CN112973692A - 一种富勒烯掺杂二氧化钛的复合光催化剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种富勒烯掺杂二氧化钛的复合光催化剂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种富勒烯掺杂二氧化钛的复合光催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤,第一步:将富勒烯在无水乙醇中搅拌、超声使其充分溶解、分散,得富勒烯溶液;第二步:将钛酸正四丁酯和冰醋酸溶解在富勒烯溶液中;第三步:将金属盐化合物在去离子水和无水乙醇混合液中搅拌溶解;第四步:将第三步所得到的溶液逐渐滴加至第二步的混合溶液中,混合并搅拌,使其反应充分进行;第五步:待完全滴加后继续搅拌2h,之后将其静置陈化形成凝胶后,将其放入烘箱内干燥,然后用研钵研磨成粉末后,放入马弗炉以高温煅烧后得到铁掺杂的二氧化钛/富勒烯复合光催化剂。本发明能改善二氧化钛光催化效率低的问题,可作为高效处理有机物双酚A污染的新型催化剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及复合材料技术领域,具体为一种富勒烯掺杂二氧化钛的复合光催化剂的制备方法。
背景技术
双酚A作为一种人工合成的化学物质,最近越来越成为某些工业发展的必需品。研究表明,双酚A存在雌激素特性,有很大的潜在危险性。当前双酚A污染问题几乎遍布全球,很多国家都面临着不同程度的双酚A污染问题。双酚A污染问题作为全球性的环境问题已日益凸显。因而寻求经济高效的去除双酚A的技术具有重大的现实意义。
目前,去除水体中双酚A的技术有:生物法、吸附法、化学法、电化氧化法、光催化氧化法等。其中光催化氧化法具有操作简便、运行稳定、高效经济、净化条件温和、高氧化深度等优势。光催化剂是光催化氧化效率的关键。为了提高双酚A的去除效率,新型高效光催化材料的制备成为了研究的重点。
自1990年实现富勒烯的常量制备以来,富勒烯及其化合物的相关研究引起了诸多学科领域研究人员的极大兴趣。富勒烯由于独特的共轭离域π-电子结构决定了其缺电子性,在与其他物质结合时能便利地调控其电化学、荧光及电子传输等性能。在大多数富勒烯基光催化纳米材料中,因为富勒烯有一个狭窄的带隙和其独特的三维结构,这可以导致催化剂上快速的电荷分离,同时产生相对缓慢的电子和空穴的复合。
二氧化钛是当今研究最为广泛和深入的一种半导体光催化剂。TiO2晶体具有粒径小、比表面积大、界面原子所占比例大等独特的性能,已经被广泛应用在各个领域。但是,TiO2禁带宽度较宽,只能吸收紫外光,且存在光生电子和空穴易复合等问题。
由于富勒烯对二氧化钛的光催化性能有着明显的提高作用。因此,本发明利用溶胶凝胶法制备金属掺杂的二氧化钛/富勒烯复合光催化剂,明显低改善了二氧化钛光催化效率低的问题,可作为高效处理有机物双酚A污染的新型催化剂,对实现治理废水中微量难降解有机污染物具有重大的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是解决上述背景技术中的缺点,而提出一种富勒烯掺杂二氧化钛的复合光催化剂的制备方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种富勒烯掺杂二氧化钛的复合光催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
第一步:将富勒烯在无水乙醇中搅拌、超声使其充分溶解、分散,得富勒烯溶液;
第二步:将钛酸正四丁酯和冰醋酸溶解在富勒烯溶液中;
第三步:将金属盐化合物在去离子水和无水乙醇混合液中搅拌溶解;
第四步:将第三步所得到的溶液逐渐滴加至第二步的混合溶液中,混合并搅拌,使其反应充分进行;
第五步:待完全滴加后继续搅拌2h,之后将其静置陈化形成凝胶后,将其放入烘箱内干燥,然后用研钵研磨成粉末后,放入马弗炉以高温煅烧后得到铁掺杂的二氧化钛/富勒烯复合光催化剂。
优选的,所述第一步中的富勒烯溶液浓度为0.1~0.2g/L,其超声时间为1~3h。
优选的,所述第二步中的钛酸正四丁酯与冰醋酸的质量比为0.005%。
优选的,所述第三步中的金属盐化合物为铁盐,铁元素和钛元素的掺杂质量比例为2%。
优选的,所述第五步中的静置陈化时间为24~36h,其烘箱干燥温度为60~80℃,其干燥时间为8~10h,其研磨时间为0.5~1h,其煅烧温度为400~450℃,其煅烧时间为2h。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明所制备的复合光催化剂能用于处理有机物污染,例如,有机污染物双酚A被光催化氧化降解。
2、本发明所制备的复合光催化剂对双酚A的去除效率高。
3、本发明所制备的复合光催化剂能够明显低改善二氧化钛光催化效率低的问题,可作为高效处理有机物双酚A污染的新型催化剂,对实现治理废水中微量难降解有机污染物具有重大的意义。
附图说明
图1为本发明制备流程图;
图2为本发明在实施例一中制备时的TEM图;
图3为本发明在实施例一中制备时的XRD图;
