(fenitropan)、三氟苯唑(fluotrimazole)、灭菌胺(urcarbanil)、呋菌唑(furconazole)、顺式呋菌唑(furconazole-cis)、拌种胺(furmecyclox)、呋菌隆(furophanate)、果绿啶(glyodine)、灰黄霉素(griseofulvin)、丙烯酸喹啉酯(halacrinate)、海克力斯3944(Hercules 3944)、环己硫磷(hexylthiofos)、ICIA0858、壬氧磷胺(isopamphos)、氯苯咪菌酮(isovaledione)、邻酰胺(mebenil)、咪卡病西(mecarbinzid)、肼叉噁唑酮(metazoxolon)、呋菌胺(methfuroxam)、氰胍甲汞(methylmercury dicyandiamide)、噻菌胺(metsulfovax)、代森环(milneb)、粘氯酸酐(mucochloric anhydride)、甲菌利(myclozolin)、N-3,5-二氯苯基琥珀酰亚胺、N-(3-硝基苯基)衣糠酰亚胺、多马霉素(natamycin)、N-乙基汞基-4-甲苯磺酰苯胺、二(二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸)镍(nickel bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate))、OCH、二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸苯汞(phenylmercurydimethyldithiocarbamate)、氯瘟磷(hosdiphen)、硫菌威(prothiocarb)、盐酸硫菌威(prothiocarb hydrochloride)、吡喃灵(pyracarbolid)、啶菌腈(pyridinitril)、吡氧氯(pyroxychlor)、氯吡呋醚(pyroxyfur)、羟基喹啉(quinacetol)、喹菌盐(quinacetolsulfate)、酯菌腙(quinazamid)、喹唑菌酮(quinconazole)、吡咪唑菌(abenzazole)、水杨酰胺(salicylanilide)、SSF-109、戊苯砜(sultropen)、福代硫(tecoram)、噻二氟(thiadifluor)、噻菌腈(thicyofen)、苯菌胺(thiochlorfenphim)、硫菌灵(thiophanate)、克杀螨(thioquinox)、硫氰苯甲酰胺(tioxymid)、三唑磷胺(triamiphos)、嘧菌醇(triarimol)、叶锈特(triazbutil)、水杨菌胺(trichlamide)、UK-2A、UK-2A的衍生物,例如(3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-苄基-3-(3-(异丁酰氧基甲氧基)-4-甲氧基吡啶酰胺基)-6-甲基-4,9-二氧代-l,5-二氧戊环-7-基异丁酸盐(其CAS注册号为328255-92-1并且咋本文中将被称为328255-92-1)、福美甲胂(urbacid)、XRD-563、氰菌胺(zarilamid)、IK-1140和炔丙基酰胺。杀真菌剂可以基于在如《农药手册》,第十四版,ISBN 1-901396-14-2等汇编中公开的水溶解度来选择,所述文献通过引用以其整体并入本文。《农药手册》的未来版本也将用于选择用于与如本文所公开的聚烷氧基化氨基醇组合的杀真菌剂。
除草剂的实例包含酰胺类除草剂,如二丙烯草胺(allidochlor)、氟丁酰草胺(beflubutamid)、胺酸杀(benzadox)、苄草胺(benzipram)、溴丁酰草胺(bromobutide)、唑草胺(cafenstrole)、CDEA、草克乐(chlorthiamid)、三环塞草胺(cyprazole)、二甲酚草胺(dimethenamid)、二甲酚草胺-P、双苯酰草胺(diphenamid)、三唑磺(epronaz)、乙胺草醚(etnipromid)、四唑酰草胺(fentrazamide)、氟胺草唑(flupoxam)、氟磺胺草醚(fomesafen)、氟硝磺酰胺(halosafen)、草特灵(isocarbamid)、异噁酰草胺(isoxaben)、敌草胺(napropamide)、抑草生(naptalam)、烯草胺(pethoxamid)、拿草特(propyzamide)、氯藻胺(quinonamid)和牧草胺(tebutam);酰胺类除草剂,如丁酰草胺(chloranocryl)、落草胺(cisanilide)、克普草(clomeprop)、环酰草胺(cypromid)、吡氟酰草胺(diflufenican)、乙氧苯草胺(etobenzanid)、酰苯磺威(fenasulam)、氟噻草胺(flufenacet)、氟苯吡草(flufenican)、苯噻草胺(mefenacet)、氟磺酰草胺(mefluidide)、噁唑酰草胺(metamifop)、庚酰草胺(monalide)、萘丙胺(naproanilide)、蔬草灭(pentanochlor)、氟吡酰草胺(picolinafen)和敌稗(propanil);苯丙胺酸类除草剂如新燕灵(benzoylprop)、麦燕灵(flamprop)和麦燕灵-M;氯乙酰苯胺类除草剂,如乙草胺(acetochlor)、甲草胺(alachlor)、丁草胺(butachlor)、丁烯草胺(butenachlor)、异丁草胺(delachlor)、乙酰甲草胺(diethatyl)、二甲草胺(dimethachlor)、吡草胺(metazachlor)、异丙甲草胺(metolachlor)、S-异丙甲草胺(S-metolachlor)、丙草胺(pretilachlor)、毒草胺(propachlor)、异丙草胺(propisochlor)、广草胺(prynachlor)、特丁草胺(terbuchlor)、噻吩草胺(thenylchlor)和二甲苯草胺(xylachlor);磺酰苯胺类除草剂,如氟磺胺草(benzofluor)、黄草伏(perfluidone)、吡丙醚(pyrimisulfan)和氟唑草胺(profluazol);磺胺类除草剂,如黄草灵(asulam)、卡巴草灵(carbasulam)、酰苯磺威(fenasulam)和黄草消;微生物类除草剂,如双丙氨膦(bilanafos);苯甲酸类除草剂,如豆科威(chloramben)、麦草畏(dicamba)、2,3,6-TBA和三氯茴香酸(tricamba);嘧啶氧苯甲酸类除草剂,如双草醚(bispyribac)和嘧草醚(pyriminobac);嘧啶硫代苯甲酸类除草剂,如嘧硫草醚(pyrithiobac);邻苯二甲酸类除草剂,如百菌清(chlorthal);吡啶羧酸类除草剂,如氯氨吡啶酸(aminopyralid)、二氯吡啶酸(clopyralid)和毒莠定(picloram);喹啉羧酸类除草剂,如快杀稗(quinclorac)和氯甲喹啉酸(quinmerac);砷类除草剂,如二甲砷酸(cacodylic acid)、CMA、DSMA、六氟盐(hexaflurate)、MAA、MAMA、MSMA、亚砷酸钾(potassium arsenite)和亚砷酸钠(sodium arsenite);苯甲酰环己二酮类除草剂,如硝磺草酮(mesotrione)、磺草酮(sulcotrione)、呋喃磺草酮(tefuryltrione)和环磺酮(tembotrione);苯并呋喃烷基磺酸酯类除草剂,如呋草黄(benfuresate)和甜菜呋(ethofumesate);氨基甲酸酯类除草剂,如黄草灵(asulam)、特噁唑威(carboxazole)、草败死(chlorprocarb)、苄胺灵(dichlormate)、酰苯磺威(fenasulam)、卡灵草(karbutilate)和芽根灵(terbucarb);苯氨基甲酸酯类除草剂,如燕麦灵(barban)、BCPC、卡巴草灵(carbasulam)、长杀草(carbetamide)、CEPC、氟炔灵(chlorbufam)、氯苯胺灵(chlorpropham)、CPPC、甜菜安(desmedipham)、棉胺宁(phenisopham)、甜菜宁(phenmedipham)、甜菜宁-乙酯(phenmedipham-ethyl)、苯胺灵(propham)和灭草灵(swep);环己烯肟类除草剂,如禾草灭(alloxydim)、丁苯草酮(butroxydim)、烯草酮(clethodim)、环丁烯草酮(cloproxydim)、草噻喃(cycloxydim)、环苯草酮(profoxydim)、烯禾定(sethoxydim)、吡喃草酮(tepraloxydim)和肟草酮(tralkoxydim);环丙基异噁唑类除草剂,如异噁氯草酮(isoxachlortole)和异噁唑草酮(isoxaflutole);二甲酰亚胺类除草剂,如双苯嘧草酮(benzfendizone)、吲哚酮草酯(cinidon-ethyl)、三氟嗪(flumezin)、氟烯草酸(flumiclorac)、丙炔氟草胺(flumioxazin)和炔草胺(flumipropyn);二硝基苯胺类除草剂,如氟草胺(benfluralin)、地乐胺(butralin)、敌乐胺(dinitramine)、乙丁烯氟灵(ethalfluralin)、氟消草(fluchloralin)、异丙乐灵(isopropalin)、乙酰胺麦草灵(methalpropalin)、甲磺乐灵(nitralin)、氨磺乐灵(oryzalin)、二甲戊灵(pendimethalin)、氨氟乐灵(prodiamine)、环丙氟灵(profluralin)和氟乐灵(trifluralin);二硝基苯酚类除草剂,如地乐特(dinofenate)、硝丙酚(dinoprop)、戊硝酚(dinosam)、地乐酚(dinoseb)、特乐酚(dinoterb)、DNOC、硝草酚(etinofen)和地乐施(medinoterb);二苯醚类除草剂,如氟乳醚(ethoxyfen);硝基二苯醚类除草剂,如氟锁草醚(acifluorfen)、苯草醚(aclonifen)、治草醚(bifenox)、甲氧除草醚(chlomethoxyfen)、草枯醚(chlornitrofen)、乙胺草醚(etnipromid)、三氟硝草醚(fluorodifen)、乙羧氟草醚(fluoroglycofen)、氟除草醚(fluoronitrofen)、氟磺胺草醚(fomesafen)、呋氧草醚(furyloxyfen)、氟硝磺酰胺(halosafen)、乳氟禾草灵(lactofen)、除草醚(nitrofen)、三氟甲草醚(nitrofluorfen)和乙氧氟草醚(oxyfluorfen);二硫代氨基甲酸酯类除草剂,如棉隆(dazomet)和威百亩(metam);卤代脂肪酸类除草剂,如五氯戊酮酸(alorac)、三氯丙酸(chloropon)、茅草枯(dalapon)、四氟丙酸(flupropanate)、六氯丙铜(hexachloroacetone)、碘甲烷(iodomethane)、甲基溴(methyl bromide)、一氯醋酸(monochloroacetic