图4为本发明在实施例一中的紫外可见漫反射光谱图;
图5为本发明在实施例一中在紫外光下对双酚A的去除效果曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
具体实施例一
请参阅图1-5,本发明提供一种技术方案:
一种富勒烯掺杂二氧化钛的复合光催化剂的制备方法,
其制备步骤为:
第一步:准确称取5mg C60粉末加入到装有40mL无水乙醇的200mL烧杯中,经过充分的磁力搅拌和超声处理2h,使得富勒烯完全分散;
第二步:准确量取20ml钛酸正四丁酯和10ml冰醋酸溶解在第一步C60溶液中,搅拌30min;
第三步:准确称取0.4749gFe(NO)3·9H2O在1ml去离子水和20ml无水乙醇混合液中搅拌溶解;
第四步:将第三步所得到的混合液用恒压漏斗逐渐滴加至第二步的混合溶液中,滴加速度为1-2滴每秒,边滴加边搅拌,使其反应充分进行;
第五步:待完全滴加后继续搅拌2h,之后将其静置陈化36h形成凝胶后,将其放入烘箱内60℃干燥10h,然后用研钵研磨40min完全成粉末后,每个坩埚中称量0.2g粉末,放入马弗炉找中以3℃/min上升到400℃后煅烧2h,煅烧后即得到复合光催化剂。
其测试过程:
称取0.15g的Fe-TiO2/C60复合光催化剂,分别加入装有60mL,10mg/LBPA溶液的石英玻璃试管中,置于光催化反应器中,并磁力搅拌,在25℃环境温度下,采用450W的汞灯作为紫外光光源对溶液进行照射,在石英玻璃试管处光辐射强度为980μw/cm2。每间隔20min关掉光源取出样品,离心10min后,取上层清液于洁净干燥的石英比色皿中,用紫外可见分光光度计测其上清液的吸光度,在225mn波长处测量。利用吸光度和浓度变化,根据Lambert-Beer定律可求得降解率。其测试结果如图5所示,在紫外光催化下,双酚A的降解率为90%左右,是纯TiO2降解率的2倍。
对于本领域技术人员而言,显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节,而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下,能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此,无论从哪一点来看,均应将实施例看作是示范性的,而且是非限制性的,本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定,因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。不应将权利要求中的任何附图标记视为限制所涉及的权利要求。
Claims (5)
1.一种富勒烯掺杂二氧化钛的复合光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
第一步:将富勒烯在无水乙醇中搅拌、超声使其充分溶解、分散,得富勒烯溶液;
第二步:将钛酸正四丁酯和冰醋酸溶解在富勒烯溶液中;
第三步:将金属盐化合物在去离子水和无水乙醇混合液中搅拌溶解;
第四步:将第三步所得到的溶液逐渐滴加至第二步的混合溶液中,混合并搅拌,使其反应充分进行;
第五步:待完全滴加后继续搅拌2h,之后将其静置陈化形成凝胶后,将其放入烘箱内干燥,然后用研钵研磨成粉末后,放入马弗炉以高温煅烧后得到铁掺杂的二氧化钛/富勒烯复合光催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种富勒烯掺杂二氧化钛的复合光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述第一步中的富勒烯溶液浓度为0.1~0.2g/L,其超声时间为1~3h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种富勒烯掺杂二氧化钛的复合光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述第二步中的钛酸正四丁酯与冰醋酸的质量比为0.005%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种富勒烯掺杂二氧化钛的复合光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述第三步中的金属盐化合物为铁盐,铁元素和钛元素的掺杂质量比例为2%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种富勒烯掺杂二氧化钛的复合光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述第五步中的静置陈化时间为24~36h,其烘箱干燥温度为60~80℃,其干燥时间为8~10h,其研磨时间为0.5~1h,其煅烧温度为400~450℃,其煅烧时间为2h。
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