acid)、SMA和TCA;咪唑啉酮类除草剂,如咪草酸(imazamethabenz)、甲氧咪草烟(imazamox)、甲咪唑烟酸(imazapic)、灭草烟(imazapyr)、咪唑喹啉酸(imazaquin)和咪唑乙烟酸(imazethapyr);腈类除草剂,如糠草腈(bromobonil)、溴草腈(bromoxynil)、羟敌草腈(chloroxynil)、敌草腈(dichlobenil)、碘草腈(iodobonil)、碘苯腈(ioxynil)和双唑草腈(pyraclonil);有机磷类除草剂,如甲基胺草磷(amiprofos-methyl)、莎稗磷(anilofos)、地散磷(bensulide)、双丙氨膦(bilanafos)、抑草磷(butamifos)、2,4-DEP、DMPA、EBEP、杀木膦(fosamine)、草铵膦(glufosinate)、草甘膦(glyphosate)和哌草磷(piperophos);苯氧类除草剂,如杀草全(bromofenoxim)、克普草(clomeprop)、2,4-DEB、2,4-DEP、氟苯戊稀酸(difenopenten)、赛松(disul)、抑草蓬(erbon)、乙胺草醚(etnipromid)、氯苯氧乙醇(fenteracol)和三氟禾草肟(trifopsime);苯氧乙酸类除草剂,如4-CPA、2,4-D、3,4-DA、MCPA、MCPA-氯乙硫酯(MCPA-thioethyl)和2,4,5-T;苯氧丁酸类除草剂,如4-CPB、2,4-DB、3,4-DB、MCPB和2,4,5-TB;苯氧丙酸类除草剂,如调果酸(cloprop)、4-CPP、滴丙酸(dichlorprop)、滴丙酸-P、3,4-DP、涕丙酸(fenoprop)、丙酸(mecoprop)和丙酸-P;芳氧苯氧丙酸类除草剂,如块禾灵(chlorazifop)、炔草酯(clodinafop)、氯伏草(clofop)、氰氟草酯(cyhalofop)、禾草灵(diclofop)、噁唑禾草灵(fenoxaprop)、噁唑禾草灵-P、噻唑禾草灵(fenthiaprop)、吡氟禾草灵(fluazifop)、吡氟禾草灵-P、吡氟氯禾灵(haloxyfop)、吡氟氯禾灵-P、异噁草醚(isoxapyrifop)、噁唑酰草胺(metamifop)、喔草酯(propaquizafop)、喹禾灵(quizalofop)、喹禾灵-P和三氟苯氧丙酸(trifop);苯二胺类除草剂,如敌乐胺(dinitramine)和氨氟乐灵(prodiamine);吡唑基类除草剂,如吡草酮(benzofenap)、吡唑特(pyrazolynate)、磺酰草吡唑(pyrasulfotole)、磺酰草吡唑(pyrazoxyfen)、罗克杀草砜(pyroxasulfone)和苯吡唑草酮(topramezone);吡唑基苯基类除草剂,如异丙吡草酯(fluazolate)和吡草醚(pyraflufen);哒嗪类除草剂,如醚草敏(credazine)、达草止(pyridafol)和哒草特(pyridate);哒嗪酮类除草剂,如杀莠敏(brompyrazon)、杀草敏(chloridazon)、敌米达松(dimidazon)、氟哒嗪草酯(flufenpyr)、氟咕草(metflurazon)、达草灭(norflurazon)、草哒松(oxapyrazon)和比达农(pydanon);吡啶类除草剂,如氯氨吡啶酸(aminopyralid)、碘氯啶醋(cliodinate)、二氯吡啶酸(clopyralid)、氟硫草定(dithiopyr)、氟草烟(fluroxypyr)、氟草烟-甲基庚基酯(fluroxypyr-meptyl)、氟啶草(haloxydine)、毒莠定(picloram)、氟吡酰草胺(picolinafen)、氯草定(pyriclor)、噻草啶(thiazopyr)和绿草定(triclopyr);嘧啶二胺类除草剂,如丙草定(iprymidam)和喃草胺(tioclorim);季铵盐类除草剂如牧草快(cyperquat)、二乙除草双(diethamquat)、燕麦枯(difenzoquat)、敌草快(diquat)、伐草快(morfamquat)和百草枯(paraquat);硫代氨基甲酸酯类除草剂,如丁草敌(butylate)、草灭特(cycloate)、燕麦敌(di-allate)、EPTC、戊草丹(esprocarb)、硫草敌(ethiolate)、氮革草(isopolinate)、甲硫苯威(methiobencarb)、草达灭(molinate)、坪草丹(orbencarb)、克草猛(pebulate)、苄草丹(prosulfocarb)、稗草畏(pyributicarb)、草克死(sulfallate)、禾草丹(thiobencarb)、仲草丹(tiocarbazil)、野麦畏(tri-allate)和灭草猛(vernolate);硫代碳酸酯类除草剂,如草灭散(dimexano)、EXD和扑灭生(proxan);硫脲类除草剂,如灭草恒(methiuron);三嗪类除草剂如异丙净(dipropetryn)、三嗪氟草胺(triaziflam)和三羟三嗪(trihydroxytriazine);氯三嗪类除草剂,如莠去津(atrazine)、可乐津(chlorazine)、草净津(cyanazine)、环丙津(cyprazine)、甘草津(eglinazine)、抑草津(ipazine)、灭莠津(mesoprazine)、环丙腈津(procyazine)、甘扑津(proglinazine)、扑灭津(propazine)、另丁津(sebuthylazine)、西玛津(simazine)、特丁津(terbuthylazine)和草达津(trietazine);甲氧三嗪类除草剂,如莠去通(atraton)、醚草通(methometon)、扑灭通(prometon)、密草通(secbumeton)、西玛通(simeton)和甲氧去草净(terbumeton);甲硫三嗪类除草剂,如莠灭净(ametryn)、叠氮津(aziprotryne)、氰草净(cyanatryn)、敌草净(desmetryn)、异戊乙净(dimethametryn)、格草净(methoprotryne)、扑草净(prometryn)、西草净(simetryn)和去草净(terbutryn);三嗪酮类除草剂,如特津酮(ametridione)、特草嗪酮(amibuzin)、环嗪酮(hexazinone)、丁嗪草酮(isomethiozin)、苯嗪草酮(metamitron)和赛克嗪(metribuzin);三唑类除草剂,如杀草强(amitrole)、唑草胺(cafenstrole)、三唑磺(epronaz)和氟胺草唑(flupoxam);三唑酮类除草剂,如胺唑草酮(amicarbazone)、酰苯草酮(bencarbazone)、唑草酮(carfentrazone)、氟酮磺隆(flucarbazone)、丙苯磺隆(propoxycarbazone)、甲磺草胺(sulfentrazone)和噻酮磺隆(thiencarbazone-methyl);三唑嘧啶类除草剂,如氯酯磺草胺(cloransulam)、双氯磺草胺(diclosulam)、双氟磺草胺(florasulam)、唑嘧磺草胺(flumetsulam)、磺草唑胺(metosulam)、五氟磺草胺(penoxsulam)和啶磺草胺(pyroxsulam);脲嘧啶类除草剂,如氟丙嘧草酯(butafenacil)、除草定(bromacil)、氟丙啼草酯(flupropacil)、异草定(isocil)、环草定(lenacil)和特草定(terbacil);3-苯基尿嘧啶;脲类除草剂,如苯噻隆(benzthiazuron)、苄草隆(cumyluron)、环莠隆(cycluron)、氯双脲(dichloralurea)、氟吡草腙(diflufenzopyr)、异草完隆(isonoruron)、异噁隆(isouron)、冬播宁(methabenzthiazuron)、特噁挫隆(monisouron)和草完隆(noruron);苯脲类除草剂,如疏草隆(anisuron)、炔草隆(buturon)、氯溴隆(chlorbromuron)、乙氧苯隆(chloreturon)、绿麦隆(chlorotoluron)、枯草隆(chloroxuron)、杀草隆(daimuron)、枯莠隆(difenoxuron)、噁唑隆(dimefuron)、敌草隆(diuron)、非草隆(fenuron)、伏草隆(fluometuron)、氟苯隆(fluothiuron)、异丙隆(isoproturon)、利谷隆(linuron)、灭草恒(methiuron)、甲基杀草隆(methyldymron)、甲氧苯草隆(metobenzuron)、溴谷隆(metobromuron)、甲氧隆(metoxuron)、绿谷隆(monolinuron)、灭草隆(monuron)、草不隆(neburon)、对氟隆(parafluron)、稀草隆(phenobenzuron)、环草隆(siduron)、氟氧隆(tetrafluron)和噻苯隆(thidiazuron);嘧啶磺酰脲类除草剂,如酰嘧磺隆(amidosulfuron)、四唑嘧磺隆(azimsulfuron)、苄嘧磺隆(bensulfuron)、氯嘧黄隆(chlorimuron)、环丙嘧磺隆(cyclosulfamuron)、乙氧磺隆(ethoxysulfuron)、啶嘧磺隆(flazasulfuron)、氟吡磺隆(flucetosulfuron)、氟啶嘧磺隆(flupyrsulfuron)、甲酰胺磺隆(foramsulfuron)、氯吡嘧磺隆(halosulfuron)、唑吡嘧磺隆(imazosulfuron)、磺胺磺隆(mesosulfuron)、烟嘧磺隆(nicosulfuron)、嘧苯胺磺隆(orthosulfamuron)、环氧嘧磺隆(oxasulfuron)、氟嘧磺隆(primisulfuron)、吡嘧磺隆(pyrazosulfuron)、玉嘧磺隆(rimsulfuron)、甲嘧磺隆(sulfometuron)、磺酰磺隆(sulfosulfuron)和三氟啶磺隆(trifloxysulfuron);三嗪磺酰脲类除草剂,如氯磺隆(chlorsulfuron)、醚磺隆(cinosulfuron)、胺苯磺隆(ethametsulfuron)、胺苯磺隆(iodosulfuron)、甲磺隆(metsulfuron)、氟磺隆(prosulfuron)、噻吩磺隆(thifensulfuron)、醚苯磺隆(triasulfuron)、苯磺隆(tribenuron)、氟胺磺隆(triflusulfuron)和三氟甲磺隆(tritosulfuron);噻唑脲类除草剂,如丁噻隆(buthiuron)、磺噻隆(ethidimuron)、丁噻隆(tebuthiuron)、噻氟隆(thiazafluron)和噻苯隆(thidiazuron);以及未分类的除草剂,如丙烯醛(acrolein)、烯丙醇(allyl alcohol)、唑啶草酮(azafenidin)、草除灵(benazolin)、灭草松(bentazone)、双环磺草酮(benzobicyclon)、丁硫咪唑酮(buthidazole)、氰氨化钙(calciumcyanamide)、克草胺酯(cambendichlor)、伐草克(chlorfenac)、燕麦酯(chlorfenprop)、氟咪杀(chlorflurazole)、氯甲丹(chlorflurenol)、环庚草醚(cinmethylin)、广灭灵(clomazone)、CPMF、克利沙尔(cresol)、邻二氯苯(ortho-dichlorobenzene)、哌草丹(dimepiperate)、草多索(endothal)、唑啶草(fluoromidine)、氟啶草酮(fluridone)、氟咯草酮(flurochloridone)、呋草酮(flurtamone)、嗪草酸(fluthiacet)、茚草酮(indanofan)、灭草唑(methazole)、异硫氰酸甲酯(methyl isothiocyanate)、氟氯草胺(nipyraclofen)、OCH、丙炔噁草酮(oxadiargyl)、噁草酮(oxadiazon)、噁嗪草酮(oxaziclomefone)、五氯苯酚(pentachlorophenol)、戊基噁唑酮(pentoxazone)、乙酸苯汞(phenylmercury acetate)、唑啉草酯(pinoxaden)、磺亚胺草(prosulfalin)、嘧啶肟草醚(pyribenzoxim)、环酯草醚(pyriftalid)、灭藻醌(quinoclamine)、硫氰苯乙胺(rhodethanil)、吖庚磺酯(sulglycapin)、噻二唑草胺(thidiazimin)、灭草环(tridiphane)、三甲隆(trimeturon)、節草酮(tripropindan)和草达克(tritac)。除草剂可以基于在如《农药手册》,第十四版,ISBN 1-901396-14-2等汇编中公开的水溶解度来选择,所述文献通过引用以其整体并入本文。《农药手册》的未来版本也将用于选择用于与聚烷氧基化氨基醇组合的除草剂。
植物生理或结构的改性剂的实例包含环丙嘧啶醇(ancymidol)、氨基乙氧基乙烯基甘氨酸(aminoethoxyvinylglycine)、6-苄氨基嘌呤、香芹酮(carvone)、甲基氯甲丹(chlorflurenol-methyl)、矮壮素(chlormequat chloride)、坐果酸(cloxyfonac)、4-CPA、环丙酰草胺(cyclanilide)、细胞分裂素(cytokinins)、丁酰肼(daminozide)、敌草克(dikegulac)、乙烯利(ethephon)、抑草丁(flurenol)、呋嘧醇(flurprimidol)、氯吡苯脲(forchlorfenuron)、赤霉酸(gibberellic acids)、赤霉素(gibberellins)、抗倒胺(inabenfide)、吲哚-3-基乙酸、4-吲哚-3基丁酸、马来酰肼(maleic hydrazide)、助壮素(mepiquat chloride)、1-甲基环丙烯(1-methylcyclopropene)、2-(l-萘基)乙酰胺、l-萘基乙酸、2-萘基羟乙酸、硝基苯酚(nitrophenolates)、多效唑(paclobutrazol)、N苯基邻苯二甲酸(Nphenylphthalamic acid)、调环酸钙(prohexadione-calcium)、n-二氢茉莉酸丙酯(n-propyl dihydrojasmonate)、苯基噻二唑脲(thidiazuron)、脱叶磷(tribufos)、抗倒酯(trinexepac-ethyl)和烯效唑(uniconazole)。改性剂可以基于在如《农药手册》,第十四版,ISBN 1-901396-14-2等汇编中公开的水溶解度来选择,所述文献通过引用以其整体并入本文。《农药手册》的未来版本也将用于选择用于与聚烷氧基化氨基醇组合的植物生理或结构的改性剂。
除草剂安全剂的实例包含如下安全剂:解草酮(benoxacor)、禾草丹(benthiocarb)、芸苔素内酯(brassinolide)、解毒喹(cloquintocet(mexyl))、解草胺腈(cyometrinil)、环丙磺酰胺(cyprosulfamide)、杀草隆(daimuron)、二氯丙烯胺(dichlormid)、二环酮(dicyclonon)、哌草丹(dimepiperate)、乙拌磷(disulfoton)、解草唑(fenchlorazole-ethyl)、解草啶(fenclorim)、解草胺(flurazole)、氟草肟(fluxofenim)、解草噁唑(furilazole)、双苯噁唑酸(isoxadifen-ethyl)、吡唑解草酯(mefenpyr-diethyl)、MG 191、MON 4660、萘二甲酸酐(naphthalic anhydride)(NA)、解草腈(oxabetrinil)、R29148和N-苯基磺酰基苯甲酸酰胺(N-phenylsulfonylbenzoic acidamides)。
例如,在农业应用中,调配物还可以包括水混溶性溶剂或按水和溶剂的总重量计可以0.5重量%或1重量%或2重量%或3重量%或4重量%或5重量%或10重量%多达30重量%或多达20重量%的量溶于水的溶剂。此类溶剂包含乙二醇醚、醇和酮,并且根据烃基的大小,其是可混溶的或可溶的。水混溶性溶剂包含N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、乙二醇单丁醚、乳酸乙酯、γ-丁内酯、丙二醇、丙二醇甲醚、四氢糠醇、2-乙氧基乙醇、二甲基亚砜、1-甲氧基-2-丙醇、2-丁氧基乙醇、二丙二醇甲醚、正丙醇和丙酮。水溶性溶剂包含苯乙酮、乳酸丁酯、环己酮、碳酸丙烯酯、甲基异丁基酮、正丁醇、乙二醇醋酸正丁酯、乙二醇苯基醚。作为“罐中(in-can)”应用的应用通常包含此类溶剂。此调配物可以进一步包含水或者可以在应用于期望除草或杀虫保护的预期区域之前用水稀释。在不存在聚烷氧基化氨基醇的情况下,用水进行稀释可能会导致难溶性活性物沉淀。在溶剂存在的情况下,溶剂与水的重量比可以为至少0.1:99.9或至少1:99或至少5:95或至少10:90,并且不大于99:1或不大于90:10或不大于80:20或不大于70:30或不大于60:40或不大于50:50。
可替代地,调配物可以呈固体颗粒形式,其在施用于期望除草剂或农药保护的位置(例如田间或仓库)之前,先与水一起添加到罐中。此实施例可以通过以下而形成:如通过溶解于普通溶剂中并且去除所述溶剂将聚烷氧基化氨基醇和农药混合在一起、或通过一起喷雾干燥或用于制备可以在罐中稀释以用于作物或田间的固体或半固体组合物的其它此类方式。
包含活性物和聚烷氧基化氨基醇的水性溶液可以通过喷雾来施用。
含有农业活性物的调配物中的其它潜在成分可以是非活性或惰性成分,如分散剂、增稠剂、胶粘剂、成膜剂、缓冲剂、乳化剂、防冻剂、染料、稳定剂、固体载体等可以掺入调配物中。这些另外的成分可以单独存在和/或累积地按组合物的总重量计以以下量存在:少于10重量%或少于8重量%或少于5重量%或少于3重量%或少于2重量%或少于1重量%和0重量%或至少0.1或至少为0.5。
在药物领域,使用聚烷氧基化氨基醇可以使得水难溶性活性药物成分溶解,以增强在制造片剂等时的可处理性(例如通过喷雾干燥)。另外,药物活性物(也被称为活性药物成分或API)的不良水溶解度可能导致较低的生物利用度和功效。
活性药物成分通常可以是用于人身体或动物身体的治疗性、诊断性或防治性药物治疗的任何物质。API可以例如选自以下组:抗高血压药、抗焦虑药、抗凝血剂、抗惊厥药、降血糖剂、减充血药、抗组胺药、镇咳药、β阻滞剂、抗炎药、抗精神病剂、认知增强剂、降胆固醇剂、抗肥胖剂、自身免疫失调剂、抗阳萎剂、抗细菌剂、抗真菌剂、催眠剂、抗帕金森病剂(anti-Parkinsonism agent)、抗阿尔茨海默氏病剂(anti-Alzheimer's disease agent)、抗抑郁药、抗病毒剂、抗动脉粥样硬化剂、糖原磷酸化酶抑制剂、激素、维生素、类胡萝卜素、防腐剂、细胞抑制剂、麻醉剂、神经松驰剂、抗霉药、解痉剂、免疫球蛋白、血清、甲状腺治疗剂、抗运动过度剂、眼科药剂、神经病剂、代谢调节剂、肌肉松弛剂、抗血脂药、肝治疗剂、冠状动脉剂、强心剂、调节肽和酶以及其抑制剂、镇静剂、妇科药剂、痛风特效药、纤溶药、循环促进剂、利尿药、诊断剂、皮质类固醇、胆管治疗药、止喘药、抗癫痫药、解毒剂,抗糖尿病剂、抗过敏药、镇痛药、止痛药、角质层分离剂、退热剂和血管扩张剂,但不限于此。如本文所公开的,聚烷氧基化氨基醇的使用可具体用于难溶于水性介质,如根据生物制药分类系统(Biopharmaceutics Classification System)(BCS)的II类药物的API,因为这些物质通常遭受生物利用度不足。
除了聚烷氧基化氨基醇和API之外,药物组合物可以包括另外的一种或多种生理上相容的添加剂。可以采用本领域已知的用于药物组合物的任何常规添加剂,只要其不干扰活性药物成分的作用并且不会不利地影响由聚烷氧基化醇赋予的上述有利作用。如果存在于本发明的药物组合物中,则至少一种任选添加剂例如可以选自以下的组:填充剂、pH调节剂、溶剂、表面活性剂、抗氧化剂、防腐剂、增塑剂、着色剂、增味剂、矿物佐剂、润肤剂、润滑剂、香料和除了根据本发明的聚烷氧基化醇以外的赋形剂以及前述任何的混合物。合适的抗氧化剂可以通过抗坏血酸、柠檬酸、维生素E和这些化合物的衍生物以及丁基化羟基茴香醚来例示。作为增塑剂,可以使用例如矿物油、矿脂、羊毛脂、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇,山梨醇、三乙醇胺、苯甲酸苄酯、癸二酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、单硬脂酸甘油酯、三醋精和/或柠檬酸三乙酯。合适的溶剂是例如水、如乙醇、异丙醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇等醇以及甘油。合格的pH调节剂可以是所有类型的生理上可接受的酸和/或碱。合适的表面活性剂可以是非离子型、阳离子型、阴离子型或为甜菜碱类型。例如可以使用脂肪醇硫酸盐、脂肪醇磺酸盐、脂肪醇醚硫酸盐、脂肪醇醚磺酸盐、脂肪醇烷氧基化物、脂肪醇磷酸盐、脂肪酸磺酸盐、烷基磺酸盐、烷基多糖苷、山梨聚糖酯以及其烷氧基化衍生物、糖脂肪酸酯、脂肪酸聚甘油酯、脂肪酸偏甘油酯、脂肪酸羧酸酯、脂肪醇琥珀酸酯、季铵化合物、烷基酚烷氧基化物或其混合物,但不限于此。可以掺入本发明的药物组合物中例如以使稠度或外观改性的填充剂包含但不限于例如颜料、二氧化钛、氧化铝、二氧化硅、氧化锌、硬脂酸镁、硅酸盐、硅铝酸盐、粘土、滑石粉、蜡和聚合物,例如纤维素衍生物,如甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素或羟丙基甲基纤维素。除了根据本发明的聚烷氧基化醇以外的赋形剂可以例如由在以下中提及的作为赋形剂的任何物质例示:《药物赋形剂手册(Handbook ofPharmaceutical Excipients)》,第三版,A.H.Kibbe编辑,美国药剂师协会和药物出版社(American Pharmaceutical Association and Pharmaceutical Press),(2000),WO 00/76482和E.T.Cole等人,《高级药物递送综述(Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews)》60(2008),747-756中的表3-5。
组合物可以包括至少一种活性药物成分和至少一种聚烷氧基化氨基醇,按组合物的总重量计,所述至少一种活性药物成分和所述至少一种聚烷氧基化氨基醇一起的组合量对应于1wt.%到100wt.%,优选地至少10wt.%,更优选地至少50wt.%。然后,药物组合物的其余部分可以包括生理上相容的添加剂(如果有的话)。因此,按药物组合物的总重量计,此类添加剂可以包括例如0wt.%到99wt.%,优选地0wt.%到90wt.%或0wt.%到50wt.%。至少一种活性药物成分和至少一种聚烷氧基化醇的相对量的重量比的范围可以为一种或多种活性药物成分:聚烷氧基化醇的10:1到1:100,优选地5:1到1:10,更优选地1:1到1:3。按组合物的总重量计,至少一种聚烷氧基化醇在药物组合物中可以以以下量存在:多于5wt.%,优选地至少10wt.%,更优选地至少25wt.%,最优选至少50wt.%。
根据本发明的药物组合物可以使用常规技术和设备制备。例如,包括至少一种API与本发明的至少一种聚烷氧基化醇的组合的调配物可以通过基于溶液的方法,如共沉淀和喷雾干燥获得。对于喷雾干燥,可以提供包括至少一种API和至少一种聚烷氧基化醇的溶液或分散体,并且将其喷雾到加热的气态干燥介质中以使溶剂蒸发。可替代地,也可以应用冷冻干燥。喷雾干燥过程的细节可见于R.H.Perry、D.W.Green、J.O.Maloney编辑,《佩里化学工程师手册(Perry's Chemical Engineers'Handbook)》,第6版,麦格劳-希尔书籍公司(McGraw-Hill Book Co.)1984,第20-57页。共沉淀可以例如通过将至少一种API和至少一种聚烷氧基化醇溶解在互溶剂中并且随后与非溶剂混合或再次借助于通过蒸发去除溶剂来执行。另一种可能性是提供API组分在第一溶剂中的第一溶液以及聚烷氧基化醇组分在第二溶剂中的第二溶液。第一溶剂和第二溶剂可以以使得在第一溶剂和第二溶剂的混合物中两种组分的溶解度足够低的方式选择。因此,至少一种API和至少一种聚烷氧基化醇可以通过混合两种溶液来共沉淀。在另一种可能性下,第一溶剂和第二溶剂可以以使得在第一溶剂和第二溶剂的混合物中两种组分的溶解度足够高并且两种溶液的混合提供了两种组分的清澈溶液的方式选择。可替代地,可以选择相同的溶剂来溶解两种组分。去除一种或多种溶剂提供了组分的固体或半固体混合物。此外,至少一种API和一种或多种聚烷氧基化醇可以通过熔融方法组合成调配物。例如,可以使用常规熔融挤出技术将至少一种API溶解在熔融的聚烷氧基化醇或多种聚烷氧基化醇的混合物中。可以在制备本发明药物组合物的任何合适阶段掺入任选添加剂(如果有的话),如通过将其包含在前体溶液或分散体或用于熔融的原料中,通过在用于组合最少一种API和一种或多种聚烷氧基化醇的过程期间添加其,或通过将其引入到由此方法获得的混合物中。在前述制备方法的获得的产物中,API和聚烷氧基化醇组分可以作为固体分散体存在,或者API可以溶解在包括一种或多种聚烷氧基化醇的相中或分散在其中,其中分散的API相优选地显示出在所有尺寸上均小于1μm,但不限于此的大小。如通过这些制备方法中的任何一种制备方法制备的本发明的药物组合物通常以固体或半固体形式,例如以固化的挤出物、粉末或凝胶状或糊状稠度的团块形式获得,并且因此可以特别方便地用于提供包括根据本发明的药物组合物的固体或半固体剂型。固体剂型可以是例如粉末、锭剂、栓剂、片剂或填充的胶囊。合适的半固体剂型可以通过凝胶、乳膏、糊剂和软膏剂例示。
对于口服施用,片剂和胶囊剂在大多数患者中具有特别良好的接受度并且因此优选地用作递送系统。包括本发明的药物组合物的片剂可以通过常规压制原始粉末或熔融挤出药物组合物并使用期望片剂大小和形状的模具重新固化而容易地制备。在如此制备的组合物为半固体的情况下,可以添加可以是上述类型的一种或多种填充剂,以用于增稠,以获得用于提供片剂的期望的稠度。填充有根据本发明的药物组合物的胶囊可以使用处理技术和设备来制备,所述处理技术和设备本身是现有技术,例如从E.T.Cole,《高级药物递送综述》60(2008),747-756已知的。软类型和硬类型两种胶囊均可以用于包封本发明的药物组合物。软胶囊通常使用旋转模具在一次操作中形成和填充,并具有由单片组成的壳体。硬胶囊通常单独制造并且由帽和主体组成。可以用目标量的根据本发明的药物组合物,例如呈粉末形式或作为热挤出的熔体填充空主体。随后,附接帽并且例如通过在主体/帽接口处应用粘合材料带或通过润湿主体与帽之间的接触区域,加热和固定来密封胶囊。胶囊壳体材料通常包括明胶作为主要成分,但是也可以使用替代材料,如羟丙基甲基纤维素、ι卡拉胶、羟丙基淀粉、聚乙烯醇和淀粉。壳体可以包含另外的物质,例如水或甘油等增塑剂、着色剂和遮光剂。
实例
氨基醇起始剂的合成
以下描述的氨基醇起始剂BA-DGE/DBA的此合成代表所有氨基醇起始剂的合成。其它起始剂可以根据类似步骤合成。向含有十字形状的搅拌棒的30mL小瓶中添加双酚A二缩水甘油醚(D.E.R.331环氧树脂,7.40g的环氧当量=185g/mol环氧,40.0毫摩尔(mmol)环氧)和二丁胺(5.16g,40.0mmol,40.0mmol N-H)。用利用铜线固定的倒置的14/20隔膜对小瓶加盖。插入注射器针穿过隔膜以将反应排出。在75℃下将反应混合物加热30分钟,在130℃下加热2小时,并且在150℃下加热2小时。产物是清澈、浅黄色的粘性液体。产物的1H和13CNMR分析与氨基醇BA-DGE/DBA的结构一致。产率是定量的。
聚烷氧基化氨基醇的合成.
在并行端口反应器(PPR)设置中执行反应,所述并行端口反应器设置含有利用位于三个单独模块中的48个(6×8)小型反应器24的板。通过配备有机器人控制的针和压缩气体微型阀的ISCO注射器泵递送氧化丙烯(PO)和氧化乙烯(EO)。
在真空烘箱中在125℃下对玻璃插入物连同每个单元的可去除聚醚醚酮(PEEK)搅拌桨进行干燥。在邻二甲苯中制备了下面列出的起始剂的储备溶液。在搅拌下将氢化钾(KH)添加到每种溶液中过夜,以产生>50mol%的烷氧化物,如下所示:
在氮气下,使用移液器将起始剂的储备溶液手动装入到玻璃插入物中。对于所有单元,储备溶液的量的范围为1.0到2.0ml。
将玻璃插入物连同搅拌桨一起装载到对应PPR孔中,并且将反应器密封。向单元装入计算量的氧化丙烯。将温度增加到150℃,并且在达到处理温度之后将反应混合物搅拌4小时。压力曲线表明反应何时完成。对单元排气并且用氮气吹扫以去除残留的氧化丙烯。将系统放置过夜。
第二天,将反应器模块加热到70℃,引入氧化乙烯,将温度增加到150℃,并且将反应器搅拌4小时。压力曲线与反应完成一致。如上所述冷却和排气后,用含10wt%乙酸的邻二甲苯将混合物淬灭。然后从每个反应器中提取少量样品以用于NMR分析,根据所述NMR分析可确定PO和EO单元的平均数量。
实例1-15以及对比实例1和2
制备1wt%苯醚甲环唑的并且没有添加剂(对比1和2)或10wt%或1wt%聚烷氧基化氨基醇的浓缩溶液。将其用水稀释,使得苯醚甲环唑的量为500ppm,并且聚烷氧基化氨基醇的量为500ppm或5000ppm。使用TurbiscanTM塔测量混合物在25小时内的光透射。使用从对照透射(在与在用存在的活性物测试时相同范围的浓度下由烷氧基化氨基醇和溶剂(如果有的话)和水制成)的底部1/3平均的高度对在溶液底部1/3之上的高度平均的透射率进行归一化。结果在表1中示出。
苯醚甲环唑结构
表1:苯醚甲环唑结果
实例16-37以及对比3
此次使用吡唑醚菌酯代替苯醚甲环唑重复实例1-15和对比1和2的方法。结果在表2中示出。
吡唑醚菌酯结构
表2:吡唑醚菌酯结果
组合物和方法可以可替代地包括本文所公开的任何适当的材料、步骤或组分,由或基本上由所述材料、步骤或组分组成。所述组合物、方法和物品可以另外地或可替代地被调配成缺乏或基本上不含对于实现所述组合物、方法和物品的功能或目标而言不另外必需的任何材料(或物种)、步骤或组分。
对于范围,可以将规定的上限和下限组合以形成范围(例如,“至少1或至少2重量百分比”和“至多10或5重量百分比”可以组合为范围“1到10重量百分比”或“1到5重量百分比”或“2到10重量百分比”或“2到5重量百分比”)。术语“第一”、“第二”等不表示任何次序、数量或重要性,而是用于将一个元件与另一个元件区分开。除非本文另有说明或者与上下文明显矛盾,否则术语“一个(a)”和“一种(an)”和“所述(the)”不表示对数量的限制并且应被解释为涵盖单数和复数两者。除非另外明确说明,否则“或”意指“和/或”。
除非本文另有相反规定,否则所有测试标准均是自本申请的申请日期起生效的最新标准,或如果要求优先权,则是测试标准出现的最早优先权申请的申请日期。
术语“烷基”是指支链或直链的不饱和脂肪族烃基团,例如,甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、仲戊基以及正己基和仲己基或环烷基(如环己基)或包含环状基团和直链或支链的烷基。“烯基”是指具有至少一个碳-碳双键的直链或支链单价烃基(例如,乙烯基(-HC=CH2))。“烷氧基”是指经由氧连接的烷基(即,烷基-O-),例如甲氧基、乙氧基和仲丁氧基。“芳基”是指含有指定数量的碳原子的芳香烃基,如苯基、环庚三烯酮、茚满基或萘基。前缀“杂”是指化合物或基团包含为杂原子(例如1个、2个或3个杂原子)的至少一个环成员,其中一个或多个杂原子各自独立地为N、O、S、Si或P。基团中所表示的碳原子的数量不包含任何取代基。例如,-CH2CH2CN为被腈取代的C2烷基。
Claims (12)
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中R1、R2、R3和R4为丁基或2-乙基己基。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其中m为至少10,并且n为至少15。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其中m为至少10,并且n为至少15,并且m+n小于300。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其中AO是PO和EO的嵌段共聚物。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其中至少一个AO具有富含EO的嵌段和富含PO的嵌段。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其进一步包括能够与水至少部分地混溶的溶剂。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其为水溶液。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其中所述生物活性化合物与所述聚烷氧基化氨基醇的重量比的范围为2:1到1:100。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其中所述生物活性化合物是农业活性成分。
11.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其中所述生物活性化合物是活性药物成分。
12.一种用于预防害虫的方法,其包括用水稀释根据权利要求10所述的组合物以及通过喷雾将所述组合物应用于区域。
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- 2019-11-25 CN CN201980074151.2A patent/CN112996387B/zh active Active
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JP7391962B2 (ja) | 2023-12-05 |
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BR112021008978A2 (pt) | 2021-08-10 |
US20220007645A1 (en) | 2022-01-13 |
CN112996387A (zh) | 2021-06-18 |
WO2020123129A1 (en) | 2020-06-18 |
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